Solved CBSE XII Maths (EF1GH-2)

CBSE 2023 EXAMINATIONS
XII MATHEMATICS (041)

Series EF1GH/2 ♦ Q.P. Code 65/2/1; 65/2/2; 65/2/3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time Allowed : 180 Minutes Max. Marks : 80
General Instructions :
1. This Question paper contains five sections - A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory.
However, there are internal choices in some questions.
2. Section A has 18 MCQs and 02 Assertion-Reason (A-R) based questions of 1 mark each.
Section B has 05 questions of 2 marks each.
Section C has 06 questions of 3 marks each.
Section D has 04 questions of 5 marks each.
Section E has 03 Case-study / Source-based / Passage-based questions with sub-parts (4
marks each).
3. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in
 02 Questions of Section B
 03 Questions of Section C
 02 Questions of Section D
 02 Questions of Section E
You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.
 Q.P. Code - 65/2/1

SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
0 1 2023
01. If A  
0 0  , then A is equal to
 
 0 1  0 2023  0 0  2023 0 
(a)   (b)  (c) (d) 
 0 0 0 0   0 0
   0 2023
0 1  0 1   0 0
Sol. (c) Note that A 2     O
0 0  0 0   0 0
 0 0
Now A 2023  A 2 .A 2021  O.A 2021  O   .
 0 0
 2 0
02. If    P  Q, where P is a symmetric and Q is a skew symmetric matrix, then Q is equal
 5 4
to
 2 5/2   0 5/2   0 5/2   2 5/2 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d) 
5/2 4  5/2 0   5/2 0  5/2 4 
 
1  2 0   2 0  
Sol. (b) Since Q is skew symmetric matrix so, Q    
2  5 4  5 4  
 
1 2 0  2 5 
 Q    
2   5 4   0 4 
 0 5/2 
Q   .
5/2 0 
MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 1

CBSE 2023 Exams - Maths (041) By O.P. GUPTA (INDIRA Award Winner)
 1 2 1
03. If  2 3 1 is non-singular matrix and a  A , then the set A is
 
 3 a 1
(a) R (b) {0} (c) {4} (d) R  {4}
1 2 1
Sol. (d) For non-singular matrix, 2 3 1  0  1(2a  9)  1(a  6)  1(1)  0
3 a 1
 a  4 i.e., a  R  {4}
 A  R  {4} .
04. If A  kA , where A is a square matrix of order 2, then sum of all possible value of k is
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0
2 2
Sol. (d) A  kA implies, A  k A  k 1  k  1,  1
Clearly, the sum of all possible values of k will be 0.
d
05. If [f (x)]  ax  b and f (0)  0, then f (x) is equal to
dx
ax 2 ax 2
(a) a  b (b)  bx (c)  bx  c (d) b
2 2
d
Sol. (b) As [f (x)]  ax  b   d[f (x)]   (ax  b)dx
dx
a x2
 f (x)  bxc
2
a  02
As f (0)  0, f (0)   b 0  c  c  0
2
a x2
Hence, f (x)   bx .
2
 dy 
06. Degree of the differential equation sin x  cos    y 2 is
 dx 
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) not defined (d) 0
Sol. (c) Degree for the given D.E. is ‘not defined’.
dx
07. The integrating factor of the differential equation (1  y 2 )  yx  ay, ( 1  y  1) is
dy
1 1 1 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) 2
(d)
y 1 y2  1 1 y 1  y2
dx  y  ay
Sol. (d) Rewriting the D.E.,  2 
x
dy  1  y  1  y2
dx  y 
On comparing the D.E. with  P(y)x  Q(y) , we get P(y)   2 
dy 1 y 
 y  1  2y  1
  1 y2 dy 
  dy
2  1 y2   log (1 y2 ) 2 1/2 1/2 1
So, integrating factor  e e e 2
 e log (1 y )   1  y 2   .
  1  y2

08. Unit vector along PQ, where coordinates of P and Q respectively are (2, 1, –1) and (4, 4, –7), is
2 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

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2i 3j 6k 2i 3j 6k

(a) 2i  3j  6k (b) 2i  3j  6k (c)    (d)  
 7 7 7 7 7 7
Sol. (d) PQ  2iˆ  3jˆ  6kˆ
 2iˆ  3jˆ  6kˆ 2i 3j 6k
So, required unit vector along PQ     .
4  9  36 7 7 7
09. Position vector of the mid-point of line segment AB is 3i  2j  3k. If position vector of the
point A is 2i  3j  4k, then position vector of the point B is

5i 5j 7k i j k
(a)   (b) 4i  j  2k (c) 5i  5j  7k (d)  
2 2 2 2 2 2

(2i  3j  4k)
  OB
Sol. (b)  3i  2j  3k
2

 
 (2i  3j  4k)   OB  6i  4j  6k

 OB  4i  j  2k .
10. Projection of vector 2i  3j on the vector 3i  2j is
12 12
(a) 0 (b) 12 (c) (d)
13 13
(2i  3j).(3i
   2j) 6  6
Sol. (a) Projection of vector 2i  3j on the vector 3i  2j is  0.
94 13
11. Equation of a line passing through point (1, 1, 1) and parallel to z-axis is
x y z x 1 y 1 z 1
(a)   (b)  
1 1 1 1 1 1
x y z 1 x 1 y 1 z 1
(c)   (d)  
0 0 1 0 0 1
Sol. (d) Note that, the direction cosines of z-axis are 0, 0, 1.
x 1 y 1 z 1
So, the equation of line passing through (1, 1, 1) is   .
0 0 1
12. If the sum of numbers obtained on throwing a pair of dice is 9, then the probability that number
obtained on one of the dice is 4, is
1 4 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 18 2
Sol. (d) Let A : number obtained on one of the dice is 4, B : sum of the numbers obtained is 9.
Clearly A  (1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4,1), (4, 2), (4,3), (4, 4), (4,5), (4,6), (5, 4),(6, 4) ,
B  (3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6,3) and A  B  (4,5), (5, 4) .
P(A  B) 2/36 1
 P(A | B)    .
P(B) 4/36 2
tan x  1
13. Anti-derivative of with respect to x is
tan x  1
   
(a) sec 2   x   c (b)  sec 2   x   c
4  4 
   
(c) log sec   x   c (d)  log sec   x   c
4  4 

 tan x  1   1  tan x     
Sol. (c)    dx      dx    tan   x  dx  log sec   x   c .
 tan x  1   tan x  1  4  4 
14. If (a, b), (c, d) and (e, f) are the vertices of ABC and  denotes the area of ABC, then
2
a c e
b d f is equal to
1 1 1
(a) 2 2 (b) 4 2 (c) 2 (d) 4
a c e a c e
1
Sol. (b) Area of ABC ,   b d f  2  b d f
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
a c e
Clearly, b d f  4  2 .
1 1 1
15. The function f (x)  x x is
(a) continuous and differentiable at x  0
(b) continuous but not differentiable at x  0
(c) differentiable but not continuous at x  0
(d) neither differentiable nor continuous at x  0
Sol. (a) The function f (x)  x x is continuous and differentiable at x  0
2
 x , if x  0
Note that f (x)  x x   2
  x , if x  0
2x, if x  0
 f (x)   . Therefore, f (x) is differentiable in R. So, it must be continuous in R.
2x, if x  0
xy dy
16. If tan    k , then is equal to
xy dx
y y y y
(a)  (b) (c) sec 2   (d)  sec2  
x x x x
xy
Sol. (b) On rewriting, we get  tan 1 k
xy
 dy   dy 
(x  y) 1    (x  y)  1  
  dx   dx   d (tan 1 k)
2
(x  y) dx
dy dy dy dy
xx yy xx yy
 dx dx dx dx  0
2
(x  y)
dy dy y
  2x   2y   .
dx dx x
17. The objective function z  ax  by of an LPP has maximum value 42 at (4, 6) and minimum
value 19 at (3, 2). Which of the following is true?
(a) a  9, b  1 (b) a  5, b  2 (c) a  3, b  5 (d) a  5, b  3

Sol. (c) z max  a(4)  b(6)  42  2a  3b  21 …(i)

z min  a(3)  b(2)  19  3a  2b  19 …(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get a  3, b  5 .
18. The corner points of the feasible region of a linear programming problem are (0, 4), (8, 0) and
 20 4 
 ,  . If Z  30x  24y is the objective function, then (maximum value of Z – minimum
 3 3
value of Z ) is equal to
(a) 40 (b) 96 (c) 120 (d) 136
 20 4 
Sol. Let A(0, 4), B(8, 0) and C  ,  . Then ZA  96, ZB  240 and ZC  232 .
 3 3
Therefore, (maximum value of Z – minimum value of Z )  240  96  144 .
Note : We have no such option in the question with ‘144’ as the answer (Error in the question).
Question number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two
statements are given, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct
answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
19. Assertion (A) : Maximum value of (cos 1x) 2 is 2 .
   
Reason (R) : Range of the principal value branch of cos1 x is  ,  .
 2 2
Sol. (c) Since 0  cos1x   so, 0  (cos 1 x)2  2 . That is, the maximum value of (cos 1x) 2 is 2 .
So, Assertion (A) is true. But Reason (R) is false.
20. Assertion (A) : If a line makes angles  ,  ,  with positive direction of the coordinate axes,
then sin 2   sin 2   sin 2   2.
Reason (R) : The sum of squares of the direction cosines of a line is 1.
Sol. (a) Since cos2   cos2   cos2   1  1  sin 2   1  sin 2   1  sin 2   1
That is, sin 2   sin 2   sin 2   2.
Therefore, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
SECTION B
This section comprises very short answer (VSA) type questions of 2 marks each.
 3 
21. (a) Evaluate sin 1  sin   cos1 (cos )  tan 1 (1).
 4 
OR
1
(b) Draw the graph of cos x , where x  [1, 0]. Also, write its range.
 3      
Sol. (a) sin 1  sin   cos 1 (cos )  tan 1 (1)  sin 1  sin        
 4    4  4
       3
  sin 1  sin           
  4  4 4 4 2
OR
1
(b) Graph of the function f (x)  cos x, where x  [1, 0] is given below.

Note that, the dotted portion shown in graph is

not needed for f (x)  cos1 x in this question,
as we have been given that x  [1, 0] .
22. A particle moves along the curve 3y  ax 3  1 such that at a point with x-coordinate 1, y-
coordinate is changing twice as fast at x-coordinate. Find the value of a.
dy dx dy dx
Sol. For 3y  ax 3  1 , 3   3a x 2    a x2 
dt dt dt dt
dy dx
When x  1, 2
dt dt
dx dx
That means, 2  a (1)2 
dt dt
a  2.
      
23. If a, b, c are three non-zero unequal vectors such that a  b  a  c , then find the angle between
  
a and b  c .
       
Sol. Since a  b  a  c implies, a  b  a  c  0
  
 a  (b  c)  0
       
 a  0, (b  c)  0 (given that a, b, c are three non-zero unequal vectors)
  
Therefore, a  (b  c) .
  
Hence, the required angle between a and b  c is 90o .
x y 1 z 1
24. Find the coordinates of points on line   which are at a distance of 11 units
1 2 2
from origin.
x y 1 z 1
Sol. Let   
1 2 2
Then the coordinates of any random point on the line will be A(, 2  1, 2  1) .
Now OA   2  (2  1)2  (2  1) 2  11
  2  4 2  4  1  4 2  4  1  11
 9 2  11  2
 9 2  9
   1,  1
Hence, the required points are (1,3,1), (1,  1,  3) .
2
 d 2 y   dy 
25. (a) If y  ax  b , prove that y  2      0.
 dx   dx 
OR

ax  b; 0  x  1
(b) If f (x)   2 is a differentiable function in (0, 2), then find the values of ‘a’
 2x  x; 1  x  2
and ‘b’.
Sol. (a) y  ax  b  y 2  ax  b
dy
 2y a
dx
d 2 y dy dy
y 2  0
dx dx dx
2
 d 2 y   dy 
 y  2      0.
 dx   dx 
OR
(b) Note that, if a function is differentiable at a point, it is continuous at that point as well.
We shall take x  1 for continuity and differentiability.
2
For continuity, lim(2x

 x)  f (1)
x 1
2
 2(1)  1  a(1)  b
 a  b  1 …(i)
For differentiability, Lf (1)  Rf (1)
(ax  b)  (a  b) (2x 2  x)  (a  b)
 lim  lim
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
2
a(x  1) (2x  x)  (1)
 lim  lim (By (i)
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
(2x  1)(x  1)
 lim a  lim
x 1 x 1 x 1
 a  lim(2x

 1)
x 1
 a  (21  1)  3
 b  1  a  2 .
SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
 /4
26. (a) Evaluate  log(1  tan x) dx .
0
OR
dx
(b) Find  .
sin 3 x cos(x  a)
/ 4
Sol. (a) Let I   log (1  tan x) dx …(i)
0
/ 4
  
I  log 1  tan  4  x   dx
0
  
/ 4
 tan  tan x 
4
I  log  1 
  dx
0  1  tan tan x 
 4 

/ 4
 1  tan x 
I  log 1  1  tan x  dx
0
/ 4
 2 
I  log  1  tan x  dx
0
/ 4
I  log 2  log(1  tan x) dx
0
/ 4 / 4
I  log 2 dx   log(1  tan x)dx
0 0
/ 4
I  log 2 dx  I (By (i)
0
 /4
 2 I  log 2  x 0
 
 2 I  log 2   0 
4 

 I  log 2 .
8
OR
dx
(b) Let I  
sin 3 x cos(x  a)
cosec 2 x dx cosec2 x dx cosec2 x dx
I  
sin 3 x cos(x  a) sin 3 x cos (x  a) cos x cos a  sin x sin a
sin 2 x sin 4 x sin x
cosec 2 x dx  2 dt
I  Put cot x cos a  sin a  t  cosec x dx   cos a
cot x cos a  sin a
1 dt 2 t
I   c
cos a t cos a
2 cot x cos a  sin a
I  c.
cos a
2
1  1  x  x 
27. Find  e cot x  2  dx .
 1 x 
1  1  x  x2 
Sol. Let I   ecot x
 2  dx
 1 x 
dx
Put cot 1 x  t   dt  I    e t (  cot t)  (1  cot 2 t)  dt
1  x2
 I    e t  ( cot t)  (cosec 2 t)  dt
Note that, f (t)   cot t, f (t)  cosec 2 t
1
 e f (x)  f (x) dx  e f (x)  c we get : I  e ( cot t)  c

t
By using x x
 I  ecot x (x)  c .
log 3
1
28. Evaluate  dx .
log 2
(e  e )(e x  e  x )
x x

1 e 2x
Sol. Let I   x x x x
dx   2x 2x
dx (On multiplying Nr & Dr both by e 2x
(e  e )(e  e ) (e  1)(e  1)
dt
Put e 2x  t  e 2x dx 
2
1 1 1  1 1  1
I  dt      dt  log t  1  log t  1 
2 (t  1)(t  1) 4  t  1 t  1 4
1 e 2x  1 
I  log 
4 e 2x  1 
log 3 log 3
1 1 e 2x  1 
Now  dx   log 
log 2
(e x  e  x )(e x  e x ) 4 e 2x  1  log 2
1  3 1   2 1 
  log    log 
4  3 1   2  1  
1 1 1 1
 log  log    log 2  log 3
4 2 3 4
1  3
 log   .
4  2
Note that, e 2x  e 2log 3  e log3  3, e 2x  e 2log 2  e log 2  2 .
29. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation :
(xy  x 2 ) dy  y 2 dx.
OR
(b) Find the general solution of the differential equation :
dy
(x 2  1)  2xy  x 2  4 .
dx
dx xy x 2
Sol. (a) Rewriting the D.E., 
dy y2
2
dx x  x 
   
dy y  y 
dx dv
Put x  vy   vy
dy dy
dv dv
 vy  v  v2  y  v 2
dy dy
dv dy
  2  
v y
1
  log y  c
v
y
  log y  c or, y  x log y  c x is the required general solution.
x
OR
dy  2x  x2  4
(b) Rewriting the D.E.,  2 y  2
dx  x  1  x 1

dy  2x  x2  4
On comparing to  P(x)y  Q(x) , we get P(x)   2  , Q(x)  2
dx  x 1 x 1
 2x 
  x 2 1 dx 2
Integrating factor is e  elog ( x 1)
 (x 2  1)
x2  4
Required solution of D.E. is, (x 2  1)y   (x 2  1)  dx  c
x2  1
 (x 2  1)y   x 2  4 dx  c
x 4
 (x 2  1)y  x 2  4  log x  x 2  4  c
2 2
x
Therefore, (x 2  1)y  x 2  4  2log x  x 2  4  c is the required general solution.
2
30. (a) Two balls are drawn at random one by one with replacement from an urn containing equal
number of red balls and green balls. Find the probability distribution of number of red balls.
Also, find the mean of the random variable.
OR
(b) A and B throw a die alternately till one of them gets a ‘6’ and wins the game.
Find their respective probabilities of wining, if A starts the game first.
Sol. (a) Let ‘n’ number of red balls are there in the urn so, number of green balls will also be ‘n’.
Total number of balls in the urn will be ‘2n’.
Let X denote the number of red balls. So, values of X will be 0, 1, 2.
Let E : drawing a red ball from the urn.
n 1 1
 P(E)   , P(E)  1  P(E) 
2n 2 2
1 2 1
Now P(X  0)  P(E)  P(E)  ; P(X  1)  2P(E)  P(E)  ; P(X  2)  P(E)  P(E)  .
4 4 4
Table for probability distribution is given below.
X 0 1 2
P(X) 1 2 1
4 4 4
1 2 1 4
Mean   X P(X)  0   1  2    1 .
4 4 4 4
OR
(b) Let E : getting a six.
1 5
 P(E) = , P(E) = 1  P(E)  .
6 6
If A starts the game then, he can win in first, third, fifth,… throws.
2 4
1 5 1 5 1
Therefore, P(A wins)  P(E)  P(EEE)  P(EEEEE)  ... =        ...
6 6 6 6 6
1
6 a
 P(A wins)  6  [ a  ar  ar 2  ...  , Sum of an infinite G.P.
25 11 1  r
1
36
6 5
Also, P(B wins)  1  P(A wins)  1   .
11 11
31. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically.

Minimize : Z  5x  10y
Subject to constraints : x  2y  120, x  y  60, x  2y  0,
x  0, y  0.
Sol. Consider the graph shown below.
Corner points Value of Z
A(60, 0) 300  Min.
B(120, 0) 600
C(60, 30) 600
D(40, 20) 400
Therefore, minimum value of Z is
300 and it is obtained at A(60, 0).
SECTION D
This section comprises long answer (LA) type questions of 5 marks each.
 3 2 4 1 2 0
32. 
(a) If A  2 1 2 , B   2 1 2  , then find AB and use it to solve the following

   
 2 1 3   0 1 1 
system of equations.
x  2y  3
2x  y  z  2
2y  z  3.
OR
 cos   sin  0
(b) If f ()   sin  cos  0 , prove that f ()  f ()  f ( ) .
 
 0 0 1 
 3 2 4   1 2 0  1 0 0 
Sol. (a) AB   2 1 2   2 1 2    0 1 0   AB  I  B1  A …(i)
    
 2 1 3   0 1 1   0 0 1 
 1 2 0   x  3   x  3 
Given system of equations can be rewritten as  2 1 1  y    2 i.e., B  y    2
     
 0 2 1   z  3   z  3 
x  3   3 2 4  3 
  y   (B)1  2    2 1 2   2  ( B1  A  (B1 )  (B) 1  A
 z  3   2 1 3  3 

 x   3 2 2  3  1 
  y    2 1 1   2    1
 z   4 2 3  3  1 
By equality of matrices, we get : x  1, y  1, z  1 .
OR
 cos   sin  0 cos()  sin() 0   cos  sin  0 
(b) f ( )  sin  cos  0 , f ()   sin() cos( ) 0     sin  cos  0 
 
     
 0 0 1   0 0 1   0 0 1 
cos   sin  0   cos  sin  0 
Now f ( )  f ()   sin  cos  0    sin  cos  0 
  
 0 0 1   0 0 1 
 cos  cos   sin  sin  cos  sin   sin  cos  0 
  sin  cos   cos  sin  sin  sin   cos  cos  0
 
 0 0 1 
 cos (  ) sin (   ) 0   cos (  )  sin (  ) 0 
  sin (  ) cos (  ) 0    sin (  ) cos (  ) 0 
   
 0 0 1   0 0 1 
 f ( ) .
Hence, f ()  f ()  f ( ) .
33. (a) Find the equations of the diagonals of the parallelogram PQRS whose vertices are
P(4, 2,  6), Q(5,  3, 1), R(12, 4, 5) and S(11, 9,  2). Use these equations to find the point of
intersection of diagonals.
OR
x y z
(b) A line l passes through point (1, 3,  2) and is perpendicular to both the lines  
1 2 3
x  2 y 1 z 1
and   . Find the vector equation of the line l. Hence, obtain its distance from
3 2 5
origin.
Sol. (a) Consider the diagram given below.
The diagonals of parallelogram are PR and QS.

x4 y2 z6
Equation of PR :  
12  4 4  2 5  6
x4 y2 z6
That is,   .
8 2 11
x  5 y  3 z 1
Equation of QS :  
11  5 9  3 2  1
x  5 y  3 z 1
That is,   .
2 4 1
The coordinates of random points on PR and QS are respectively A(8  4, 2  2,11  6) and
B(2  5, 4  3,    1) .
When PR and QS intersect, points A and B must coincide for some specific values of  and  .
That is, 8  4  2  5  8  2  1 ...(i)

2  2  4  3  2  4  5 ...(ii)
11  6    1  11    7 ...(iii)
1 3
On solving (i) and (ii), we get   ,   .
2 2
11 3
LHS of (iii) : 11      7  RHS of (iii) .
2 2
That means, the lines PR and QS will intersect each other.
 1
Therefore, the required point of intersection is  8, 3,   .
 2
OR
x 1 y  3 z  2
(b) Let required line l be   , where a, b, c are direction ratios of this line.
a b c
x y z x  2 y 1 z 1
Since l is perpendicular to both the lines   and   .
1 2 3 3 2 5
So, by using a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2  0 we have a  2b  3c  0 and 3a  2b  5c  0
7a
On solving these equations, we get b   , c  2a .
2
7a
That means, the direction ratios of line l will be a,  , 2a i.e., 2,  7, 4 .
2
x 1 y  3 z  2
Hence, required line l is   .
2 7 4

And, its vector equation is r  î  3jˆ  2kˆ  (2iˆ  7ˆj  4k)
ˆ .
Since we have to find the distance of line l from origin so, P(0, 0, 0) say.

A point on the line l is A(–1, 3, –2) and the line is parallel to vector b  2iˆ  7ˆj  4kˆ .

That is, A P  î  3jˆ  2kˆ .
î ˆj kˆ
   
A P  b  1 3 2  2iˆ  kˆ  A P  b  4  1  5 and;
2 7 4

b  4  49  16  69 .
 
A P b 5
Required distance of line l from origin   
b 69
5 345
units or units .
69 69
Note : We may find foot of perpendicular drawn from origin on the line l and then obtain the
required distance by using distance formula (x 2  x1 )2  (y 2  y1 ) 2  (z 2  z1 )2 .
34. Using integration, find the area of region bounded by line y  3x , the curve y  4  x 2 and
y-axis in first quadrant.
Sol. y  4  x 2 can be rewritten as x 2  y 2  4 , which represents a circle of radius 2 units having
centre at origin.

Solving y  3x and x 2  y 2  4 , we get

We get x 2  3x 2  4  x 2  1
 x  1 (in first quadrant, x  0 ).
Clearly, y  3 .
Point of intersection will be (1, 3) .
3 2
1
Required area   y dy   4 – y 2 dy
3 0 3
2
1 2 3 y 4 y
 y   4 – y 2  sin 1 
2 3  0 2 2 2 3
1   3  
 3  0  0  2     2    Sq.units .
2 3  2  2 3 3
35. A function f :[4, 4]  [0, 4] is given by f (x)  16  x 2 . Show that f is an onto function but
not a one-one function. Further, find all possible values of ‘a’ for which f (a)  7 .
Sol. Note that, f (2)  16  22  12, f (2)  16  (2)2  12 .
That is, f (2)  f (2) but 2  2 . Hence, f is not one-one.
Let y  f (x)  16  x 2 , y  [0, 4]
 y 2  16  x 2
 x 2  16  y 2
 x   16  y 2  [4, 4]  y  [0, 4] .
That is, range  codomain.
Therefore, f is onto function.
As f (a)  7  16  a 2  7
 16  a 2  7
 a2  9  a  3 .
SECTION E
(Question numbers 36 to 38 carry 4 marks each.)
This section contains three Case-study / Passage based questions.
First two questions have three sub-parts (i), (ii) and (iii) of marks 1, 1 and 2 respectively.
Third question has two sub-parts of 2 marks each.
CASE STUDY I
36. Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all the points of a piston
engine. The piston moves inside the cylinder bore.

The cylinder bore in the form of circular cylinder open at the top is to be made from a metal
sheet of area 75 cm 2 .
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) If the radius of cylinder is r cm and height is h cm , then write the volume V of cylinder in
terms of radius r .
dV
(ii) Find .
dr
(iii) Find the radius of cylinder when its volume is maximum.
OR
(iii) For maximum volume, h  r. State true or false and justify.
Sol. (i) As the cylinder is open at the top so, 2 r h   r 2  75 cm 2 .
75   r 2 75  r 2
h 
2 r 2r
75  r 2
Now volume of cylinder, V   r 2 h   r 2 
2r
 (75r  r 3 )
V .
2
dV  (75  3r 2 )
(ii)  .
dr 2
dV  (75  3r 2 ) d 2 V  (0  3  2r)
(iii) As  so,   (3 r)
dr 2 dr 2 2
dV  (75  3r 2 )
For  0,  0  (75  3r 2 )  0  r  5 cm
dr 2
 d2V 
Note that,  2   (15 )  0
 dr  at r 5
Clearly, V is maximum when r  5 cm .
OR
2 2
dV  (75  3r ) d V  (0  3  2r)
(iii) As  so,   (3 r)
dr 2 dr 2 2
dV  (75  3r 2 )
For  0, 0
dr 2
 (75  3r 2 )  0  r  5 cm
 d2V 
Note that,  2   (15 )  0
 dr  at r 5
Clearly, V is maximum when r  5 cm .
75  r 2 75  25
Now h    5 cm .
2r 10
That means, h  r .
Hence, the statement ‘For maximum volume, h  r. ’ is false.
CASE STUDY II
37. Recent studies suggest that roughly 12% of the world population is left handed.

Depending upon the parents, the chances of having a left handed child are as follows :
A: When both father and mother are left handed :
Chances of left handed child is 24%.
B: When father is right handed and mother is left handed :
C: When father is left handed and mother is right handed :
D: When both father and mother are right handed :
1
Assuming that P(A)  P(B)  P(C)  P(D)  and L denotes the event that child is left handed.
4
Based on the above information, answer the following equations.
(i) Find P(L | C) .
(ii) Find P(L | A) .
(iii) Find P(A | L) .
OR
(iii) Find the probability that a randomly selected child is left handed given that exactly one of
the parents is left handed.
Sol. (i) P(L | C)  17%  0.17 .
(ii)  P(L | A)  24%  P(L | A)  1  P(L | A)  76%  0.76 .
P(L | A)P(A)
(iii) P(A | L) 
P(L | A)P(A)  P(L | B)P(B)  P(L | C)P(C)  P(L | D)P(D)
(using Bayes’ theorem
1
24% 
 P(A | L)  4
1 1 1 1
24%   22%   17%   9% 
4 4 4 4
24
 P(A | L) 
24  22  17  9
24 1
 P(A | L)   .
72 3
OR
(iii) P(L | B)  P(L | C)  22%  17%  39%  0.39 .
CASE STUDY III
38. The use of electric vehicles will curb air pollution in the long run.

The use of electric vehicle is increasing every year and estimated electric vehicles in use at any
time t is given by the function V :
1 5
V(t)  t 3  t 2  25t  2
5 2
where t represent the time and t  1, 2, 3,... corresponds to year 2001, 2002, 2003, ...
respectively.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Can the above function be used to estimate number of vehicles in the year 2000? Justify.
(ii) Prove that the function V(t) is an increasing function.
Sol. (i) Since t represents the time and t  1, 2, 3,... corresponds to year 2001, 2002, 2003, ...
respectively. So, for year 2000, value of t must be 0.
1 5
That means, V(0)   03   02  25  0  2  2 , which does not make any sense.
5 2
So, the function V can not be used to estimate number of vehicles in the year 2000.
3 3t 2  25t  125
(ii) On differentiating, V(t)  t 2  5t  25 
5 5
2
(6t  25)  875
 V(t) 
60
2 (6t  25) 2  875
Since (6t  25) will never be a negative quantity so, V (t)    0.
60
Hence, the function V(t) is an increasing function.
 Q.P. Code - 65/2/2

d 3
01. If f (x)  2 x  and f (1)  1, then f (x) is
dx x
3
(a) x 2  3log x  1 (b) x 2  3log x (c) 2  (d) x 2  3log x  4
x2
 3
Sol. (b) On rewriting, d[f (x)]   2 x   dx
 x
 3
On integrating,  d[f (x)]    2 x   dx
 x
2
 f (x)  x  3log x  c
As f (1)  1, f (1)  12  3log 1  c  c  0
Hence, f (x)  x 2  3log x .
    
05. If in ABC, BA  2a and BC  3b, then AC is

       
(a) 2a  3b (b) 2a  3b (c) 3b  2a (d) 2a  3b
Sol. (c) By using triangular law of vector addition
  
BA  AC  BC
  
 2a  AC  3b
  
 AC  3b  2a .
     
06. If a  b  3 and a  b  3 , then angle between a and b is
2   5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 3 6
 
ab 3
Sol. (d) Consider   
a b 3
 
a b sin  1
   
a b cos  3
1
 tan   
3
5
 .
6
07. Equation of line passing through origin and making 30, 60 and 90 with x, y, z axes
respectively is
2x y z 2x 2y z 2y z 2x 2y z
(a)   (b)   (c) 2x   (d)  
3 2 0 3 1 0 3 1 3 1 1
3 1
Sol. (b) The direction cosines of the line : cos30, cos 60, cos90 i.e., , ,0.
2 2
x y z 2x 2y z
The required equation of line passing through origin is   i.e.,   .
3 1 0 3 1 0
2 2
2
08. If A and B are two events such that P(A | B)  2  P(B | A) and P(A)  P(B)  , then P(B) is
3
equal to
2 7 4 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 9 9
P(A B) P(A  B)
Sol. (a) P(A | B)  2  P(B | A) means,  2  P(A)  2  P(B)
P(B) P(A)
2 2
Now P(A)  P(B)  means, 2 P(B)  P(B) 
3 3
2
 P(B)  .
9
15. If A is a 2  3 matrix such that AB and AB both are defined, then order of the matrix B is
(a) 2  2 (b) 2  1 (c) 3  2 (d) 3  3
Sol. (d) Let order of B be m  n .
Since AB is defined so, m  3 ; also AB is defined so, n  3 .
Therefore, order of B is 3  3 .

23. If the equation of a line is x  ay  b, z  cy  d , then find the direction ratios of the line and a
point on the line.
Sol. x  ay  b, z  cy  d
xb zd
  y, y
a c
x b y zd
  
a 1 c
Hence, the direction ratios of the line will be a, 1, c .
Also, a point on this line will be (b, 0, d) .
25. If the circumference of circle is increasing at the constant rate, prove that rate of change of area
of circle is directly proportional to its radius.
dC
Sol. Let  k, where k is constant and C denote the circumference of circle
dt
d
 (2 r)  k
dt
dr dr k
 2  k  
dt dt 2
Now area of circle, A   r 2
dA dr k
  2 r   2 r  kr
dt dt 2
dA
Hence,  r.
dt
29. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically.
Maximize : Z  x  2y
Subject to constraints :
x  2y  100,
2x  y  0,
2x  y  200,
x  0, y  0.
Sol. Consider the diagram below.
Corner points Value of Z  x  2y

A(0, 50) 100
B(20, 40) 100
C(50, 100) 250
D(0, 200) 400  Max.
Therefore, maximum value of Z is 400 and it

is obtained at (0, 200).

1
4
30. (a) Evaluate x  x dx .
1
OR
1
sin x
(b) Find  (1  x
2 3/2
dx .
)
1 0 1 0 1
4 4
Sol. (a) x  x dx  x  x dx   x  x dx   (x  x) dx   (x 4  x) dx
4 4
1 1 0 1 0
0 1
 x5 x 2   x5 x2 
      
5 2  1  5 2 0
  1 1    1 1  
  (0)            (0) 
  5 2    5 2  
1 1 1 1
     1.
5 2 5 2
OR
1
 sin x
(b) Let I   2 3/ 2
dx (Put sin 1 x    sin   x  dx  cos d
 (1  x )
 
I   2 3/ 2
cos d
 (1  sin )

I  cos d
 cos 3 
 I    sec 2 d
 d 
 I    sec 2 d    [] sec 2 d  d
 d 
 I   tan    tan d
sin 
 I    log cos   c
cos 
sin 
 I    log 1  sin 2   c
2
1  sin 
1
x sin x x sin 1 x 1
I   log 1  x 2  c or, I   log 1  x 2  c .
1 x 2
1 x 2 2
 1  sin x 
31. Find  e x   dx .
 1  cos x 
  1  sin x 
Sol. Let I   e x   dx
  1  cos x 
  x x
 1  2sin cos

 I   ex  2 2  dx

2 x
  2 sin 
  2 

  2 x 
 cosec
 x 2 x
Ie   cot  dx
 2 2

  
x
x cosec2
Note that, f (x)   cot , f (x)  2
2 2
x
By using  e x  f (x)  f (x) dx  e x f (x)  c , we get I  e x cot
c.
2
33. Using integration, find the area of triangle whose vertices are (1, 1), (0, 5) and (3, 2).
Sol. Let A(1, 1), B(0, 5) and C(3, 2).
y 1 5 1
Equation of AB : 
x  1 0 1
 y  4x  5
y 5 25
Equation of BC : 
x  0 30
 y  5 x
y 1 2 1
Equation of CA : 
x 1 3 1
x 5
y
4
0 3 3
(x  5)
Required area, ar(ABC)   (4x  5)dx   (5  x)dx   dx
1 0 1
4
2 0 3 3
 (4x  5)   (5  x)  1  (x  5)2 
2
       
 8  1   2  0 4  2  1
1 1 1
  25  1   4  25   64  16
8 2 8
21 15
 3 6  Sq.units .
2 2
 Q.P. Code - 65/2/3

      
01. If the angle between a and b is and a  b  3 3, then the value of a  b is
3
1 1
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) (d)
9 3
    
Sol. (b) a  b  3 3  a b sin  3 3
3
  3  
 a b 3 3  a b  6.
2
     1
Now a  b  a b cos  6   3 .
3 2
02. The position vectors of three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are A(4i  2j  6k),

B(5i  3j  k)
 and C(12i  4j  5k).
 The position vector of D is given by

(a) 3i  5j  10k (b) 21i  3j (c) 11i  9j  2k (d) 11i  9j  2k
 
Sol. (c) AB  î  5ˆj  7k,ˆ BC  7iˆ  7ˆj  4kˆ
 
 î  5ˆj  7kˆ  OC  OD

 OD  (12i  4j  5k)   (iˆ  5jˆ  7k)
ˆ

 OD  11i  9j  2k .
1 3 B
03. If for two events A and B, P(A  B)  and P(A)  , then P   is equal to
5 5 A
1 3 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 5 5 3
Sol. (d) P(A  B)  P(A)  P(A  B)
1 3
   P(A  B)
5 5
2
 P(A  B) 
5
B
  P(A  B) 2/5 2
 P     .
A P(A) 3/5 3
2  /2
2 2
04. If  cos x dx  k  cos x dx , then the value of k is
0 0
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0

2
Sol. (a) Let f (x)  cos x
 f (2  x)  cos 2 (2  x)  cos 2 x  f (x)
2 / 2  / 2
2
So,  cos x dx  k  cos 2 x dx implies, 2 cos 2 x dx  k  cos 2 x dx
0 0 0 0
2 2
Also, f (  x)  cos (  x)  cos x  f (x)
/ 2  /2
So, 2  2  cos x dx  k  cos 2 x dx
2
k  4 .
0 0
10. Number of symmetric matrices of order 3  3 with each entry 1 or –1 is

(a) 512 (b) 64 (c) 8 (d) 4
 a11 a12 a13 
Sol. (b) Let A   a 21 a 22 a 23 
a 
 31 a 32 a 33 
If A is symmetric matrix, then a12  a 21 , a13  a 31 , a 23  a 32
Clearly we have 2 ways to fill a11 , a12 , a13 , a 22 , a 23 and, a 33 each.
This can be done in 26 ways.
So, total no. of symmetric matrices with elements 1 or, –1 are 64.
18. Equation of a line passing through point (1, 2, 3) and equally inclined to the coordinate axes, is
x y z x y z
(a)   (b)  
1 2 3 1 1 1
x 1 y 1 z 1 x 1 y  2 z  3
(c)   (d)  
1 2 3 1 1 1
Sol. (d) Since the line is equally inclined to the coordinate axes, so cos2   cos2   cos2   1
1
 cos   (     
3
1 1 1
That is, the direction cosines of this line will be , , .
3 3 3
x 1 y  2 z  3
Hence, equation of the line passing through point (1, 2, 3) , is  
1 1 1
3 3 3
x 1 y  2 z  3
That is,   is the required equation of line.
1 1 1
21. If points A, B and C have position vectors 2i,  j and 2k respectively, then show that ABC is
an isosceles triangle.
  
Sol. Here AB  2iˆ  ˆj , BC  ˆj  2kˆ and CA  2iˆ  2kˆ
   
Note that, AB  BC  CA  0 .
 
Also, AB  4  1  5 and CB  1  4  5 .
 
As AB  CB so, ABC is an isosceles triangle.
23. If equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base 10 cm are increasing at the rate of
4 cm/sec, how fast is the area of triangle increasing at an instant when all sides become equal?
Sol. Let AB  AC  x cm, BC  10 cm .
dx
Given that  4 cm/ sec .
dt
Draw AD  BC .
2
2  BC  2
In ADB, AD  AB     x  25
 2 
1 1
 ar(ABC), A   BC  AD   10  x 2  25
2 2
dA 2x dx
  5 
dt 2 x 2  25 dt
dA 5x
  4
dt x 2  25
dA 20x
 
dt x 2  25
dA  20  10 200 40
    
dt  at x 10 cm 100  25 5 3 3
dA   40 3  2
   
  cm /sec .
dt  at x 10 cm  3 
 40 3  2
Hence the area is increasing at the rate of   cm /sec .
 3 
26. Solve the following Linear Programming problem graphically.
Maximize : Z  3x  3.5y
Subject to constraints :

x  2y  240,
3x  1.5y  270,
1.5x  2y  310,
x  0, y  0.
Sol. Consider the graph shown below.
Corner points Value of Z  3x  3.5y

A(40, 100) 470
B(20, 140) 550
C(140, 50) 595  Maximum value
Therefore, the maximum value of Z is 595 and

it is obtained at (140, 50).
x2
27. (a) Find  dx.
2
x  4x  5
OR
a x
9
(b) Evaluate  f (x) dx, where f (x)  .
a 1  9x
x2
Sol. (a) Let I   dx
2
x  4x  5
1 (2x  4)  8
I  dx
2 x 2  4x  5
1 (2x  4) 8 
 I   dx   dx 
2  x 2  4x  5 x 2  4x  5 
1 (2x  4) 8 
 I   dx   dx 
2  x 2  4x  5 (x  2)2  9 
1

 I  2 x 2  4x  5  8log x  2  (x  2) 2  9  c
2 
 I  x 2  4x  5  4log x  2  x 2  4x  5  c .
OR
a a x
9
(b) Let I   f (x) dx   1  9 x
dx ...(i)
a a

a
9 a  a  x
I   a a  x dx
a 1  9
a a
9 x 1
I  a 1  9 x dx  a 9x  1 dx ...(ii)
a
 9x 1 
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 2 I    x
 x  dx
a 
1 9 9 1 
a
a
 2I   (1) dx   x 
a
a
 a  ( a) I a.
31. (a) Two numbers are selected from first six even natural numbers at random without
replacement. If X denotes the greater of two numbers selected, find the probability distribution
of X.
OR
(b) A fair coin and an unbiased die are tossed. Let A be the event, “Head appears on the coin’
and B be the event, “ 3 comes on the die”. Find whether A and B are independent events or not.
Sol. (a) First six even natural numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.
Total no. of possible ways of selecting 2 numbers out of first 6 even natural numbers  6 C 2  15 .
Since X denotes the greater of the two numbers selected from 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and, 12.
So, values of X : 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.
When X = 4 then, we can select just one more no. form first six even natural numbers, which is 2
(as we can select only 2 nos.). This can be done in 1 C1 way.
When X = 6 then, we can select just one more no. form first six even natural numbers, which is
either 2 or 4 (as we can select only 2 nos.). This can be done in 2 C1 ways.
either 2 or 4 or 6 (as we can select only 2 nos.). This can be done in 3 C1 ways.
either 2 or 4 or 6 or 8 (as we can select only 2 nos.). This can be done in 4 C1 ways.
either 2 or 4 or 6 or 8 or 10 (as we can select only 2 nos.). This can be done in 5 C1 ways.
Therefore, the table for Probability distribution is as follows
X 4 6 8 10 12
1 2 3 4 5
P(X) C1 1 C1 2 C1 3 C1 4 C1 5
    
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
Note that, favorable outcomes when X = 4 : (4, 2).
Favorable outcomes when X = 6 : (6, 2), (6, 4).
Favorable outcomes when X = 8 : (8, 2), (8, 4), (8, 6).
Favorable outcomes when X = 10 : (10, 2), (10, 4), (10, 6), (10, 8).
Favorable outcomes when X = 12 : (12, 2), (12, 4), (12, 6), (12, 8), (12, 10).
OR
(b) A  {(H,1), (H, 2), (H,3), (H, 4), (H,5), (H, 6)}, B  {(H,3), (T,3)}, A  B  {(H,3)}
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
So, P(A)              6    ;
2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
P(B)      2    ; P(A  B)    .
2 6 2 6 2 6 6 2 6 12
1 1 1
As P(A)  P(B)     P(A  B) .
2 6 12
Hence, the events A and B are independent events.
x 2 y2 x y
35. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the curves   1 and   1, using
25 16 5 4
integration.
x 2 y2 x y
Sol. Given   1 and   1.
25 16 5 4
It is clear that ellipse and line shall intersect each
other at (5, 0) and (0, 4).
5 5
4 4
 Required area   25  x 2 dx   (5  x)dx
50 50
5
4 x 25 x 4 5
   25  x 2  sin 1    (5  x)2 
5 2 2 5  0 10 0
4   25    4
   0      0  0    0  25
5 2 2  10
  (5   10) Sq.units .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
With regards,
O.P. GUPTA
Author & Math Mentor
Indira Award Winner
 The O.P. Gupta Advanced Math Classes
@ Think Academy, Najafgarh
Telegram / WhatsApp : +919650350480
YouTube.com/MathematiciaByOPGupta
# This Series EF1GH/2 is of Noida, Bangalore, Prayagraj and Ajmer region.

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Disclaimer : All care has been taken while preparing this solution draft. Solutions have been verified
by prominent academicians having vast knowledge and experience in teaching of Math. Still if any
error is found, please bring it to our notice.
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CBSE 2023 EXAMINATIONS

XII MATHEMATICS (041)

 Q.P. Code - 65/2/1

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 1

2 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

2i 3j 6k 2i 3j 6k

point A is 2i  3j  4k, then position vector of the point B is

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 3

4 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

Sol. (c) z max  a(4)  b(6)  42  2a  3b  21 …(i)

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 5

Note that, the dotted portion shown in graph is

6 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 7

 e f (x)  f (x) dx  e f (x)  c we get : I  e ( cot t)  c

8 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 9

10 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 11

The diagonals of parallelogram are PR and QS.

That is, 8  4  2  5  8  2  1 ...(i)

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 13

Solving y  3x and x 2  y 2  4 , we get

14 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 15

16 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

 Q.P. Code - 65/2/2

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 17

18 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

Corner points Value of Z  x  2y

Therefore, maximum value of Z is 400 and it

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 19

20 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

 Q.P. Code - 65/2/3

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 21

(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0

10. Number of symmetric matrices of order 3  3 with each entry 1 or –1 is

MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 23

Corner points Value of Z  3x  3.5y

Therefore, the maximum value of Z is 595 and

24 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

# This Series EF1GH/2 is of Noida, Bangalore, Prayagraj and Ajmer region.

26 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics

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