TANTRA YUKTI

DR. BHARATESH KURUNDAWADE

M.D. (AYU)
PROFESSOR, DEPT.OF SAMHITA & SIDDHANTA
SHRI J.G.CO-OP HOSPITAL SOCIETY’S
AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, GHATAPRABHA.
INTRODUCTION:

 Tantrayuktis were written to understand the two most

important Samhitas of Ayurveda (Charaka, Sushruta) to
ease the study of granthas.
 A person studying these granthas without proper
knowledge of tantrayukti, may harm himself by
incorrect interpretation, like a person handling weapons
without skill.
 Inappropriate study of Shastra by chikistaka gives
inadequate knowledge which may render harm to the
patients.
 Hence, tantrayukti are mentioned to get proper
knowledge of pros and cons of Ayurvedic treatise.
DEFINATION

“त्रायते शरीरमनेनतत तन्त्त्रं शास्त्त्रं चिकित्सा ि,

तस्त्य यक्
ु तयो योजनास्त्त्रन्त्त्रयक्
ु तय:॥”
धाययते…A.Hr
 The word Tantrayukti is formed from two words
 Tantra and Yukti.
 ‘Tantra’ – The one which protect and support our
body is called as tantra, shastra chikitsa are
paryayas.
 ‘Yukti’ – planning or working in organized manner. ‘
 Tantrayukti – it means planning of writing or
reading a treatise.
PRAYOJANA

“यथाअम्बुजवनस्त्यातय:
प्रदीपो वेश्मनो यथा।
प्रबोधनप्रताशाथोस्त्तथा
तन्त्त्रस्त्य युक्तय:॥” cha Si 12

 प्रबोधनाद्ववस्त्तरता.....
 ू ं प्रताशयन्त्तीतत.....
गड
Conti..

 वाक्ययोजनमथययोजनं िेतत वाक्यस्त्यासम्बद्धस्त्य योजनं सम्बन्त्धनं वाक्ययो

जनं, लीनस्त्यासङ्गतस्त्य िाथयस्त्य प्रताशनं सङ्गतीतरणं िाथययोजनम|्

While describing the importance of Tantrayukti in the study of any Shastra,

Acharya Sushruta explains that it is essential for Vakyayojana, and
Arthayojana.

 ▪ Vakyayojana: Rearrangement of sentences

In texts, some sentences are placed at different places and at first sight
they reflect to be mutually not related to each other. The tools help to plan
these sentences in regular order and thereafter. The messages of the
sentences become clear.

 Arthayojana: Rearrangement of word meaning

In some places the meaning of any word is not clear or fit to the references
Conti..

 असद्वाददप्रयक् ु तानां वाक्यानां प्रततषेधनम ् |

स्त्ववाक्यससद्चधरवप ि किियते तन्त्त्रयक्ु क्ततः||५||

व्यक्ता नोक्तास्त्तु ये ह्याथाय लीना ये िाप्यतनमयलाः |
लेशोक्ता ये ि तेचि्स्त्यस्त्
ु तेषां िावप प्रसाधनम ् ||६||

 Contradicting and condemning statements of unskilled

scholars and helps in establishing ones opinion with
proper reasoning.
 Exploring and understanding the hidden meanings of
unclear or brief statements and theories
IMPORTANCE

“अधीयानोऽवप शास्त्त्राणण तन्त्त्रयक्

ु ्या ववना सिषत् |
नाचधगच्छतत शास्त्त्राथायनथायन ् िाग्यक्षयये यथा||

दग
ु हयग ीतं क्षक्षयणो्येव शास्त्त्रं शस्त्त्रसमवाबध
ु म ्|
सगु हग ीतं तदेव ज्ञं शास्त्त्रं शस्त्त्रं ि रक्षयतत||
TANTRAYUKTI

 तत्राचधतरणं योगो हे्वथोऽथयः पदस्त्य ि||

प्रदेशोद्देशतनदेशवाक्यशेषाः प्रयोजनम ्|
उपदेशापदेशाततदेशाथायपवितनणययाः||
प्रसङ्गैतान्त्तनैतान्त्ताः सापवगो ववपयययः|
पव ू प
य क्षयववधानानम
ु तव्याख्यानसंशयाः||
अतीतानागतावेक्षयास्त्वसञ्ज्ज्ञोह्यसमुच्ियाः|
तनदशयनं तनवयिनं सक्न्त्नयोगो ववतल्पनम ्||
प्र्यु्सारस्त्तथोद्धारः सम्िवस्त्तन्त्त्रयुक्तयः|
Adhikarana:

❑ Topic/ Chapter

➢ A chapter of a particular topic or subject is known as

(Adhikaran).
➢ The subject matter taken as the main topic is described in
detail in the particular Adhikaran.
➢ Shastra/samhita-Sthana-Adhyaya-Sutra-Pada

E.g. The chapter that describes a roga (disease) is named by

that particular disease – rogadhikar viz; jwaradhikar,
shwasadhikar.
Conti…

 ये तत्र यमथयमचधतग्योच्यते तदचधतरणं; यथा रसं दोषं वा |

 अचधतरणं नाम यमथयमचधतग्य प्रवतयते तताय;

यथा “ववघ्निूता यदा रोगा” (सू.अ.१) इ्यादद| अत्र रोगाददतम
चधतग्यायुवेदो महवषयसिः तगत इतत ‘रोगाः’ इ्यचधतरणम|्
Yoga

Conjoiner
 In Sanskrit verses, the words may not be in the order that
they actually are meant to describe as they are more in
poetic forms.
 Hence, combining or joining words to give a proper
meaning is necessary.
 In simple terms, it means rearrangement of words to
bring about a meaningful sentence is Yoga.
 This is known as Yoga or Yojan.
Conti..

 येन वाक्यं यज्ु यते स योगः |

यथा-
‘तैलं वपबेच्िामतग वक्ल्लतनम्बदहंस्राियावक्षय
ग तवपप्पली
सिः |
ससद्धं बलाभयां ि सदेवदारु दहताय तन्यं गलगण्ड
रोगे’ |
इ्यत्र तैलं ससद्धं वपबेददतत प्रथमं वक्तव्ये तत ग ीयपा
दे ससद्धसमतत प्रयक्ु तं, एवं दरू स्त्थानामवप पदानामेती
तरणं योगः
Conti..

 योगो नाम योजना व्यस्त्तानां पदानामेतीतरणम ्| उदाहर

णं तावद्यथा- प्रततज्ञाहे तद
ू ाहरणोपनयतनगमनातन;

प्रततज्ञा- मातज ग श्िायं गियः,

हे तःु - मातरमन्त्तरे ण गिायनप ु पिेः,
दृष्टान्त्तः- तूटागारः,
उपनयःयथा नानाद्रव्यसमद ु ायात ् तूटागारस्त्तथा गियतनवय
तयन.ं
तस्त्मान्त्मातज
ग श्िायसम्येषां प्रततज्ञायोगः
एवमन्त्येऽवप योगाथाय व्याख्येयाः
Hetvartha

Implication
 The inference which is to be fairly understood,
although not expressed in words, by implicating the
resemblance to the fact that has already been told
in other circumstances is Hetvartha.
 The author does not express in actual words, instead
similarity with other contexts is given for the reader
to speculate the implication of those words.
 Greesma rutu charya/Pitta upakrama/ Pittaj jwara
Conti..

 यदन्त्यदक्
ु तमन्त्याथयसाधतं [१] िवतत स हे ्वथयः |

यथा-
मक्ग ्पण्डोऽद्सिः प्रक्क्लघते तथा माषदग्ु धप्रितग तसिर्व्यणः प्र
क्क्लघत इतत |

 हे ्वथो नामयदन्त्यत्रासिदहतमन्त्यत्रोपपद्यते;
यथा-
“समानगण ु ाभयासो दह धातन ू ां वद्
ग चधतारणम”् (स.ू अ.१२)इतत
वातमचधतग्योक्तं, तत्र वातस्त्येतत वक्तव्ये यदयं समानशब्दं
धातूनासमतत तरोतत, तेन यथा वायोस्त्तथा रसादीनामवप स
मानगुणाभयासो वद् ग चधतारणसमतत गम्यते.
Padartha

Meaning of a word or set of words.

 Word or set of word that possess the capacity of

expressing some meaning is known as Padartha.

 Understanding the meaning of word in reference to

that particular context is Padartha.

 One word may have different meanings or

implications too.
e.g Rasa as Dhatu/Parada/Mansa
rasa/Madhuradi/Ahara rasa etc
Conti…

 ऽथोऽसिदहतः सत्र
ू े पदे वा स पदाथयः पदस्त्य पदयोः पदा
नां वाऽथयः पदाथयः;

अपररसमताश्ि पदाथायः |
यथा- स्त्नेहस्त्वेदाञ्ज्जनेषु ,,
‘वेदो्पविमध्यायं व्याख्यास्त्याम’

 पदाथो नाम पदस्त्य पदयोः पदानां वाऽथयः पदाथयः|

तत्र द्रव्यसमततपदे न खादयश्िेतनाषष्ठा उच्यन्त्ते; पदयोर
थो नाम यथा-
‘आयष ु ो वेद’ इतत पदयोरायब
ु ोधतं तन्त्त्रसम्यथयः; एवं प
दानामप्यथय उदाहाययः|
Pradesh

 Vague indication/ Guidelines

 When a particular topic is too large to explain in a

particular context, then it is limited only to the
requirement.
 When the information on a particular subject is vast,
it is briefed in such a way that it acts as an example
for readers, to guide about further details which
can’t be furnished in the treatise.
Conti..

 प्रतगतस्त्याततिान्त्तेन साधनं प्रदे शः |

यथा-
दे वदिस्त्यानेन शल्यमद् ु धत
ग ं तथा
यज्ञदिस्त्याप्ययमद्
ु धररष्यतीतत ||

 प्रदे शो नाम यद्बहु्वादथयस्त्य ता्स्त्न्त्येनासिधातम

ु शक्यमे
तदे शेनासिधीयते;
यथा-
“अन्त्नपानैतदे शोऽयमक्
ु तः प्रायोपयोचगतः’ (स.ू अ.२७)
Uddesha

 Briefness/ concise / abstract

 Expressing things in brief is called Uddesha.

 When some long description is expressed though a
word or two, it is known as Uddesha.
Conti..

 समासविनमुद्देशः |

यथा- शल्यसमतत ||

 उद्देशो नाम सङ्क्षयेपासिधानं;

यथा-
“हेतुसलङ्गौषधज्ञानं” (सू.अ.१),अनेन सवाययुवद
े ासिधे
योद्देशः
Nirdesh

❑ Elaboration

 Description in detail is Nirdesh.

 When a topic is re-written in detail it is known as
Nirdesh.
 Description for the words of Uddesha is Nirdesh
Conti..

 ववस्त्तरविनं तनदे शः |

यथा-
शारीरमागन्त्तत
ु ं िेतत ||

 तनदे शो नाम सङ्ख्येयोक्तस्त्य वववरणं;

यथा-
हे तसु लङ्गौषधस्त्य पन
ु ः प्रपञ्ज्िनं “सवयदा सवयिावानां” इ
्याददना “इ्यक् ु तं तारणं”(स.ू अ.१) इ्यन्त्तेन तारणप्रप
ञ्ज्िनसम्यादद|
Vakyashesha

 Incomplete but understandable sentence

When a sentence is written in short/Partly, but can be

understood completely, it is known as Vakyashesha.
❑ In other words, although unfinished, the sentence
elucidates the entire meaning.
❑ A sentence is shortened, but the meaning is clear.
❑ The words that are omitted or left out, without those the
meaning of the sentence can be understood.
Conti..

 येन पदे नानक्

ु तेन वाक्यं समाप्येत स वाक्यशेषः |

यथा-
सशरः पाणणपादपाश्वयपष्ग ठोदरोरसासम्यक्
ु ते परु
ु षग्रहणं वव
नाऽवप गम्यते परु
ु षस्त्येतत ||

❑ वाक्यशेषो नाम यल्लाघवाथयमािायेण वाक्येषु पदमतगतं

गम्यमानतया पूयत य े;
तथा “जाङ्गलजै रसैः” इ्यत्र मांसशब्दः पय ू त
य े|
वाक्येषु िैत एव पदाः शेषाः किियन्त्ते, येऽतनवेसशता अवप
प्रतीयन्त्ते|
Prayojan

❑ Purposive / objective

 The purpose or motive of elaborating a particular

topic is Prayojan.
Conti..

प्रयोजनं नाम यदथं तामयमानः प्रवतयते;

यथा-
“धातस
ु ाम्यकििया िोक्ता तन्त्त्रस्त्यास्त्य प्रयोजनम ्” (
सू.अ.१)|
Upadesh:

 Advisory statements/guideline/instructions.

 Statements of instruction or directions given by the

authoritative people are also known as Upadesh.
 Such statements may include guidelines / instructions
in determining course action.
 Conti…

❑उपदेशो नामाप्तानुशासनं;
यथा-
“स्त्नेहमग्रे प्रयञ्ज्
ु जीत ततः स्त्वेदमनन्त्तरम ्” (स.ू अ.१३
) इ्यादद|

❑ एवसम्यपु देशः |
यथा-
‘तथा न जागय ग ाद्रात्रौ ददवास्त्वप्नं ि वजययेत ्’ इतत ||
Apadesha

Reasoning a statement

 Apadesh is a statement with reasons.

 Cause and effect are expressed together and the
reader is expected to infer what is correct.
 A valid reason provided for achieving an objective is
Apadesh.
e.g Patyapatya
Prognosis etc
Conti..

 अपदेशो नाम य्प्रततज्ञाताथयसाधनाय हेतव ु िनं;

यथा-
“वाताज्जलं जलाद्देशं देशात ् तालं स्त्विावतः| वव
द्याद्दष्ु पररहायय्वात ्” (वव.अ.३) इ्यादद, तत्र प्रततज्ञा
ताथयस्त्य हेतुविनं- दष्ु पररहायय्वाददतत|

 अनेन तारणेन्े यपदेशः,

यथाऽपददश्यते-
मधुरः श्लेष्माणमसिवधययतीतत |
Atidesha

Probability or foreseen possibility or Future indication

 The foreseen possible event based on the current

situation is known as Atidesha.
 Expressing the relative likelihood of an event
happening.
 Describing a certain condition by providing
information on the foreseen consequences and further
mentioning that the same is applicable in other such
situations too, is known as Atidesha.
Conti..

 प्रतगतस्त्यानागतस्त्य साधनमततदेशः |
यथा-
यतोऽस्त्य वायरु
ु ध्वयमवु िष्ठते तेनोदावतती स्त्याददतत |

 अततदेशो नाम यक््तक्ञ्ज्िदेव प्रताश्याथयमनुक्ताथयसाध

नायैव एवमन्त्यदवप प्र्येतव्यसमतत पररिाष्यते; यथा
-
“यच्िान्त्यदवप कितक्ञ्ज्ित ् स्त्यादनुक्तसमह पूक्जतम ्| व ग
तं तदवप िात्रेयः सदै वाभयनुमन्त्यते” (स.ू अ.८) इतत|
Arthapatti
Presumption.
 Presuming or understanding the unsaid part based

on what has been expressed is known as Arthapatti.

 A particular part of a subject is expressed and

expected from the readers to understand or presume

the implied meaning.
 It is a condition upon which something is presumed.

Arthapatti is also considered as one of the Pramanas.

e.g Ruksha is contraindicated ---Snigdha recomended
Conti…

 यदतीततयतमथायदापद्यते साऽथायपविः |
यथा- ओदनं िोक्ष्ये इ्युक्तेऽथायदापन्त्नं िवतत-
नायं वपपासय
ु व
य ागसू मतत |

 अथायपविनायम यदकितततयतमथायदापद्यते साऽथायपविः;

यथा-
नक्तं दचधिोजनतनषेधः, अथायद्ददवा िञ्ज्
ु जीते्याप
द्यते|
Nirnaya

Making decision / Concluding

 Thoughtful establishment of a meaning after

discussion on various aspects of the subject is
Nirnaya.
 It can be known as the ultimate decision reached after

many rounds of enquiries and arguments or debates.

e.g Final diagnosis going through differential diagnosis
Conti..

 तस्त्योिरं तनणययः |
यथा-
शरीरं प्रपीडय पश्िादधो ग्वा वसामेदोमज्जानवु वद्धं
मत्र
ू ं ववसज ग तत वातः एवमसाध्या वातजा इतत
तथा िोक्तम ्-
तग्स्त्नं शरीरं तनष्पीडय मेदोमज्जावसायत ु ः |
अधः प्रतुप्यते वायस्त्
ु तेनासाध्यास्त्तु वातजाः |

 तनणययो नाम वविाररतस्त्याथयस्त्य व्यवस्त्थापनं;

यथा- ितष्ु पदिेषज्वादद वविारं तग्वाऽसिधीयते-
“यदक्ु तं षोडशतलं पवू ायध्याये िेषजं तद्यक्ु क्तयक्
ु तमल
मारोग्याय” (स.ू अ.१०) इतत|
 Prasanga

Contextual repetition or Restatement in other context

 When a topic is repeated in reference to the

present context or again in further topics, it is known
as Prasanga.
 Sometimes, it becomes obligatory to repeat things
along with the flow of discussion in order to make the
subject understandable. These are occasional essential
repetitions.
Conti..

 प्रतरणान्त्तरे ण समापनं
प्रसङ्गः, यद्वा प्रतरणान्त्तररतो योऽथोऽसतगदक् ु तः
समाप्यते स प्रसङ्गः |
यथा-
पञ्ज्िमहाित ू शरीररसमवायः परु ु षस्त्तक्स्त्मन ् कििया सोऽचधष्ठानसमतत वे
दो्पिावसिधाय, ित ू चिन्त्तायां पनु रुक्तं-
यतोऽसिदहतं पञ्ज्िमहाित ू शरीररसमवायः परू ु ष इतत, स खल्वेष तमय
परुु षक्श्िकित्साचधतगत इतत |

 प्रसङ्गो नाम पव ू ायसिदहतस्त्याथयस्त्य प्रतरणागत्वाददना पन

ु रसिधानं;
यथा-
“तत्राततप्रिावतां दृश्यानाततमात्रदशयनमततयोगः” (स.ू अ.११) एवमाद्य
सिधाय, पन ु ः “अ्यग्र ु शब्दश्रवणाच्रवणात ् सवयशो न ि” (शा.अ.१) इ
्याददना पव ू ोक्त एवाथोऽसिधीयते|
Ekanta
Certainty or Confirmatory statement

 That which is said with conviction is Ekanta.

 In other words, that which declines other opinions or
views and confirms a view with certainty is Ekanta.
 A particular fact or event is mentioned with utmost
specificity. It gives a definitive understanding to the
reader about a particular topic.
e.g Final diagnosis/treatment protocol
Conti..

 (सवयत्र) यदवधारणेनोच्यते स एतान्त्तः |

यथा- त्रत्रवद्
ग ववरेियतत, मदनफलं वामयतत(एव) |

 एतान्त्तो नाम यदवधारणेनोच्यते;

यथा- तनजः शरीरदोषो्थः, त्रत्रवद्

ग ववरेियती्यादद|
Anaikanta

Uncertainty / Ambiguity/ Multiple opinions

 This goes exactly opposite to Ekanta.

 There are certain topics which are expressed differently in
different contexts i.e. there is no certainty in the opinion
or view, this is known as Anaikanta.
 The reader does not get clarity on a particular topic.
While describing dravya, it is said that it may act as a
whole or by its rasa/ virya/vipaka/ prabhav.
 Diagnosis by tridosha/Panchamahaboota
Conti..

 क्वचििथा क्वचिदन्त्यथेतत यः सोऽनेतान्त्तः |

यथा-
तेचिदािायाय ब्रुवते द्रव्यं प्रधानं, तेचिद्रसं, तेचिद्वी
यं तेचिद्ववपातसमतत |

 अनैतान्त्तो नाम अन्त्यतरपक्षयानवधारणं,

यथा-
“ये ह्यातरु ाः तेवलाद्िेषजादृते सियन्त्ते, न ि ते स
वय एव िेषजोपपन्त्नाः समवु िष्ठे रन ्” (स.ू अ.१०) इ्या
दद|
Apavarga
Exception

 When an exception is mentioned for some

generalized theory it is known as Apavarga.
 The rule is usually true, but there are a few
exceptions.
Conti…

 असिव्याप्यापतषयणमपवगयः |
यथा-
अस्त्वेद्या ववषोपसष्ग टाः, अन्त्यत्र तीटववषाददतत |

 अपवगो नाम सातल्येनोद्ददष्टस्त्यैतदे शापतषयणं;

यथा-
“न पयवुय षतान्त्नमाददीतान्त्यत्र मांसहररततशष्ु तशात
फलिक्ष्येभयः” (स.ू अ.८) इतत|
Viparyaya

Reconfirmation of implied meaning/action or Opposite

 This is similar to Arthapatti, but is more confirmative.

Conti..

 यद्यत्रासिदहतं तस्त्य प्राततलोम्यं ववपयययः |

यथा-
तगशाल्पप्राणिीरवो दक्ु श्िकित्स्त्या इ्यक्
ु ते ववपरीतं
गह्ग यते दृढादयः सचु िकित्स्त्या इतत |

 ववपयययो नाम अपतगष्टात ् प्रतीपोदाहरणं; यथा-

“तनदानोक्तान्त्यस्त्य नोपशेरते ववपरीतातन िोपशेरते”
(तन.अ.३) इतत|
 Purvapaksha

Objection / Questioning

 Act of objecting or cross questioning is Purvapaksha.

 An act of objecting or a statement expressing
objection to an earlier statement is Purvapaksha.
Conti..

 आक्षयेपपूवत
य ः प्रश्नः पूवप
य क्षयः |
यथा-
तथं वाततनसमिाश्ि्वारः प्रमेह असाध्या िवन्त्तीतत|

 पव ू प
य क्षयो नाम प्रततज्ञाताथयसन्त्दष
ू तं वाक्यं;
यथा-
“म्स्त्यान्त्न पयसाऽभयवहरेत ्” इतत प्रततज्ञातस्त्याथय
स्त्य “सवायनव े म्स्त्यान्त्न पयसाऽभयवहरेदन्त्यत्र चिसल
चिमात ्” (सू.अ.२६) इतत|
Vidhan

 Sequential statement/interpretation of a particular

topic
 Explanation of a particular topic given in a
sequential manner as required for the context is
called Vidhan.
 Such arrangement in sequence / order / category is
essential for proper and better understanding of the
topic.
Conti..

 प्रतरणानप
ु व्ू यायऽसिदहतं ववधानम ् |

यथा-
सक्क्थममायण्येतादश प्रतरणानुपूव्यायऽसिदहतातन |

 ववधानं नाम सूत्रतारश्ि ववधाय वणययतत;

यथा-
रसरुचधरमांसमेदोक्स्त्थमज्जशुिाणामु्पादिमानुरोधे
नासिधानम ्|
Anumat:

Consideration/Acceptance of others opinions

 Taking in to account or accepting opinion of other

scholars without any objection is Anumat.
Conti..

 परमतमप्रततवषद्धमनम ु तम ् |
यथा- अन्त्यो ब्रय
ू ात ्-
सप्त रसा इतत, तच्िाप्रततषेधादनुमन्त्यते तथक्ञ्ज्िदद
तत |

 अनमु तं नाम एतीयमतस्त्यातनवारणेनानुमननं;

यथा-
“गियशल्यस्त्य जरायुःप्रपातनं तमय संशमनसम्येते”
 Vyakhyan

Explanation/ elaboration can be understood by common

man
 Elaborating a particular topic to the level which can

be understood even by a person with lowest level

of intellect is known as Vyakhyan.
 Explaining the meanings in between the words, (not

expressed clearly) in detail with all technicalities is

known as Vyakhyan.
Conti..

 तन्त्त्रेऽततशयोपवणयनं व्याख्यानम ् |
यथा-
इह पञ्ज्िववंशतततः पुरूषो व्याख्यायते, अन्त्येष्वायुवे
दतन्त्त्रेषु िूताददप्रि्ग यारभय चिन्त्ता |

 व्याख्यानं नाम यत ् सवयबद्ु ध्यववषयं व्याकिियते, य

था-
“प्रथमे मासस सम्मूतछय तः सवयधातुतलष ु ीतगतः खेटिू
तो िव्यव्यक्तववग्रहः”
Samshaya
Uncertainty / Doubt

 In between two contradictory statements about a

topic when there arises a question of which one to
accept, it is known as doubt (samshaya).
 When multiple options / alternatives about a topic
are given, there arises a doubt of which one to
accept. This is known as Samshaya.
Conti..

 उियहेतदु शयनं संशयः |

यथा -
तलहृदयासिघातः प्राणहरः, पाणणपादच्छे दनमप्राणहर
समतत |

 संशयो नाम ववशेषाताङ्क्षयातनधायररतोियववषयज्ञानं,

यथा-
“मातरं वपतरं िैते मन्त्यन्त्ते जन्त्मतारणम ्| स्त्विावं
परतनमायणं यदृच्छां िापरे जनाः||”
Atitavekshana
Retrospection / Revisiting theolder concepts

 When an author refers to the previously described

topics again in the present context, it is known as
Atitavekshan. i.e. going back to the previous chapters
for the reference.
Conti..

 य्पव
ू म
य क्
ु तं तदततिान्त्तावेक्षयणम ् |

यथा- चिकितक््सतेषु ब्रय

ू ात ्-
श्लोतस्त्थाने यदीररतसमतत |

अतीतावेक्षयणं नाम यदतीतमेवोच्यते;

यथा-
“सा तुटी तच्ि शयनं ज्वरं संशमय्यवप”(चि.अ.३)
इ्यत्र स्त्वेदाध्यायववदहततुट्याददतमतीतमवेक्षयते
Anagatavekshana:

 Anticipation/Prospective referencing

 When an author suggests readers to refer the

current topic in forth coming chapters, it is known as
Anagatavekshan.
i.e. going forward to get the references.
 Mention of referring a forth coming chapter for the
details regarding the present context is
Anagatavekshan.
Conti

 एवं वक्ष्यती्यनागतावेक्षयणम ् |

यथा- श्लोतस्त्थाने ब्रूयात ्- चिकितक््सतेषु वक्ष्यामीतत

अनागतावेक्षयणं नाम यदनागतं ववचधं प्रमाणणतग्याथय

साधनं;
यथा-
“अथवा ततक्तसवपयषः” इ्याद्यन?गतावेक्षयणेनोच्यते|
Svasandnya

 Scientific/technical Terminologies

 The technical terminologies pertaining to a

particular science, which have meanings different
from other literatures or general terminologies are
swasandnya.
Conti..

 अन्त्यशास्त्त्रासामान्त्या स्त्वसञ्ज्ज्ञा |

यथा
समथन
ु समतत मधस
ु वपयषोग्रयगणं; लोतप्रससद्धमद
ु ाहरणं
वा

 स्त्वसञ्ज्ज्ञा नाम या तन्त्त्रतारै व्ययवहाराथं सञ्ज्ज्ञा किियते

यथा- जेन्त्तातहोलाताददता सञ्ज्ज्ञा

 Uhya

 Understanding based on logic / Logical thinking

❑ When something has not been mentioned in the

literature but is to be understood on the basis of
intelligence and logic is known as uhya.
❑ Understanding a topic and bringing into practice
based on the need and utility according to the
circumstances is uhya.
Conti..

 यदतनददय ष्टं बुद्धयाऽवगम्यते तदह्ू यम ् |

अन्त्नेन िक्ष्यमवरुद्धं, घनसाधम्यायत ्; पेयेन लेह्यं, द्र
वसाधम्यायत ् ||४०|

 ऊह्यं नाम यदतनबद्धं ग्रन्त्थे प्रज्ञया तक्यय्वेनोपददश्य

ते; यथा-
“पररसङ्ख्यातमवप यद्यद् द्रव्यमयौचगतं मन्त्येत ति
दपतषययेत ्”
Samucchaya

 Grouping based on certain criteria

 Mention of different things with a small common

factor in one context is Samuchhaya. It is grouping
things with some common element.
Conti..

 इदं िेदं िेतत समच्

ु ियः |

यथा-
मांसवगे एणहररणादयो लावततविररशारङ्गश्ि प्रधा
नानीतत

 समुच्ियो नाम यदददं िेदं िेतत तग्वा ववधीयते;

यथा- ‘वणयश्ि स्त्वरश्ि’ (इ.अ.१) इ्यादद|

 Nidarshana:

Examples which can be understood by low IQ people

❑ Explaining something with such illustrations and

examples which are understandable to both wise and
fools is Nidarshana.
❑ Establishing a fact with popular examples is
Nidarshana.
❑ Clarifying something by giving or serving as, an
example or comparison is Nidarshana.
❑ Generally the similes used are so common that it can be
understood by all grades of people
 Conti..

 दृष्टान्त्तव्यक्क्ततनयदशयनम ्|
यथा- अक्ग्नवाययन ु ा सदहतः तक्षये
वद्
ग यचध गच्छतत तथा वातवपितफदष्ु टो र्व्ण इतत

 तनदशयनं नाम-
मखू यववदष
ु ां बद्
ु चधसाम्यववषयो दृष्टान्त्तः; यथा-
“ववज्ञातममत ग ं यथा” (स.ू अ.१) इ्यादद|
Nirvachana

 Examples which can be understood by high IQ

people

 Terminology / Definition The definitive derivations

and terminologies which can only be understood by
wise people are known as nirvachan.
 The statements can be understood and interpreted
only by the people of a particular expertise or
profession
Conti..

 तनक्श्ितं विनं तनवयिनम ् |

यथा-
आयवु वयद्यतेऽक्स्त्मन्त्ननेन वा आयवु वयन्त्दती्यायव
ु द
े ः

 तनवयिनं नाम पक्ण्डतबद्

ु चधगम्यो दृष्टान्त्तः;
यथा- “ज्ञायते तन्यगस्त्येव तालस्त्या्ययतारणम ्”
Sanniyoga/Niyoga

 Injuction /Mandatory guidelines

❑ A statement of enjoining, directing, commanding or

prohibiting is Sanniyoga.
❑ That which is an order or a mandate is Sanniyoga.
❑ The sentence that directs to do or to refrain from
doing certain acts is Sanniyog.
 Conti..

इदमेव ततयव्यसमतत तनयोगः |

यथा- पथ्यमेव िोक्तव्यसमतत

तनयोगो नाम अवश्यानष्ु ठे यतया ववधानं;

यथा-
“न ्वया स्त्वेदमच्
ू छायपरीतेनावप वपक्ण्डतैषा ववमोक्त
व्या” (सू.अ.१४) इ्यादद|
Vikalpa

 Alternative options.
 When alternative choices or options are mentioned
or made available in the treatment and
management of disease or in any other context, it is
known as vikalpa.
 Availability of multiple choices for a particular
thing is vikalpa.
 Conti..

 इदं वेदं वेतत ववतल्पः |

यथा- रसौदनः सघत ग ा यवागव
ू ाय (िवक््वतत)

 ववतल्पः पाक्षक्षयतासिधानं; यथा-

“सारोदतं वाऽथ तुशोदतं वा” (चि.अ.६) इ्यादद|
 Pratyustaar

 Disapproval/Rejection with scientific reasoning

 To condemn or consider an opinion to be

inappropriate is known as Pratyustaar.
 Acharya Sushruta has not mentioned Pratyustar.
 Conti..

प्र्य्ु सारो नाम उपपत्त्या परमततनवारणं;

यथा वायोववदः प्राह-
“रसजातन तु ित ू ातन रसजा व्याधयः स्त्मत
ग ाः” (स.ू अ
.२५) इ्यादद,
दहरण्याक्षयो तनषेधयतत-
“न ह्या्मा रसजा स्त्मत ग ः” इ्यादद|
Uddhar

 Rejection of others opinion and simultaneously

supporting our opinion with scientific reasoning.

 Proving something to be false with rationale and

putting forward ones’ own theory.
 Udhhar tantrayukti has not been mentioned by
Acharya Sushruta
Conti..

 उद्धारो नाम परपक्षयदष

ू णं तग्वा स्त्वपक्षयोद्धरणं;

यथा- “येषामेव दह िावानां सम्पत ् सञ्ज्जनयेन्त्नरम ्|

तेषामेव दह िावानां ववपद्व्याधीनद
ु ीरयेत ्” (सू.अ.२५) इ
्याददना स्त्वपक्षयोद्धरणम ्|
Sambhav

❑ Source of origin/Possibility.
❑ The source/Place of origin of a thing is known as its
Sambhav.
❑ It may also be a consequence of an event.
❑ Acharya Sushrut has not included this in tantrayukti
Conti..

सम्िवो नाम यद्यक्स्त्मन्त्नप

ु पद्यते स तस्त्य सम्िवः
;
यथा- मुखे वपप्लुव्यङ्गनीसलतादयः सम्िवन्त्ती्यादद
Sushrutokta Tantrayukti

द्वात्रत्रश
ं िन्त्त्रयक्
ु तयो िवक्न्त्त शास्त्त्रे |
तद्यथा-
अचधतरणं(१), योगः(२), पदाथयः(३), हे ्वथयः(४), उद्दे शः(५),
तनदे शः(६), उपदे शः(७), अपदे शः(८), प्रदे शः(९), अततदे शः(१०
), अपवजयः(११), वाक्यशेषः(१२), अथायपविः(१३), ववपयययः(१४
), प्रसङ्गः(१५), एतान्त्तः(१६), अनेतान्त्तः(१७), पव ू प
य क्षयः(१८),
तनणययः(१९), अनम ु तं(२०), ववधानम(२१), ् अनागतावे क्षयणम(्
२२), अततिान्त्तावेक्षयणं(२३), संशयः(२४), व्याख्यानं(२५), स्त्व
सञ्ज्ज्ञा(२६), तनवयिनं(२७), तनदशयनं(२८), तनयोगः(२९), ववत
ल्पः(३०), समच् ु ियः(३१), ऊह्यम(३२) ् इतत ||३||