ICT NOTES-GRADE 8

CHAPTER 2
AI Getting Excited

Learning objective: To understand the concept of AI

To learn the domains of AI and terminologies related to AI
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
AI is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. The technology
is all about making machines capable of perceiving, reasoning, learning, making
decisions and solving problems.

 The term AI was introduced by ------------------in 1956.

Ans: John McCarthy
 IVA stands for -----------------------------------------------.
Intelligent Virtual Assistant
 IPA stands for -----------------------------------------------.
Intelligent Personal Assistant
IPA/IVA:
It is a software agent that can perform tasks or services for an individual by
responding to commands.
Eg: Siri, Microsoft’s Cortana, Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant
AI Related Terminologies:
1. Machine Learning (ML): It is a subset of AI that provides machines with
ability to learn and improve from experience based on the training data.
2. Deep Learning (DL): It is a subset of ML, and works using algorithms.
Domains of AI
 1. DATA
 2. COMPUTER VISION
 3. NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
DATA

Artificial intelligence is a set of technologies that allow us to extract knowledge

from data.
Eg: The web provides a level of concrete information about consumer
habits, likes and dislikes, activities and personal preferences.

Computer Vision (CV)

Computer vision is a field of computer science that focuses on enabling
computers to identify and understand objects and people in images and
videos.
Eg: autonomous cars to make decisions during their travel
YOLO- YOU ONLY LOOK ONCE-To recognize objects inside an image.
Each object will be marked with a rectangle around it along with the label.
Natural Language Processing [NLP]
 Natural Language processing or NLP is a branch of artificial intelligence that
deals with the interaction between computers and humans using natural
language.
Eg: Google duplex was demonstrated by Google CEO, Sundar pichai.
Classification of AI:
AI is classified into 3 types based on their capabilities.
1. Artificial Narrow Intelligence(ANI)/Narrow AI/Weak AI
2. Artificial General Intelligence(AGI)/Strong AI/General AI
3. Artificial Super Intelligence(ASI)/Super AI

Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)/Narrow AI/Weak AI

It is goal oriented, designed to perform a specific task.
Eg: A chess game software, RankBrain,

RankBrain- It is an example of Narrow AI. It is a machine learning (AI)

algorithm that Google uses to sort the search results.

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)/Strong AI/General AI

It is a type of AI that exhibits human level intelligence. It can understand,

think and act the same way a human might in any given situation. Currently,
there is no such system that could be smarter and think like a human.

Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)/Super AI

It is a level of intelligence of systems at which machines could become
superior to human intelligence. It is still a fictional concept of AI.
BROAD AI
A few independent narrow systems bundling together to form a broad AI.
Eg: Autonomous Cars and Smart Homes

Autonomous car: It is a vehicle that can sense its environment and operate
without human involvement. Autonomous cars create and maintain a map of
their surroundings based on a variety of sensors (RADAR, LIDAR). Video
cameras detect traffic lights, road signs, track other vehicles and look for
pedestrians.

Smart home: It refers to a comfortable home setup where appliances and

devices can be automatically controlled remotely from anywhere with an
internet connection.

Internet of Things (IoT): The network of physical objects or things that are
embedded with sensors, software and other technologies for the purpose of
connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the
internet.

AI Games:
1. Rock Paper Scissor
2. Mystery Animal
3. Emoji Scavenger Hunt

Rock Paper scissor: It is a simple game played by two players who use
hand gestures that resemble a ‘rock’ (a fist), a piece of ‘paper’’ (a flat hand)
or a pair of ‘scissors’ (index and middle fingers in the shape of a V). Each
player plays a gesture at the same time, with the scoring as follows: ‘rock
beats scissors, scissors beat paper, paper beats rock.
Data domain of AI used in this game.

Mystery Animal: It is a question and answer game. The goal of this game is
to figure out the mystery animal with least number of questions. Players ask
the computer various yes or no questions.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) domain of AI used in this game.
 Emoji Scavenger Hunt: This game will show you an emoji. You need to
walk around and find the real world pictures/objects of the emojis before the
timer finishes.

Computer Vision (CV) domain of AI used in this game.

Types of Data

Data is a collection of raw facts. The data can be in the form of numbers,
words, symbols, or even pictures.
1. Structured –Any type of data that can be stored, accessed and processed
in the form of fixed format
Eg: An attendance register book

2. Unstructured- Any type of data with unknown form or structure.

Eg: outputs from a google search, comments, notes, feedback

3. Semi structured- They contain both the forms of data.

*DARPA- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

* Drone- A drone is an aircraft that is flown using a remote control or a

computer program. It is called as a flying robot.
Eg: Amazon’s Prime Air.

*----------------------- is an AI machine made by IBM.

Ans: IBM Watson

 Name the IBM company’s founder- Thomas J Watson