CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a social welfare initiative

initiated by the Philippine government in 2008 with the objective of extending financial

assistance to the most impoverished households in the country. The program endeavors to

combat poverty and enhance the well-being of Filipino families by concentrating on their

health, nourishment, and education. The 4Ps provides monthly monetary grants to qualifying

households based on their adherence to the program's terms, which involve ensuring that

children aged 0-18 years are enrolled in school, attending classes, and getting regular health

check-ups. Additionally, the program concentrates on pregnant and breastfeeding women by

rendering them with healthcare and nutrition services.

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is an efficacious poverty

alleviation and social advancement program in the Philippines that has significantly enhanced

the lives of the beneficiaries by extending cash transfers, supporting education and

healthcare, and encouraging community involvement. However, there are still some obstacles

that needs to be surmounted to ensure the program's sustainability and long-lasting influence

such as, enhancing the targeting mechanisms, augmenting program monitoring and

evaluation, and handling possible unfavorable consequences on work incentives and social

norms.

The main goal of the program is to improve the quality of life of poor households and

break the intergenerational cycle of poverty by investing in children's education and health,

providing livelihoods for parents and increasing the capacity of communities to support the

program. Through the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, the government hopes to

reduce poverty and improve the economic and social well-being of Filipino families,

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especially in the most disadvantaged areas. The program targets households with children

aged 0-18 and pregnant women who are among the poorest 25% of the National Household

Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR). Several international organizations

have recognized the 4Ps program since its inception as an effective poverty reduction

strategy. The program has also undergone a thorough evaluation and impact assessment to

ensure that it achieves its goals and has a positive impact on the lives of Filipino families.

The program has 2 types of financial support given to domestic beneficiaries: Health

allowance: P500 per household per month or a total of P6,000 per year Training allowance:

P300 per child monthly for 10 months or a total of P3,000 per year (a household can enroll a

maximum of three children in the program) A household of 3 children can receive P1,400 a

month from 2 allowances, or a total of P15,000 a year for 5 years. These cash grants are

distributed to beneficiary households through the Rural Bank of the Philippines or, when this

is not possible, through alternative payment systems such as Globe G-Cash remittances and

rural bank transactions.

In August 2015, a total of P27.15 billion in financial support was paid to is this

intended to be redundant or not for the first and third periods of 2015, which included the

January-August disbursements. Of this amount, P13.23 billion went to education and the

remaining P13.92 billion to health. In order to receive the bonuses mentioned above, the

recipients of household allowances must fulfill all the following conditions:

• Pregnant women should receive prenatal and postnatal care and a trained

professional should be present during delivery.

• Parents or guardians must attend family development sessions where responsible

parenting, health and nutrition are discussed.

• Children aged 0-5 should receive regular preventive health checks and vaccinations;

• Children between 6 and 14 years old must be dewormed twice a year; and

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 • Children between 3 and 18 years old must be in school and attend at least 85% of

class days each month. High compliance rates were observed in March and April 2015:

99.91% for deworming of children aged 6–14 years; 98.99% of children aged 6-14 go to

school; 98.33% of school attendance of 3-5-year-old children in daycare; 97.05% of children

aged 15–18 go to school; 95.95% of health visits for pregnant women and children aged 0-5

years; and participation in family development sessions 94.84%.

Education gives stability to life and no one can ever take that away from you. With a

good education and higher education, you increase your chances for better career

opportunities and open new doors for yourself. In addition to stability, education also offers

financial security, especially in today's society. A good education usually leads to a higher

paying job and provides the skills needed to get there. Education is needed not only on a

personal level but globally because it keeps our world safe and makes it more peaceful.

Education teaches people the difference between right and wrong and helps people stay away

from risky situations.

Lack of education is the result of marginalization, poverty and economic deprivation

of developing communities. For the many children who still do not have access to education,

this is remarkable given the continuing inequality and exclusion. In both developing and

developed societies, children are denied access to primary education due to inequalities based

on gender, health and cultural identity (ethnicity, languages, religions). These children are

excluded from the education system and do not benefit from learning, which is crucial for

their intellectual and social development. As stated by Republic Act No. Section 7 of 10533,

Mandatory Basic Education. It will be necessary for each parent or watchman or different

people having care of a youngster to select such a kid in essential training, regardless of

learning conveyance modes and frameworks, until its culmination, as accommodated by

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existing regulations, rules and guidelines. Section 8.4 Education Program for Indigenous

Peoples (IP).

This will refer to the program that helps educational initiatives that are carried out in

formal, informal, and non-formal settings with an emphasis on any of the key areas, including

but not limited to: Native Information Frameworks and Practices and local area history;

native dialects; Curriculum and evaluation based on the community life cycle and the

Indigenous Learning System (ILS); instructive objectives, goals, and abilities well defined for

the Indigenous Cultural Community (ICC); commitment of older folks and other local area

individuals in the educating educational experience, appraisal, and the executives of the

drive, acknowledgment and proceeding with training of the local area's ILS; as well as ICCs'

rights and responsibilities. It goes without saying that many children from poor families are

compelled to work and support their families instead of attending school. Most of the time,

the international community doesn't give countries enough money to set up an education

system for all children.

Theoretical Framework
Social investment theory, also known as the social investment approach, is a policy

framework that focuses on investing in human capital and social programs to promote long-

term economic development and social welfare. Since the early 2000s, the concept of 'social

investment' as a welfare strategy has gained acceptance at the level of international

organizations (European Commission, 2013; OECD, 2014; World Bank, 2016), where it is

increasingly associated with 'inclusive and sustainable growth'.

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 Figure 1. Shows the Social Investment Theory.

A core tenet of social investment theory is that investing in people's education,

skills development, health and social infrastructure leads to better outcomes in terms of

employment, productivity, social cohesion and overall quality of life. That's what it

means. Rather than simply providing income support or social assistance, social investment

theory emphasizes positive policies that enable individuals to reach their full potential and

contribute to society. Social investment theory is a policy framework that emphasizes

investing in human capital and social programs to promote long-term economic development.

It was proposed in the late 20th and early 21st centuries and has been influential in shaping

social policy discussions in many countries. His work emphasizes the importance of investing

in human capital, social services, and active labor market policies to achieve inclusive growth

and social resilience. Hemerijck's book "Changing Welfare States" (2013) provides insights

into the challenges and opportunities of social investment in contemporary welfare states.

According to Evie Browne’s Social protection topic guide in January 2015, Protecting

and assisting those who are poor and vulnerable, such as children, women, elderly people,

people with disabilities, the displaced, the unemployed, and the ill, is the focus of social

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protection. Given that social protection overlaps with a number of livelihoods, human capital,

and food security initiatives, there is continuous discussion about which policies fall under

the category of social protection and which ones do not (Harvey et al., 2007). According to

Devereux & Sabates-Wheeler (2004), social protection is generally understood to include "all

public and private initiatives that provide income or consumption transfers to the poor,

protect the vulnerable from risks to their way of life, and enhance the social status and rights

of the marginalized; with the overall objective of reducing the economic and social

vulnerability of poor, vulnerable, and marginalized groups."

Figure 2. Shows the Social Protection Theory

This concept is consistent with how it is used in international development, although

it may not be the same as how social policy is defined in high-income nations. As part of the

"state-citizen" contract, which outlines the rights and obligations of states and citizens toward

one another, social protection is typically given by the state (Harvey et al., 2007).

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 The definition of a poverty trap according to Azariadis and Stachurski (2005) is a

"self-reinforcing mechanism, which causes poverty to persist.". The "poverty trap" is a

vicious cycle that keeps individuals in poverty. It is so constricting in and of itself that the

underprivileged cannot break free. Generally speaking, poverty traps occur in emerging and

underdeveloped nations and are brought on by a lack of access to finance and credit for

individuals. By making strategic economic investments and giving individuals the tools they

need to make a living and find employment, the poverty trap may be broken. By offering

temporary financial assistance, a number of programs for reducing poverty can be put in

place to help people escape it. However, if the strategy fails, people would be permanently

dependent on such services and can even descend farther into the poverty spiral.

Figure 3. Shows the Poverty Trap Cycle

An economic system that makes it difficult to overcome poverty is referred to as a

"poverty trap." A poverty trap is more than just a lack of resources. In order to keep a person
or family in poverty
family in poverty, a number of elements, including access to healthcare and education, must
coexist.

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 Figure 4. Shows the Capability Approach Theory

In 2017, the Capability Approach Theory proposed by Amartya Sen became relevant

to the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. This theory suggests that poverty is not

simply a lack of basic needs. It is an inability to function effectively and a lack of

ways to improve well-being. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program are consistent with

this theory, as they not only aim to provide financial assistance to the poor, but

also focus on investing in human capital development through interventions in health

and education.

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 Figure 5. Shows the factors of Social Learning Theory

A theory proposed in 2018 that aligns with Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

is social learning theory. This theory suggests that individuals learn from their

environment and interact with social networks to improve their lives. Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program are designed to provide financial support to the poorest families,

using health and education conditions to help beneficiaries become healthier and more

informed for themselves and their families. We encourage you to make choices

based on this intervention aims to change their behavior towards a better sustainable future.

Conceptual Framework

Effectivity of Implementing Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in South Poblacion,

Medina, Misamis Oriental

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

● Assistance ● Level of satisfaction in

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 implementing Pantawid Pamilyang
● Academic Improvements
Pilipino Program in South
● Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Poblacion, Medina, Misamis
Oriental
Program conditions
● Improved academic

performance of 4Ps student

beneficiaries

● Identified interventions to further

improve the current

system

Figure 6. Shows the conceptual framework of the study.

By examining the relationship between the independent variables (Assistance, Pupil-

beneficiaries' Academic Improvements, Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program conditions)

and the dependent variables (Level of satisfaction, Improved academic performance,

identified interventions), this conceptual framework provides a foundation for evaluating the

effectivity of implementing the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program for the beneficiaries

of South Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental. The findings of this study can contribute to

the refinement and enhancement of the program, ensuring better outcomes for the

beneficiaries and supporting the government's efforts to alleviate poverty and improve the

lives of Filipino families.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effects of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program (4P's) on the academic performance of Elementary, High-school and Senior-high

School pupil-beneficiaries and the satisfaction of parent-beneficiaries in South Poblacion,

Medina, Misamis Oriental.

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Specifically, it seeks answers to the following questions:

1. How long have you been a beneficiary of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program?

2. Do you have other sources of income except the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program (4P’s)? If so, what are your other sources of income?

3. Have you received financial assistance from the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program?

4. Have you experienced any difficulties in accessing or receiving the benefits provided

by the program?

5. Has the program provided any livelihood or employment opportunities for you or

your family members?

6. Have you been able to access the health services provided by the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program?

7. Have you noticed any nutrition interventions for your children through the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program?

8. Have you participated in any activities or programs organized by the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program?

9. Have you noticed any improvements in your children’s school performance since you

became Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiary?

10. Are you satisfied with the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program and its services?

When it comes to their services, how will you rate the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program?

Hypothesis

H₀: Addressing economic and social factors including household income, health

outcomes, educational attainment, and livelihood prospects, the Pantawid Pamilyang

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Pilipino Program's implementation had no significant effect on the program's beneficiaries in

South Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental.

H₁: In this alternative hypothesis, we propose that the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program's execution has a favorable and significant effect on the socioeconomic

circumstances and general well-being of the program's beneficiaries in South Poblacion,

Medina, Misamis Oriental. We predict that the financial support provided by the program,

along with its conditions, will result in noticeable improvements in a number of important

areas, including household income, access to healthcare, educational attainment, and

employment prospects.

Scope and Delimitations

The scope of the study titled "Effectivity of Implementing Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program to the Beneficiaries of South Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental" is to

evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)

specifically on the beneficiaries living in South Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental. The

study looks at a number of factors, including changes in household income, health outcomes,

educational improvements, and employment prospects, in order to assess the effectiveness of

the program. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) beneficiaries in South

Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental, Philippines, will be the subject of the study. To

evaluate the program's long-term effects on the beneficiaries, the study will focus on a certain

time period, such as the recent past. The study will look at how the 4Ps affect particular

demographic groups, such as families with children, expectant mothers, and people with

impairments. The effectiveness of several program elements, including cash transfers, health

and nutrition assistance, educational subsidies, and livelihood opportunities offered by the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, will be evaluated by the study. The study will assess

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how the 4Ps are being used locally, including how local government entities, partner

organizations, and community organizations contribute to the program's effectiveness.

Delimitations

Instead of covering all beneficiaries in the area or the nation, the study will

concentrate on a select group of beneficiaries in South Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental

due to resource limitations and practicality. The study's findings and conclusions might be

unique to South Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental, and might not directly apply to other

places with different socioeconomic circumstances or methods of program implementation.

The study will rely on first-hand information gathered through questionnaires, interviews,

and focus groups, which may have drawbacks including response biases or problems

gathering precise data. The study will concentrate on the effectiveness of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program itself, but external issues like alterations in governmental

policy, the state of the economy, or natural calamities will also be considered.

Significance of the study

The result of the study will merit the following:

The Beneficiaries. By providing cash assistance to eligible households, the program can help

families meet their basic needs and improve their overall economic well-being. This can help

to reduce poverty and improve the standard of living for families in South Poblacion.

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The Parents. The result of this study will make the parents realize that their involvement has

a big impact on the academic performance of the pupils in school. That they should not rely

on the cash grants given but they should also make other ways to adjunct the program.

The Residents of South Poblacion. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program provides

cash grants to eligible households who ensure their children to attend school regularly. This

can help families to afford school fees, uniforms and other education-related expenses, which

may be a challenge for families living in poverty.

The School. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program can have a positive impact on

schools by reducing absenteeism and drop-out rates, improving student performance and

promoting a culture of education among families from poor households.

The Future Researchers. This research will be a useful reference for the researchers who

would plan to make any related study precisely the standard underlying in Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program

Definition of Terms

Accuracy - the state of or attribute of being accurate, true, or precise.

Comply - to adjust or conform (as to a regulation or the wishes of another) when required or

asked.

Dependency - a circumstance where you are dependent on something or someone and cannot

function normally without them.

Economic growth - Economic growth is an increase in an economy's output of commodities

and services.

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Eligible - possessing the required characteristics or fulfilling the prerequisites.

Fraud - is a deliberate act of deception intended to give the offender an unauthorized benefit

or to deny the victim of a right.

Incentives - are bonuses and prizes utilized to encourage good conduct in your workforce.

Livelihood - is the position or other source of income that provides you with the funds to

purchase the necessities.

Poverty - Not having enough money to meet fundamental requirements, such as those for

food, clothing, and shelter, is what is meant by poverty.

Promptly - in a timely manner.

Prospects - an advance realization of something to come.

Significant - in causing a different outcome or a significant change.

Stimulate - is to inspire action, growth, or more activity.

Vulnerable - capable of being physically or emotionally wounded.

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)- is a national government initiative for

human development that offers conditional cash handouts.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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 It's strange that the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is receiving

criticism for what seems to be its inability to end pervasive poverty, when this was never its

intended purpose. A thorough examination of this government program's effectiveness has

recently been advised by the Commission on Audit (COA). This is in response to its findings

that, despite receiving program benefits for a maximum of 13 years, 3.82 million, or 90%, of

the 4.26 million household participants still live in poverty. Sen. Imee Marcos, who noted

that just 900,000 pupils have graduated from the program since its inception 15 years ago,

discussed the notion of developing an exit strategy to end the 4Ps recently. Sen. Win

Gatchalian, who emphasized that recipient families appear to be impoverished despite their

children's higher school involvement, backed this argument. But these suggestions can be

misguided. Given that the 4Ps were developed to address very specific issues, gauging their

effectiveness in such a short amount of time may not be fair, especially for low-income

families who depend on the program to survive the rising costs of food, fuel, and other

essentials.

The Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program, first started in 2008 under the Arroyo

government, was expanded with the introduction of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program under the Aquino administration. Indigent families were awarded a cash stipend of

P500 per month under the Arroyo CCT program for health and nutrition needs and an

additional P300 for educational costs. This program was enhanced by the Aquino Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program while more restrictions were added. In order to qualify for the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, beneficiaries had to receive prenatal and postnatal

care for expectant mothers, attend family development classes and seminars, vaccinate their

infant children, enroll children aged 3 to 18 in school, and maintain an attendance rate of at

least 85% on a monthly basis. Since the program has specific goals and objectives, gauging

its success by how well families are able to escape poverty may not be the best approach. It

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ignores the fact that the program has been highly successful in achieving its set aims. The

program has defined goals and objectives; therefore, it may not be the greatest idea to judge

its success by how effectively families are able to overcome poverty. It disregards the reality

that the program has accomplished its stated goals with great success.

Curiously, given that the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program implementation isn't

in line with industry best practices of other nations with comparable CCT systems, the

current calls for a "strategic exit" from them actually go against the advice of policy experts.

The amounts of the cash transfers "have remained at their nominal levels from 2008 to 2016,

even though their real value has already decreased due to inflation," according to PIDS's

"Evaluating the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program's Payment System" report from last

November 2021, with significant increases only occurring in 2017 and 2020. The "generosity

of the [4Ps] program is actually [at] the bottom 20%" when compared to other CCT systems

from other nations. The February 2021 study also recommended strengthening project

monitoring and enforcement of health-related conditions. The recommendation by the

government think tank is actually to improve the responsiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program to price fluctuations by "establishing a principle for adjusting the grant

amount" and by "the importance of reliability and predictability of payment schedules."

CHAPTER 3

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter will discuss the methods used in the study. This part is composed of

methods that are used in the study. It shows the research design, the respondents of the study,

the data collection and the data gathering procedure, and the ethical considerations used in

the study.

Research Design

We, the researchers, use quantitative research to study the effect of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) on its enrolled and participating recipients in the South

Poblacion barangay of Medina, Misamis Oriental, before its rollout in 2008. To prepare for

the research, we reviewed relevant literature from multiple sources, including the internet.

Research Locale

The research will take place in South Poblacion, situated in the province of Medina

Misamis Oriental. South Poblacion is a barangay located near Medina Municipal Covered

Court, Rural Health Unit of Medina, and Medina Public Market. The study will involve 50

randomly selected respondents who are among the 111 beneficiaries of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program residing in the community South Poblacion, Medina, Misamis

Oriental.

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 Figure 7. Shows the eye-view of South Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental.

Figure 8. Shows the satellite view of South Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental.

19
Participants of the Study
This study focuses on the beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

(4ps) residing at South Poblacion, Medina Misamis Oriental, from the year 2008 to 2023. The

research is designed to gather insights from 50 participants who are randomly selected as

respondents.

Sampling Design
To achieve the research objectives, a probability sampling technique will be used to

select the participants for this study. To identify the sampling frame, the parent leaders will

be contacted to provide a list of the beneficiaries. The list will be updated to include only

those beneficiaries who are still active in the program during the data collection period.

Research Instrument
Our research instrument was a self-made survey questionnaire, which consisted of a

set of questions and prompts that aimed to gather responses directly from the participants.

The researcher uses the children recipients to identify the academic performance of the

children, number of the school days attended, and gender. The percentage formula was also

used to compute the correlation coefficient of the variables being tested.

Data Gathering Procedure

Data were gathered by conducting surveys and interviews with Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program recipients. Demographic information, socioeconomic situation, educational

level, and perceptions of the program's effects on many facets of their lives were all acquired.

To guarantee representational and reliability of the results, the sample size was chosen using

the proper statistical methods.

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Statistical Treatment

The statistical treatment approach utilized to measure and express the outcomes of the

data collection was the percentage formula. The following formula can be used to get the

percentage:

Percentage is calculated as follows: (Number of occurrences/Total observations) x

100

This formula was used to calculate the proportion or percentage of beneficiaries who

experienced the beneficial results or improvements as a result of their involvement in the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in many categories, including education, health, and

livelihood.

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 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter will use analytical methods to review data and will arrive at its relevant
conclusions. The researchers will also categorize and summarize the results to give better
interpretation of our survey.

Zone/clusters Number of respondents Percentage(%)

1 0 0%
2 2 4%
3 7 14%
4 5 10%
5 29 58%
6 0 0%
7 7 14%
Total 50 100%

Table 1. Displays the corresponding percentages for each zone/cluster in South

Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental. Therefore, the majority of our respondents were from

Zone-5, followed by Zone-3 and Zone-7, Zone-5, Zone-2 and there are no beneficiary

respondents from Zone-1 and Zone-6.

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Question 1. How long have you been a beneficiary of Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program?

Choices No. Of Respondents Percentage (%)

1-11 Months 5 10%
1-2 Years 2 4%
3-4 Years 7 14%
5-6 Years 4 8%
7 Years 10 20%
10 Years 7 14%
If Others Please Specify
More than 7 Years 1 2%
More than 10Years 1 2%
14Years 4 8%
11 Years 8 16%
20 Years 1 2%
Total: 50 100%

Table 2. Present the time of being beneficiary of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program in South Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental, it was found that 20% have been

beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program for 7 years, while 16% have been

beneficiaries for 11 years, 14% for 3 to 4 years and 10 years, 10% for 1 to 11 months, 8% for

5 to 6 years, 8% for 14 years, 6% for more than 7,10 and 20 years and 4% for 1 to 2 years.

23
24
Question 2. Do you have other sources of income except the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program (4ps)?

Choices Number of respondents Percentage(%)

Farmer 4 8%
Full/part-time employee 14 28%
Owner of a sari-sari store 3 6%
Online seller 1 2%
Street Vendor 9 18%
If others, please specify
None 6 12%
Driver 1 2%
Fisherman 3 6%
Construction Worker 1 2%
Carpenter 2 4%
Housewife 1 2%
Manicurist 1 2%
Helper 1 2%
Massage therapist 1 2%
Housekeeper 1 2%
Laundromat 1 2%
Total 50 100%

Table 3. Shows the other sources of income of beneficiaries of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program. It reveals that 20% of them are employed either full or part-

time, 18% are involved in street vending, 12% have no other means of income, 8% are

farmers, 6% are owners of sari-sari stores or fishermen, 4% work as carpenters, and 2% are

engaged in diverse occupations such as online selling, construction working, housewives,

manicurists, helpers, massage therapists, housekeepers, and laundry workers.

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Question 3. Have you received financial assistance from the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program?
Choices
Php 500-1,000
Php 1,000-1,500
Php 1,500-2,000
Php 2,500-3,000
Php 3,000-3,500
If others, please specify
Php 3,500-4,000
Php 4,500-5,000
Php 5,000-5,500
Php 5,500-6,000
Haven’t received yet
Total
Number of respondents Percentage(%)
4 8%
1 2%
1 2%
7 14%
7 14%
4 8%
11 22%
8 16%
3 6%
4 8%
50 100%

Table 4. The data presented in this table illustrates the distribution of beneficiaries'

received amounts. Specifically, 22% of beneficiaries received an amount ranging from Php

4,500 to 5,000, 16% received an amount between Php 5,000 and 5,500 14% received an

amount between Php 2,500 and 3,000, another 14% received an amount between Php 3,000

and 3,500. Additionally, 8% received an amount between Php 500 and 1,000, 8% received an

amount between Php 3,500 and 4,000, 8% have not received any amount yet, 6% received an

amount ranging from Php 5,500 to 6,000, 2% received an amount between Php 1,000 and

1,500, and finally, 2% received an amount between Php 1,500 and 2,000.

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Question 4. Have you experienced any difficulties in accessing or receiving the benefits

provided by the program?

Choices Number of respondents Percentage (%)

Delay of money distribution 37 61.66%
Limited funding 1 1.66%
Receiving different amount 11 18.33%
of money
Technical issues 3 5%
Lack of awareness 4 6.66%
If others, please specify
None 4 6.66%
Total 60 100%

Table 5. The data presented in this table indicates that the majority of beneficiaries,

amounting to 61.66%, face challenges related to the delay in money distribution.

Additionally, 18.33% experience varying amounts of money received, while 6.66% lack

awareness about the benefits. Conversely, 6.66% of beneficiaries have no difficulties in

accessing or receiving the benefits, and 1.66% face limited funding issues.

Question 5. Has the program provided any livelihood or employment opportunity for you or

your family members?

Choices Number of respondents Percentage(%)

Budget for school supplies 21 30%
Budget for basic needs 33 47.14%
TESDA NC II Training 3 4.28%
program
Gardening 5 7.14%
Coop/sari-sari store 6 8.57%
If others, please specify
None 2 2.85%
Total 70 100%

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 Table 6. According to the table, the data indicates that the highest percentage of

respondents, which is 47.14%, obtained their livelihood or employment through the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program, which is a fund allocated for basic necessities. Additionally,

30% of the respondents used the budget for school supplies, 8.57% engaged in

cooperative/sari-sari store activities, 7.14% were involved in gardening, 4.28% participated in

the TESDA NC II training program, and 2.85% of the beneficiaries did not access any

livelihood opportunities.

Question 6. Have you been able to access the health services provided by the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program?

Choices Number of respondents Percentage(%)

Regular health check-ups 43 55.84%
Nutrition interventions 2 2.59%
Immunizations 12 15.58%
Feeding Program 14 18.18%
Referral services 2 2.59%
If others, please specify
None 4 5.19%
Total 77 100%

Table 7. The presented table displays the proportions of participants who utilized

various health services through the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. Among the

respondents, 55.84% received regular health check-ups, 18.18% accessed the feeding

program, 15.58% received immunizations, 5.19% did not receive any health services, 2.59%

received nutrition interventions, and 2% utilized referral services.

28
Question 7. Have you noticed any nutrition intervention for your children through the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program?

Choices Number of respondents Percentage(%)

Deworming 31 38.27%
Vitamin A supplementation 18 22.22%
Complementary feeding 8 9.87%
Specialized nutrition 3 3.70%
intervention
Community-based growth 14 17.28%
monitoring
If others, please specify
None 7 8.64%
Total 81 100%

Table 8. The table displays the predominant nutrition interventions received by their

children, with deworming being the most common at 38.27%, followed by Vitamin A

supplementation at 22.22%. Community-based growth monitoring accounted for 17.28%,

while 9.87% received Complementary feeding. On the other hand, 8.64% did not receive any

nutrition intervention provided by the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, and 3.70%

accessed specialized nutrition intervention.

Question 8. Have you participated in any activities or programs organized by the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program?

Choices Number of respondents Percentage(%)

Feeding program 11 8.52%
Brigada eskwela 35 27.13%
Family Development Session 41 31.78%
Assembly meeting 29 22.48%
Symposium about health 10 7.75%
If others, please specify
None 3 2.32%
Total 129 100%

29
 Table 9. Shows the proportion of survey participants involved in various programs

organized by the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. Among the respondents, the largest

group, accounting for 31.78%, participated in Family development sessions. Additionally,

27.13% took part in brigada skwela, 22.48% attended assembly meetings, 8.52% were

involved in feeding programs, 7.75% participated in health symposiums, and a minority of

2.32% did not take part in any of the organized programs.

Question 9. Have you noticed any improvements in your children’s school performance since

you became Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries?

Choices Number of respondents Percentage(%)

Improved academic 29 26.85%
performance
Progression to higher grade 19 17.59%
levels
Completion of grade levels 26 24.07%
Increased participation in 10 9.25%
extracurricular activities
Improved reading and writing 21 19.4%
skills
If others, please specify
None 3 2.7%
Total 108 100%

Table 10. Shows the proportions of participants who observed positive changes in

their children's school performance after becoming beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program. Among the respondents, the largest percentage, which amounts to 26.85%,

reported improvements in their children's academic performance. Furthermore, 24.07%

noticed progress in their children's completion of grade levels, while 19.4% witnessed

enhancements in reading and writing skills. Additionally, 17.59% reported advancement to

higher grade levels, 9.29% mentioned an increased engagement in extracurricular activities,

and a small portion of 2.7% of the beneficiary parents did not observe any improvements in

their children's school performance.

30
Question 10. Are you satisfied with the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program and its

services? When it comes to their services, how will you rate the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program?

Choices Number of respondents Percentage(%)

Satisfied 29 56.86%
Dissatisfied 0 0%
Neutral 10 19.60%
Very satisfied 10 19.60%
Disappointed 0 0%
If others, please specify
None 2 3.92%
Total 51 100%

Table 11. Shows the satisfaction levels of the beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program. The majority, accounting for 56.86%, expressed satisfaction, while

19.60% remained neutral. Additionally, 19.60% reported being very satisfied, while 3.92%

did not provide a satisfaction rating. No beneficiaries expressed dissatisfaction with the

program's services.

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 CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, launched in 2008, aims to provide

financial assistance to impoverished households in the Philippines. It targets children aged 0-

18 and pregnant women, among the poorest 25% of the National Household Targeting

System for Poverty Reduction. The program received P27.15 billion in financial support in

August 2015, with P13.23 billion allocated to education and P13.92 billion to health. The

program focuses on education, skills development, health, and social infrastructure to

improve employment, productivity, and quality of life. The study aims to refine and enhance

the program to improve outcomes and support the government's efforts to alleviate poverty

and improve Filipino families' lives. However, financial support and conditions may lead to

improvements in household income, healthcare access, educational attainment, and

employment prospects. The study evaluates the program's effectiveness in recent past and

long-term effects on specific demographic groups, local use, and external factors like

governmental policy changes and natural calamities. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program (4Ps) faces criticism for its inability to end poverty, with 90% of its 4.26 million

participants still living in poverty. The Commission on Audit recommends a thorough

examination of the program's effectiveness, but suggestions for an exit strategy may be

misguided. The program's implementation is not aligned with industry best practices, and

calls for a strategic exit contradict policy experts' advice. The government think tank suggests

improving the program's responsiveness to price fluctuations and focusing on reliability and

predictability of payment schedules. The survey in South Poblacion, Medina, Misamis

Oriental found that the majority of respondents were from Zone-5, with income sources

ranging from full or part-time employment to various occupations. Most beneficiaries faced

32
challenges like delayed money distribution, lack of awareness, and limited funding. The

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program provided the highest percentage of livelihood or

employment. Participants utilized various health services, with 55.84% receiving regular

check-ups, 18.18% accessing feeding programs, 15.58% receiving immunizations, 2.59%

receiving nutrition interventions, and 2% using referral services. The majority participated in

various programs organized by the program, with 26.85% reporting improvements in their

children's academic performance. Most respondents expressed satisfaction with the program's

services, while 19.60% remained neutral.

Conclusion
Therefore, the researchers conclude that the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

has been implemented successfully as it results to lower dropout rates and it also helped the

families whose budgets are not enough for their daily needs such as their food and even for

school supplies. The program has made improvements in social status of the family and it

also helps the family when it comes to their children’s educational expenses.

Recommendation
The researchers have recommendations for the Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD), beneficiaries and for the future beneficiaries.

The researchers would like to suggest the personal surveys or check the beneficiaries’ status

and interview them personally to re-evaluate beneficiaries. As the program has its own basis

for becoming a member and it is called as “poor and near poor” category where they usually

eliminate those members or some family who are not already qualified for its basis if

especially their house way builds in concrete.

The researchers would also like to recommend the wise budgeting of money to the

beneficiaries and future beneficiaries. As they must know how to use the money to its

33
purpose and responsibly. Because we can’t deny that there are some parent-beneficiaries

whose using the money irresponsibly such as:

 Gambling

 Self-care (hair rebond, manicures and pedicures)

 House renovation (concrete and with tiles house which can be a reason for being

eliminated to the category “poorest of the poor”

 Pawning the ATM card

The beneficiaries must know how to use the money properly and responsibly such as:

 Buying school supplies

 Buying school uniforms

 Using the money for school expenses (projects, graduation souvenirs and books; these

must have receipts for proof of purchase)

 Students’ transportation fare

 The money can also be used in purchasing rice and also for any medication purposes

(these also needs receipts)

34
Reference Cited

Social Investment Theory- https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-

319-28099-8_1839-1

Social Protection Theory - https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/10.1596/978-1-4648-1328-

3_ch6

Poverty Trap Theory-

https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Poverty-

Capability Approach Theory-https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F

%2Felibrary.worldbank.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1596%2F978-1-4648-1328-

Social Learning Theory- https://positive.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Social-

Learning-Theory.png

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program official page- https://car.dswd.gov.ph/programs-

services/core-programs/pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-4ps/

Appendices

35
APPENDIX A: Questionnaire
DISCLAIMER: This survey and any files transmitted within it are confidential and
intended solely for the use of our research paper. This contains confidential information
and is intended only for our paper. We assure you that all information we will be able to
have or gather will not be disseminated or copied for another purpose that is not school
related.
1. How long have you been a beneficiary of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program?
1-11 months
1-2 years
3-4 years
5-6 years
7 years
If others, please specify:
_____________________________________________
2. Do you have other sources of income except the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program (4P’s)? If so, what are your other sources of income? Please check the boxes below.
Farmer
Full-time/part-time employee
Owner of a Sari-sari Store
Online seller
Street vendor
If others, please specify:
____________________________________________
3. Have you received financial assistance from the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program? Please check the boxes below.
500-1,000 php
1,000-1,500 php
1,500-2,000 php
2,500-3,000 php
3,000-3,500 php
If others, please specify:
_____________________________________________

36
4. Have you experienced any difficulties in accessing or receiving the benefits provided
by the program? If so, what are your difficulties? Please check any of the following if you
have experienced any of these.
Delay of money distribution
Limited funding
Receiving different amount of money
Technical issues
Lack of awareness
If others, please specify:
_____________________________________________
5. Has the program provided any livelihood or employment opportunities for you or
your family members? If so, please check the boxes below which indicate some livelihood
opportunities from the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.
Budget for school supplies
Budget for basic needs (such as rice)
TESDA NC II training program
Gardening
Cooking Coop/ Sari-sari store
If others, please specify:
_____________________________________________
6. Have you been able to access the health services provided by the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program? If so, what health services have you accessed? Please check
the boxes below if you accessed any of these:
Regular health check-ups
Nutrition interventions
Immunizations
Feeding programs
Referral services
If others, please specify:
_____________________________________________
7. Have you noticed any nutrition interventions for your children through the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program? If so, please check the boxes below if you received any of
these:
Deworming
Vitamin A supplementation
Complementary feeding
Specialized nutrition interventions

37
 Community-based growth monitoring
If others, please specify:
____________________________________________
8. Have you participated in any activities or programs organized by the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program? If so, please check the boxes below if you participated any of
these: Feeding program
Brigada skwela
Family development session (FDS)
Assembly meeting
Symposium about health
If others,please specify:
____________________________________________
9. Have you noticed any improvements in your children’s school performance since you
became Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiary? If so, what are their
improvements? Please check the boxes below.
Improved academic performances
Progression to higher grade levels
Completion of grade level
Increased participation in extracurricular activities
Improved reading and writing skills
If others, please specify: ____________________________________________
10. Are you satisfied with the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program and its services?
When it comes to their services, how will you rate the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program?
Satisfied
Dissatisfied
Neutral
Very satisfied
Disappointed
If others, please specify: ____________________________________________

38
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