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BIOBRIKET

TUMBUHAN

BIOOIL

BIOMASS

HEWAN
BIOGAS

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METHODS (Carbon Fixation)

Change the organic structure into hydrocarbon

Direct burning: This is the traditional application for cooking and heat. Although this is not a significant source of energy
in the United States, it is still a common practice in developing countries.

Electric generation/pembangkit listrik: Biomass is burned in a boiler to heat water as is done with fossil fuels.

Gassification: Biomass is heated to release biogas, which is primarily methane and carbon dioxide. The biogas is then
burned, which converts the methane to carbon dioxide and water, and the heat is used to boil water as in a typical gas-
fired steam electrical generation plant.

Anaerobic Digestion: Similar to gasification in which biomass is fermented to convert the organic materials into biogas.
Typically, enzymes or catalysts are used to enhance conversion.

Conversion to Biofuels: Biomass, primarily in the form of vegetable oil, is converted to liquid fuel, most commonly
ethanol and biodiesel, for use in transportation.

Conversion to hydrogen: Biomass is converted to biogas, which can then be processed to strip out the hydrogen for use
in hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity, e.g., for use in an electric car

POTENSI ENERGI DARI LIMBAH PERKEBUNAN

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PETA POTENSI BIOMASA BIDANG PERTANIAN & PERKEBUNAN

POTENSI BIOMASA DI NEGARA ASEAN (Poyry ,Consultant)

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PEMANFAATAN BIOMASA UNTUK ENERGI (Poyry ,Consultant)

NERACA MASA PABRIK GULA

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KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN PEMANFAATAN BIOMASSA DI PTPN V

“PABRIK SAWIT TERINTEGRASI”
BAHAN BAKU TBS
- Kebun Inti
- Pembelian
PRODUKSI
- CPO & Kernel
- Sisa Cangkang
PROSES PENGOLAHAN
JUAL LISTRIK
KE PLN
FIBER +
LIMBAH
CANGKANG

Listrik
Cair (Pome) Biogas
(Excess Power)
BOILER TURBIN
Padat (Tankos) Biomasa Listrik :
- Pengolahan
- Domestik

KEY INDICATORSM – MILLING TECHNOLOGY

Existing Values for Major
Key Milling Parameter Industry Norms achieved
Indonesian Factory

About 92% Up to 96%

Reduced Mill Extraction

2.3 – 4.5 or even higher 1.2 – 1.5

Pol (%) in Bagasse

50-54 48-49
Moisture (%) in Bagasse

77 – 85 > 90
Prepatory Index (%)

160 – 200 250 – 300

Imbibition Water (%)

Indonesia Sugar factory rerata surplus bagase / serat tebu 5% - 8%

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Grand Design Pengembangan Biobriket

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Pengembangan Biobriket yang Telah Dilaksanakan Unpad

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Peralatan Industri Kecil Berbasis Biobriket

BOILER MINI KOMPOR

KETTLE BURNER 17

Pemanfaatan limbah dekotifikasi rami Pemanfaatan limbah kotoran sapi untuk

untuk bio briket pembuatan gas methan

• Budi daya tanaman

• Pembuatan alat cetak
• Pembuatan kompor
• Rekayasa sosial agar teknologi yang
dihasilkan dapat diterima oleh
masyarakat.

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TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN BIOMASSA

TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN

• Kontinuitas Bahan Bakar Biomasa 🡪 Bahan bakar yang tersedia secara cukup
• Nilai Kalor Lebih Rendah daripada Bahan Bakar Fosil 🡪 Kelembaban dan
kandungan alkali tinggi
• Daya terbangkit rendah (dibawah 10 MW)
• PLN mempunyai daya tawar lebih tinggi
• Saat ini belum ada kepastian harga karena bersifat negosiasi dan nilai maksimal
(tidak ada nilai minimal)

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TANTANGAN TEKNOLOGI
• Boiler bertekanan/bersuhu tinggi – Bahan terpadu untuk pabrik, Pabrik
Pengolahan Air
• Biomass co firing (sebagai tambahan bahan bakar alternatif) untuk mencapai
skala ekonomis 10 Mw 🡪 Analisa perkiraan : Bahan Bakar
• Analisa Kotoran 🡪 potensi clinkering, slagging dan fouling serta erosi pada pipa
dan alat permukaan perpindahan panas Boiler
• Tandan kosong sawit 🡪 kandungan silikat, Clor dan potasium tinggi(bukan
bahan bakar yang mudah terbakar untuk boiler) 🡪 Reliabilitas / daya tahan
teknologi

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Boiler – Electrostatic Precipitator – Chimney

Boiler & Chimney

Power House ( Station Turbine Generator )

Power House ( Pipe )

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MCC Room (Ruang Panel) Proses

MCC Room (Ruang Panel) Proses

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NERACA MASA & ENERGI PKS TERINTEGRASI

BIOGAS
Covered
Pome Lagoon 600 m3/jam Boiler
- Kap: 25 Ton/h
- 30 Bar/320oC
- Economizer
EFB Treatment EFB Treated - Reciprocating
EFB - Shredder Grate
- Press 4,3 ton/jam
- Biogas Burner
- 90 kW FIBER
- MC 40%
3,9 ton/jam

FIBER

Turbine
Alternator
PKS 550 kW
- 2 MW DOMESTIK 150 kW
- Multistage
- SSC 13 kg/kw
- Out: 3,2 bar EXCESS 1,3 MW

NERACA MASA & ENERGI PABRIK GULA TERINTEGRASI PTPN XII

Boiler
- Kap: 2 x @100 Ton/h =
200 Ton/H
- 47 Bar/450oC PT Perkebunan Nusantara XII

Giling 6000 Tcd - Air preheater

- Economizer
Bagase
- Dumping Grate
73 ton /jam - Pneumatic spreader
stokers
- Oil Burner

DOMESTIK 10 Mw
2 Steam Turbine Generator
- 2 x @10 MW = 20 MW
- Inlet 45 bar gauges
- Outlet : 1,7 bar EXCESS 10 Mw

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