1

Anthropology Paper 1 - Sources

Topic Source(s)

Introduction to Anthropology

1.1 ]Ú·ĖûĖðʥʟĽÐĝĶÚʟ·ĖÖʟÖÚŞÚďĝĶĕÚĖŅʟĝïʟ
ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðťʤ ]ŊĖûĹ·ŅĖ·ĕ

1.2 Relationships with other disciplines : „ĝÐû·ď „ÐûÚĖÐÚĽʥʟÚ÷·ŞûĝŊĹ·ď

„ÐûÚĖÐÚĽʥʟWûïÚʟ„ÐûÚĖÐÚĽʥʟ]ÚÖûзďʟ„ÐûÚĖÐÚĽʥʟ$·ĹŅ÷ʟ„ÐûÚĖÐÚĽʟ·ĖÖ ]ŊĖûĹ·ŅĖ·ĕ
AŊĕ·ĖûŅûÚĽʤ

1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance :

ˁ·˂ʟ„ĝÐû·ďʻÐŊďŅŊĹ·ďʟ
ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðťʤ
ˁÏ˂ʟûĝďĝðûзďʟ
ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðťʤ ]ŊĖûĹ·ŅĖ·ĕ
ˁÐ˂ʟ
ĹÐ÷·Úĝďĝðûзďʟ
ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðťʤ
ˁÖ˂ʟWûĖðŊûĽŅûÐʟ
ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðťʤ

Physical Anthropology

1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man :

ˁ·˂ʟûĝďĝðûзďʟ·ĖÖʟŊďŅŊĹ·ďʟï·ÐŅĝĹĽʟûĖʟ÷Ŋĕ·ĖʟÚŞĝďŊŅûĝĖʤ
ˁÏ˂ʟ‹÷ÚĝĹûÚĽʟĝïʟdĹð·ĖûÐʟ$ŞĝďŊŅûĝĖʟˁ}ĹÚʻ ·ĹşûĖû·Ėʥʟ ·ĹşûĖû·Ėʟ·ĖÖ }ʤʟ^·Ņ÷ʥʟE:^dʥ
}ĝĽŅʻ ·ĹşûĖû·Ė˂ʤ ‹ÚďŊðŊʟ
зÖÚĕť
ˁÐ˂ʟ„ťĖŅ÷ÚŅûÐʟŅ÷ÚĝĹťʟĝïʟÚŞĝďŊŅûĝĖʧʟĹûÚïʟĝŊŅďûĖÚʟĝïʟŅÚĹĕĽʟ·ĖÖʟÐĝĖÐÚĶŅĽʟĝï
ÚŞĝďŊŅûĝĖ·ĹťʟÏûĝďĝðťʟˁ ĝďďˌĽʟĹŊďÚʥʟĝĶÚˌĽʟĹŊďÚʥʟ:·ŊĽÚˌĽʟĹŊďÚʥʟĶ·Ĺ·ďďÚďûĽĕʥ
ÐĝĖŞÚĹðÚĖÐÚʥʟ·Ö·ĶŅûŞÚʟĹ·Öû·ŅûĝĖʥʟ·ĖÖʟĕĝĽ·ûÐʟÚŞĝďŊŅûĝĖ˂ʤ

1.5 Characteristics of Primates; $ŞĝďŊŅûĝĖ·Ĺťʟ‹ĹÚĖÖ ·ĖÖʟ}Ĺûĕ·ŅÚ

‹·ŤĝĖĝĕťʧʟ}Ĺûĕ·ŅÚʟ
Ö·ĶŅ·ŅûĝĖĽʧʟˁ
ĹÏĝĹÚ·ďʟ·ĖÖʟ‹ÚĹĹÚĽŅĹû·ď˂ʟ}Ĺûĕ·ŅÚ }ʤʟ^·Ņ÷ʥʟE:^dʥ
‹·ŤĝĖĝĕťʧʟ}Ĺûĕ·ŅÚʟÚ÷·ŞûĝŊĹʧʟ‹ÚĹŅû·Ĺťʟ·ĖÖʟŊ·ŅÚĹĖ·ĹťʟïĝĽĽûď ‹ÚďŊðŊʟ
зÖÚĕť
ĶĹûĕ·ŅÚĽʧʟWûŞûĖðʟ]·ĉĝĹʟ}Ĺûĕ·ŅÚĽʧʟĝĕĶ·Ĺ·ŅûŞÚʟ
Ė·Ņĝĕťʟĝïʟ]·Ėʟ·ĖÖ

ĶÚĽʧʟ„ČÚďÚŅ·ďʟÐ÷·ĖðÚĽʟÖŊÚʟŅĝʟÚĹÚÐŅʟĶĝĽŅŊĹÚʟ·ĖÖʟûŅĽʟûĕĶďûзŅûĝĖĽʤ

1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution

of the following :
ˁ·˂ʟ}ďûĝʻĶďÚûĽŅĝÐÚĖÚʟ÷ĝĕûĖûÖĽʟûĖʟ„ĝŊŅ÷ʟ·ĖÖʟ$·ĽŅ

ïĹûзʾ
ŊĽŅĹ·ďĝĶûŅ÷ÚÐûĖÚĽʤ
ˁÏ˂ʟAĝĕĝʟÚĹÚÐŅŊĽʟʦʟ
ïĹûзʟˁ}·Ĺ·ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶŊĽ˂ʥʟ$ŊĹĝĶÚʟˁAĝĕĝʟÚĹÚÐŅŊĽ }ʤʟ^·Ņ÷ʥʟE:^dʥ
ˁ÷ÚûÖÚďÏÚĹðÚĖĽûĽ˂ʥʟ
Ľû·ʟˁAĝĕĝʟÚĹÚÐŅŊĽʟĉ·Ş·ĖûÐŊĽʥʟAĝĕĝʟÚĹÚÐŅŊĽ ‹ÚďŊðŊʟ
зÖÚĕť
ĶÚČûĖÚĖĽûĽ˂
 2

ˁÐ˂ʟ^Ú·ĖÖÚĹŅ÷·ďʟĕ·ĖʾW·ʻÐ÷·ĶÚďďÚʻ·ŊŤʻĽ·ûĖŅĽʟˁď·ĽĽûзďʟŅťĶÚ˂ʥʟ]Ņʤ
·ĹĕÚďʟˁ}ĹĝðĹÚĽĽûŞÚʟŅťĶÚ˂ʤ
ˁÖ˂ʟ€÷ĝÖÚĽû·Ėʟĕ·Ėʤ
ˁÚ˂ʟAĝĕĝʟĽ·ĶûÚĖĽʾĹĝĕ·ðĖĝĖʥʟ:Ĺûĕ·ďÖûʟ·ĖÖʟ÷·ĖÐÚď·ÖÚʤ

1.7 The biological basis of Life : ‹÷ÚʟÚďďʥʟ ^
ʟĽŅĹŊÐŅŊĹÚ ·ĖÖ

ĹÚĶďûзŅûĝĖʥʟ}ĹĝŅÚûĖʟ„ťĖŅ÷ÚĽûĽʥʟ:ÚĖÚʥʟ]ŊŅ·ŅûĝĖʥʟ÷ĹĝĕĝĽĝĕÚĽʥʟ·ĖÖʟÚďď T÷·Ėʟ
зÖÚĕťʥʟ]E‹
ûŞûĽûĝĖʤ

Archaeology

1.8 ˁ·˂ Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. ÷ĹĝĖĝďĝðť ʦʟ€Úď·ŅûŞÚʟ·ĖÖ

ÏĽĝďŊŅÚʟ ·ŅûĖðʟĕÚŅ÷ĝÖĽʤ
ˁÏ˂ʟŊďŅŊĹ·ďʟ$ŞĝďŊŅûĝĖʾĹĝ·ÖʟdŊŅďûĖÚĽʟĝïʟ}ĹÚ÷ûĽŅĝĹûÐʟÐŊďŅŊĹÚĽʟʦ
ˁû˂ʟ}·ďÚĝďûŅ÷ûÐ E:^d
ˁûû˂ʟ]ÚĽĝďûŅ÷ûÐ
ˁûûû˂ʟ^ÚĝďûŅ÷ûÐ
ˁûŞ˂ʟ÷·ďÐĝďûŅ÷ûÐ
ˁŞ˂ʟĝĶĶÚĹʻĹĝĖŭÚʟ·ðÚ
ˁŞû˂ʟEĹĝĖʟ
ðÚ

Socio-Cultural Anthropology

2.1 The Nature of Culture ʦʟ‹÷ÚʟÐĝĖÐÚĶŅʟ·ĖÖʟÐ÷·Ĺ·ÐŅÚĹûĽŅûÐĽ ĝïʟÐŊďŅŊĹÚ E:^dʥʟ]·Ö·Ėʟ·ĖÖ

·ĖÖʟÐûŞûďûŭ·ŅûĝĖʧʟ$Ņ÷ĖĝÐÚĖŅĹûĽĕʟŞûĽʻ·ʻŞûĽʟÐŊďŅŊĹ·ďʟ€Úď·ŅûŞûĽĕʤ ]·ĉŊĕÖ·Ĺ

2.2 The Nature of Society ʦʟĝĖÐÚĶŅʟĝïʟ„ĝÐûÚŅťʧʟ„ĝÐûÚŅť ·ĖÖʟŊďŅŊĹÚʧ E:^dʥʟ]·Ö·Ėʟ·ĖÖ

„ĝÐû·ďʟEĖĽŅûŅŊŅûĝĖʧʟ„ĝÐû·ďʟðĹĝŊĶĽʧʟ·ĖÖʟ„ĝÐû·ďʟĽŅĹ·ŅûfiзŅûĝĖʤ ]·ĉŊĕÖ·Ĺ

2.3 Marriage ʦʟ ÚfiĖûŅûĝĖʟ·ĖÖʟŊĖûŞÚĹĽ·ďûŅťʧʟW·şĽʟĝï ĕ·ĹĹû·ðÚ

ˁÚĖÖĝð·ĕťʥʟÚŤĝð·ĕťʥʟ÷ťĶÚĹð·ĕťʥʟ÷ťĶĝð·ĕťʥʟûĖÐÚĽŅʟŅ·Ïĝĝ˂ʧʟ‹ťĶÚʟĝï
ĕ·ĹĹû·ðÚʟˁĕĝĖĝð·ĕťʥʟĶĝďťð·ĕťʥʟĶĝďť·ĖÖĹťʥʟðĹĝŊĶʟĕ·ĹĹû·ðÚ˂ʤ E:^dʥʟ]·Ö·Ėʟ·ĖÖ
9ŊĖÐŅûĝĖĽʟĝïʟĕ·ĹĹû·ðÚʧʟ]·ĹĹû·ðÚʟĹÚðŊď·ŅûĝĖĽʟˁĶĹÚïÚĹÚĖŅû·ďʥʟĶĹÚĽÐĹûĶŅûŞÚ ]·ĉŊĕÖ·Ĺ
·ĖÖʟĶĹĝĽÐĹûĶŅûŞÚ˂ʧʟ]·ĹĹû·ðÚʟĶ·ťĕÚĖŅĽʟˁÏĹûÖÚʟşÚ·ďŅ÷ʟ·ĖÖʟÖĝşĹť˂ʤ

2.4 Family : ÚfiĖûŅûĝĖʟ·ĖÖʟŊĖûŞÚĹĽ·ďûŅťʧʟ9·ĕûďťʥ ÷ĝŊĽÚ÷ĝďÖʟ·ĖÖ

ÖĝĕÚĽŅûÐʟðĹĝŊĶĽʧʟïŊĖÐŅûĝĖĽʟĝïʟï·ĕûďťʧʟ‹ťĶÚĽʟĝïʟï·ĕûďťʟˁ ïĹĝĕʟŅ÷Ú E:^dʥʟ]·Ö·Ėʟ·ĖÖ
ĶÚĹĽĶÚÐŅûŞÚĽʟĝïʟĽŅĹŊÐŅŊĹÚʥʟÏďĝĝÖʟĹÚď·ŅûĝĖʥʟĕ·ĹĹû·ðÚʥʟĹÚĽûÖÚĖÐÚʟ·ĖÖ ]·ĉŊĕÖ·Ĺ
ĽŊÐÐÚĽĽûĝĖ˂ʧʟEĕĶ·ÐŅʟĝïʟŊĹÏ·Ėûŭ·ŅûĝĖʥʟûĖÖŊĽŅĹû·ďûŭ·ŅûĝĖʟ·ĖÖʟïÚĕûĖûĽŅ
ĕĝŞÚĕÚĖŅĽʟĝĖʟï·ĕûďťʤ

2.5 Kinship : ĝĖĽ·ĖðŊûĖûŅťʟ·ĖÖʟ
ïfiĖûŅťʧʟ}ĹûĖÐûĶďÚĽ ·ĖÖʟŅťĶÚĽʟĝï

ÖÚĽÐÚĖŅʟˁĖûďûĖÚ·ďʥʟ ĝŊÏďÚʥʟûď·ŅÚĹ·ďʟ
ĕÏûďûĖÚ·ď˂ʧʟ9ĝĹĕĽʟĝïʟÖÚĽÐÚĖŅ E:^dʥʟ]·Ö·Ėʟ·ĖÖ
 3

ðĹĝŊĶĽʟˁďûĖÚ·ðÚʥʟÐď·ĖʥʟĶ÷Ĺ·ŅĹťʥʟĕĝûÚŅťʟ·ĖÖʟČûĖÖĹÚÖ˂ʧʟTûĖĽ÷ûĶ ]·ĉŊĕÖ·Ĺ
ŅÚĹĕûĖĝďĝðťʟˁÖÚĽÐĹûĶŅûŞÚʟ·ĖÖʟÐď·ĽĽûfiзŅĝĹť˂ʧʟ ÚĽÐÚĖŅʥʟ9ûďû·ŅûĝĖʟ·ĖÖ
ĝĕĶďÚĕÚĖŅ·Ĺťʟ9ûďû·ŅûĝĖʧʟ ÚĽÐÚĖŅʟ·ĖÖʟ
ďďû·ĖÐÚʤ

3 Economic Organization : ]Ú·ĖûĖðʥʟĽÐĝĶÚʟ·ĖÖʟĹÚďÚŞ·ĖÐÚ ĝïʟÚÐĝĖĝĕûÐ

·ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðťʧʟ9ĝĹĕ·ďûĽŅʟ·ĖÖʟ„ŊÏĽŅ·ĖŅûŞûĽŅʟÖÚÏ·ŅÚʧʟ}ĹûĖÐûĶďÚĽ
ðĝŞÚĹĖûĖðʟĶĹĝÖŊÐŅûĝĖʥʟÖûĽŅĹûÏŊŅûĝĖʟ·ĖÖʟÚŤÐ÷·ĖðÚʟˁĹÚÐûĶĹĝÐûŅťʥ E:^dʥʟ$ĕÏÚĹʟ·ĖÖ
ĹÚÖûĽŅĹûÏŊŅûĝĖʟ·ĖÖʟĕ·ĹČÚŅ˂ʥʟûĖʟÐĝĕĕŊĖûŅûÚĽʥʟĽŊÏĽûĽŅûĖðʟĝĖʟ÷ŊĖŅûĖðʟ·ĖÖ $ĕÏÚĹ
ð·Ņ÷ÚĹûĖðʥʟfiĽ÷ûĖðʥʟĽşûÖÖÚĖûĖðʥʟĶ·ĽŅĝĹ·ďûĽĕʥʟ÷ĝĹŅûÐŊďŅŊĹÚʥʟ·ĖÖ
·ðĹûÐŊďŅŊĹÚʧʟðďĝÏ·ďûŭ·ŅûĝĖʟ·ĖÖʟûĖÖûðÚĖĝŊĽʟÚÐĝĖĝĕûÐʟĽťĽŅÚĕĽʤ

4 Political Organization and Social Control : ·ĖÖʥ ŅĹûÏÚʥʟÐ÷ûÚïÖĝĕʥ E:^dʥʟ$ĕÏÚĹʟ·ĖÖ

ČûĖðÖĝĕʟ·ĖÖʟĽŅ·ŅÚʧʟÐĝĖÐÚĶŅĽʟĝïʟĶĝşÚĹʥʟ·ŊŅ÷ĝĹûŅťʟ·ĖÖʟďÚðûŅûĕ·ÐťʧʟĽĝÐû·ď $ĕÏÚĹ
ÐĝĖŅĹĝďʥʟď·şʟ·ĖÖʟĉŊĽŅûÐÚʟûĖʟĽûĕĶďÚʟ„ĝÐûÚŅûÚĽʤ

5 Religion :
ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðûзďʟ·ĶĶĹĝ·Ð÷ÚĽʟŅĝʟŅ÷ÚʟĽŅŊÖť ĝïʟĹÚďûðûĝĖ

ˁÚŞĝďŊŅûĝĖ·ĹťʥʟĶĽťÐ÷ĝďĝðûзďʟ·ĖÖʟïŊĖÐŅûĝĖ·ď˂ʧʟĕĝĖĝŅ÷ÚûĽĕʟ·ĖÖ
ĶĝďťŅ÷ÚûĽĕʧʟĽ·ÐĹÚÖʟ·ĖÖʟĶĹĝï·ĖÚʧʟĕťŅ÷Ľʟ·ĖÖʟĹûŅŊ·ďĽʧʟïĝĹĕĽʟĝïʟĹÚďûðûĝĖʟûĖ E:^dʥʟ$ĕÏÚĹʟ·ĖÖ
ŅĹûÏ·ďʟ·ĖÖʟĶÚ·Ľ·ĖŅʟ„ĝÐûÚŅûÚĽʟˁ·ĖûĕûĽĕʥʟ·Ėûĕ·ŅûĽĕʥʟïÚŅûĽ÷ûĽĕʥʟĖ·ŅŊĹûĽĕ $ĕÏÚĹ
·ĖÖʟŅĝŅÚĕûĽĕ˂ʧʟĹÚďûðûĝĖʥʟĕ·ðûÐʟ·ĖÖʟĽÐûÚĖÐÚʟÖûĽŅûĖðŊûĽ÷ÚÖʧ
ĕ·ðûÐĝʻĹÚďûðûĝŊĽʟïŊĖÐŅûĝĖ·ĹûÚĽʟˁĶĹûÚĽŅʥʟĽ÷·ĕ·ĖʥʟĕÚÖûÐûĖÚʟĕ·ĖʥĽĝĹÐÚĹÚĹ
·ĖÖʟşûŅÐ÷˂ʤ

6 Anthropological theories :
ˁ·˂ʟď·ĽĽûзďʟÚŞĝďŊŅûĝĖûĽĕʟˁ‹ťďĝĹʥʟ]ĝĹð·Ėʟ·ĖÖʟ9Ĺ·ŭÚĹ˂
ˁÏ˂ʟAûĽŅĝĹûзďʟĶ·ĹŅûÐŊď·ĹûĽĕʟˁĝ·Ľ˂ʟ ûïïŊĽûĝĖûĽĕʟˁĹûŅûĽ÷ʥʟ:ÚĹĕ·Ėʟ·ĖÖ

ĕÚĹûзĖ˂
ˁÐ˂ʟ9ŊĖÐŅûĝĖ·ďûĽĕʟˁ]·ďûĖĝşĽČû˂ʧʟ„ŅĹŊÐŅŊĹ·ďʾ9ŊĖÐŅûĝĖ·ďûĽĕ
ˁ€·ÖÐďûïïÚʻĹĝşĖ˂
ˁÖ˂ʟ„ŅĹŊÐŅŊĹ·ďûĽĕʟˁWÚŞûʻ„ŅĹ·ŊĽĽʟ·ĖÖʟ$ʤʟWÚ·Ð÷˂ Ķ·Ö÷ť·ťʟ·ĖÖʟ:·ť·
ˁÚ˂ʟŊďŅŊĹÚʟ·ĖÖʟĶÚĹĽĝĖ·ďûŅťʟˁÚĖÚÖûÐŅʥʟ]Ú·ÖʥʟWûĖŅĝĖʥʟT·ĹÖûĖÚĹʟ·ĖÖ }·ĖÖÚťʥ ĖûŞÚĹĽûŅť
ĝĹ·ʻÖŊʟĝûĽ˂ ĝïʟ
ď·Ï·ĕ·
ˁ ï˂ʟ^ÚĝʾÚŞĝďŊŅûĝĖûĽĕʟˁ÷ûďÖÚʥʟ¥÷ûŅÚʥʟ„ŅÚş·ĹÖʥʟ„·÷ďûĖĽʟ·ĖÖʟ„ÚĹŞûÐÚ˂
ˁð˂ʟŊďŅŊĹ·ďʟĕ·ŅÚĹû·ďûĽĕʟˁA·ĹĹûĽ˂
ˁ÷˂ʟ„ťĕÏĝďûÐʟ·ĖÖʟûĖŅÚĹĶĹÚŅûŞÚʟŅ÷ÚĝĹûÚĽʟˁ‹ŊĹĖÚĹʥʟ„Ð÷ĖÚûÖÚĹʟ·ĖÖʟ:ÚÚĹŅŭ˂
ˁû˂ʟĝðĖûŅûŞÚʟŅ÷ÚĝĹûÚĽʟˁ‹ťďÚĹʥʟĝĖČďûĖ˂
ˁĉ˂ʟ}ĝĽŅĕĝÖÚĹĖûĽĕʟûĖʟ·ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðťʤ

7 Culture, Language and Communication : ^·ŅŊĹÚʥʟĝĹûðûĖ ·ĖÖ E:^dʥʟ$ĕÏÚĹʟ·ĖÖ

Ð÷·Ĺ·ÐŅÚĹûĽŅûÐĽʟĝïʟď·ĖðŊ·ðÚʧʟŞÚĹÏ·ďʟ·ĖÖʟĖĝĖʻŞÚĹÏ·ďʟÐĝĕĕŊĖûзŅûĝĖʧ $ĕÏÚĹ
ĽĝÐû·ďʟÐĝĖŅÚŤŅʟĝïʟď·ĖðŊ·ðÚʟŊĽÚʤ
 4

8 Research methods in Anthropology :

ˁ·˂ʟ9ûÚďÖşĝĹČʟŅĹ·ÖûŅûĝĖʟûĖʟ·ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðť
ˁÏ˂ʟ ûĽŅûĖÐŅûĝĖʟÏÚŅşÚÚĖʟŅÚÐ÷ĖûĸŊÚʥʟĕÚŅ÷ĝÖʟ·ĖÖʟĕÚŅ÷ĝÖĝďĝðť
ˁÐ˂ʟ‹ĝĝďĽʟĝïʟÖ·Ņ·ʟÐĝďďÚÐŅûĝĖʟʦʟĝÏĽÚĹŞ·ŅûĝĖʥʟûĖŅÚĹŞûÚşʥʟĽÐ÷ÚÖŊďÚĽʥ E:^d
ĸŊÚĽŅûĝĖĖ·ûĹÚʥʟзĽÚʟĽŅŊÖťʥʟðÚĖÚ·ďĝðťʥʟďûïÚʻ÷ûĽŅĝĹťʥʟĝĹ·ďʟ÷ûĽŅĝĹťʥ
ĽÚÐĝĖÖ·ĹťʟĽĝŊĹÐÚĽʟĝïʟûĖïĝĹĕ·ŅûĝĖʥʟĶ·ĹŅûÐûĶ·ŅĝĹťʟĕÚŅ÷ĝÖĽʤ
ˁÖ˂ʟ
Ė·ďťĽûĽʥʟûĖŅÚĹĶĹÚŅ·ŅûĝĖʟ·ĖÖʟĶĹÚĽÚĖŅ·ŅûĝĖʟĝïʟÖ·Ņ·ʤ

Biological Anthropology

9.1 Human Genetics : ]ÚŅ÷ĝÖĽʟ·ĖÖʟ
ĶĶďûзŅûĝĖʟʦʟ]ÚŅ÷ĝÖĽ ïĝĹʟĽŅŊÖťʟĝï

ðÚĖÚŅûÐʟĶĹûĖÐûĶďÚĽʟûĖʟĕ·Ėï·ĕûďťʟĽŅŊÖťʟˁĶÚÖûðĹÚÚʟ·Ė·ďťĽûĽʥʟŅşûĖʟĽŅŊÖťʥ
ïĝĽŅÚĹʟÐ÷ûďÖʥʟÐĝʻŅşûĖʟĕÚŅ÷ĝÖʥʟÐťŅĝðÚĖÚŅûÐʟĕÚŅ÷ĝÖʥʟÐ÷ĹĝĕĝĽĝĕ·ďʟ·ĖÖ T÷·Ėʟ
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Č·ĹťĝʻŅťĶÚʟ·Ė·ďťĽûĽ˂ʥʟÏûĝÐ÷ÚĕûзďʟĕÚŅ÷ĝÖĽʥʟûĕĕŊĖĝďĝðûзďʟĕÚŅ÷ĝÖĽʥ ‹ÚďŊðŊʟ
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ʤʟŅÚÐ÷Ėĝďĝðťʟ·ĖÖʟĹÚÐĝĕÏûĖ·ĖŅʟŅÚÐ÷ĖĝďĝðûÚĽʤ

9.2 Mendelian genetics ûĖʟĕ·Ėʻï·ĕûďťʟĽŅŊÖťʥʟĽûĖðďÚ ï·ÐŅĝĹʥʟĕŊďŅûï·ÐŅĝĹʥ T÷·Ėʟ
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ďÚŅ÷·ďʥʟĽŊÏʻďÚŅ÷·ďʟ·ĖÖʟĶĝďťðÚĖûÐʟûĖ÷ÚĹûŅ·ĖÐÚʟûĖʟĕ·Ėʤ ‹ÚďŊðŊʟ
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9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism ·ĖÖʟĽÚďÚÐŅûĝĖʥ ]ÚĖÖÚďû·Ė

ĶĝĶŊď·ŅûĝĖʥʟA·ĹÖťʻ¥ÚûĖÏÚĹðʟď·şʧʟзŊĽÚĽʟ·ĖÖʟÐ÷·ĖðÚĽʟş÷ûÐ÷ʟÏĹûĖð
ÖĝşĖʟïĹÚĸŊÚĖÐťʻĕŊŅ·ŅûĝĖʥʟûĽĝď·ŅûĝĖʥʟĕûðĹ·ŅûĝĖʥʟĽÚďÚÐŅûĝĖʥʟûĖÏĹÚÚÖûĖð T÷·Ėʟ
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·ĖÖʟðÚĖÚŅûÐʟÖĹûïŅʤʟĝĖĽ·ĖðŊûĖÚĝŊĽʟ·ĖÖʟĖĝĖʻÐĝĖĽ·ĖðŊûĖÚĝŊĽʟĕ·ŅûĖðʥ ‹ÚďŊðŊʟ
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ðÚĖÚŅûÐʟďĝ·ÖʥʟðÚĖÚŅûÐʟÚïïÚÐŅʟĝïʟÐĝĖĽ·ĖðŊûĖÚĝŊĽʟ·ĖÖʟÐĝŊĽûĖʟĕ·ĹĹû·ðÚĽʤ

9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology.

ˁ·˂ʟ^ŊĕÚĹûзďʟ·ĖÖʟĽŅĹŊÐŅŊĹ·ďʟ·ÏÚĹĹ·ŅûĝĖĽʟˁÖûĽĝĹÖÚĹĽ˂ʤ
ˁÏ˂ʟ„ÚŤʟÐ÷ĹĝĕĝĽĝĕ·ďʟ·ÏÚĹĹ·ŅûĝĖʻʟTďûĖÚïÚďŅÚĹʟˁªª«˂ʥʟ‹ŊĹĖÚĹʟˁªd˂ʥʟ„ŊĶÚĹ
ïÚĕ·ďÚʟˁªªª˂ʥʟûĖŅÚĹĽÚŤʟ·ĖÖʟĝŅ÷ÚĹʟĽťĖÖĹĝĕûÐʟÖûĽĝĹÖÚĹĽʤ
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ŊŅĝĽĝĕ·ďʟ·ÏÚĹĹ·ŅûĝĖĽʻʟ ĝşĖʟĽťĖÖĹĝĕÚʥʟ}·Ņ·Ŋʥʟ$Öş·ĹÖʟ·ĖÖ ‹ÚďŊðŊʟ
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ĹûʻÖŊʻÐ÷·ŅʟĽťĖÖĹĝĕÚĽʤ E:^d
ˁÖ˂ʟ:ÚĖÚŅûÐʟûĕĶĹûĖŅĽʟûĖʟ÷Ŋĕ·ĖʟÖûĽÚ·ĽÚʥʟðÚĖÚŅûÐʟĽÐĹÚÚĖûĖðʥʟðÚĖÚŅûÐ
ÐĝŊĖĽÚďûĖðʥʟ÷Ŋĕ·Ėʟ ^
ʟĶĹĝfiďûĖðʥʟðÚĖÚʟĕ·ĶĶûĖðʟ·ĖÖʟðÚĖĝĕÚʟĽŅŊÖťʤ

9.5 Race and racismʥʟÏûĝďĝðûзďʟÏ·ĽûĽʟĝïʟĕĝĹĶ÷ĝďĝðûÐ·ď Ş·Ĺû·ŅûĝĖʟĝï

ĖĝĖʻĕÚŅĹûÐʟ·ĖÖʟÐ÷·Ĺ·ÐŅÚĹĽʤʟ€·Ðû·ďʟÐĹûŅÚĹû·ʥʟĹ·Ðû·ďʟŅĹ·ûŅĽʟûĖʟĹÚď·ŅûĝĖʟŅĝ ‹ÚďŊðŊʟ
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÷ÚĹÚÖûŅťʟ·ĖÖʟÚĖŞûĹĝĖĕÚĖŅʧʟÏûĝďĝðûзďʟÏ·ĽûĽʟĝïʟĹ·Ðû·ďʟÐď·ĽĽûfiзŅûĝĖʥ
Ĺ·Ðû·ďʟÖûïïÚĹÚĖŅû·ŅûĝĖʟ·ĖÖʟĹ·ÐÚʟÐĹĝĽĽûĖðʟûĖʟĕ·Ėʤ

9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker :
dʥʟ€÷

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ĽÚĖĽĝĹťʟĶÚĹÐÚĶŅûĝĖĽʟûĖʟÖûïïÚĹÚĖŅʟÐŊďŅŊĹ·ďʟ·ĖÖʟĽĝÐûĝʻÚÐĝĖĝĕûÐʟðĹĝŊĶĽʤ

9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology : ûĝʻÐŊďŅŊĹ·ď

Ö·ĶŅ·ŅûĝĖĽʾ:ÚĖÚŅûÐʟ·ĖÖʟ^ĝĖʻðÚĖÚŅûÐʟï·ÐŅĝĹĽʤʟ]·ĖˌĽʟĶ÷ťĽûĝďĝðûÐ·ď ‹ÚďŊðŊʟ
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ĹÚĽĶĝĖĽÚĽʟŅĝʟÚĖŞûĹĝĖĕÚĖŅ·ďʟĽŅĹÚĽĽÚĽʦʟ÷ĝŅʟÖÚĽÚĹŅʥʟÐĝďÖʥʟ÷ûð÷ʟ·ďŅûŅŊÖÚ
Ðďûĕ·ŅÚʤ

9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology : AÚ·ďŅ÷ʟ·ĖÖʟÖûĽÚ·ĽÚʤ EĖïÚÐŅûĝŊĽʟ·ĖÖ

ĖĝĖʻûĖïÚÐŅûĝŊĽʟÖûĽÚ·ĽÚĽʥʟ^ŊŅĹûŅûĝĖ·ďʟÖÚfiÐûÚĖÐťʟĹÚď·ŅÚÖʟÖûĽÚ·ĽÚĽʤ ‹ÚďŊðŊʟ
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10 Concept of human growth and Development : „Ņ·ðÚĽ ĝï

ðĹĝşŅ÷ʾĶĹÚʻĖ·Ņ·ďʥʟĖ·Ņ·ďʥʟûĖï·ĖŅʥʟÐ÷ûďÖ÷ĝĝÖʥʟ·ÖĝďÚĽÐÚĖÐÚʥʟĕ·ŅŊĹûŅťʥ
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ʾÏûĝďĝðûзďʟ·ĖÖʟÐ÷ĹĝĖĝďĝðûзďʟďĝĖðÚŞûŅťʤʟAŊĕ·ĖʟĶ÷ťĽûĸŊÚʟ·ĖÖ
Ľĝĕ·ŅĝŅťĶÚĽʤʟ]ÚŅ÷ĝÖĝďĝðûÚĽʟïĝĹʟðĹĝşŅ÷ʟĽŅŊÖûÚĽʤ

11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause ·ĖÖʟĝŅ÷ÚĹʟÏûĝÚŞÚĖŅĽ ŅĝʟïÚĹŅûďûŅťʤ ‹ÚďŊðŊʟ
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9ÚĹŅûďûŅťʟĶ·ŅŅÚĹĖĽʟ·ĖÖʟÖûïïÚĹÚĖŅû·ďĽʤ ^·Ņ÷

11.2 Demographic theoriesʻÏûĝďĝðûзďʥʟĽĝÐû·ďʟ·ĖÖʟÐŊďŅŊĹ·ďʤ ]ʟ ·Ľ

11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors ûĖflŊÚĖÐûĖð ïÚÐŊĖÖûŅťʥ ]ʟ ·Ľ

ïÚĹŅûďûŅťʥʟĖ·Ņ·ďûŅťʟ·ĖÖʟĕĝĹŅ·ďûŅťʤ

12 Applications of Anthropology :
ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðťʟĝï ĽĶĝĹŅĽʥʟ^ŊŅĹûŅûĝĖ·ď

·ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðťʥʟ
ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðťʟûĖʟÖÚĽûðĖûĖðʟĝïʟÖÚïÚĖÐÚʟ·ĖÖʟĝŅ÷ÚĹ
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ĖŅ÷ĹĝĶĝďĝðťʥʟ]ÚŅ÷ĝÖĽʟ·ĖÖʟĶĹûĖÐûĶďÚĽʟĝï E:^dʥʟ}ʟ^·Ņ÷ʥ
ĶÚĹĽĝĖ·ďʟûÖÚĖŅûfiзŅûĝĖʟ·ĖÖʟĹÚÐĝĖĽŅĹŊÐŅûĝĖʥʟ
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ŅÚÐ÷ĖĝďĝðťʟûĖʟÖûĽÚ·ĽÚĽʟ·ĖÖʟĕÚÖûÐûĖÚʥʟĽÚĹĝðÚĖÚŅûÐĽʟ·ĖÖʟÐťŅĝðÚĖÚŅûÐĽʟûĖ
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