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ɋɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɚɤ-
ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɨɬ ɬɟɡɢɫ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɬ. ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢ-
ɜɚɰɢɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɦɨɬɢɜ, ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ, ɷɦɨɰɢɹ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨ-
ɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ
E.A. Pyryev
In the article emotions are presented as an important motivation power that influences human behavior. Psycho-
logical characteristic has been given to such basic motivational emotions as fear, joy, sorrow, anger. Problems of the-
ory and practice of emotional motivation are analyzed.
Keywords: motive, motivation, emotion, emotional, emotional conditions and qualities, emotional motivation.
7
ȼȿɋɌɇɂɄ ȻɍɊəɌɋɄɈȽɈ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌȺ 5/2011
ɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɩɨɥɨ-
ɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ, ɚ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ» [5,
c. 57]. ȼ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɹ ɧɚ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɧɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɋ.Ʌ. Ɋɭɛɢɧɲɬɟɣɧɨɦ ɜ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ», ɝɞɟ ɨɧ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɷɦɨɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ (ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ). ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɧ ɩɢɲɟɬ: «ȼɵɫɬɭɩɚɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɷɦɨɰɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ … ɗɦɨɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜ-
ɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɹ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ,
ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤ ɞɟɹ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ» [8, c. 152].
ȼ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ Ɋɭɛɢɧɲɬɟɣɧɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɨɥɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɢ-
ɠɚɣɲɟɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɦɨɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «ɩɭɫ-
ɤɨɜɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ» ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨ-
ɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ-
ɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɦɨɣ, ɧɨ ɞɚ-
ɥɟɤɨɣ ɞɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɚɜɧɸɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤɨɜ ɨɬɟɱɟ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɉ.Ʉ. Ⱥɧɨɯɢɧ, Ȼ.ɂ. Ⱦɨɞɨɧɨɜ, Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ, ɉ.ȼ.
ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ.
Ȼ.ɂ. Ⱦɨɞɨɧɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɤ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨ-
ɫɬɢ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɤɚɤ «ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨ-
ɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ», ɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ – ɤɚɤ «ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɵ, ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ
ɧɚɲɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ» [3, c. 18].
ɉ.Ʉ. Ⱥɧɨɯɢɧ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨ-
ɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɗɦɨɰɢɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɪɨɥɶ «ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ». ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɦɨɰɢɟɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ, ɬɨ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ [1].
ɉɨɯɨɠɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧ-
ɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ
ɬɚɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɧɨ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɫɚɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɯ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ [6].
Ɉɛɳɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɭɳɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ. Ɂ.Ɏɪɟɣɞ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨ, ɨɧ ɩɢɫɚɥ: «ȼɫɹɤɨɟ ɩɫɢ-
ɯɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɨɝ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɞɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬ-
ɜɢɟɦ… ɜ ɞɭɲɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɤ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ [10, c. 383].
Ƚɟɞɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɬɹɝɚ ɤ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɸ ɩɨɞɱɚɫ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɸɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ – ɱɟ-
ɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɶ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɥɟɝɤɢɦ ɢ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ, ɚ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ, ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢ-
ɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ.
ɉɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɟɞɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭ ɧɚɪɤɨɦɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɢɤɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨ-
ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɦ-
ɩɚɧɢɢ (ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ) ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ
ɩɥɚɬɵ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɸ, ɝɞɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨ-
ɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ: ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ, ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɢ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬ. Ɍɚɤ ɡɚɦɟɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶ-
ɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɨɧ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɸ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨ-
ɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɬɨ-
ɠɟ ɨɬ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ.
Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɜ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ «ɷɦɨɰɢɹ – ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ» ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɟ
ɨɞɧɭ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ, ɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɵɟ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɚɤ-
ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɨɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɨɣ, ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢ-
ɤɭ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɫɬɶ.
8
ȿ.Ⱥ. ɉɵɪɶɟɜ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
9
ȼȿɋɌɇɂɄ ȻɍɊəɌɋɄɈȽɈ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌȺ 5/2011
ɉɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɭ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɢɞɟ-
ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɧɚɞ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ
ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɨɧɢ ɧɟɨɬɞɟɥɢɦɵ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟ, ɧɚ-
ɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɦ «ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ».
ȼ.Ʉ. ȼɢɥɸɧɚɫ ɢ Ɋ.ɍ. Ʌɢɩɟɪ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ –
ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɦ, ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɷɦɨɰɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ-
ɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɭ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ. ɋɜɹɡɶ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɫ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɨ-
ɜɚɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɹ ɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɭɸ ɷɦɨɰɢɸ [2; 7].
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨ-
ɪɚɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɟɟ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɷɦɨɰɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟ-
ɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨ-
ɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ, ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɱɟɦ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ.
ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɱɟɫɬɨɥɸɛɢɹ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɭɫɩɟɯɟ (ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨ) ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɝɨɪɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ. ɋɩɪɚɜɟɞ-
ɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɞɭɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɭɫɩɟɯ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɟ-
ɪɟɠɢɬɶ ɷɦɨɰɢɸ ɩɟɱɚɥɢ, ɨɝɨɪɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɚɜɞɚ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɫɹɬ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ,
ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ.
ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɥɨɫɬɶ, ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɤɚ-
ɡɚɬɶ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɭɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ. Ɇɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɚɦɛɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ. ɍ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɦ, ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɡɥɨɫɬɶɸ,
ɭ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ – ɫɬɪɚɯɨɦ, ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɭɧɢɱɢɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ.
Ɉɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ-
ɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ: ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ, ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ, ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɟɛɹ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɞɥɹ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɤɨɦɩɟ-
ɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ.
ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɷɦɨɰɢɹɦ ɱɚɫ-
ɬɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɵɦ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, Ʉ.ɗ. ɂɡɚɪɞ ɩɢɲɟɬ, ɱɬɨ «ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɩɟɪɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɣ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɨɬ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ, ɪɟɞɤɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨ-
ɫɬɨɣ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɣ ɷɦɨɰɢɟɣ» [8, c. 63]. ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɢɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɩɨɛɭɠ-
ɞɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ. ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɡɥɢɬɶɫɹ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɭ
ɧɟɝɨ ɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɡɪɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢɫɩɭɝɚɬɶɫɹ,
ɡɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɨɡɥɢɬɶɫɹ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɯ [4].
ɂɡɚɪɞ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɭɝɚɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ.
Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɞɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɨ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ – ɨɧɨ ɩɨɡɜɨ-
ɥɹɟɬ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ, ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟ-
ɤɨɦ [8].
Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɂɡɚɪɞɚ ɨ ɩɨɥɢɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɧɚ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɚ ɧɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ, ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ
ɩɭɬɢ ɤ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ (ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ
ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ).
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢɯ ɫ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɫ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ, ɤɚɤ ɜɢ-
ɞɢɬɫɹ, ɨɧɚ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɜ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɥɵ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ. ɗɦɨɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɢɯ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɹɜ-
ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɢɥɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɢɥɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ, ɜ
ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɧɟ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ – ɱɟɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ, ɬɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɢɥɚ, ɚ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ-
ɫɬɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɩɟɱɚɥɶ, ɝɪɭɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɱɚɫ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ, ɧɨ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɢɜ ɫɢɥ, ɧɟɨɛ-
ɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɭ ɧɢɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ. ɂɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɚɩɚɬɢɢ, ɛɟɡɵɫ-
ɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɝɧɟɜɚ, ɡɥɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɧɚɜɢɫɬɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ
ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɟɞɟ-
ɧɢɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɗɦɨɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɪɝɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ⱦɚɧ-
ɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢɥɢɜ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ.
ɉɨɞɜɟɞɟɦ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɢɬɨɝɢ. Ɂɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ, ɜɟɳɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ,
ɫɤɪɵɬɵ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɜɢɞɧɵ ɡɚ ɟɝɨ
10
Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ƚɭɧɡɭɧɨɜɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫ-
ɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɤɭɪɫɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɪɨɥɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɛɚɪɶɟɪɵ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɨɛɨ-
ɝɚɬɢɬ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɚɭɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ⱥɧɨɯɢɧ ɉ.Ʉ. Ɉɱɟɪɤɢ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. – Ɇ., 1995. – 179 ɫ.
2. ȼɢɥɸɧɚɫ ȼ.Ʉ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ // ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ. ɏɪɟɫɬɨɦɚɬɢɹ. – ɋɉɛ.: ɉɢɬɟɪ, 2007. –
ɋ. 8 – 40.
3. Ⱦɨɞɨɧɨɜ Ȼ.ɂ. ɗɦɨɰɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. – Ɇ.: ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, 1978. – 160 ɫ.
4. ɂɡɚɪɞ Ʉɷɪɪɨɥ ɗ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ. – ɋɉɛ.: ɉɢɬɟɪ, 2002. – 464 ɫ.
5. Ʉɚɜɟɪɢɧ ɋ.Ȼ. ɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ. – Ɇ.: Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ, 1991. – 218 ɫ.
6. Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ Ⱥ.ɇ. ɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɬɢɜɵ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ. – Ɇ., 1975. – 486 ɫ.
7. Ʌɢɩɟɪ Ɋ.ɍ. Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ // ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ. – ɋɉɛ.: ɉɢɬɟɪ, 2007. – ɋ. 210-224.
8. Ɋɭɛɢɧɲɬɟɣɧ ɋ.Ʌ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. – Ɇ.: ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, 1989. Ɍɨɦ 2. – 328 ɫ.
9. ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜ ɉ.ȼ. ɗɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɡɝ. – Ɇ.: Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ, 1981. – 294 ɫ.
10. Ɏɪɟɣɞ Ɂ. ɉɨ ɬɭ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ // ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɛɟɫɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1989. – ɋ.
382-424.
ɉɵɪɶɟɜ ȿɜɝɟɧɢɣ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱ – ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɉɪɟɧɛɭɪɝɫɤɨ-
ɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ (ɝ. Ɉɪɟɧɛɭɪɝ). E-mail: evgpyrev@yandex.ru
Pyryev Evgeniy Alexandrovich – candidate of psychology, associate professor of general psychology department of Orenburg
State Pedagogical University (Orenburg). E-mail: evgpyrev@yandex.ru
ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɞɚɧ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨ-
ɝɨɜ. ɍɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɦɨ-
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ, ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ, ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ,
ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
B.A. Gunzunova
APPLICATION OF MENTAL SELF-REGULATION
IN PROFESSIONAL PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY
The article presents a systematic analysis of existing approaches and methods of states self- regulation. The classi-
fication and features of self-control methods application in professional activities of teachers are shown. The signifi-
cance of mental self-regulation study as a means of emotional states harmonizing and professionalization of teachers’
activity is approved.
Key words: professional pedagogical activity, occupational health, regulation of activity, subjective self-
regulation, methods and means of mental self-regulation, emotional states.
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