Chicago Journal

Notes upon Some Medieval Astronomical, Astrological and Mathematical Manuscripts at
Florence, Milan, Bologna and Venice

Author(s): Lynn Thorndike
Source: Isis, Vol. 50, No. 1 (Mar., 1959), pp. 33-50
Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/226537 .
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Notes upon Some Medieval
Astronomical,Astrological and
Mathemnatical
Manuscripts at
Florence, Milan, Bologna
and Veni ace
By Lynn Thorndike*
Table of Contents
? MS
I Florence,Ashburnham204
3 Laurent.Plut. 27 sinis.,cod. 8
4 Plut. 29, cod. 43
6 Nazionale II.iii.24
12 Riccardian 885
I5 Milan,Ambros.G.70.sup.
I6 M.35.SUp.
17 Bologna,Bibl. Univ. 154 (132)
20 Venice,S. MarcoVIII,g
21 VIII,69
Indexof Names and Subjects
Index of Manuscripts
Indexof Incipits
T HIS article gives some accountof the mathematical,astronomicaland
astrological contents of a number of manuscripts in libraries at Florence,
Bologna and Venice, noting especially those treatises which are less well known,
and those points on which these manuscripts disagree with others. They will
be considered for each city in turn under the collections to which they belong.
Since the contents of a particular manuscript may be quite miscellaneous and
heterogeneous, indices are added of authors, subjects, manuscripts mentioned,
and incipits. For purposes of ready reference to such indices, the text is divided
into numbered sections. The manuscripts are all in Latin, unless otherwise
stated, and are of the later medieval period, none antedating the twelfth
century.1
I. ASHBURNHAM 204, in the Laurentian Library at Florence, is a composite
manuscript,of which the differentparts date from three centuries, the thirteenth,
fourteenth and fifteenth.2 The opening tract, at fols. 2r-i4v, in an early
fourteenth-century hand, is recognizable from its incipit, "Compotus est
* ColumbiaUniversity. Nationale of Paris see Journal of the Warburg
'Two previous articles in Isis, I956, 47: and CourtauldInstitutes, 1957, 20: 112-172.
39I-404; I958, 49: 34-49, have dealt similarly 2In the Catalogueof I89I the MS is num-
with a few such manuscriptsat the Vatican. bered 130(204.-136): Ministero deBa pubbHca
For a number of mathematical, astronomical istruzione,Indici e Cataloghi,VII, I codici Ash-
and astrologicalmanuscriptsat the Bibliothbque burnhamiani,I,3 (I89I), pp. 208-210.
33

34 LYNN THORNDIKE
scientia certificandi tempus ..." as the Computus of Bonus de Lucca.3
According to the notice of another manuscript of it,4 which was probably
written in I322, the work was composed about I254, since several examples
in it are so dated. In our manuscript years mentioned are I252, I263, I254
and I257, I254 and I255.5
After recipes in the vernacular against bad weather, written in a hand of
the fifteenth century, comes a brief and rare tract on lunations dated I248.6
Tables of lunar and solar months follow, and various brief tracts or extracts
including a moon-book, Egyptian days, the rule of the planets over each hour
of the day, a Ratio paschalis latinorum for the years I354-I372, divination
from the day of the week upon which the first day of the month happens to fall,
a medicament for the deaf, and a prayer to obtain grace. More mathematical
matter is reached in the Sphere and Computus of Sacrobosco, both here
anonymousand in a hand of the fifteenth century.7 The combination of science
and superstition, mathematics and divination is characteristic of the period.
2. The manuscript then closes with a Liber phiosophie which is really
astrological, written in a thirteen-century hand and dated near its close, io
October I205, or the Arabic year 602, the fourth day of the second month
(Safar), with king Philip then reigning in Germany and triumphing over
Cologne in the eighth year of his reign and the eleventh of the pontificate of
Arduicus, bishop of the church of Este." The difficulty with this dating and
passage is that the Arabic and Christian days do not agree, that Eubel and
Gams list no bishops of Este, and that Arduicus seems to be otherwise unknown.
Since, however, this is the sole copy of the work known to me, I give its chief
captions as an indication of the run of its contents.
Fol. 5ora,Divisiophilosophie,De mechanicascientia
sorb, De scientiamilitari,De civili scientia
5ira, De philosophiaet eius divisione
5iv, De nutrimentociborum
53ra,De tertiacausa
54va,De tertiacausascilicetde celo (mostof 54vbis left blank)
55ra,De membris
55rb,De horis
55vb,De domibus
58rb,De formaplanetarum
58va,De formasignorum
5gva, De particularibus impressionis,De duobusprincipiis
6ovb, De ascendentein I2 domibus
6ira, De primaobservatione,De coloribusdomorum
6irb, De gaudiis planetarumin domibus,De secundaobservationescilicet de
almud'bir,de tercia3, (in the text, Quartaquippeest observatio),De quinta5
6iva, De particularibus impressionissignorum
6ivb, De particularibus impressionisplanetarum
62ra, De Iove
62rb, De Marte, De Venere, De Mercurio
62va, De luna
62vb, De artibus planetarum, De iove, De marte, De sole
6-ira. De venere. De mercurin.
nDe Iina
II say more of it in an article on Computus 'At fols. 35r-42v and 42v-49r.
appearingin Speculum,1954, 29: 232-233. 8 At fols. 5ora-76rb,with the note as to date
'L'Art ancien, XIX, 5. at 7sra in red; incipit, "O mi karissimecui deus
'At fols. 3, 8, 9, IOV. adaugeat mentem et intellectumac scientiam et
'At fols. 17-20, opening,"Compertumest ab rectitudinem et discretionem,sepe et multum
antiquis . .." for which incipit it is the sole me rogasti . . ."; desinit, ". ..nichil reperitur
MS given in Thorndikeand Kibre, A Catalogue neque inveniri potest ad quod plus sit laboran-
of Incipits of Medieval Scientific Writings in dum nisi ad ipsa. Operi nostro finem imponi-
Latin (I93 7), col. 109. mus."

NOTES UPON SOME MEDIEVAL MANUSCRIPTS 35
63vb, De vita nati
64ra, De forma et figura nati
64rb, De sexu, De geminis
64vb, De monstruosisfiguris
65ra, De illis qui non crevere9
65va, De principio a quo iri per spacium vite
66ra, De parte fortune, De dominationibus,De duabus speciebus ylem
66vb, Item allo modo
67ra, De accidentibus anime scilicet de his que accidunt nato ex parte nature, De
accidentibus signorum
67rb, De qualitatibus planetarum
67va, De secunda domo
67vb, De tercia domo
68ra, De quarto domo
68rb, De vita matris
68va, De quinta domo
68vb, De sexta domo
6grb, De accidentibus anime
6gva, De epilenticis, De demoniacis
6gvb, De septima domo
7ova, De octava domo
7ovb, De morte non naturali sed pessima
7irb, De nona domo
7Iva, De decima domo
72rb, De undecima domo
72vb, De amicis et inimicis nati
73va, De duodecimadomo
73vb, De septem etatibus hominum et planetis relate
74vb, De profectione
3. LAURENTIANPLUT. 2 7 SINIS., COD.8. A fine copy of the second part of
the Etymologies of Isidore of Seville is contained in this thirteenth century folio
of the Laurentian Library at Florence.10 It is followed by a treatment of the
heavens with an unfamiliar incipit, which is not a part either of the Etymologies
or of Isidore's De natura rerum.11 Towards its close "sanctissimus doctor
gentium" is cited as to bisextile years.12 I noted the following rubrics in the
text but saw none for the fifth chapter or part.
Fol. 232V ii De signis et lumine stellarum
233V iii De vii planetis
234v iiii De signifero
239v vi De lune cursu per signa
240v vii De lune discursu si quis signa ignorat.
4. LAURENTIANPLUT. 29, COD.43 is a fifteenth-century volume on paper,
chained, and written in varied hands. The first part consists of a geometry and
an arithmetic in French. The former contains frequent figures and opens,
"Geometrieest une art par le quel sont trouvees toutes mesures. ..." 13 The
latter is preceded by figures of counters or jetons,14opens, "Puisque cy dessus
a este suffisamenttraitte . . . ')15 and is in nine parts ending with progression
and extraction of roots.16 Jehan Adams. in his arithmetic of IA7,. had consid-
'They are said to be midway between the 'At fols. 3r-3ov. Fol. 31 is blank.
still-born and those who live. 4On fol. 32 (old 31) r-v.
10PlUt. 27, silis., cod. 8, fols. I-230V, with 23 'At fol. 33r.
lines to a page. I Fol. 37v, "Progression8e espece"; "Extrac-
' At fols. 230V-244V, opening, "Celum dr- tion de racines9" espece." Most of fol. 41V and
culis quinque distinguiturquarum (sic) duo ex- the upper half of 42r are blank, followed by
tremi maxime frigidi australis humellimus et "Questionet Responce." At fol. 46v the French
aquillonius excellimus .. ."; and ending, ... text ends, and a number of blank leaves inter-
fruamuruno et permaneamusin unum. Amen." vene before the Latin text begins.
IAt fol. 244r.

36 LYNN THORNDIKE
ered only seven especes, leaving progressionsand extraction of square and cubic
roots to another treatise.17
5. The Latin section of the manuscript is devoted primarily to astronomical
instruments. A brief tract on a quadrant 18 and another on a sundial 19have
unfamiliarincipits. There is a figure of an "OrganumPtolomei," or sundial for
every clime.20 Soon comes the well known cylindrical sundial for travelers 21
and instructions for making another sundial which are found in other manu-
scripts.22 Finally the manuscriptends with a less known "geometricinstrument"
called Specula.23
6. Manuscript II. iii. 24 (Magliabech. XI, II7) of the Biblioteca Nazio-
nale Centraleat Florence, on membranein quarto maiori in various hands of the
fourteenth century, is a voluminous collection of mathematical and astronomi-
cal treatises, of which some further account may be given than the very brief
summary of its contents in the Inventari dei manoscritti d'Italia of Mazzatinti.
Its first 147 leaves are occupied by the Practica geometriae of Leonard of Pisa,
represented in the catalogue as acephalous, the writing on the first two leaves
having been rubbed out. This manuscript was not used in Boncompagni's
edition of the work, which was based solely on cod. Urbinat. 292 of the Vatican
Library.24 There are eight Distinctiones, as in his text.
The Algorismus at fols. I5ora-I53rb, for which the Catalogue and manu-
script name no author, is by John of Sacrobosco and is immediately followed
by his Sphere at fols. I 53rb-I 59va, with the poetical quotations in double-sized
letters and lines, and with marginal figures, and his Computus at fols. I59Vb-
I7ira, with the usual closing nine verses. Of these two treatises he is named
as author in the manuscript and Catalogue. The first leaf of the Algorismus
was once numbered one, beginning a manuscript originally distinct from the
Geometry of Leonard of Pisa.
7. Our manuscript next turns to astronomical instruments and first to the
quadrant. The New Quadrant of Profacius Hebraeus or Profatius Judaeus
was edited in I922 from this very manuscript,25together with a reproduction
in facsimile of the text at fols. I 7Ira-I 74vb, the little table of eleven fixed stars,
verified according to modern time, which are to be indicated on the instrument,
that fills out the last column,26the fine figures of the quadrant and its back,
which occupy fol. I75r-v, and the Table of Ascensions of the Signs at Paris
on fol. I76r.27
17 MS Ste. GeneviMve
fransais 3143, fol. 4r: 25G. Boffito and C. Melzi d'Eril, 1i quad-
see my Science and Thought in the Fifteenth rante d'Israek di Jacob ben Machir ben Tibbon
Century, 1929, pp. iSi-I6o. (Profacio), Firenze, 1922, Latin text at pp.
s Fol. 58r (55 in Bandin:'s catalogue), 25-39.
opening, "Quadranssequens fit hoc modo . . ." "Tabula stellarum fixarum verificatarum
and closing, ". . . debent esse precise eiusdem secundumtempus modernumqui debent poni in
longitudinis et equaliter divise." On fol. 58v instrumento."
is a figure of the quadrant. ' Boffito and Melzi d'Eril also added in full
"At fol. 59r, "Analemma,"opening, "Ho- Latin transcription and in facsimile from an
rar(i)umquadratumpro multis regionibus...." AshburnhamMS in the LaurentianLibrary the
'Fol. 6or, "Horologiumquadratuniin omni text of a brief Compositio quadrantis,opening,
climate valens." Fol. 6ov is blank; several par- "Quadransckl qui ex sexta parte circuli . . . "
agraphsin Italian occupyfols. 6ir-62v. which is not given in MS II. iii 24, and is not
' At fols. 63r-64r,opening,"Ad cylindricom- dirtinguishedas distinct in the Catalogue of I
positionem investigandamquod dicitur horolo- Codici Ashburnhamianiissued by the Ministero
gium viatorum . . ." with a figure of it on 64v. della pubblica instruzione, I,3 (i8gI). In Boffito
'At fol. 6sr-v, opening, "Ad componendum and Melzi d'Eril's list of MSS at p. 12, the
horarium fac semicirculum . . .". At fol. 66r the numberof the AshburnhamMS is correctlygiven
MS lapses into Italian again. as 206, but at pp. 40-41, the Latin text is in-
'3 Fol. 77r, opening, "Specula instrumentum correctlyheadedas from cod. Ashburnham204,
est quo loca quecumquea nobis visa... fols. 83v-84r, whereas that MS had only 76
24BaldassareBoncompagni,Scritti di Leonar- leaves in all, while the facsimileseems to present
do Pisano, vol. II (I862), pp. 1-224. a single page ratherthan a combinationof recto

8. Next comes the Old Quadrant, whose author is here given as John of
Montpellier.28After Tables at fols. 180r-182r, follows the treatise on the solid
sphere 29 which in some manuscripts is attributed to Accursius de Parma or
John de Harlebeke and is variously dated in 1303 or 1312, but is here, as
usually, anonymous.30 Then we have Messahala on the astrolabe, at fols.
I8gra-Ig8rb, and the Saphea of Arzachel, at fols. Ig8va-2o6rb, both well
known treatises, and recently edited.31
9. A treatise on eclipses of sun and moon by Peter of St. Omer32 iS imme-
diately followed by a work on an instrument called Eclipsorium by Petrus
Dacus and it by a Table of Master Petrus Phylomena de Dacia.34 Later on
we have the Calendar of Petrus de Dacia.3 It has been suggested that Peter
of St. Omer and Peter of Denmark were identical,36 but this seems very im-
probable, although a treatise by the one may have sometimes been erroneously
ascribed to the other. There is no reason why men with the same Christian
name from differentplaces should not have written on similar topics in the same
and verso. For the incipit, "Quadransckl . . . ," contenentePepistolade magnete di Pietro Pere-
see furtherThorndikeand Kibre,A Catalogueof grino de Maricourt,lettera, Verona,Rossi, i873.
Incipits, col. 539. There was, of course, an earlier translation
'At fols. I76va-i79vb: rubric,"Incipit trac- - or better, an independentaccount of the in-
tatus quadrantis veteris secundum magistrum strument- by Williamof Englandin 1231 which
Iohannemde Monte Pessulano."On the question opens, "Sidereimotus et effectus motuum spe-
of authorship see my "Who wrote Quadrans culator et duplex dux Ptholomeus . . ." or "Dis-
Vetus?" Isis, 1947, 37: 150-153. tinctiones eius instrumenti primo . . ." (as in
' At fols. I82va-I8gra: rubric, "Prohemium Oxford,Bodleian,Digby z67, 14th century, fols.
in compositionemet utilitates spere solide quod 67v-7Iv). L. A. Sedillot, Supplementau traitd
astrolabiumspericumet generale nuncupatur"; des instrumentsastronomiquesdes arabes, i844,
incipit, "Totius astrologie speculatiunis radix. began its publication,and Paul Tannery com-
pleted it in Notices et Extraits, 35 (i897), 635-
80In "Notes upon Some Medieval Astro- 640. Guntherpublishedmore or less of it in The
nomical, Astrologicaland MathematicalManu- Astrolabes of the World, I (1932), 259-262,
scripts at the Vatican," Isis, i956, 47: 393, I where it is followed indistinguishablyby the
have spoken of it anent another MS, Vatican first chapter of the 1263 translation.
Latin 3099. In BN 7i95 William of England's account
' The formerin R. T. Gunther,Early Science of 123i, at fols. 74rb-78ra, is immediately
in Oxford, V (I929), I33-23I; the latter by followed by the much longer translationof 1263
Millis Vallicrosa, in Biblioteca Hebraico-Cata- at fols. 78ra-givb. In BN i6652, an older manu-
lana, Barcelona, IV (I933). In our MS the script of the thirteenth century, at fols. 7r-gv,
Saphea occurs at fols. Ig8va-2o6rb, has 62 only William's "Opus astrolabii secundum Al-
chapters, and closes: "Explicit liber tabule que zarkel"occurs,with a fuller colophon, in which
nominatur Saphea patris Ysaach Azarchel cum the author calls himself not merely William of
laude dei et eius adiutorio translatusa magistro England, but also "a citizen of Marseilles,
Iohanne" (of Brescia) "anno domini 1263." medical by profession,an astronomerby scien-
The Latin text, as edited by Millis Valli- tific merit."
crosa, was based on three MSS: Paris, Biblio- '8 At fols. 206rb-208rb: rubric, "Incipit
th6que Nationale, Latin 7195, 14th century, tractatuseclipsiumsolis scilicetet lune secundum
fols. 78ra-9Ivb; London, British Museum, Har- Petrum de Sancto Odamaro"; incipit, "Cum
leian 625, 14th century, fols. I65r-I73r; Cam- eclipsim lune et eius quantitatem. . . ." See
bridge, Gonville and Caius 14I, pp. 563-582, Delisle, Un cabinet des manuscrits,III, 8ga, for
lacking the first nine chapters. It opens "De- another copy, where it is anonymous.
scripsionum que sunt in facie tabule prima 'At fols. 208rb-2 4ra (where it seems to
earum est circulus. . . ." Its 6ist and last end, the rest of the page being left blank; but
chapter closes: ". . . pervenies ad scientiam the cataloguemakes it run on to fol. 2I7r, thus
illarumduarumhorarumsi Deus voluerit." The including the Tabula): rubric, "Prohemiumin
following colophon is fuller than in our MS: tractatum eclipsorii Petri Dad"; incipit, "Pro-
"Explicit liber tabule que nominatur saphea lixitatem que etiam plurimisin proiectioneecip-
patris Ysaac Arzacheliscum laude Dei et eius sium laborantes ..."; at 2iova: rubric, "Se-
adiutorio. Translatumest hoc opus apud Mon- cunda pars huius tractatusque est de utilitatibus
tem Pessulanumde arabico in latinum in anno seu operationibushuius instrumenti."
domini nostri Ihesu Christi I263, Profatio gentis 'At fols. 2I4v-2I7r, "Tabula magistri Petri
hebreorumvulgarizanteet Johanne Brixiensiin Phylomenede Dacia." The Table itself is called
latinum reducente,amen." Philomena in Lyons, Bibl. du Palais des Arts,
I might mention one other MS of the Saphea MS 45, I4th century, fols. 7I-72V.
which is probably little known: Verona, Bibio- 'At fols. 232vb-24IV, opening, "In hoc
teca comunale 663, i5th century, fols. I01-I26, primacionum ciclo quatuor linee.... ."
"Incipit compositio instrumenti Saphee . . . / ' E. Zinner,"Petrusde Dacia, ein mittelalter-
. . . Expliciunt canones Sapheae per Jacobum licher Danischer Astronom," Archeion I936,
Lupinum." On the MS see Giuseppe Biadego, I8: 3I8-329.
Sopra un codice deUeBibi. Comunaledi Verona

38 LYNN THORNDIKE
field, as in the case of John de Lineriis and John of Saxony. With Peter of Den-
mark, who flourished about 129I, are more particularly associated an
arithmetic and a calendar; with Peter of St. Omer, a correction of the New
Quadrant of Profatius in A.D. I309.37
io. Four brief and familiar astronomical tracts attributed to Thebit ben
Corat occur together in our manuscript,38and are followed by the widely dis-
seminated Sundial of Travelers.39
A Tractatus de semissibus, which is here anonymous,40is attributed else-
where to Peter of St. Omer.4"Tables intervene before the Calendar of Peter
of Denmark already mentioned. This juxtaposition of works by the two Peters
with clear differentiationof their names and no suggestion of identity between
them seems a positive indication that they were quite distinct personages.
ii. Passing over the well known Canons of Arzachel on the Tables of Toledo
(fols. 242r-254r) and the Theory of the Planets ascribed to Gerardof Cremona
(fols. 255va-258rb), we reach "Inventio annorum et mensium Arabum per
annos et menses Christi secundum magistrum Campanum."42 Other astro-
nomical Tables fill the remaining pages of the manuscript as follows:
26IV-262v Tabulaequacionissinuset declinationum
263r-v Tabulasinuumtantum
264r Tabulaelevationumsignorum
265v-266r Tabulaelevationumsignorumin primoclimate (the seventhclimeis
reachedat fol. 27Iv)
272v-273r Tabulaascensionumsignorumad 50 gradus
273v-274r Tabula elevationumsignorumad latitudinemcivitatis Cremone
274V-275r Tabulaelevationumsignorumad latitudinemcivitatisTholeti
275v- Tabulaequacionisdomorumad latitudinemcivitatisTholeti (Pisces
is reachedat 278rb)
278v- Tables of sun and moon
282v Tabulemedii motus capitis draconisin annis Arabumad meridiem
Tholeti
283r Tabule medii cursusSaturniin annis Arabumad meridiemTholeti
(thoseforJupiterandMarsfollow)
28gr TabulamediiargumentiVenerisin annisArabumad meridiemTholeti
29Ir Tabula medii argumentiMercuriiin annis Arabumad meridiem
Tholeti
293r Tabulabipartialisintueriad sciendumlatitudinesplanetarum
294r Tabulaquadripartialis intueriad sciendumlatitudines5 planetarum
294vb Tablesof meanconjunctionsand oppositions
296v-298r Tablesof diversityof aspectof the moonin differentclimes.43
12. RIcCARDIAN 885 (L. II. ii, in Lami's Catalogue of I756). Among the
contents of this membrane manuscrint of some 268 leaves are treatises bv
"For MSS see A Catalogueof Incipits, col. rection of the New Quadrantof Profatius,which
589. opens, "Quoniam conceditur opus istius (or,
1 At fol. 2i8ra, De motu octave spere, huius) instrumenti. ...
opening, "Ymaginabor speram equatoris diei '1In Erfurt, Amplon. Q.366, 14th century,
. . ."; at 2x9va-b, De hiis que indigent exposi- fols. 58-68: "Quoniam non conceditur nobis
tione antequam kgitur Almagesti, opening, philosophie . . . / . . . impossibilis sicut eclipsis
lune. Expl. tract. semissarummag. Petri de S.
"Equator diei est circulus maior . . ."; at 22iva,
De ymaginatione spere, opening, "Nos iuxta Odomaro." See also Cues 214, I4th century,
imaginationem rectam . . ."; at 222va-223va, fols. I-4v, Petrus de S. Audomaro,Compositio
De qualitatibusstellarumet planetarumet primo instrumenti,opening, "Quoniamnon conceditur
terre, opening, "Ptolomeus et alii sapientes nobis. ...."
posuerunt corpus terre . . ." sometimes ascribed 'Opening at fol. 258va, "Quia vero perutile
to Abulhazen. est scire annos et menses Arabum, idcirco fed
At fols. 223va-225ra, "Incipit tractatus tabulam... ." Another 14th r-ntury MS is
chilindri quod horologium dicitur viatorum." Royal 12.C. IX, fol. 6or et seq. at the British
'At fols. 225ra-228ra, opening, "Quoniam Museum.
nou conceditur nobis . . ." followed by "Tabulae 'sOther Tables go on to fol. 30Iv; at 3o2r a
motus solis et lune" through fol. 232va. The table of contents concludes the MS.
incipit closely resembles that of the 1309 cor-

Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon and Campanus of Novara. Grosseteste is
represented by his Computus, tract on comets, and a fragment of his treatise
on the Sphere." Bacon's Perspectiva and De speculis comburentibus occur
here without naming their author.45 By Campanus we have his Theory of the
Planets46 and CoMputus,47 but De compositioneastrolabii,ascribedto him on
the flyleaf table of contents, is really the work of Messahala.48
I3. As mention of Alfraganus and Messahala has suggested, earlier Arabic
authors alternate in our manuscript with the aforesaid Christian Latin writers
of the thirteenth century. It further contains the Canons (without the Tables)
of Arzachel,49a De crepusculis which turns out to be the work of Alhazen,50
and a commentary of Geber on the Almagest.51
In the Speculum astronomiaeascribed to Albertus Magnus, after mentioning
the Almagest of Ptolemy and the astronomicalwork of Albategni (al-Battani),
it is said:
Ex his quoque duobuslibris collegit quidamvir librum secundumEuclidis
stilum, cuius commentariumcontinet sententiamutriusque,Ptolemaeiscilicet
atqueAlbategni,qulisic incipit,'Omniumrectephilosophantium.... 52
The work thus referred to is evidently our text and is usually attributed to
Jabir ibn Aflah or Geber filius Affla of Spain. It is in six books, which have
been outlined briefly by Mill's Vallicrosa,53but is different from another work
on the Almagest by the same Geber which is in nine books, opens, "Scientia
species habet quarum melior post scientiam fidei . . ." and of which we shall
presently give some further account based upon a Milan manuscript.54Both
works were translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona.
De crepusculis of Alhazen is followed in our manuscriptby what seems to be
" They occur in the reverse order. The marginof 58r, "IncipitTheoricaCampaniNova-
Spherefragment,in a hand of the 13th century, riensis et Compositio Instrumenti Equatorii
opens the MS, and ends at fol. 7vb, "Explicit planetarum";text incipit, "Primus philosophie
spera episcopiLincolniensis."At fols. 2I3r-2I4v, magister ipsius negotium in prima tria genera
"De cometis eiusdem,"as it is listed in a table dispartitur.. . ." There is a full-page figure at
of contents on the flyleaf of the MS, is by 6ir, part-page figures at 67r, 68r, 7ir, 78r, 82r,
Grossetesteand not by Roger Bacon, although 85r, g6r, 99 bis verso, Io3v; at fol. 66r, the
in the same handwritingas two works by him rubric,"De ordinesperarum";Tables occupying
which precede it. Whether the hand be early part of the page at 69-7or, 8ov, g8v, 99 bis recto,
i4th centuryor secondhalf of the i3th, as dated ioor, ioir, IOIV, Io2r. At fol. Io4r, "Expliciunt
by S. HarrisonThomson,The Writingsof Robert de instrumentisequacionisplanetarum."
Grosseteste, 1940, p. 94, it at least is earlier ' At fol. 252r, in 33 chapters, opening,
than that of anotherMS at Florence,Biblioteca "Rogavit me unus ex hiis quibus contradicere
Marucelliana,cod. C.I63, paper and second half nequeo . . ." and ending at 307v.
of 14th century, from which Thomson edited "At fols. io4r-io7r, opening, "Scito quod
Grosseteste,De cometis,in Isis, 1933, 19: 21-25, astrolabiumsit nomen grecum cuius interpreta-
and from which its incipit differs slightly, tio. .. ."
"Occasionecuiusdam comete que nuper appa- At fols. 8-30; fol. 31 is blank.
ruit . . ."; and its desinit completely, ". At fols. 124r-131v, opening, "Ostendere
quam imprimit in mentibus videntium potest autem volo quid sit crepusculum. . . ." The
conici qualitasrei future cuius est signum." The text, which might be late thirteenth-century
Computus,anonymous here and in i2 chapters, writing, is surroundingby a gloss of the early
at fols. 224ra-248rb,is followed by Tables at 14th century.
fols. 248rb-249v, and 25ov-25Ir, fols. 25or and 'Opening at fol. iogr, "Omniumrecte phi-
25IV being left blank. Incipit, "Computus est losophantium verisimilibus coniecturis . . ." and
sciencia variationis et divisionis temporum. ..." breakingoff unfinishedat fol. I23v, the next leaf
'At fols. 144r-ig8v, and 200r-212r, early having been cut out.
i4th century, written in a shiny black ink. 'Spec. astron., cap. 2, D. Alberti Magni
Between them, at fol. iggr (the verso is blank) Opera Omnia, X (I89I), 63i-632.
intervenesa brief tract, which opens, "Si circulo 'Las traducciones orientales en los manu-
inscribitur quadratum .. ." and is also found scritos de la BibliotecaCatedralde Toledo, 1942,
in a 12th-century MS at Oxford, Digby 174, fol. pp. 204-205, describingMS 98-22.
136V. 'Ibid., p. 15I, it is briefly describedas con-
"At fols. 58r-Io4r, in single column and a tained in MS 98-I6, now Madrid iooo6, I3th
14th-centuryhand which differsfrom that of the century, fols. ir-I52r.
preceding (at fols. 32r-57v) Alfraganus; in the

40 LYNN THORNDIKE
a commentaryof Witeloon the Catoptrica(De visu) of Euclid.55And after
the Computusof Campanuscomes the earlier work of Hrabanuson that
theme.56A commentary uponthe Centioquiumattributedto Ptolemyconcludes
the manuscript.57
14. In Riccardian885 a few minor items have yet to be noted: namely,
solutionsof mathematicalproblemswritten in a fifteenth-centuryhand,58a
workin six chapterson the correctionof the calendar,59
of whichI knowof no
othercopy, two calendars,60and a disquisitionupon the dimensionsof Noah's
ark.6"
Suchare the contentsof this manuscript,Riccardian885, or better,of this
collectionof manuscripts.Their transcriptionseems to have extendedover
three successivecenturies,while the authorswho are includedcover a much
longerstretchof time. Beginningwith astronomicaltreatisesby Grosseteste,
Arzachel,Alfraganus,Messahala,Campanusand the SpanishGeber,the huge
volumeturnsnext to opticaltreatisesby Alhazen,Euclid and Witelo, and by
Roger Bacon, then to comets in their treatmentby Grosseteste,then to the
calendarandcomputus,withworkson the latterby Grosseteste,Campanusand
Hrabanus,finally ending with Noah's ark and astrology. No chronological
orderis observedin the presentationof theseauthors.Anothernegativefeature
is the omissionof both the Sphereand the Computusof John of Sacrobosco,
althoughthe works of two other Englishmen,Grossetesteand Roger Bacon,
figurein it so prominently.
I5. MILAN MS AMBROS.
G. 70. Sup.62brings us back to the work on the
Almagestin nine books by Geberfilius Affla. It is precededby questionson
the Aristotelian De longitudine et brevitate vite and De morte et vita, a com-
mentaryon the Physiognomyattributedto Aristotle,and Macrobiuson the
Dreamof Scipio.63In the IntroductionGeberspeaks of the difficultyof the
Almagestfor thestudent,partlybecausePtolemyin his demonstrationsfollowed
Theodosiusand Mileus,"bothof whomare difficultand heavy,"partlybecause
of translationfromone languageto another. Geberthinksthat he has reduced
Ptolemy's demonstrationsto easier and briefer theoremsand propositions,
'Opening at fol. I32r, "Supponaturab oculo a transcriptionof this text from other MSS see
eductat (sic) lineas rectas.... " Propositions Journal of the Warburgand Courtauld Insti-
or scraps of the text in large letters alternate tutes, I957, 20: I29. But then at fol. 3sir occurs
with proofs or commentary in small writing. the usual incipit of Haly's commentary,"Dixit
In the caseof this MS I did not determinewhich. Ptolomeus,lam scripsitibi Iesure... ." The text
But in Vatican Latin MS 3102, 14th century, breaksoff at fol. 368v, in the midst of the com-
where the incpit, at fol. 37v, "Suponaturab mentary on the last and hundredthVerbum.
oculo eductas lineas rectas . .." is similarly uMAtfols. I07 and I33.
followed by propositionsin large letters and text 'Opening at fol. 2i5r, "Quoniamex diversi-
in small, the work concludesat fol. sor (old 48), tate cursuum solis et Kalendarii scandalorum
"Explicitperspectivauitalonis." A Catalogueof occasio...."
Incipits, 7II, should be corrected accordingly. 'At fols. 2I8r-223v, and 3o8r-3IIr. Fol.
Clagett in Isis, I953, 44: 375-376, lists six MSS 3IIV is blank.
of Euclid, Catoptrica (De visu) under the 'At fols. 346r-348v; incipit, "Moyses in
incipit, "Ponatur ab oculo eductas . . ." but in discplinarum peritus arche figuram et magnitu-
Bjornbo, Bibl. math., 1912, I2: 193-194, the dinem volens describere. . .."
first word is "Supponatur. . .. 6"sFuit ex libris Io. Vinc. Pinelli." Written
5At fols. 3I2r-346r. After the prologue, on parchmentand dated at the close of the first
opening, "Dilecto fratri Mathurio monacho treatise at fol. 4ra, by the copyist, 29 October
. . ." is a table of the 97 chapters. At fol. 313r I358.
the text begins, "QuLate, venerande preceptor, I Fol. ira, "Circhalibrum de longitudine et
sepe audivi.. ." and ends at the top of fol. brevitate vite sit primus questio, Utrum eidem
346r, ". . . Anni novem nonaginta C et M usque conhabitare sint cause longe vite .. ."; fol.
tempus in quo venit qui creavit omnia." The 4ra, "Circha librum de morte et vita primo
prologue and a list of the first 14 chapters are queritur utrum CO' sit . . ."; fols. x3rb-I6ra,
repeated at fol. 349r. "Quoniam autem anime sequuntur corpora
'It is precededat fol. 350v by what is here . .."; the rest on i6r-v is blank; fols. i7ra-
called, "Prologus in Centiloquium Ptolomei 62rb, in much larger letters, Macrobiuson the
Philudensis";and opens, "Dixerunt Ptolomeus Somnium Scipionis. Fols. 62v-64v are then left
et Hermes quod locus lune in hora..... " For blank, and our treatise occupies fols. 65ra-I2Ira.

requiring the use of fewer instruments, only one armilla instead of eight. He
further believes that he has proved some things which Ptolemy merely asserted
and has detected some errors.64
We may next note the division of the text into nine books and some subordi-
nate headings:
Fol. 66ra,"Tractatusprimusde propositionibus vel theorematibushuius libri.
Incipiamus exponere intentiones nominum usitatorum in eo. ..." 65
Fol. 72vb (bottommargin),"Incipittractatussecundilibri de ordinibusspe-
cierumhuiussciente."Text opens,"InquitTholomeus.Primuma quonos oportet
inciperein hoc libro est consideratioin summadispositionistocius terre apud
totumcelum...."
Fol. 8ova (bottommargin),"Tract.3 huius libri in motu solis medio. ...
Fol. 83ra (bottommargin),"De diversitatedierumcum noctibussuis."
Fol. 83va (bottommargin),"Iniciumtractatusquartiin luna."
Fol. 87rb (bottommargin),"De diversitatesecundaque acciditlune."
Fol. 88ra (bottom margin), "De declinationeorbis revolutioniset eius re-
flexione."
Fol. gorb (bottommargin), "Iniciumtract. 5 in acceptioneinstrumentiquo
sciturdiversitasaspectuslune."
Fol. g2ra (bottommargin),"De inventionequantitatisfinis latitudinislune."
Fol. 92va (bottommargin),"De declarationelongitudinislune a terra."
Fol. 93rb (bottommargin),"De diametrissolis et lune et umbreque sunt in
applicationibus."
Fol. 93vb (bottom margin), "De declarationediversitatisaspectuumparti-
culariumsolis et lune."
Fol. 94va (bottommargin),"De eo cuius scientiapremittendaest de disposi-
tionibuseclipsium."
Fol. 97rb (bottommargin),"De eclipsibusduorumluminarium."
Fol. 98va (bottommargin),"De eclipsibussolaribus."
Fol. ioorb (top margin),"Incipittractatussextusde stellis fixis."
Fol. io6va (bottom margin), "De arte spere solide."
Fol. io7ra (bottom margin), "De speciebusfigurarumque pertinentstellis
fixis."
Fol. io8ra-b (bottommargin),"In comparitatestellarumfixarumet solis in
ortu(?), in mediacioneceli aut in occasu."
The writing now becomes very minute and hard to read, but at fol. io8va
the text turns from sun, moon and fixed stars to the five planets.66
Fol. I IArb(bottommargin),headingillegible.
Fol. II 5ra,is on the movementof the planets"in longitudineet diversitate."
Fol. II5rb (bottom margin), "Tract.8 in stacionesstellarum5 et in earum
retrogradationibus."
Fol. II7vb, "Tract.9 in latitudinestellarum."
"Fol. 65vb: ". . . quoniam ipse erravit in I At
fol. 7Irb, "Hec est ergo summa quia
cap. 2, tract. 4 libri sui in temporibuslune revolu-
necesse est premittere eorum quibus consistit
bilibus, et erravit etiam in cap. Io, tract. 5 sui excusatio a figura sectore et a libro Theodosii
libri. Et ego dixi illa ambo in tract. 4 huius et libro Milei et quibus declaranturquod ipse
mei libri. Et erravit in terminis eclipsium so- dixit in libro suo sine demonstratione. Quare
larium. Et erravit in equatione ecipsis lunaris. est iste liber noster stans per se nec egens alio
Et erravitin equationeedipsis solariset in quan- sicut premisimus.Et indpiamus nunc e;cere que
titate temporumeius. Et omnia illa sunt dicta necessariasunt in extractionequamtitatumcor-
in tractatu V libri nostri. Et erravit etiam in darum cadentium in circulo per arcus suos et
equatione eclipsis solaris in diffiniendodiversi- quantitatem arcuum per cordas suas...."
tatem aspectus lune in latitudine, quoniam ad- e This should mark the beginningof Tract. 7.
iunxit illud ad orbem signorum. . . . Et erravit In another MS, Vatican Latin 3096, fols. 14V-
in principiotractatus noni sui libri in hoc quod I4or, where the caption, "De speciebus figur-
posuit ordinemduorumorbium Veneriset Mer- arum que pertinentstellis fixis" occurredat fol.
curiisub orbe solis. Nam illud quod dant radices ioir, at I03V, "Tractatus septimus in stellis
sue est quod ambo sunt supra orbem solis quinque currentibus." Yet another MS is at
necessario. . . ." After listing more errors, fol. Paris, Bibl. Nat. x6i98, 14th century, fols.
66ra, ". . . Et omnia illa dicta sunt in tract. 74r-122V.
8 huius nostri libri. ..."

42 LYNN THORNDIKE
Fol. .12ira (bottommargin),"Completusest Tract. 9 et ultimuslibri." The
MS too ends.
I6. M.35.SUP. of the Biblioteca Ambrosiana at Milan, is a neatly written
little manuscriptof the early fifteenth century. Between treatises on the Sphere
of Sacrobosco07 and Grosseteste68 comes the tract of Peter of Abano on the
motion of the eighth sphere, in four distinctions, as usual. We may briefly
note the opening, chapter headings, and close.69
Fol. i8r, rubric,"IncipittractatusquemPetrusPadubanensisconstruxitin motu
octave spere, cuius sunt quatuordistinctiones.Capitulumprohemialein operis
causaa et ipsius intentione."b Incipit, "Quoniamiuxta Ptholomeumrerum
quippe...
Distinctio prima in c spere constructione.
Capitulumprimumin octave spere imaginatione.
i8v, Cap. 2 de d imaginationenone spereferee communis.
I9v, Distinctio 2a in diversitate motus utriusque spere.
Capitulum primum in divisione f duplicis motus ipsius cum eius approbatione.9
20V, Cap. 2 de qualitate et quantitate utriusque motus et diversitate motus octave.h
2XV, Cap. 3 in quarumdamoppinionum decisione.
23r, Distinctio 3a in doctrina motus spere materialis.

Capitulum primum Qualiteri ductione spere signa septentrionalia efficiunturmeri-
dionalla vicissim et econtra i longitudinis k ratione I claritatis m permutatur fixe
24r, Cap. 2 in mensurationequantitatis motuum octave n
24v, Cap. 3 in decisione dubitacionis principalitero utriusque spere
Distinctio 4a in exposicioneeius quod sequiturex premissis
Capitulum primum quomodo ex suppositione zodiacorum et eorum ab invicem
separatione disponatur universum
26r, Cap. 2 in dubitatione ex predictis consequente
26v, desinit,P ". . . et diversitas inde causata existent prefati. Explicit tractatus
modi motus spere octave secundum imaginationem celeberrimi magistri Petri
Padubanensis."
acapita. hadds sphere. 0principii.
bdistinctiones. I quali. PAs desinit Norpoth gives,
e adds octave. J contra. ". . . Omnibus enim ponatur mo-
din. k longis. tus eius et diversitas inde scrutati
omits. I adds ac. existit nutu dei." He then adds
findivise instead of in divisione. m latitudinis. other MSS, including the 3 in note
'applicatione. n adds sphere. 59.
This opening, these divisions, and this ending are essentially the same in
three other manuscripts of the work 70 which I have examined. In a fourth
manuscript71 only the first three distinctions are given, in places even their
text is much abbreviated,while on the other hand citations are added of writers
later than Peter of Abano.72
After Grosseteste on the Sphere, our manuscript is completed by Thebit on
the motion of the einhth sphere,73a brief tract on an astronomical instrument
6TAtfols. xr-z7v; copied by AntoniusBaren- ?Vatic.Palat. 1171, 14th century,fols. 317va-
sis.
' At fols. 27r-37r. Not noted by S. Harrison 32ora,of which I have a microfilm;Vatic. Palat.
1377, isth century, fols. ira-sra; Oxford, Bod-
Thomson, The Writings of Robert Grosseteste, leian, Canon. Misc. I90, i5th century, fols.
I940, p. ii6, but ascribed to him in the table 78ra-83rb.
of contentson the flyleaf of the MS and further ' Utrecht 725, fols. 204v-206r. I have a roto-
recognizablefrom its incipit, "Intentio nostra graph of these leaves.
in hoc tractatu est describeremachine mundane I Purbachiusat fol. 205v, in Distinctio III,
mensuram et situm...." cap. 3; Oresmeand John of Eschendenat the
'Leo Norpoth, Zur Bio-, Bibliographieund close of Distinctio III, cap. 3, fol. 206r. Yet
Wissenschaftslehre des Pietro d'Abano,I930, pp. the colophon follows: "Explicit tractatus de
3II-12, gave these after the last of the three motu octave sphere ordinatus per magistrum
following MSS: Paris, BN 2598, fols. I22r-I25v; Petrum Paduanum, Anno Gratie 1310."
Bibl. Sorbonne58i, fols. 40gr-4I2r; Arras 688, 3 At fols. 37r-42r,opening,"Imaginorsperam
fols. 6or-6sv. I note his variant readings. equatorisdiei et tres circulossignatosin ea. ...

or planetary clock,74and canons on the astrolabewhich are commonlyattributed
to Robert of Chester.75
I7. BOLOGNA, BIBLIOTECA UNIVERSITARIA I54(I32) is an astronomical
collection written on membrane in the fourteenth century. It was once in the
library of Giovanni Garzoni of Bologna (I4I9-I505), who became professor
of medicine there in 1466, and also wrote political tracts 78 and De dignitate
urbis Bononiae.77
It was my intention to pass over as already familiar the Liber introductorius
of Alcabitius and the Theory of the Planets ascribed to Gerard of Cremona.
But Frati 78 represents the latter as covering fols. 2Ir-27 r, and ending with
the words, "majoris quantitatis." This mean the inclusion in it of matter that
seems extraneous, opening at fol. 26v, "Compositores tabularum super Arim
dicuntur fuisse Nembroth, Yconimus, Ptholomeus, Albategni, Albumasar, Al-
gorismus. ..." It is true that this is also found in the printed edition of Ven-
ice, 1478, by Renner.79 But there it comes after "Capitulum de latitudine et
declinatione planetarum," has ended - at fol. (F 8) verso- ". . . & si sub-
trahis medium cursum capitis de 12 signis, remanet verus," and is not indicated
as another chapter, but opens on fol. (F 9) recto, with a decorative initial
capital letter, as if a separate note. Moreover, after the words, "maiorisquanti-
tatis," which in our manuscript are followed by "Explicit. Amen." the edition
adds another paragraphwith another ornamental initial letter, opening on fol.
(F Io) recto, "Aspectus planetarum sic potest inveniri . . ." and closing on
fol. (F io) verso, ". . . tunc ipsi planete erunt iuncti lumine et non corpo-
raliter." Then comes the colophon which has been already quoted in note 79.
There are also differencesin the text of these seeming additions in the manu-
script and in the printed version. The latter inserts after "Arim"the explana-
tion, "que est civitas in India." And where the manuscriptreads, "Nota Thebit
dicit quod auges dicuntur moveri versus orientem 7 gradus in goo annis et
totidem versus occidentem in aliis goo, et modo sumus in primo motu," the
edition omits the name of Thebit, reading, "Nota etiam quod auges . . . ," and
also leaves out the last six words which have been just quoted from the manu-
script. Both versions then go on to state the different estimates made by Alba-
tegni and Alfraganus.
i8. Frati named no author for the next item in the manuscript, at fols.
27r-28r, and gave its title incorrectly as "Theoricha motuum beatitudinis
planetarum," misreading the third word of its incipit: "Theoricam motuum
latitudinis planetarum iam conveniens est perscrutari unde, ut predictum est,
sol nullam habet latitudinem ab ecliptica. . . ." He also gave as its concluding
words, ". . . ibi est luna verissime." These are rather the last words of a
paragraph which follows it, on finding the places of the planets in the signs
of the circle of the zodiac, and which opens, "Primo scire debes quod oportet
74At fol. 42r-v, opening, "Fiat columpna et (I908), 103-432; XVII (I909), I-I7I.
locetur in congrua basi... . ." A Catalogue of 79"ExplicitTheoria planetarumGerardiCre-
Incipits lists anotherMS, Canon.Misc. 6i at the monensis astronomi celebratissimi. Impressa
Bodleian, Oxford. Venetiis per FranciscanumRenner de Hailbrun.
' At fols. 43r-60v, opening, "Cum plurimi M.CCCC.LXXVII." This is the edition listed
ob nimiam...." by Arnold C. Klebs, Incunabula scientifica et
'See my aricles on his De regenda civitate medica,I938, as 874.6, and I examinedit at the
and De principisofficio, Political Science Quar- Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, although
terly, I93I, 46: 277-280, 589-592. Margaret B. Stillwell, Incunabula in American
'7Published in Muratori, Scriptores, vol. Libraries,I940, GI49, lists only the edition by
XxI. Rottweil (Klebs, 874.7) as in this country and at
78Lodovico Frati, "Indice dei codici latini the Morgan Library, which does not seem to
conservati nella R. Biblioteca Universitaria di have it.
Bologna,"Studi italianidi filologia classica,XVI

44 LYNN THORNDIKE
te. ..." The closing words of the Theory of the Latitude of the Planets are:
" . Et hec de latitudinibus planetarum sufficiant," and they are followed
by the colophon, "Explicit capitulum de latitudinibus planetarum editum a
magistro Petro de Sancto Hodomaro secundum regulas Albategni." Thus we
have another treatise, or a chapter from one, to add to our bibliographyof Peter
of St. Omer. This seems to be the sole copy of it, unless other catalogues of
manuscripts have similarly disguised its identity.
Frati also gave no author for a "Liber de prenosticatione sive prescientia
dispositionis temporum,"at fols. 28v-3 ir, but from its incipit 80 it appears to
be De impressionibusaeris of Robert Grosseteste, although Thomson does not
list it,81and its desinit is different from his.82
Nor did Frati identify the author of the next work in the manuscript at fols.
3Iv-40V, but its incipit, "Incipiam et dicam quod orbis . . ." shows it to be
the Liber totus astronomicus of Messahala, which is found in printed editions
as well as manuscripts.
The Theory of the Planets of Campanus was identified in the manuscript
heading, and the text is very legible although abbreviated (at fols. 4ir-74r).
But the incipit here is "Serenissimo (rather than Clementissimo, as usually
and as by Frati) patri piissimo domino unico mundanepressure solatio domino
Urbano 40 electione divina inclite (?) romane ecclesie summo pontifici Cam-
panius (sic) Novariensis sue dignitatis servus inutilis. . . , 88 and the desinit
is, ". . . de Mercurio supra docuimus," rather than Frati's "supra dictum
est."
An astrological work on the moon in each of the signs at fols. 74v-78r (not
8or as in Frati, there being no fols. 79-80 in the manuscript) is likewise anony-
mous in other manuscripts, where, however, it sometimes opens, "Qui cursum
lune . . ." instead of "Quicumque cursum lune recte scire voluerit . . ." as
it does here.84
I9. The Differentie of Alfraganus, which begin at fol. 8ir, have a marginal
commentary or gloss, and, although "mutilo in fine," as stated by Frati, do
not end at fol. 93v, as he states, but break off only at 95v, Differentia 26 appear-
ing on 94r, and Differentia 28 on 95r. There should be thirty Differentie in all.
Fols. 96 and 97 are missing and 98r is in a differentand larger hand than before.
We find ourselves in the midst of the treatise of Messahala on the composition
of the astrolabe, which, according to a flyleaf table of contents of the manu-
script, should have begun at fol. 94, - an impossibility with the present
numbering but which may account for Frati's ending Alfraganus at 93v. The
Messahala ends at II iv, ". . . et nota illa erit polus zodiaci sicut patet in
figura sequente. Explicit compositio astrolabii." 85 After a table of fixed stars
to put on the astrolabe and another table of them verified by armillae at Paris I
(no date is here given), we have the second part of Messahala's treatise, on the
use of the astrolabe, at fols. I I3r-i I9V.
Frati represented the Quadrans vetus, which opens at fol. I2or, as closing
s "Ad prenotandam diversam aeris disposi- Mercurio qui post Venerem fuerat deputati
tionem futuram propter diversitatem motuum sunt. Explicit." The lower half of fol. 3ir is
superiorum necesse est potestates signorum then left blank.
naturas planetarum qualitates quoque quartarum ' At fol. 42r, "Explicit prohemium incipit
circuli descripti per revolutionem divinam per- tractatus."
scrutari. . . ." I At fol. 77r it turns to "de planetis in gen-
' S. Harrison Thomson, The Writings of ere" and then takes them up one by one.
Robert Grosseteste,1940, pp. 103-I04. 5Compare the desinit in Gunther, Early
' Thomson has, ". . . se aspexerint planete Sciencein Oxford,V (I929), p. 2I6.
humide in signis aquosis"; BU I54 ends, ". . . 'At fol. II2r-v.
Taurus Veneri quam Mars sequebatur Gemini

at 122r, but it goes on to 125r, whereit ends, ". . . et productumdabit eius
capacitatem. Explicit QuadransModernus(sic)." It is followed by solar
Tables,and the Algorismusand Sphereof Sacrobosco,both quite legible. The
last considerableitem in the manuscriptis a Calendarfor Milan for the years
I3II-I386, whichin a manuscriptat Paris87 is anonymousbut is hereascribed
to a brotherFucusof Ferrara,a personwho seemsto be otherwiseunknown.88
20. VENICE, S. MARcoVIII, 9. As I have noted elsewhere,89 the Questions
on the Sphereof Sacroboscoby Bernardusde Trilia, a Dominicanwho died
in I29i, are foundin a manuscriptat Veniceas well as in that of Laon upon
whichDuhembasedhis account.90SinceDuhem'sdiscussion,althoughprofuse
in quotations,was limited to what he called the first and tenth lectures of
Bernard,a brief summarymay be givenof the contentof the workas a whole,
as it is found in the Venetianmanuscript.9'In the first place, it should be
notedthat the incipitis the samein both manuscripts:"Ad evidentiameorum
que tangunturnaturaliterpossumquererede tribus. . 92 Bernardwas fond
of arrangingthingsin trios,and firstinquiresas to the matter 93 of the heavens,
their movement,and their genus or nature. As to their motion, he asks
whetherthe heavenis movedby its own formor by angelsimmediately."As
to their genus and nature,three questionsare put: (I) whetherall the orbs
are of the same sphere or the same specific nature; (2) whether "quanto
superiores,tanto digniores";(3) whetherthe bodiesof the stars are worthier
than the bodiesof the spheres?
The portionof Sacrobosco'stext opening,"Quodautemcelumsit rotundum,"
suggeststhreemoreproblems:the shapeof the sky, of the earth,and of what
is betweenthem. The circles of which the sphereis composedalso incite a
triple inquiryconcerningcircles,poles and signs. The catch-words,"Suntet
alii duo circuli . . ." lead to anothertrio of themes:the maximumdeclination
of the sun, the distinctionof orient,and the measureof each city accordingto
its latitude,but variousfurtherqueriesare consideredunder each of these
topics. "Dicto de sex circulis . . ." is followedby a threefoldtreatmentof
densityof habitation,impedimentsto habitation,and difficultiesof the inhabi-
tants. Discussionof the divisionof climesis trisectedinto the divisionof the
87BibliothequeNationale, Latin 13014, fols. S. Marco VIII, 9, fol. ir, "Circaprimum queri-
Iv-8r. tur quot sunt spere numero et videtur quod
' At fols. I42r-I48rb (not I49v, as in Frati). tantum 8.... Iuxta hoc queriturutrum omnes
After the Calendarproper, at fol. 148ra, "Istud speresint contigueita quod non sit aliquidcorpus
kalendariumfactum est ad meridiemMediolani medium inter eas, et an omnes dyafane et an
cuius longitudo est 3I? latitudo 450 . . ." Then terminantur." This corresponds to Duhem's
at fol. 148rb, ". . . addenda est unitas et oper- statement,
andum ut prius. Explicit kalendariuia fratris "'Le premierprobleme:Du nombredes cieux,
Fud de Ferraria."Below this is a table of the est lui-memesubdiviseen six questionsqui sont
signs and whether they are good, bad or in- ainsi formulees:
different for medicine and bleeding, and their 'Quelest le nombredes sp&esc6lestes? . . . .
qualities-fiery, aerial,etc. Fol. 148v is blank; 'Toutes les sphWresc6lestes sont-elles con-
on fol. I49r-v is some astronomicaltext with tigues, de telle sorte qu'il n'y ait, entre elles,
spaces left for figures. aucun intermediaire?
' The Sphere of Sacrobosco and its Com- 'Sont-ellestoutes concentriques?
mentators, 1949, pp. 23-26, etc. 'Sont-elles uniformementprofondes, c'est-k-
'Le systeme du monde, III (19I5), 363- dire sont-elles d'6paisseuruniforme?
383. 'Sont-elles de nature diaphane?
91S. Marco VIII, 9 (Valentinelli, XI, 103), 'Enfin bornent-elles la vue?"'
14th century, fols. Ir-42v. TLe third and fourth of these six points seem
"Valentinelli misread Tractatus de spera, omitted in the S. Marco MS.
which is the titulus of Sacrobosco,for Tracta- I S. Marco VIII, 9, fol. 3v, "Postea queritur
turus de sphera, which he prefiz d to Bernard's de motu eorum . . . utrum celum moveatur a
incipit. forma propria . . . ; fol. 4r, "Et ideo est alia
' Duhem, op. cit., p. 366, says incorrectly, oppinio contra quod movetur ab angelis imme-
"Du nombre des cieux." This is rather the first diate."
point consideredunder "De materia celorum."

46 LYNN THORNDIKE
upper hemisphere, of the inferior hemisphere, and the situation of the ocean.
Augustine is cited against the Antipodes, but "In contrarium est vulgaris
quorundam opinio." 95 What Duhem called "la dixieme leqon sur la Sphare"
is a commentary on the first half of Sacrobosco's fourth and last chapter and
deals with the motion of the planets, fixed stars and spheres. What would be
the eleventh lecture deals with the rest of that chapter from the words, "Cum
sol sit maior terra. . . ," and with eclipses, and ends in the Venetian manu-
script, ". . . et talem umbram prohicit terra in oppositum solis." 96
The rest of the manuscript is occupied by the familiar works on astrological
interrogationsof Messahala 97 and Zael.98
2 I. VENICE, S. MARCO VIII, 69. In this manuscript99 the first treatise,
entitled Introductoriumastronomicum,by an unnamedauthor,"? is really pure-
ly astrological, dealing with triplicities, exaltations, houses, aspects, properties
of the signs of the zodiac, the rule of the planets over the months of the develop-
ing foetus, and the properties of the planets. Misael is much cited; 101 also
Miscalath; 102 both names are probably meant for Messahala. Albumasar is
also cited of Arabic astrologers, Ptolemy of Greek,103and Martianus and Bede
of early medieval Latins.104
The rest of the long manuscriptis astronomical. The three treatises of Thebit
on imagination of the sphere, exposition of the Almagest, and movement of the
eighth sphere follow each other in that order.105Then come the Sphere of
Campanus106and his Theory of the Planets, here called Equatorium planeta-
rum.107 It is divided into tractates and chapters as follows:
fol. 7or Primumcapitulum
72r Cap. 2 de sole
74v Cap. 3 de compositione instrumenti
76v Cap.4 de equationesoils
77v Cap. 5 declarans causas tabularum
78v Tractatussecundusde luna. Cap.primum
83v Cap. 2 ostensivumlune motumin figura (at 87r a neatly executedbut
complicatedfigure)
87v Cap.3 de ordinesperarumlune
89v Cap.4 de quantitateorbiumlune
93V Cap. 5 de compositioneinstrumentilune
97v Cap.6 de modooperandicuminstrumento
98v Cap.7 de causisoperationumtabularumin luna
ioir Tractatustertiusde Mercurio.Cap.primum
o07V Cap. 2 descriptivus motuum in figura
iiir orbiumMercurii
Cap.3 de magnitudinibus
IIsr Cap.4 de modocompositionisinstrumentiequantisMercurii
ii8v Cap.5 de modoequandiMercuriumcuminstrumento
' Fol. 30v. The Lectiones are not indicated Finis."
in the S. Marco MS. 9 VIII, 69 (Valentinelli,XI, 86), paper, I5th
'Fols. 40V-42v. A circular figure of the century.
twelve signs etc. fills the rest of the page. 1'At fols. ir-Iov, opening,"Spherasecundum
9' Fols. 43r-59v: in the top margin, in a Isidorum est species quedam. ...
different hand, "Incipit liber Mesalach de re- ' At fols. 2V, 3d, 4r to 6r, along with Al-
ceptione intcrpretatusa Iohanne Hyspalense de bumasar; again at 7r, 8v.
arabicoin latinum";incipit, "Invenitquidamvir 'uAt fol. 6r, twice.
ex sapientibus librum ex libris secretorumas- 1At fol. ior, and at iov with Albumasar.
trorum . . ."; desinit, ". . . et ipse erit levior '?At fol. gv.
utrisque stelis ideoque iungebaturad Saturnum 'At fols. iir, I4v, and 22r.
nutu dei. Finitus est liber Mesehallah." '10At fols. 27r-64v, with a T map at 59r.
"Fols. 59v-6iv, marginal heading, "Questio The first word of the incipit, "Cunctus motus
(Quadraginta?) amphorismi Zahelis"; incipit, describit lineam . ." should be "Punctus."
"Scito quod significatrixluna cuius circulus est 'At fols. 67r-i6gr, with the usual incipits,
omnium planetarum circulus preprior terre "Clementissimopatri et piissimo domino .
. . ."; desinit, ". . . si fuerint fortiores planeta and "Primus philosophie magister. ..."
quem oprimunt vel impediunt i. si. (in signo).

I2or Cap.6 asignanscausasoperis
I23r Cap. 7 de causisoperationisin argumentoMercurii
126r Cap.8 de causisreliquarumoperationum
I33r Cap. 9 de causis minutorumproportionalium
140V Cap. io de inventionedictorum
r42r TractatusQuartusde Venereet tribussuperioribusCapitulumprimum.
146r Cap. 2 de exemplopredictorum in figura
I5ir Cap.3 notificationispredictorumin figuravisibili
154 Cap. 4 de magnitudinibus orbisplanetarumet primaVeneris (caps. 5,6,
7,8 are on the sun, Mars,Jupiterand Saturn)
i6sr Cap.9 de magnitudineceli stellati
i65v Cap. Io compositio instrumenti (to equate the four planets)
i68v Cap. io bis, quomodo equamus antedictos planetas.
22. The next work in our manuscript,at fols. I 75r-2 i 6v, is entitled "Demon-
strationes Theorice Blasi Parmensis," and opens, "Super theorica planetarum
aliquas demonstrationes et dubia . . .", while the first Demonstratio begins,
"Tres orbes mundo ecentricos et difformes per applicationem spheram soils
concentricam fabricare. . . ." The work is also ascribed to Blasius of Parma
in a copy at the Vatican which Petrus de Fita completed in 1405,108 while
Blasius was still living. He did not die until 1416, so that this ascription by a
contemporary would seem reliable. The work also is found anonymously in
the manuscripts, for example, at Florence in the Laurentian Library, Plut.
XXIX, cod. 27, I5th century, at fol. 8 et seq., which Bandini catalogued as
follows:
Anonymi (forte Campanide quo infra) demonstrationesquaedamet dubia
super theoricamplanetarumcum figurismathematicisin margine. Inc. Super
theoricaPlanetarumaliquasdemonstrationes et dubia circa subiectammateriam
gratiarumlargitorpulsandoostendebat.Desinuntut videturimperfectein verbis:
illud tertiumquod a duobusconiunctisdistat est sol vel epicyclus....
In I907 G. Boffito and U. Mazzia, who did not know of the aforesaid attribu-
tions to Blasius of Parma, in an article entitled, "D'un ignoto astronomo del
secolo XIV (Pietro di Modena)," 109 called attention to a manuscript (then
Lugano 3245; later I77 in Katalog go of J. Rosenthal, Munich, 1929, p. ioo),
in which the work of which we have been speaking was attributed at its close
to a Peter of Modena,110and was followed by a shorter work by him on the
theory of longitudinal movement of the seven planets.111Peter of Modena was
not such an unknown astronomeras Boffito and Mazzia imagined, for back in
I868 Maximilian Curtze had noted the occurrence in a fourteenth-century
manuscript at Thorn (R. 40, 2) of a Theory of the Planets addressed to Jean
de Jandun, the famous schoolman, by his disciple, Petrus de Guclina, and had
published some extracts from it.112 This work was the same as the second in
the mwnllerrint dpe-rirllf hiv TRnffitn ainfd Mn77ina anAfl (-linna wn w Q a miarpnVincr
09Vatkan Latin 4082, fols. 47ra-60va, with quomodo respondeturad demonstracionemcon-

incipits as above, and ending, ". . . et centrum tra istam, et sic finis istius tractatus. Explicit
defferentis augem supra centrum parvi circuli tractatusPetri de MutinadoctorissuperTheorica
ut patet quomodo respondere ad demonstra- Campani."
tionem contra istam. Et sic sit finis per me 'At fols. 42r-54r, "Solem in suo ecentrico
Petrum de Fita, 1405. Explete sunt theorice equaliter motum in orbe signorum inequaliter
planetarumper magistrumBlasium de Pelacanis circumduci . . . / . . . describit suo motu con-
de Parma edite." The date, 140I, given Magic tingentiumquod fuit nobis propositumdemon-
and ExperimentalScience, IV, 66i should be strare. Haec igitur de theorica motus longi-
correctedaccordingly. I now have a microfilm tudinum septem planetarumad presens per in-
of the text in this MS, and have reproducedthe opinatas agibilium occupationes demonstrata
propositions of Blasius in Isis, I956, 47: 399-400. sufficiant. Petrus de Mutina."
109 In Bibliofilla, VIII, 3 72-383. 1Zeitschrift fur Mathematik und Physik,
'At fol. 4Iv, ". . . et centrum deferentis XIII, suppl. Bd, pp. 45-104, especially pp. 79-
augem supra centrum parvi circuli ut patet 80.

48 LYNN THORNDIKE
or misspelling of Mutina or Modena. In 1912 Bjbrnbo listed yet another copy
at Basel in which the date of addressing Jean de Jandun was given as I342
and that of copying the text as I349.113
23. The next treatise in the manuscript is written in a different and later
hand than what precedes and is a version of the commentary upon the Theory
of the Planets of Gerardof Cremonawhich Thadeus of Parma made at Bologna
in I3 i8,114 and which a Nicolaus Finus de Concordea now completes on 24
January I488. The titulus implies that Nicolaus has taken some liberties with
the original text of Blasius, and the incipit of the commentaryproper is different
from that in other manuscriptsof it.115
The last tract in the manuscript on the cylindrical sundial has a different
incipit from other tracts on the same subject which occur frequently in the
manuscripts.116It has five chapters on the construction of the instrument and
four on its use.117
INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

Abulhazen, Io,nf38 Bacon, Roger, 12 French, works in, 4
Accursius of Parma, 8 Bede, 2 1 Fucus of Ferrara, I9
Adam, Jehan, 4 Bernard de Trilia, 20
Albategni, 13, I17, I8 Blasius of Parma, 22 Garzoni, Giovanni, 17
Albertus Magnus, 13 Bologna, 23 Geber, I13, I 5
Albumasar, 17, 21 Bonus de Lucca, i Geometry, 4
Alcabitius, 17 Gerardof Cremona, II, 13, 17, 23
Alfraganus, 32,fn46, 17, 19 Calendar, 9, 10, 14, 19 Grosseteste, Robert, 12,n44, I6, I8
Algorismus, 17 Campanusof Novara, II, 12,n46-
Alhazen, 13 47, 13, i8, 2 I Haly, 13,n57
Antipodes, 20 Cologne, 2 Heavens, 3, 20
Antonius Barensis, I6,n67 Cremona, I I Horologium viatorum, Io,n39
Arduicus of Este, 2 Hrabanus, 13
Aristotle, I 5 Deafness, i
Arithmetic, 4 Divination, i Instrument, astronomical, I5
Armilla, 3I5, 3I9 Introductorium astronomicum, 21
Arzachel, 8, I3I, 13 Eclipse, 9 Isidore of Seville, 3
Astrolabe, i6 Eclipsorium, 9
Astrology, 14, 21 Egyptian days, i Jean de Jandun, 2 2
Augustine, 2 0 Euclid, 13 Jetons, 4
' Basel F.II.33, fols. Ig4va-Ig6vb. I give Bjornbo's description is found in Abhandl.
my own readingof the text, with Bjornbo'svar- z. Gesch. d. math. Wiss., XXVI,3, P. I29. For
iants in parentheses:"Philosophia(Phisica) sin- other MSS see E. Zinner, Verzeichnisder as-
gulari excellentissimodoctori magistro Iohanni tronomischenHandschriftendes deutschenKul-
de GandunoPetrus de Gutterina (Gutlina) ma- turgebietes, I925, Nos. 3905, 3907, 3908, under
thematicis et veracibus discipulis cum studio "Peterv. Guttina." A questiondisputedby him
intendere (incendere). Quia ea que de motibus at Paris and written out in 1313 is found at
planetarumin theoricanarrationequidemhabent Erfurt in MS Amplon. F.I78, fols. I39-I45.
ex geometricis demonstrationibus, idcirco " See my History of Magic and Experimental
questiones (conclusiones)aliquas quas Gerardus Science, III, 649. This original version opened,
in sua theoricanarrandoproponitiuxta imbecil- "Est enim sapientia rerum...."
litatem mei ingenii laboravi per modum theo- 1 S. Marco VIII, 69, fols. 2I7r-245v: "In-
reumatum demonstrare,in quibus minus bene cipit quod colegi expositione Tadei de Parma
dicta vestri ingenii claritasac intellectussolertia super theoricamplanetarumGirardi Cremonen-
corrigat, resecanda resecat, suppleat et sup- sis"; incipit, "Notandumquod iste liber exponit
plenda." ea que . .."; colophon, "Explicit expositio
We then come to the incipit of the text planetarumsecundumTadeum de Parma scripta
proper,as given in the MS used by Boffito and per NicolaumFinum de Concordeaanno domini
Mazzia:"Solemin suo ecentricoequalitermotum I488, 24 die mensis Ianuarii."
in orbe signorum inequaliter dud... ." The 116Zinner,op. cit., lists 36 MSS of anonymous
work ends: ". . . Hec ergo de theorica tus works alone. Se Nos. 9227-9263.
longitudinum 7 planetarumad presens propter l' At fols. 245V-246v:titulus, "Incipittracta-
divers_s et in opposita agibilium occupationes tus de compositionechilindriet consequenterde
demonstratasufficiant,et vos, amantissimemag- usu eius"; incipit, "In considerationechilindri
ister, qui astrorum et omnis philosophie con- duo considerantur. . . ." It may be the same
templationi vacare proponitis et potestis in- as Prab970, I4th century,fols. 2IV-23, for which
sufficientibus(insufficientiam)supportetis quo- the Cataloguegives only the first three opening
tiensvideritishoc opusculumin meamcommemo- words, "In consideratione chilindri . .." and
rationemI342. Deo gratias quoniamfinivi anno the desinit, "ante meridiemcrevit."
gratie I349 die tercia martis hora meridiei."

John of Brescia, 8,n3l Organum Ptolemei, 5 Robert of Chester, i6
John of Eschenden, i6,n72 Oresme,Nicole, i6,n72
John of Harlebeke, 8 Sacrobosco, I, 6, 14, i6, I9
John de Lineriis, 9 Paris, 22,fnih3 Specula, 5
John of Montpellier, 8 Speculum astronomiae, 13
John of Saxony, 9 Sphere, eighth, Io,n38, I6; solid, 8
Peter of Abano, i6
Sundial, 5; cylindrical, 23; of trav-
Peter of Denmark, see Petrus de
Latitude, 20 elers, io
Dacia
Leap year, 3 Peter of Modena, 22
Leonard of Pisa, 6 Tables, astronomical, 8, I0, I I,
Peter of St. Omer, 9, IO, i8 32,n146; of fixed stars, i9; of
Liber philosophie, 2 Petrus de Dacia, 9, IO
Lunations, i lunar and solar months, I; of
Petrus de Fita, 22 signs, 3I9; solar, 319
Philip, king of Germany, 2 Thadeus of Parma, 23
Macrobius, i 5 Philomena, 9,n34 Thebit ben Corat, Io, I6, 17, 21
Martianus Capella, 21 Planets, rule of, i; theory of, I I Theodosius,
i5
Mathematical problems, 14 Prayer, I Toledo, i i
Messahala, 8, 12, i8 to 2 1 Profatius Judaeus, 7, 9, io,n4o Tractatus de semissibus, i0,1140
Milan, 19 Ptolemy, 13, 15, 17, 21
Mileus, i5 Purbach, 06,n72 Weather, i
Moon-book, i, i8 William of England, 8,n3l
Quadrans vetus, 8, i9
Nembroth, I 7 Quadrant, 5, 7, 8, 9 Yconimus, 17
Nicolaus Finus, 23
Noah's Ark, 14 Ratio paschalis latinorum, I Zael, 20
INDEX OF MANUSCRIPTS
Arras 688, I6,n6g
Basel, Universit-atsbibl.F.II.33, 22,nI 13
Bologna, Bibl. Univ. 154(132), 17, i8, I9
Cambridge,Gonville and Caius 141, 8,n3l
Cues 2314, Io,n4l
Erfurt, Amplon. F.178, 22,nII3
Q.366, Io,n41
Florence, Bibl. MarucellianaC.I63, 32,n44
Bibl. Mediceo-Laurenziana,Ashburnham,204, I, 2, 7,n27
206, 7,n27
Plut. 27, cod. 8, 3
29, 27, 22
29, 43, 4, 5
Bibl. Nazionale, II.iii.24, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II
Bibl. Riccardiana 885, 12, 13, 14
London, British Museum,Harley 625, 8,n31
Lyons, Bibl. du Palais des Arts 45, 9,n34
Milan, Ambros. G.70.sup., i5
M.35,sup., i6
Oxford, Bodleian, Canon. Misc. 6i, 16,n74
190, 16,n7o
Digby I67, 8,n3l
Paris, Bibl. Nationale 2598, I6,n6g
7i95, 8,n3I
13014, 19
I6I98, iS,n66
I6652, 8,n3:1
Bibl. Ste. Genevi6ve 3 143, 4
Bibl. Sorbonne58i, I6,n6g
Prag 970, 23,niI7
Thorn R.4'.2, 22
Toledo, Bibl. Catedral 98-16, 13,n54
98-22, 13,ns3
Utrecht 725, i6,n7i
Vatican City, Palatine 313171, I6,n7O
1377, 06,n7o
Urbinat. 292, 6
Vatican 3096, iS,n66
4082, 22,nio8
Venice, S.Marco, VIII,g, 20
VIII,69, 21, 22, 23
Verona, Bibl. Comunale663, 8,n3i

50 LYNN THORNDIKE
INDEX OF INCIPITS
Ad componendumhorarium fac semicirculum......................
Ad cylindri compositionem investigandam.......................
Ad evidentiameorumque tangunturnaturaliter......................20
Ad prenotandumdiversam aeris dispositionem......................i8,n8o
Aspectus planetarum sic potest inveniri ........................17
Celum circulis quinque distinguitur..........................3
Compertum est ab antiquis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compositores tabularum super Arim. dicuntur......................17
Compotus est scientia certificandi tempus .......................I
Computus est scientia variationis et divisionis.......................12 ,n44
Cum eclipsim lune et eius quantitatem ........................9g,n32
Cum plurimi ob nimiam ...............................6,n7S
Descripsionum que sun'. in facie tabule.........................8,n3l
Dilecto fratre Mathurio monacho...........................13,nS56
Distinctiones eius instrumenti primo ..........................8,n3lI
Dixerunt Ptolomeus et Hermes quod locus lune ......................13,nS57
Dixit Ptolomeus, Iam scripsi tibi Iesure.........................13,nS 7
Equator diei est circulus maior ........................... io,n38
Est enim sapientiarerum..............................23,nli14
Fiat columpnaet locetur in congruabasi .........................16,n74
Geometrie est une art par le quel...........................4
Horarium quadratum pro multis regionibus.......................s
Imaginor speram equatoris diei ............................6,n73
In consideratione
chilindriduo considerantur
......................23,nli17
In hoc primacionum ciclo quatuor linee........................9g,n3 S
Incipiam et dicam quod orbis ............................i 8
Invenitquidamvir ex sapientibuslibrum........................ 2 o,nl7
Moyses in disciplinarumperitus arche figuram......................14,nl6 3
Nos iuxta imaginationem rectam...........................I:o,nl38
Notandum quod iste liber exponit ea que ........................23 ,nliiS
Occasionecuiusdamcometeque nuperapparuit. ........................................12 ,n44
Omnium recte philosophantiumverisimilibus....................... 3
Ostendereautem volo quid sit crepusculum.......................13,nSo0
Philosophiasingulariexcellentissimo doctori. ..........................................22 ,nli13
Primo scire debes quod oportet te...........................i 8
Primusphilosophiemagisteripsius negotium.I..................... 12,n46
Prolixitatem que etiam plurimis in proiectione.9.................... ,n33
Ptolomeus et alii sapientes posuerunt..........................io,n38
Puisque cy dessus a este suffisamenttraitte .......................4
Quadransckl qui ex sexta parte circuli .........................7,n2 7
Quadrans sequens fit hoc modo............................ s
Qui cursum lune ............ ......................i8
Quiaea quede motibusplanetarum
in theorica.2......................................... 22,ni 13
Quia te, venerande preceptor, sepe audivi........................13,nS6
Quia vero perutile est scire annos et menses arabum....................ii,n42
Quicumquecursum lune recte scire voluerit....................... iS
Quoniam autem anime sequuntur corpora........................ 5,n63
Quoniam conceditur opus istius instrumenti.......................io,n4o
Quoniam ex diversitate cursuum solis ......................... 14,n59
Quoniam iu.xta Ptholomeumrerum quippe.........................6
Quoniam non conceditur nobis ............................io,n40
Quoniamnon concediturnobis philosophie........................:on:
Rogavit me unus ex his quibus contradicere..1.....................I2 ,n4 7
Scientia species habet quarum melior ..........................13
Scito quodastrolabium
sit nomengrecum.1............................................. 32,n48
Scito quod significatrix luna cuius circulus....................... 2o,n98
Serenissimopatri piissimo domino unico mundane.................... iS
Si circulo inscribiturquadratum
.I.......................... 2,n4S
Siderei motus et effectus motuum speculator.......................8,n3lI
Solem in suo ecentricoequalitermotum.2............................................. 22,ni 13
Sphera secundum Isidorum est species..........................21i,nio00
Supertheoricaplanetarumaliquasdemonstrationes. ....................................2 2
Theoricam motuum latitudinum planetarumiam conveniens................ iS
Totius astrologie speculationis radix ..........................8,n2 9
Tres orbesmundoecentricoset difformes..............................................2 2
Utrum eidem conhabitaresint cause longe vite ..I................... i5,n63
Ymaginaborsperamequatoris diei............................io,n38


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Notes upon Some Medieval Astronomical, Astrological and Mathematical Manuscripts at

Florence, Milan, Bologna and Venice

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23r, Distinctio 3a in doctrina motus spere materialis.

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09Vatkan Latin 4082, fols. 47ra-60va, with quomodo respondeturad demonstracionemcon-

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INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS

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