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Senior High School

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Understanding
Culture, Society and
Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 5
Society and Culture as a
Complex Whole

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Society and Culture as a Complex Whole
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Roy H. Lumban, Ph.D.

Reviewers: Joel D. Potane, Ph.D., LRMS Manage
Content Validators: Romeo B. Aclo EPS-Araling Panlipunan and Cheryl C. Pontillas
Language Evaluators: Sylvio L.Carciller
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Paul Y. Badon and Ryan Z. Roa

Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, Ph.D., CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, Ph.D., CESE

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Members: Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief

Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan
Joel D. Potane, Ph.D., LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: (08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

ii
 Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 5
Society and Culture as a
Complex Whole

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other
education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at
cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

iii
 Table of Contents

COVER PAGE............................................................................................................i
COPYRIGHT PAGE...................................................................................................ii
TITLE PAGE............................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................ iv
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT ............................................................................v
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW ........................................................................................v
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE..................................................................v
ICONS OF THIS MODULE ...................................................................................... vi
WHAT I KNOW ........................................................................................................ vii
Lesson 1: Society and Culture as a Complex Whole
What’s In ............................................................................................................... 1
What’s New: ........................................................................................................ 1
What Is It ............................................................................................................... 1
What’s More: ....................................................................................................... 3
What I Have Learned: Reflection of Learning .................................................. 3
What I Can Do: .................................................................................................... 4
Summary ............................................................................................................... 6
What I Know (Post-Test) ................................................................................. 7
Key to Answers ................................................................................................. 9
References ........................................................................................................... 10

iv
What This Module is About
It is known to all of us that society and culture are related. Culture consists of
the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of
a particular group or society. Sociologists define society as the people who interact
in such a way as to share a common culture. Studying this module will help you
realize how people interact as members in the society and shared it as complex as a
whole
Let the learning begin.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Describe society and culture as a complex whole (UCSP11/12DCSIc-7)

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
1. Take your time to read and understand the concepts in this module.
2. Follow the instruction carefully in every given task.
3. Answers all the given test and exercise
4. Work on the activities in this module and every performance task given.
5. Take the Post-Test after you are done with all the lessons and activities in the
module
6. Familiarize yourself with the given terms.
7. Meet with your teacher. Ask him/her about any difficulty or confusion you have
encountered in this module.
8. Finally, prepare and gather all your outputs and submit them to your teacher.
9. Please write all your answers to the tests, activities, exercises, and others on
your separate activity notebook.

v
 Icons of this Module

This part contains learning objectives that

What I Need to Know
are set for you to learn as you go along the
Learning Objectives
module.

This is an assessment as to your level of

What Do I Know? knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
Pre-Assessment meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge.

What’s In? This part connects the previous lesson

Review Activity with that of the current one.

An introduction to the new lesson through

What’s New?
various activities, before it will be
Motivational Activity
presented to you.

These are discussions as a way to deepen

What Is It?
your discovery and understanding of the
Lesson Proper
concept.

These are follow-up activities that are

What’s More?
intended for you to practice further to
Performance Task
master the competencies.

What Have I Learned? Activities designed to process what you

Generalization have learned from the lesson.

These are tasks that are designed to show

What Can I Do?
case your skills and knowledge gained and
Application
applied to real-life concerns and situations.

This evaluates your level of mastery in

Assessment
achieving the learning objectives of the
Post-Assessment
lesson.

vi
 What I Know
PRETEST

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. This is learned, shared behavior, customs, and beliefs?

A. Food C. Culture
B. Kinship D. Ethnicity

2. Which of the following is considered as the norms in the society except;

A. Not wearing decent clothes in particular events or occasions
B. Cheating during exams or long quiz
C. The use of “po” and “opo” when answering/talking to the elderly.
D. The crime committed by criminals

3. Social norms and values are culturally determined rules to ____________

A. Guide the people regarding what is right and wrong
B. Avoid paying fines and penalties
C. Lead us to popularity for being the talk of the town
D. Threat us to follow the rules even if it is against our will

4. The following are the norms being played by the students inside the classroom
except;
A. Attend classes regularly,
B. Interacting in the class discussions with the teachers.
C. Participates in group activities with other student
D. Cheat or use such material forbidden in the examinations

5. The Filipino subconsciously accepts the “bahala na” as part of life. This term literally
means____
A. Whatever will be will be C. Come what may
B. To leave everything to God D. All of the above

6. Which of the following statement best explains of Filipino’s beliefs of “gulong ng

palad/wheel of fortune”.
A. Life is a series of ups and downs C. Indebtedness to love ones
B. Sharing of oneself to others D. Life is a game we play

7. Shouting inside the church during mass would be a violation of a ________

A. Folkway C. Customs
B. Moores D. Law

8. Its a conceptions that people accept as true about how the world operates and where
individuals fit in it.
A. Values C. Beliefs
B. Norms D. Symbols

vii
9. The type of color of blouse or shirts to wear in the funeral is an example of _____
aspect of culture
A. Values C. Belief
B. Norms D. Symbols

10. A. standard or pattern, especially of social behavior, that is typical or behaviors

appropriate of a group
A. Values C. Belief
B. Norms D. Symbols

11. Are general and shared perception of what is god, right appropriate and worth-
while and important with regard to modes of conduct
A. Values C. Belief
B. Norms D. Symbols

12. It is not acceptable to wear casual clothes in most fine dining establishments this
is an example of ____________
A. Patterns C. Beliefs
B. Laws D. Mores

13. A famous quotation that says “Men build too many walls and not enough bridges”
was popularized by ___________
A. Joseph Fort Newton C. Jacob Stravinsky
B. John Stalin D. Harry Louis Ford

14. The following are the three elements that constitute the Filipino value system
except.
A. Halaga C. Gawa
B. Asal D. Diwa

15. It is the evaluative aspect as to what Filipinos find most virtuous which constitute
self-worth, dignified relationship with others and compassion
A. Halaga C. Gawa
B. Asal D. Diwa

viii
 Module Society and Culture as a
Complex Whole
5 (UCSP11/12DCSIc-7)

What’s In
Last meeting, we have discussed about the anthropological and sociological
perspectives of culture and society. This time, we will learn to focus on society and
culture as a complex whole and how people interact as members in the society and
shared it in the community.

What’s New

Directions: Explain a famous quotation from Joseph Fort Newton that says “Men
build too many walls and not enough bridges.”

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________

What Is It

Culture
 Is a patterned way of life of people which comprises behavior, language,
tradition, beliefs, values, religion, laws, arts that is accustomed by a human
being a member of society.
 It is also a cumulative transfer of total learned behaviour that is acquired by a
group of people and transmitted this knowledge from one generation to
another through social learning.

1
 Four (4) Aspects of Culture as Complex Whole

1. BELIEFS – are ideas that people have a strong feeling or convictions of

certainty of something that may exist or will takes place to happen.

2. VALUES – Is a shared perception that defines standard of doing what is

desirable and not. This cultural element suggest people what to do with their
actions that is considered appropriate and worthwhile.
Three Elements that constitute the Filipino value system
 Halaga – it is how we give importance to someone that may have its
significant impact of a person as it is a priceless possession. Halaga as
aspect of Filipino value constitute three principles
(1) Pagkatao or selfworth
(2) pakikipagkapwa-tao or noble action in relationship with others
(3) Pagkamaka-tao or compassion

 Asal - It is a manifestation of one’s action or manners of treating other

people. Asal as aspect of Filipino value constitute three principles
(1) Kapwa or relational
(2) Damdamin or emotional
(3) Dangal or honor

 Diwa – this denotes to the inner self o kalooban that resonates the
intertwined emotion and reasoning of a person.

3. NORMS - Is regarded as accepted standard behavior that is considered

tolerable action in the society.
Types of Norms
 FOLKWAYS – these are norms that apply to routine matters like eating,
sleeping, appearance, posture, use of appliances and relations to
various people, animals and the environment.
Examples of Folkways:
 standing in line observing social distancing
 helping the elderly to cross the road
 hand shaking someone you know

 MORES – are norms and behaviors that is widely observed by a

particular members in the society or group.
Examples of Mores:
 It is not adequate to wear casual clothes in attending the
wedding.
 It is expected to wear facemask in public places in times of
pandemic.
 Stealing is considered unacceptable action

 TABOO - a culture really forbids them, an activity that is prohibited for

public display and a motion that is unpleasant in the society.
Examples of Mores:
 In many Jewish and Muslim communities, people are prohibited
from eating pork.

2
  LAWS are a formal body of rules ratified by the government system
that are created and regulate conduct.
Examples of Laws:
 Selling drugs, homicide, act of terrorism is punishable by law

4. SYMBOLS – It may represent a word, object, color, sound, feeling, movement

and taste to which people may have represent a meaning or value unto it.

What’s More

Direction: True or False. Analyze each statement. Write T If the statement is true
but if the statement is false write F. Write your answer on the space provided.

________1. Rising for the national anthem is an expected behaviour is an example of

mores.
________2. Wearing a rectangular black mourning pin is a common customary practice
by the Filipinos.
________3. One of folkways practice in the Philippines is eating using our barehand
________4. Value o halaga refers to kalooban o inner which in essence is
intertwined reason and emotion
________5. The act of terrorism is an example of Taboo.
________6. Social norms and values are culturally determined rules for us to avoid
paying fines and penalties
________7. Wearing of complete school uniform by a student inside the classroom
is considered a violation of norms in the school community.
________8. Wearing of a wedding ring is an example of a symbolic culture
________9. Holding the door to open for someone is an example of laws
________10. Values such as “Mano po” is an "honoring-gesture" used in Filipino as
a sign of respect for elders.

What have I learn

Direction: In writing your reflection, you have to complete the sentence below.

I learned that________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

I realized that________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3
If given a chance_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What Can I do

Direction: Poster Making: In a ¼ illustration board you make your own interpretation of
the theme “Society and culture as a complex whole”.

Rubric for Poster Making

Category 4 points 3 points 2 points 1 point

Coverage of the Details on the Details on the Details on the Details on the
Topic poster capture the poster include poster relate poster have
important important to the topic little or
information about information but but are too nothing to do
the topic and the audience general or with main
increase the may need more incomplete. topic.
audience’s information to The
understand fully audience
understanding.
needs
more
information to
understand.

Use of Graphics All graphics are All graphics are All graphics Graphics do
related to the topic related to the relate to the not relate
and make it easier topic and most topic. to the topic.
to understand. make it easier
to
understand.

Organization Information is very Information is Information is The

organized with organized with organized, but information
clear titles and titles and titles and appears to be
subheadings. subheadings. subheadings disorganized.
are missing or
do not help
the reader
understand.

Layout and All information on Most of the Most of the Much of the
Design the poster is in information on information on information
focus and can be the poster is in the poster is on the poster
easily viewed and focus and the in focus is unclear or
identified from 6 ft. content and the too small.
away. easily viewed content is

4
 and identified easily viewed
from 6 ft. away. and
identified from
4 ft. away.

Presentation The presentation The presentation The The

was the appropriate was the presentation presentation
length. It did not appropriate was the was too long
seem hurried or length but appropriate or too short.
too slow. The seemed slightly length but The presenter
presenter spoke hurried or too seemed very did not speak
clearly and slow. The hurried or too clearly most
distinctly and presenter spoke slow. The of the time
established eye clearly most of presenter and
contact with the the time and spoke clearly established
audience. established eye and little eye
contact with the distinctly only contact with
audience. some of the the
time and/or audience.
established
little eye
contact with
the
audience.

http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson_images/lesson1076/rubric.pdf

Summary

5
 Four (4) Aspects of Cultures as Complex Whole

1. BELIEFS – are ideas that people have a strong feeling or convictions

of certainty of something that may exist or will takes place to happen.
2. VALUES – Is a shared perception that defines standard of doing what
is desirable and not. Three Elements that constitute the Filipino value
system; Halaga , Asal and Diwa
3. NORMS - Is regarded as accepted standard behavior that is
considered tolerable action in the society.
Types of Norms
 FOLKWAYS – these are norms that apply to routine matters
like eating, sleeping, appearance, posture, use of appliances
and relations to various people, animals and the environment.
Examples of Folkways:
 MORES – are norms and behaviors that is widely observed by
a particular members in the society or group.
Examples of Mores:
 TABOO - a culture really forbids them, an activity that is
prohibited for public display and a motion that is unpleasant in
the society.
 LAWS are a formal body of rules ratified by the government
system that are created and regulate conduct.
Examples of Laws:
4. SYMBOLS – It may represent a word, object, color, sound, feeling,
movement and taste to which people may have represent a meaning
or value unto it.

What I Know
POST-TEST

6
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Shouting inside the church during mass would be a violation of a ________

A. Folkway C. Customs
B. Moores D. Law

2. Are general and shared perception of what is god, right appropriate and worth-
while and important with regard to modes of conduct
A. Values C. Belief
B. Norms D. Symbols

3. A. standard or pattern, especially of social behavior, that is typical or behaviors

appropriate of a group
A. Values C. Belief
B. Norms D. Symbols

4. Social norms and values are culturally determined rules to ____________

A. Guide the people regarding what is right and wrong
B. Avoid paying fines and penalties
C. Lead us to popularity for being the talk of the town
D. Threat us to follow the rules even if it is against our will

5. The following are the three elements that constitute the Filipino value system
except.
A. Halaga C. Gawa
B. Asal D. Diwa

6. The following are the norms being played by the students inside the classroom
except;
A. Attend classes regularly,
B. Interacting in the class discussions with the teachers.
C. Participates in group activities with other student
D. Cheat or use such material forbidden in the examinations

7. The Filipino subconsciously accepts the “bahala na” as part of life. This term literally
means____
A. Whatever will be will be C. Come what may
B. To leave everything to God D. All of the above

8. Which of the following statement best explains of Filipino’s beliefs of “gulong ng

palad/wheel of fortune”.
A. Life is a series of ups and downs C. Indebtedness to love ones
B. Sharing of oneself to others D. Life is a game we play

9. This is learned, shared behavior, customs and beliefs?

A. Food C. Culture
B. Kinship D. Ethnicity

7
10. Its a conceptions that people accept as true about how the world operates and where
individuals fit in it.
A. Values C. Beliefs
B. Norms D. Symbols

11. Which of the following is considered as the norms in the society except;
A. Not wearing decent clothes in a particular events or occasions
B. Cheating during exams or long quiz
C. The use of “po” and “opo” when answering/talking to the elderly.
D. Crime committed by criminals
12. The type of color of blouse or shirts to wear in the funeral is an example of _____
aspect of culture
A. Values C. Belief
B. Norms D. Symbols

13. It is the evaluative aspect as to what Filipinos find most virtuous which constitute
self-worth, dignified relationship with others and compassion
A. Halaga C. Gawa
B. Asal D. Diwa

14. It is not acceptable to wear casual clothes in most fine dining establishments this
is an example of ____________
A. Patterns C. Beliefs
B. Laws D. Mores

15. A famous quotation that says “Men build too many walls and not enough bridges”
was popularized by ___________
C. Joseph Fort Newton C. Jacob Stravinsky
D. John Stalin D. Harry Louis Ford

Key Answers

8
Module 5

Pre-Test Post-Test
1. C 1. A
2. D 2. A
3. A 3. B
4. D 4. A
5. D 5. C
6. A 6. D
7. A 7. D
8. C 8. A
9. D 9. C
10. B 10. C
11. A 11. D
12. D 12. D
13. A 13. A
14. C 14. D
15. A 15. C

What’s More!

1. T.
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. F
6. F
7. T
8. T
9. F
10. T

References

9
MODULE

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics (Alternative Delivery Mode ADM - Modules)

INTERNET SOURCES

Maribao, Dan2020. Society &Amp; Culture As A Complex Whole. [online] Slideshare.net.

Available at: <https://www.slideshare.net/dan_maribao/danny-maribaosociety-
amp-culture-as-a-complex-whole> [Accessed 10 June 2020].

Examples.yourdictionary.com. 2020. Mores Examples. [online] Available at:

<https://examples.yourdictionary.com/mores-examples.html> [Accessed 10 June
2020].

Readwritethink.org. 2020. [online] Available at:

<http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson_images/lesson1076/rubric.p
df> [Accessed 10 June 2020].

Senior high school - Google Drive. (n.d.). Bitly | Custom URL Shortener, Link Management &
Branded Links. https://bit.ly/3dF9Kdb

10
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

11