Crossing Bridges 3 New Edition

Dear Student
Welcome to our Institute!

We are pleased to introduce you to the new English textbook: “Crossing Bridges”, written by our two institutions. Our aim has
been to produce friendly material that makes you feel more comfortable with your learning process by relating or contrasting
your own world and context with that of the foreign language.
The book you have in your hands is not only the result of the work carried out by a number of highly experienced teachers
but it is also based on research findings among former students in order to learn what they would like to find in their textbook
when learning this language.
We do hope to have been able to capture some of their ideas about the content, the activities, cultural readings and others
so as to contribute with more knowledge about the world in general but also about the world of English.
Succeed in English with joy!
María Cristina Brieba Eduardo Vásquez

Vice-Chancellor General Manager
The Chilean British University The Chilean British Institute
Datos Personales
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RUT email
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Dirección
Comuna Grupo Sanguíneo
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E Campus
Este sitio ofrece práctica intensiva en línea de las principales áreas se encuentran: comprensión auditiva, pronunciación, gramática inglesa,
del idioma inglés serás redireccionado y una conexión internet. Esta vocabulario, juegos de lenguaje y navegación guiada de sitios web para
herramienta es ofrecida exclusivamente por el Instituto Chileno Británico la comprensión lectora. Todas estas actividades cuentan con un sistema
de Cultura de Santiago a sus alumnos en cursos. de autocorrección para que tu puedas realizarlas con total autonomía,
Entre las actividades que puedes desarrollar en apoyo de tu aprendizaje respetando tus tiempos y tus estilos de aprendizaje.
6. Unit 1 Virtually Anywhere
Page Lesson Topic Grammar & Vocabulary
7 1. Communicating Communication Present - Communication
Face the music Functional language for everyday situations
8 Straight to the point Face-to-face communication Verbs as subjects / Collocations with opinion, fact & conversation
9 Being on the same Digital communication Pronunciation: The -sh sound
wavelength Advantages and disadvantages
10 2. Technology Surrounds Us Impact of technology Types of technology
Nuts & bolts
11 Greasing the wheels Online shopping Present simple vs present perfect
Online shopping vocabulary
12 Outdated technology Describing outdated Verb: used to
gadgets Gadgets and devices
13 3. Modern-Day Life Life in the Future Future: Will and may
In the near future? Technological gadgets
14 Only the future can tell Predictions Future: Will & going to for predictions
15 Try before you buy At the store Customer and sales assistant language
16 Communication Ways and effects of communication Developing speaking
17 -9 Consolidation & Worksheets Several Contents from unit 1
20 Test Yourself Reflection Checking learning progress
23 Unit 2: Keeping Fit and Healthy
24 4. The World of Sport Mind and body Yoga and relaxation techniques
Health is wealth
25 Work out and live longer Sports & outdoor activities Possessive pronouns - Phrasal verbs
26 April 7th Health & fitness routines Past simple vs present perfect
Functional language for agreeing / disagreeing
27 5. An Apple A Day Keeps The Doctor Illness and treatments Vocabulary for common illnesses
Away. On the mend Verbs for medical procedures
28 Feeling under the weather At the doctor Giving advice: should / could
29 In good shape? Giving advice Injuries and medical vocabulary
30 6. Traditional Or Alternative Alternative medicine Alternative health and therapies vocabulary
Just what the doctor ordered Pronunciation: alternative medicine
31 Laugh your head off The benefits of laughter Reading for comprehension / jokes
32 Not for the fainthearted! Extreme sports Equipment for sports / Discussing
33 Communication Suggestions for well-being Developing speaking
34-36 Consolidation & Worksheets Several Contents from unit 2
40. Unit 3: Language and Culture

41 7. More Than Words Different forms of language Body language and feelings vocabulary
Expression is the essence of thought Verbs: look / seem
42 Body talk Body language issues Revision of verb tenses
Verbs to talk about body language
43 Wearing your heart on your sleeve Expressing what you mean Present, past and future experiences / agreeing and disagreeing
44 8. The Sounds Of Silence Inclusion Sign language vocabulary
Sign Language Giving reasons
45 What did they say? Understanding sign language Reported speech / Listening for specific information
46 Where there is smoke there is fire Types of conversations Reporting on what is said
47 9. Give Me A Reason Neologisms Giving reasons
Words are never enough Neologism vocabulary
2
48 Serving a purpose Cause and effect Cause, effect and purpose expressions
49 Getting around US road signs Colours - shapes - translation
50 Communication Body language & conversation Developing speaking
Middle Pages
57 Focus on Presentation skills Organising a presentation
58 Focus on Speaking skills Developing descriptions
59 Focus on Listening skills Listening for details
60-61 Focus on Reading skills Public notices and detail reading
62 Focus on Writing skills Describing a sequence of events
63. Unit 4: The Natural World
64 10. What A Wonderful World! The seven natural wonders of the world WH questions - Comparing
Natural places vocabulary
65 Mother nature Describing natural wonders Nouns and adjectives for places
67 11. Variety Is the Spice Of Life Ethnic groups Vocabulary for habitats and activities
Around the world
66 - Highlights and challenges Natural places Comparing - affixes
68 Feeling snowed under Comparing climates Comparisons of equality and inequality

Describing climate vocabulary
69 Coming in from the cold Extreme climate places Geographical formation, inhabitants, fauna, climate
70 12. You’ll Take The High Road And I’ll Chilean agriculture Adjectives, adverbs and nouns
Take The Low Road
On the Chilean road
71 Letting off steam Feelings and travelling adjectives -ed/-ing
72 Hit the road, Jack Travelling by bus Buying bus tickets - Arrival and departure schedule
73 Communication Describing world wonders Developing speaking
80. Unit 5: It’s Just a Jungle Out There

81 13. The Best Of Both Worlds Statistical information Vocabulary to emphasise differences
When in Rome… Countries and numbers
82 All work and no play makes Jack a Working holidays Comparing information
dull boy Types of jobs abroad
83 In two minds Working abroad First conditional
84 14. Make Yourself At Home Living abroad Second conditional

Starting afresh
85 Survival of the fittest Dangerous situations in natural Hypothetical situations
places Experiences
86 On the safe side Dramatic events Natural disasters warnings and recommendations
87 15. When All Else Fails Directions Prepositions

Where the streets have no name Asking and giving directions
88 As right as rain Weather and climate Climate and weather adjectives, nouns and verbs
Describing weather
3
80. Unit 5: It’s Just a Jungle Out There
89 Have a roof over your head Places to live abroad Polite questions
Housing conditions and services
90 Communication Hypothetical situations and locations Developing speaking
97. Unit 6: A Whale of a Time

98 16. Chilling Out Free time and television For and against reasons - Information and opinions
Square-eyed Free time vocabulary
99 Like watching paint dry Boredom Being creative - Giving reasons
100 In my humble opinion Opinions Linking words
Rational or emotional opinions
101 17. Busy As A Bee Free time habits Expressing likes/dislikes
Having a good time Hobbies and entertainment
102 Out in the West End Free time events The passive voice
Allotments
103 Green fingers Making Santiago greener Active and passive voice
Urban agricultural projects
104 18. Staying In Touch Having a good time Respond to offers, suggestions and invitations
Just for laughs
105 So to speak Making conversation Expressions for conversations
106 Keeping up to date The news Words related to news - Expressing opinions about the news
107 Communication Preferences and free time Developing speaking
Language Focus & Audio scripts

Page Unit References
114-15 General List of irregular verbs. British American vocabulary. Phonemic chart
116 Unit 1 Grammar: revision of verb tenses: past, present and future - used to, includes activity
Vocabulary: communication and technology phrases and expressions - includes activity
Language in context: Giving opinions, giving factual and personal information
118 Unit 2 Grammar: possessive pronouns - revision of past simple vs present perfect
Vocabulary: phrasal verbs related to sports and used in different contexts
Language in context: talking about health and sports
120 Unit 3 Grammar: reported speech - expressing purpose, cause and result - so and that clauses
Vocabulary: sign language - neologisms - road signs
Language in context: talking about events: cause and effect - includes activity
121 Unit 4 Grammar: revision of comparative and superlative adjectives. Affixes: prefixes and suffixes.
Revision of past simple. Comparing equality and inequality. Adjectives with -ed and -ing -
Vocabulary: natural scenery and man-made places, travelling, agricultural production
Language in context: expressions when travelling
122 Unit 5 Grammar: first and second conditional forms, polite questions
Vocabulary: jobs and places. Weather words. Survival gear - includes activity
Language in context: formal and informal email
124 Unit 6 Grammar: active and passive form – linking words
Vocabulary: entertainment activities - includes vocabulary activity
Language in context: language for invitations
126-30 Units 1-3 Audio scripts: Listening activities from the units
130-31 Focus on skills Audio script for listening skills
131-35 Units 4-6 Audio scripts: Listening activities from the units
Listening skills activity
4
Dear student, Symbols in the book
We are a team of teachers who have written this The different kind of activities have a symbol according to what is most
book thinking of you. We have chosen topics from important to practise.
Chile so that you will be able to recognise the
places and have fun exchanging information with
your partners in the course. The objective is for you Speaking Writing
to learn English and enjoy it also.
We ask you for feedback so that we can improve
the next edition of this book and make the learning
of English at the British Institute an easier task Listening Reading
and an enjoyable experience.
Boxes in the book
To communicate with us please, write to the
following email with your comments. We really There are special information
appreciate your participation. Grammar: boxes to help you understand
and practise the different verbs,
prepositions, etc. you need to structure the language.
crossingbridges@britanico.cl
Words and expressions you

Vocabulary: need to use related to a
Book Organisation: Three Units - Three lessons each.
specific topic. There is a lot of
Course 5: Units 1 to 3
Course 6: Units 4 to 6 vocabulary; learn the words you need to express your ideas.
Everyday expressions usually

This book has three units for each course. Each unit has three Functional Language: used for speaking.
lessons with the contents.
To practise sounds, especially
On the cover page of each unit you have a description of Pronunciation: those that are different from
the objectives for that unit and photographs to use to practise Spanish.
your English.
These are suggestions to help
At the beginning of each lesson you have a box "I will be
Tips For Learning: you in your learning process.
able to." that explains what you will be able to do by the end of
that lesson. Share this with your teacher and classmates. Check the Interesting extra information on
statements at the end of the lesson to monitor your progress. Did You Know…? a specific topic.
At the end of every unit there is a page with

After Unit 3 and before Unit 4
Communication activities to practise your speaking, to help you
feel more confident using English.
In the middle of the book there are extra activities to help you develop the
different skills (listening, speaking, reading , writing) and vocabulary. You
The Consolidation and Grammar and Vocabulary
can use them for course 5 or 6.
worksheets, at the end of the unit, are for extra practice, to help
you remember and to check if there are some topics you need to List of irregular verbs - British American words in use -
review. Phonemic chart
At the back of the book you will find this information.
Finally, each unit has a Test yourself page. Complete
the activities individually and then share with your teacher; they can Grammar reference
help confirm your learning process. There are more detailed explanations, exceptions and examples on the
use of grammar and vocabulary from each unit 1-6.
Use the Check Unit … box for reflection and always
Audio scripts
complete with an example. If you are not sure, ask your teacher.
These are the listening audio scripts from each unit. They include the
This is the best way to check your learning progress.
activities and the pronunciation boxes. They are in the same order as the
At the end of each unit you have two blank pages for Notes. units in the book 1-6.
5
1
Unit
Unit 1: VIRTUALLY ANYWHERE
OBJECTIVES
In this unit I will be able to:
• identify and describe different forms of communication.
• express simple opinions about different forms of communication.
• talk about technology in the past and the future.
6 Unit 1
Unit 1 - Lesson 1: Communicating
Face the music I will be able to:
1a. Look at the pictures on the opposite page.
What are the people doing? What devices • use collocations in the context of face-to-face communication.
can you see? Make a list of the devices. • express simple opinions about face-to-face communication.
• compare face-to-face and digital communication.
• understand written texts.
1b. Listen to Pablo and Dario. What are they talking

about? Circle the best option.
a. Different forms of communication 1e. Talk to a classmate about a recent conversation with
b. Face-to-face communication a friend, family member or colleague that you enjoyed.
c. Digital communication • When was it? Who did you talk to?
• What was it about?
1c. Listen to the conversation again and decide if the
sentences below are true (T) or false (F). Example: Last Sunday we celebrated my sister´s birthday with a
barbecue. I spoke to her husband about our plans to buy a
1. Face-to-face communication is difficult in big organisations. flat.
2. Parties are good places to communicate with people.
3. If the person is paying attention to what I‘m saying, then Functional Language: face-to-face expressions
communication will be effective.
a. I’m so sorry to interrupt but……
4. Pablo checks his mobile phone while his friends are talking b. I’m so sorry. Is there anything I can do?
to him. c. Excuse me, can you tell me where to find …. ?
d. Excuse me. I think you dropped this.
1d. Look at the statements below. Do you agree or e. After you.
disagree? Share your opinion with a partner. f. Congratulations. That's great news.
1. I love parties because I talk to many people. g. Can I help you with that?
h. Sorry.
2. I don't like speaking on the phone. I only use it if people are far away.
3. I always speak to my neighbours. 1f. Work with a partner and read the following sentences.
4. I meet my colleagues once a week after work to talk and have fun. Which expression would you use in each situation?
Example: In my opinion parties are great fun and I like to talk to many 1. You arrive at a door at the same time as another person.
people. And how about you? Do you agree?
2. You see somebody drop a book and you pick it up for them.
Did You Know…? 3. A neighbour announces he will get married next month.
4. Your colleague tells you his mother is in hospital.
“Listen with curiosity. Speak with honesty. Act with integrity.
The greatest problem with communication is we don’t listen to 5. A secretary is trying to print but the printer isn't working.
understand. We listen to reply. When we listen with curiosity, we 6. You step on somebody’s shoe by mistake in a street with many people.
don’t listen with the intent to reply. We listen for what’s behind 7. You need to give the boss an urgent message.
the words.”
Roy T. Bennett, The Light in the Heart, 2016
8. You can’t see the product you want in the store and need to ask an
assistant.
Unit 1 - Lesson 1 7
Straight to the point
2c. Complete the sentences below with the correct form
of the verbs given.
use - text - play - not have (x2) - be - read
1. …………………………………………………….. has replaced talking.

2. ……………………………........………….. the body language and facial
expressions of others are essential in communication.
3. …………………………………….....….. a permanent job was a serious
2a. Read about the advantages of face-to- problem for him.
face communication. Parts of the text have
been removed. For each gap (1, 2, 3) choose
4. …………………………………………… your thumbs when texting may
cause problems to your hands.
the part that best fits (a, b, c). There is a part
that you do not need to use. 5. .……………………………………. computer games may cause addiction.
6. ………………………………………….. an addict can be harmful to long-
1. Speaking to someone in person can be very motivating. __________ term health.
2. The best way to discover what an individual is thinking is to speak 7. …………………………………… a mobile phone is strange these days.
to them in person. Did you know that spoken words represent For further practice go to page 18.
less than 10% of the communication between humans? __________
2d. With your partner think of other advantages of face-
3. A close friendship or a good working relationship requires a real to-face communication. Use verbs with –ing form as
connection with someone. This is very difficult if you do not speak much as possible.
to them face to face. __________
3a. Put the verbs into the correct column to
a. You do not need to be friends with everyone, but friendship can make vocabulary collocations .
happen in the workplace or anywhere else, and avoiding face-
to-face communication may definitely stop this natural process.
express an/ my - state the - have a/an - deny the - get into
b. The rest consists of body language, voice inflection, facial form an - deep in - check the
expressions, etc. So face-to-face communication would definitely
be a positive thing! Vocabulary: communication collocations
c. Body language is the movement of our hands and the postures OPINION FACT CONVERSATION
we adopt when we talk to someone. express an/my
d. It is always more effective to walk up to people, smile at them,
and thank them in person for something they have done or said
than to send an email.
Adapted from http://www.lichaamstaal.com/english/ 29 – 01- 2020
3b. Choose the correct collocation from the lists in 3a.

2b. Look at these sentences from the text: above to complete the sentences below.
Speaking to someone in person can be very motivating. check the facts They don’t make sense.
Example: I think you need to ................................
... avoiding face-to-face communication may definitely stop this
natural process. 1. I …………….. an interesting ……………… with the manager at the store.
What do they have in common? 2. Do you …………………………………………………………... on the subject?
3. You cannot ………………………………….....…….……. that you loved her.
Grammar: verbs as subjects in a sentence 4. It took me some time to …….........................…… even though I didn’t
• Complete this sentence based on the examples above. really have one.
Verbs as ……………… in a sentence take the …………… form. 5. I would like to …………………….…………..………….. on the subject.
For more information go to the Grammar Reference.

6. It is hard to ……………………………………….. in this pub; it is too loud!
For further practice go to page 18.
8 Unit 1 - Lesson 1
Being on the same wavelength
Did You Know…?
According to the OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development in 2017, 40% of Chilean adolescents spend
from two to six hours on the Internet using smartphones, tablets
or computers. Statistics based on the 35 countries that are part of
this organisation show that, for regional countries, the average
for adolescents who spend six or more hours on the Internet is
24.6% and for Chilean adolescents it is 31.9%, which is above
the average.
4a. Discuss these questions with your partner,
and use the language learnt so far.
4e. Read the following situations with your partner and
discuss. Which would be the best way to communicate?
• On what occasions do you think it is important to communicate face-
to- face? Why? Situation 1: Situation 2:
• Are there times when you prefer other forms of communication? You have to tell your boss You would like to invite your
you cannot go to work friends to your birthday
Example: I prefer talking face-to-face if I want to express my opinion. because your son is sick. celebration this coming weekend.
If I need to communicate urgently I use Whatsapp.
4b. Go back to page 6. With your partner, decide Situation 3: Situation 4:

which photographs show digital communication. Then You promised your client Think of a situation, tell your
compare face-to-face and digital communication. that his/her order would be classmates and they decide
on time but you have just which would be the best way to
4c. Listen to Dr Janet Singer talking about Human
realised it will be late. communicate.
Communication (HC) versus Digital Communication (DC).
What is the main disadvantage of DC in her opinion?
Choose from the list below. Pronunciation: the -sh sound
a. You need to spend money on special gadgets. Practise saying these words:
b. You don’t see the other person’s face. communication - transformation
options - conversation - expressions
c. You miss other very important aspects of personal interaction.
Can you find others?
d. Children are not communicating in an appropriate way.
4f. You are going to have a mini debate on advantages
4d. Listen to the talk again and choose the correct phrase
and disadvantages of different forms of communication.
to finish each sentence.
Work with a partner or small team and use vocabulary
1. Twenty years ago, people: from this lesson.
a. didn’t use to have telephones.
b. used to post letters. Team A: You think face-to-face communication has many advantages
and a few disadvantages. Here are some ideas to help you: more
2. The development of technology has allowed us to: personal - eye contact - body language - more connection at work and
a. have access to different forms of communication. with family and friends - pay more attention - children have problems
b. communicate better. etc.
3. With the new forms of communication we have:
a. lost personal interaction.
b. replaced the telephone with text messages.
Team B: You think digital communication has many advantages and a
4. When we use different forms of digital communication, we:
few disadvantages.
a. can use different tools to express our feelings.
Here are some ideas to help you: faster - the message is written - you
b. miss the real message.
don't need to show your emotions - communicate at a distance at work
5. The doctor says that, with digital communication, children: and with friends and family - you can choose (email, Whatsapp, etc.) -
a. are not communicating effectively. you can study with a tutor online - children can learn to communicate
b. need extra lessons in communication. etc.
Unit 1 - Lesson 1 9
Unit 1 - Lesson 2: Technology Surrounds Us
Nuts and bolts I will be able to:
1a. What types of technology do the pictures • describe digital technology.
show? Write their names above the pictures.
• discuss the effects of technology on our lives.
• understand tips to use technology in an effective way.
• compare technology in the past and the present.
about advanced drones that can track criminals or locate people

around the world. Other machines that can work with very little human
participation are robots too.
Many people believe that automated work at workplaces will be the
cause of unemployment in the near future.
1 2 Technology is also helping us deal with the problem of pollution
by developing clean energy, and the development of solar power
technology has helped many people in distant places.
Generation of electricity through wind turbines has also grown in
recent years and, as a result, in the near future technology can help us
use cleaner and greener energy.
With the help of the Internet, anyone on this planet can now have
access to not only basic education but also advanced topics. Excellent
universities from different countries are already recording lessons
and publishing those materials on the Internet for everyone to watch
3 4 and learn from. With better Internet connectivity and smartphones,
“education for all” is not a dream anymore.
1b. Work with your partner and match the types of Adapted from: https://www.totalphase.com/blog/2017/05/impact-technology
technology with the area(s) in which they are used.
transport - telecommunications - trade - health - safety and 1d. Read the text again and make a list of the uses of the
security - food - manufacturing - entertainment devices mentioned.
smartphones drones solar panels wind

1. 2. 3. 4. turbines
watching
videos
1c. Read the text about the impact of technology in our

lives. Which technological device in the pictures is not
mentioned in the text? Which other device is mentioned
but is not in the pictures?
The Impact of Technology in Our Lives 1e. Look at these sentences from the text. What are they
Today phones do everything. They enable expressing? Check the grammar box below.
us to take high-resolution pictures, Smartphones have made our lives easier.
watch perfect videos, use the Internet to The development of solar power technology has helped many people in
find information, upload and download distant places.
documents, create presentations and
read documents. None of these require
a PC anymore. You can even print using Grammar: present simple vs present perfect
your phone. Smartphones have made our lives easier.
The negative point is that the smartphone revolution has made us lazy. The present perfect form is used to describe an action that began in
Scientific and engineering communities have turned science fiction the past and continues up to now.
into reality. Intelligent machines are now a part of our daily lives. Think Check Grammar Reference for more information.
10 Unit 1 - Lesson 2
Greasing the wheels
2e. Listen again and check your answers.
2a. Talk with your partner. Have you ever
done any online shopping? If so, what did 2f. With a partner rank the tips in 2d. from the most
you buy? Give details. useful to the least useful. Give reasons.
Example: 'I bought some shoes recently. They took a month to arrive, Example: In my opinion, the first tip to consider is ...............
and I had to send them back because they weren’t the right because.................. Do you agree?
size’
‘I’ve never done online shopping. I don’t think it’s safe’. 3a. Are you ready to go shopping online?
2b. Match the words or phrases with the pictures below. Work with a partner.
There is one image for two words. How are they related
to online shopping? You can visit your favourite website or go to any of these:
https://www.bestproducts.com/tech/g864/cool-tech-products-you-need/
www.amazon.com - www.aliexpress.com
3b. Choose a product (latest gadget, appliance or device)

you would like to buy and read the available information.
1 2 3 4 5 Some ideas: bluetooth speakers - waterproof speakers - wireless
_____ return policy _____ size _____ gift headphones - wi-fi router - advanced wireless mouse
coupon receipt shipping 3c. Complete the form below with the product's
information.
_____ _____ _____
2c. Jodie Filogomo is a style blogger who gives tips for

successful and fun online shopping. Listen and see how 1.Main technical characteristics /features: ________________________________
much you understand about her advice on these topics. _______________________________________________________________________________________
Discuss with your partner.

_______________________________________________________________________________________
2d. Complete the extracts of the talk with the words in 2.Colour: __________________________________________________________________________
the box. There are two extra words you don´t need.
3.Size (if necessary) : ____________________________________________________________
smaller - coupon - shopping - colour - record - Google 4.Price: ____________________________________________________________________________
shipping - return - customers - items
5.Return policy : __________________________________________________________________
1. Find what you like by looking up the item on …………......………………. 6.Shipping costs: ________________________________________________________________
2. You want to make sure that it’s easy to …………………………………. or 7.Guarantee: ______________________________________________________________________
send back any items to the onsite store. 8.Coupon codes: _________________________________________________________________
3. It is very important to check the opinion of other ……........…………. 9.Have you checked product reviews and FAQs? __________________________
about the same product.
4. Remember that it is much easier to make alterations on bigger
………....................….. 3d. Write a short message to the company asking for
more information about a detail the website doesn´t
5. You should know that …………………………………. is one aspect of mention.
online shopping that you will never be sure about until the item is in
your home.
6. Many sites will have free …………………………………. if you spend a
certain amount of money.
7. Do a web search for …………………………………. codes for that store.
8. Keep a…………………………………. of all of your shopping.
3e. Get together with another pair. Compare your
For further practice go to page 19. shopping information.
Unit 1 - Lesson 2 11
Outdated technology
4c. Read the texts again and complete the sentences
4a. Look at the items below. What are they?
below with the correct device.
Do you remember having one at home?
Share memories with your classmates. 1. ……………………………….. was invented in the 19th century.
2. Most people couldn’t afford to buy a …………………………………. at the
beginning.
3. Instead of using …………………………………. to store information, now
you can do it on ‘clouds’.
4. People were able to listen to music everywhere on their
1 2 ……………………………….
4d. Look at these sentences related to the text above.
What are they expressing? Check the Grammar box
below.
• In the 1980s many people used to have Walkmans to listen to
3 4 cassettes.
• TVs used to be very expensive.
• People didn’t use to store images on floppy disks.
• How did they use to enjoy music outside the home before this
invention?
4b. Read the texts about old technology and arrange Grammar: used to
the devices in order of invention, from the oldest to the
newest. Look at the examples in 4d. and complete the following rule using
Early TVs could not show colour, and it was these words: happened - past - happens - use to - past
not until 1954 that the first colour TVs were Used to + verb describes a ................................................ habit.
introduced. They used to be very expensive,
so most people really did not have colour TVs We use used to for something that .................................. regularly
until the 1970s or later. We now have LCD in the .................................. but no longer .......................................
TVs which are much larger and have a clearer
CAREFUL with negative and questions. What verb form do we need?
picture.
................................+ verb.
In the 1980s many people used to have
For more information go to the Grammar Reference.
Walkmans to listen to cassettes. All of a
sudden people realised they could walk along 4e. With your partner talk about the devices which you
the street and listen to their favourite music or your family used to or didn’t use to have.
at the same time. How did they use to enjoy
Example: My grandmother used to have a metal iron; it was very
music outside the home before this invention? heavy.
The film camera was also developed in the 4f. Think of another technological item that you had
1830s from ideas that had been around for either as a child or a teenager. Describe it in a paragraph
hundreds of years before. These days we use of about 50 words. Use the texts in 4b. as models.
digital cameras and smartphones to take
pictures, but some people still prefer film
cameras today because they think the photos
are of better quality.
The floppy disk, invented in 1967, was a way of

storing and moving computer data. They used
to be very unreliable and could not hold much
data. These days, they have been replaced by
USB sticks and virtual clouds. For further practice go to page 18.
Lesson 3: Modern-Day Life
In the near future?
I will be able to:
1a. What technological appliances/gadgets
do you have at home? What would you like • talk about new gadgets.
to have? Compare with your partner. • make predictions about the future and technology.
• learn expressions to buy an electronic device.
1b. Read about household technology in the future.
Which of these devices or gadgets would you like to 1c. Read the text again and decide if the sentences below
have? Read and then discuss with you partner. are true (T) or false (F).
1. We probably won’t have a TV set as we know them today.
This is the Smart Home of the Future
2. We will have virtual furniture at home.
What will the home of the future look
like? 3. Appliances in the kitchen will ‘communicate’ with you.
The High-Tech Living Room 4. As we wake up, smartphone apps will give us information
In the living room of the future, smart about the day ahead.
speakers will be a central characteristic
with newer models connected to every 5. We may not need to go to a spa in the future.
element in your home. Watching TV
and films will be a totally different 1d. Read the text once more and underline the sentences
experience. You may choose not to have a TV at all and choose a high- that express ideas in the future.
resolution projector that turns any white wall into your own personal
cinema. Grammar: will & may for predictions
Open-source furniture
Apps and online platforms will use virtual reality to help you visualise We use will /will not (won’t) We use may /may not to make
how a sofa or chair will look in your home. Then verified delivery people to make predictions with a high predictions with some degree of
will carry the goods you bought right into your home. Your living room degree of certainty certainty
will probably be even more of a central focus than it already is.
Smart Cooking in the Kitchen Example: Example:
The goal of kitchen technology won’t be to do the cooking for you, but it •Watching TV and films •You may choose not to
may make you a better cook. Smart ovens will have cameras and digital will be a totally different have a TV at all.
thermometers, helping you monitor your food as it cooks. experience.
Smart refrigerators will help reduce waste by letting you know that
you need to cook the carrots and offering several recipes you could do NOTE: If you use will probably, you can also use may.
with them. The smart fridge will even send cooking instructions to your Example:
smart oven. Your living room will probably be even more of a central
Tech Enters the Bedroom focus than it already is. = Your living room may be even
Making everyday life better and easier begins with a good night’s sleep. more of a central focus than it already is.
Sleep trackers such as smartphone apps will use sensors to measure For more information go to the Grammar Reference.
your sleep, while an alarm clock will help you begin your day on the right
foot with the time, weather, and news.
Yes, Even in the Bathroom 1e. Re-write the sentences below using may /may not.
In the future, you may not have to go to a spa to relax. Your digital
1. By 2030, people will probably live on the Moon.
assistant can do that for you with smart shower systems, high-tech
tubs which will induce relaxed brain waves, while gadgets will let you
programme and control your own aromatherapy session from your __________________________________________________________________________________________
iPhone. 2. There will probably be flying cars by the end of this decade.
Remember, a decade ago we could not imagine being so attached
to our smartphones, let alone ordering groceries on the Internet or
barking commands at a digital assistant. With time, even the strangest __________________________________________________________________________________________
things can become normal. 1f. With your partner, make some predictions about
smart houses in the next five years. Use will/won't and
Adapted from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-16/this-is-the- may/may not.
smart-home-of-the-future For further practice go to page 18 and 19.
Only the future can tell
2c. Make four predictions about how technology will
2a. Look at the pictures. What do you think is
advance in Chile. Make sure that two of them use will
going to happen? Talk with your partner.
(based on opinion or intuition) and two use going to
(based on present evidence). Write them in the first
column in the table below.
Predictions Person 1 Person 2
1 2
3 4
Example: In picture 1, they are going to kiss, then they’re going to.....
Grammar: will/going to for predictions

We can use both will and going to for predictions. But how do we
know when to use the correct one? Look at the sentences below:
•I think in 2030, flying cars will be very popular.
•I saw a flying car today. I think in 2030, flying cars are going to
be very popular.
What is the difference? Discuss with your partner.
Which sentence is a prediction based on evidence?
2d. Ask two people in the class their opinion. Do they
agree or disagree with your predictions? Why? Write
notes about what they say in the table.
Check Grammar Reference for more information.
2b. Circle the correct option. Choose between going to/

2e. Share what you found out with the whole class. Do
will in the following sentences.
you all agree or have different opinions? Write the two
1. Mobile phones are becoming a necessity. From the statistics I read in most common predictions (one based on opinion and
an article, in 10 years’ time 90 % of the people in the world are going one based on evidence).
to/will have one.
2. In a few years’ time we are going to /will buy cheap smart household
appliances in the supermarkets.
3. By 2050 all students at school are going to / will have their own
computers or maybe they aren’t going to / won’t go to school any
longer. For further practice go to pages 18 and 19.
4. I visited a solar farm the other day; technology is really advancing. The
engineer told me that our electricity is going to/will be much cheaper Did You Know…?
very soon.
In Chile, a new AI (Artificial Intelligence) system, offered by a
5. I saw a new gadget the other day but it’s still very expensive. It is going private company, will include mobility, cloud computing, social
to / will be cheaper next year I imagine. business and big data. In other words, they will be able to
6. In the future I think many people are going to / will work from home. diagnose medical conditions or even offer new information about
legal cases. They will also offer a home automation system and
7. Do you really think cars are going to /will fly in the near future? will be able to predict if your car isn’t working correctly. Will all
8. Which countries do you think are going to / will sign the new this bring more equality to a society that really needs it? Or will
environmental agreement next year? this be available to only a few?
Taken from: https://www.cronicadigital.cl
Try before you buy
3d.Listen and check your answers.
3e.Now work with a partner and write a dialogue
together. Use the situations below for ideas. Make sure
you use the same phrases as in the previous dialogue.
A) You want to buy a new computer for gaming.
3a. What was the last piece of technology B) You need a new iPad for reading e-books.
you bought? Where did you buy it? Discuss
C) You are looking for a laser printer for your office.
with your partner.
3b. Listen to a dialogue between a customer and a sales

assistant in a tech shop, and answer the questions below.
1. What is the customer looking for? ____________________________________________

2. Is the sales assistant very helpful? ___________________________________________
3. Does the customer buy anything else? ______________________________________
3c. Look at the dialogue below. Fill in the gaps with the
missing phrases.
Could you tell me… I’ll take it

Can I help you with anything else today? Excuse me?
………would be perfect for you. would you like a…
I am looking for a new phone…… how can I help?
Thank you very much and have a lovely day
1. Customer: ......................................................................................
2. SA: Hello, .......................................................................................
3. Customer: Well, ................................................................., but
I am not very good with technology so I am not sure which one to
choose.
4. SA: OK don’t worry. What do you usually use your phone for?
5. Customer: Oh not much really, just browsing on the Internet, using
social media, and I make the occasional call from time to time..........
3f. Practise your dialogue with your partner. Share it with
.............................................................. what specification I need? your classmates. Who used all the phrases?
6. SA: OK, I think the Moto H6 ........................................................... For further practice go to page 18 & 19.
It has medium power and sufficient memory for browsing. And it’s on
offer. Here, try it before you buy it.
Did You Know…?
7. Customer: It looks great! ................................................................
Useless technology: Air-Conditioned Shoes.
8. SA: OK, .................................................................................. bag?
These air-conditioned shoes promise refreshing comfort during
9. Customer: Yes please. the summer. They are lightweight and popular, selling 6.7 million
10. SA: ............................................................................................... pairs between 2003 to 2016.
https://www.hongkiat.com/blog/useless-tech-inventions/
11. Customer: No you’ve been very helpful ...........................................
Unit 1 - Communication
1a. Look at the pictures and choose your three favourite forms of communication.
1b. Ask your partner about his/her favourite ways of communicating and compare. Are they similar? Discuss and give
reasons for your choices.
1 2 3
4 5 6
1c. Use the pictures above and write a list of positive and negative aspects of these forms of communication. Choose
two to read to a partner and compare with their sentences. Add a new idea you heard from your partner.
Positive effects Negative effects
2a. Think of new and outdated technology and make a list. Then talk with your partner about your list. Which ones
do you consider the most outdated and the newest technology on your list? Why?
Outdated technology items New technology items
2b. Choose one outdated or one new technology item on your list in 2a. and write a short paragraph of about 40
words answering these questions:
How do you use it? / What are the benefits? / What are the negative effects? / Where can you use it?
3. Talk with your partner. What technology, apps and gadgets do you think you will use in 2030? Which will be the
most important in your opinion? Use will, may and going to.
16 Unit 1 - Communication
Unit 1 - Consolidation
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
1a. Make a list of all the different types of digital communication that you can see in the pictures and any others you
can think of.
1b. Share information with your partner and add any he/ 3a. In the table below, write down the positive and
she has mentioned and you haven’t. negative aspects of technology in our lives today.
1c. Go through the complete list and tick (√) the ones Advantages Disadvantages
you use the most.
1d. Write a paragraph of about 50 words about why you
prefer these types of digital communication.
3b. Now compare with your partner, and complete any

that are missing from your partner’s table.
4. Write some predictions about the topics below in 50

years' time.
Population Amount of people The use of

of the world who speak English mobile phones
2. Write three tips for someone who is shopping online

for the first time.
Unit 1 - Consolidation 17
Unit 1 - Grammar & Vocabulary Worksheets
1a. Complete these sentences with the correct form of 3. Read the text below and fill in the blanks with used to
the verb. + the verbs in the box in the appropriate form.
express - buy - speak - make - listen - dream cook - play - go - sing - enjoy - watch - have
Dreaming Sweet Memories

Example: ………………………. of a better future is being positive.
used to go
I remember when I was around 10 years old. We ……........................……
1. ………………………. English has become a must these days.
to my grandmother’s house for our holidays. I usually went with my
2. ………………………. to people is the essence of communication.
brother and we ……........................…… (1) outside if the weather
3. ………………………. latest technology is usually expensive. was good. In the evenings we ……........................…… (2) TV- a black
4. ………………………. eye contact is important when talking to someone. and white one! My grandma ……........................…… (3) an old
5. ………………………. emotions is healthy and necessary. radio and we ……........................…… (4) the songs we heard. She
1b. Write a sentence using a verb as the subject. ……........................…… (5) our favourite dishes for Sunday lunch. We
……........................…… (6) our holidays so much! They are the sweetest
memories I have.
4. Which prediction is correct in each situation below?
2a. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the 1. a) I listened to the weather forecast. It will be nice at the weekend.
collocations about opinion, fact , or conversation. b) I listened to the weather forecast. It’s going to be nice at the
weekend.
expressing your opinon
Example: Thank you for ..................................................... I suggest c) I listened to the weather forecast. It is being nice at the weekend.
check your facts
you ..................................................... on Google. 2. a) I feel terrible. I think I am going to be sick.
b) I feel terrible. I think I’m being sick.
1. I was talking to this guy and we ………................…………………….. this c) I feel terrible. I think I’ll be sick.
really interesting ………………….........…..…… about travelling to Asia. 3. a) It’s 8:30! We miss the train!
b) It’s 8:30! We will miss the train!
2. You cannot ……………………….....…..........................……………………. c) It’s 8:30! We are going to miss the train!
that the economy is falling; the evidence is all around us. 4. a) Jones is kicking the ball towards the goal, he is going to score…
he’s scored!
3. I’m afraid I ……………………........................……………………………… b) Jones is kicking the ball towards the goal, he scores… he’s
on the matter; it is none of my business as far as I’m concerned. scored!
c) Jones is kicking the ball towards the goal, he will score…he’s
4. It is hard to …………………............................……………………………. scored!
on the subject when we know very little information. 5. a) I think the population will increase in 10 years’ time.
b) I think the population is going to increase in 10 years’ time.
5. We were ……………......……....................…………………………………… c) I think the population will go to increase in 10 years’ time.
when someone knocked on the door and interrupted us.
5. Make these sentences negative.
6. I think we need to ………….......………………………………………………… Example: I’ll probably buy it online.
I probably won’t buy it online. I need to check the size.
about what happened last night.
1. She will definitely update her kitchen appliances when she moves to
the new house.
2b. Now write a sentence with two of the collocations
used above.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Thomas will certainly get a new bike for his birthday.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
18 Unit 1 - Grammar & Vocabulary Worksheets

Unit 1 - Grammar & Vocabulary Worksheets
6. Write examples of technology in the following areas: 9. Write questions for the answers given.
1. Household video doorbell, Example How will we educate our children in the future?
2. Trade I think children won't go to school in the future.
3. Work efficiency 1.
We’re going to buy those gadgets online this evening.
4. Power
2.
5. Entertainment
I’m not sure, I think they’ll come on Saturday.
6. Health
3.
7. Make predictions for the situations below. Use going It’ll probably rain so we may cancel our trip.
to.
Example: The traffic is awful! 10a. Put the letters in the correct order to complete the
puzzle with words related to online shopping. The letters
We are going to be late
1. The sky is cloudy. in the grey squares will complete the missing word in 7.
1. gsipnihp H
2. preteic
2. The football match is on TV.
3. noopcu
C
4. fitg C
3. My favourite singer has a new album. 5. zeis
6. baodra
7. _ _ _ _ _ _ P O L I C Y D
4. Look at the time!
10b. Write a sentence using two of these words.
8. Choose the correct alternatives to complete the text.

In the past, people ………………….. used to (0) communicate via
handwritten letters. Then a new form of communication was
invented in 1792, the telegraph. This form of communication
……....................……..............…. (1) people an alternative way
to communicate. Then in the 1800s the telephone and the radio 0. a. used b. gave c. had
were invented. With these new devices people …….........……. (2) 1. a. used b. had c. gave
able to communicate much faster. It could be said that radio, 2. a. was b. were c. had
telephone and letters ……....................………. (3) their social
media then. 3. a. were b. did c. could
As the creation of new technology ……....................……….., (4) 4. a. has been b. has become c. has evolved
the Internet ...............………. (5) more domesticated and easier 5. a. has become b. has made c. has been
to use by non-experts. As a result, people ……..............…. (6)
6. a. is b. are c. can be
able to use email and chatrooms for faster communication.
As the Internet ……...……..................…. (7) more popular, new 7. a. is b. has been c. has become
platforms ……....................………. (8) their way to mainstream 8. a. is made b. has made c. have made
and are very successful, such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter 9. a. have seen b. have created c. have made
and Whatsapp. These platforms ……....................………. (9) a
new way for us to ……....................………. (10) with the world. 10. a. communicate b. see c. face
For revision of the unit's vocabulary go to page 117.
Unit 1 - Grammar & Vocabulary Worksheets 19

Unit 1 - Test Yourself
1. Read about this new phone and answer the questions. 2b. Write a short description to sell your new gadget.
•Is this: a) a story b) an advert c) a newspaper article? You must include:
•What are the main features of the phone? √ An explanation about what people have used before but hasn’t worked.
√ An explanation about what the product will do for the customers.
Have you ever been frustrated
because your pockets are too small? √ A description of its features.
We have used smartphones small
√ How to buy it online.
enough to put in a bag but not for
packing away in any small space. Make sure you use the grammar and vocabulary learnt throughout this
This is because we need it to be big unit.
enough to watch videos. Well, we
have the perfect product for you – the
flexi phone. It is the same size as a regular phone but when you need
to put it away and hide it in very small places, it folds three times
and also has a special magnet that helps you put it away and stick it
anywhere you like. You will be lost without it. You will also never lose
your phone again. Go to our website www.flexi-phone.com, click on
our offers page and get free delivery to anywhere in the world.
2a. You are going to promote a new piece of technology/

electronic device/ gadget that you have recently invented.
Write some ideas about it below with your partner.
2c. Share your description with a partner and ask him/

her to help you correct it.
2d. Now find another partner and offer your new gadget
to him/her without reading your description. Your
partner can ask questions and you must try to "sell" your
device.
Check Unit 1
Reflect on your learning and tick (√) the appropriate box for each point below. yes need to improve not yet
I can …
1. ... use collocations in the context of face-to-face communication.
2. ... express simple opinions and compare face-to-face and digital communication.
3. ... understand written texts.
4. ... describe digital technology and discuss its effects on our lives.
5. ... understand tips to use technology in an effective way.
6. ... compare technology in the past and the present.
7. ... talk about new gadgets and learn expressions to buy an electronic device.
8. ... make predictions about the future and technology.
20 Unit 1 - Test Yourself

Notes
21
Notes
22
2Unit
Unit 2: KEEPING FIT AND HEALTHY
OBJECTIVES
• start, maintain and close a simple conversation on health and fitness.
• express personal views and opinions in an informal discussion.
• agree and disagree politely.
• write simple texts on health and fitness.
23 Unit 2 23
Unit 2 - Lesson 4: The World Of Sport
Health is wealth I will be able to:
1a. Look at the previous page. What sports or
• talk about sports and outdoor activities.
physical activities can you see in the pictures?
What others can you think of? Make a list and • talk about health, stress and how to avoid it.
share it with your partner. Say if they are • understand written texts related to sports and physical activity.
indoor or outdoor activities.
1b. Now look at the pictures below and add the activities Meditation
to your list if you don´t have them already. Through yoga you can meditate, and it can help you learn to be more
conscious of the present. Meditation can help lower high blood pressure,
reduce anxiety, decrease tension as well as increase your energy levels.
It can also improve your happiness.
Poses
In yoga, not all poses are equal; certain poses are designed to increase
strength and flexibility, while others are designed to reduce stress.
Breathing
Yoga teaches that controlling your breathing can help you control your
body and relax your mind. You are able to let go of the past and the
future, and just focus on the present.
Adapted from http://yogadigest.com
2e. Read the text again in more detail and decide if

the sentences below are true (T), false (F) or if the text
2a. Look at the picture below. What is the doesn't say (DS)
man doing? Is this an indoor or an outdoor
activity? 1. ___________________ Monday produces high levels of stress.
2. ___________________ Yoga is more beneficial for men than women.
3. ___________________ Meditation helps you concentrate on the present.
4. ___________________ In yoga, all the poses are the same.
5. ___________________ In yoga, physical wellbeing is a secondary benefit.
2d. Discuss the questions below with your partner.

• Have you ever done yoga?
• If so, have you seen benefits? What were they?
2e. Work with a partner and write a list of ways to reduce

2b. Skim through the text and say which three elements
stress.
are important in reducing stress.
EASY WAYS TO REDUCE STRESS

When it comes to the workplace, stress is often inevitable. Did you know
that more heart attacks occur on Mondays rather than any other day
of the week? According to a survey conducted in the USA, the average
American’s reported stress level is quite high. Though the numbers have
fallen lately, people are still living with too much stress, and they are not
doing enough to change this.
Doing yoga can be a great way to reduce stress, relax the mind and stay
in good shape. Here are a few ways you can use yoga to reduce your
stress levels:
Those were the days
3a. Read the passage that Jack has written Vocabulary: phrasal verbs
about his friend, John. Try to remember as
many details as possible. A phrasal verb is a verb that is made up of a main verb together
with an adverb or a preposition, or both.
A friend of mine loves sports. John loves working out every morning.
Example: You should give up smoking and take up a healthier activity.
We sometimes go to the gym together. We used to play tennis every
Saturday, but he gave up because he started feeling back pains, and his
doctor recommended taking up another sport. As a result, he has taken 4a. Match the phrasal verb to its definition.
up swimming as it is a complete sport. John's tennis racket is now mine. Work with your partner and use a dictionary
I've continued playing tennis and will be participating in the club's to help.
championship next year.
3b. Cover the text and answer the following questions. Phrasal verb Meaning
There may be more than one answer. a. work out to do something regularly, or to enjoy something.
1. Who works out every morning? _______________________________________________ b. pass out become interested or engaged in a sport or activity.
2. Who used to play tennis on Saturday? ______________________________________ c. give up to do light exercise in preparation for more intense
3. Who started having back pains? _____________________________________________ exercise later.
d. go in for exercise.
4. Who has taken up swimming? ________________________________________________
e. warm up to lose consciousness.
5. Who’s going to participate in a competition? ______________________________
f. knock out to hit somebody and make them lose consciousness.
3c. Read the text again and find the possessive pronouns. g. take up to stop doing something, to desist.
Then answer these questions.
Who does mine refer to on line 1?________________________________________________ 4b. Complete these sentences with the phrasal verbs
Who does his refer to on line 4? __________________________________________________ from the list above.
1. I like to .................................... .................................... early in the morning because
Grammar: possessive pronouns that’s when I have the most energy.
2. He didn’t finish the marathon; he .................................... .................................... around
a. Look at the example and match the correct possessive pronoun
the 20th mile.
on the right with the correct possessive adjective on the left.
I my shoes it’s ours. 3. Let’s .................................... .................................... with a short run!
You your pens they’re his. 4. The goalkeeper .................................... .................................... because of dehydration.
She her car its life.
5. He .................................... .................................... tennis at the age of 11.
He his jeans it’s hers.
It its life they’re mine.
6. I’ve never really .................................... .................................... .................................... exercising,
but I love dancing.
We our house they’re theirs.
They their bags they’re yours.
4c. Complete the text with all the phrasal verbs from
What is the difference between the two last columns? Discuss above. Use the correct tense.
with your partners.
Manuel ............................. ............................. playing football after he broke his ankle
and ............................. ............................. on the field. It was a bad accident; his
3d. Complete the sentences using possessive pronouns: opponent ............................. him .............................. He later ............................. .............................
Example: Carol has a bike. This red bike is hers. ............................. table tennis until his ankle got better. Now, he has
1. That book belongs to me. It’s __________________ ............................. ............................. going to the gym. He first ............................. .............................
2. Here are your trainers. I’m sure they are __________________ every morning for a few minutes and then ......................... ....................... for an hour.
3. Are these Javier’s golf clubs? Yes, they are __________________
4. This isn’t Samantha’s tennis racket, that one is 4d. Choose two phrasal verbs from the box and use them
to tell your partner something about you.
__________________
5. Those are not our gym clothes, these are __________________
For further practice go to page 35 For further practice go to page 35.

April 7th
April 7th is the date Functional Language: giving opinions
the World Health
Organisation was Below are some phrases to use when you want to give your
founded. Its number opinion and agree or disagree with somebody else’s opinion.
one goal is to reach - I believe… - That’s true.
universal healthcare.
- Yes, I agree (with you). - You are right.
- Yes, but I think… - Well, I suppose so.
5a. Discuss these questions with your partner. - Well, I disagree with you. - In my opinion…
- It depends on …. - I don’t think so.
•Do you prefer playing or watching sports? Write these phrases under the right heading below.
•Have you exercised lately? Giving an opinion Agreeing Disagreeing
•What do you do to keep fit?
In my opinion …
5b. Listen to five conversations about people who have

never exercised, have exercised, or used to do sports
regularly. Listen to them twice and match what they say
(a-e) according to the speaker (1-5) in the column on 6a. The following are some famous quotes
the left. related to health. Have you heard of any of
these quotes?
Speaker 1 _________ a. This person has never exercised.
Speaker 2 _________ b. This person worked out for 30 minutes every
day.
Speaker 3 _________ c. For this person, it has been essential to go
jogging every morning.
Speaker 4 _________ d. This person was in athletics competitions.
Speaker 5 _________ e. This person used to play basketball with the
university team.
5c. Ask your partner these questions.
• Have you ever taken part in a competition? If you did, when was it?
• Have you ever been part of a team? If you have, when was the last time
you participated?
Grammar: present perfect vs past simple

Look at these phrases from Speaker 4. Is he talking about life experience in
general or finished actions in the past?
6b. Do you agree or disagree with what they say? Share
1. ____ I didn´t feel I was fit enough.... I was nervous ...... I felt judged...
your opinion with a partner and use the expressions
2. ____ Trust me, everyone has felt it at some point... from the box above.
Check Grammar Reference for more information. Example: I believe that physical fitness is (not) the most important
thing to feel happy because .................. Do you agree?
Unit 2 - Lesson 5: An Apple A Day Keeps The Doctor Away
On the mend I will be able to:
1a. Look at the pictures and answer these • identify common health problems.
questions. • describe common health problems and their symptoms.
Who can you see? What are the people doing? Where are they? • give advice.
When I have a cold, my eyes water and I have a runny nose.

Last week Matilda ate too much and later had a terrible stomach
ache.
2b. Are any of these problems on your list? Add the ones
you haven´t got.
2c. Take turns to ask a partner one question about the

images. He/She/You must answer without reading the
sentences. How many can you remember?
Example: A: What´s the matter with the boy in picture 6?
B: He’s got asthma. / He has difficulty breathing.
1b. Match the phrases with the photos. Put the right
number in the box. 3a. Listen to several doctors talking about
1. taking your blood pressure 3. examining a patient health problems and giving their patients
advice on what to do. Write the health
2. helping someone in need 4. visiting an elderly home problem in the spaces (1-5) below.
1c. Make a list of the most common health problems 1.
people have. Compare your list with your partner’s list.
2.
3.
2a. Look at the images below. Then read the 4.
sentences and match them to the pictures.
5.
3b. Listen to the doctors again. This time match the

symptom(s) and advice with the problem by writing the
number above in the correct box below.
1 2 3 PROBLEM SYMPTOM(S) ADVICE
Difficulty to breathe, treatment

coughing
Not very high don’t treat
temperature
4 5 6 Difficulty swallowing take antibiotics
Jessica has a horrible cough, I think she should go to the doctor. Runny nose, sneezing wait before seeing a
When I get allergies I sneeze all the time. It's very uncomfortable. and a bit of a cough doctor
Michael has difficulty breathing when he gets asthma. Abdominal pains wash hands frequently
The other day Laurie was feeling ill and she had fever so I put her
to bed. For further practice go to page 35 and 36.
Feeling under the weather
3c. In pairs, create a conversation between a doctor and
a patient. Use the dialogue on the opposite side of the
page to help you.
3a. Read the dialogue below. What advice

does the doctor give? Compare with your
partner.
Doctor: Hello. How can I help you?
Patient: Hello, Doctor. I’ve been feeling really bad for the last couple of
days. I have a sore throat and I’ve been taking painkillers, but they don’t
seem to be working. I’ve also had a high temperature. What do you think
it is?
Doctor: It’s still too early to tell, but it looks like a bad cold. Drink plenty
of liquid and rest. You should stay at home for a couple of days in case it
is infectious. If you want to, you could take vitamin C to help build your
defences, but you shouldn’t take anything else that can hide the real
cause. If you don’t feel better in a day or two, you should come back and
see me.
Patient: Thank you, Doctor.
Grammar: giving advice Did You Know…?

Circle the correct option: According to 2017 statistics, the first three reasons why road
Should, shouldn’t and could are used to give advice/give your accidents occur in Chile is because drivers:
opinion/tell a story. a) do not pay attention to traffic conditions; b) lose control of
Should is stronger/weaker than could. their vehicle; c) have drunk too much.
Shouldn’t is used when we want to suggest that you do / do not Statistics also show that most accidents occur in the morning
do something. between 8 and 9 a.m. or in the evening between 6 and 7 p.m.
Three times more men than women have accidents and the age
Check Grammar Reference for more information. group with most accidents is between the ages of 27 and 35.
3b. What advice would you give a person who has: a 3d. Read the statistics on road accidents in Chile.
stomach ache, a leg injury, a nosebleed? Discuss with
your partner. • Why do these accidents occur?
• When do most accidents occur?
• Who has more accidents- men or women?
3e. Write some advice for Chilean drivers.
In good shape?
4e. Write three questions using the words you have just
learnt. Check they are written correctly and then ask
another partner. Write his/her answers below.
Example: Q: Have you ever broken a bone?
A: Yes, I injured my arm. I took painkillers but didn´t have a
cast.
1. Q: ___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
A: ______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4a. Talk with your partner. How often do you

2. Q: ___________________________________________________________________________________
go to the doctor? Do you often go for check-
ups? __________________________________________________________________________________________
A: _______________________________________________________________________________________
4b. Match the definitions with the right words from the
box.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Q: ___________________________________________________________________________________
cast - alcohol - plaster - painkiller - bleed - pain - injury __________________________________________________________________________________________
A: ______________________________________________________________________________________
1. …………………… a hard substance used to protect, for example,
broken bones. __________________________________________________________________________________________

2. …………………… a liquid used to disinfect an injury.
4f. Read the questions below and ask them to different
3. …………………… a strong feeling of physical discomfort, difficult to
ignore.
people in the class. Write their name if they say yes and
try to find out some extra information to write in the
4. …………………… a physical problem caused by an accident. comments box.
5. …………………… an adhesive which people normally use when they
name comment
get a cut.
1. Do you generally
6. …………………… a pill or liquid used to reduce pain. feel healthy?
7. …………………… to lose blood because of a cut, fall or injury. 2. Do you exercise
regularly?
4c. Practise the pronunciation of these words with your 3. Do you have
partner. Where do you put the stress in the word? Mark enough free time?
the stress in capital letters. 4. Do you need to
Example: PAINKIller relax more?
5. Have you ever had
an operation?
4g. Write a short paragraph of about 50 words

summarising what you found out.
Example: Mauricio exercises every day. Claudio says he needs to relax
more.
4d. How good is your memory? Student A says one of the

words and student B has to give the definition (without
reading from the list of words).
Unit 2 - Lesson 6: Traditional Or Alternative Medicine?
Just what the doctor ordered 2a. Quickly skim through the text below and
give it a title.
I will be able to:
• compare traditional and alternative health treatments and
therapies. Alternative Medicine is not the traditional way of treating a patient.
• express agreement and disagreement in the context of sports. Acupuncture is complementary medicine in which needles are inserted
• understand written texts related to health and sports. into the skin and is used in the treatment of various physical and mental
conditions. We also have herbalism and naturopathy that care for the
1a. Look at the pictures and match them with body, soul and spirit of the patient. All of these are now practised in
the words/phrases (A-F). Write the letters in over 60 countries. Meditation and mindfulness exercises have been an
the boxes. important part of Alternative Medicine from the beginning.
Many drug preparations used in alternative medicine are similar to those
used in homeopathy and include special diets, herbal preparations,
special teas and magnet therapy. In some countries, people with cancer
are sometimes prescribed remedies made from plants.
Adapted from https://medicinenet.com
2b. Share the title you have given the article with a
partner. Are the titles similar? What are your opinions
related to this article?
2c. Read the text again and decide if the sentences below
are true (T), false (F) or if the text doesn't say (DS).
1.__________ alternative medicine is a traditional form of medicine.

2.__________ this kind of medicine uses only homeopathy to treat patients.
3.__________ it is only used for colds and allergies.
4.__________ it treats the person as a whole.
5.__________ it doesn’t pay attention to the person’s emotions and feelings.
A. Acupuncture D.Reiki healing treatment 6.__________ the professionals have never studied medicine to treat their
B.Reflexology massage E. Healing herbs patients.
C. Magnet therapy F. Chiropractic treatment 7.__________ this kind of medicine doesn’t operate on patients.
1b. Match the type of alternative medicine (A-F) with the 2d. Would you like to try any of these treatments? Why?
method it uses. Why not? Share comments with your classmates.
_________ magnets _________ massages _________ hands and feet 2e. Discuss the information with your partner and
needles plants energy and hands write two advantages and two disadvantages of using
alternative or complementary medicine.
_________ _________ _________
Pronunciation: alternative medicine Advantages Disadvantages

a. How many syllables do the words below have?
acupuncture - reflexology - therapy -chiropractic - healing
needles - physiotherapy - medicinal - naturopathy - homeopathy
b. Which are the stressed syllables? Underline them.
c. Practise their pronunciation with your classmates and the
teacher.
Laugh your head off
3c. Compare your answer with your partner. Explain why
you have chosen that title.
3d. Answer these questions with a partner.
According to the article:
• How can laughter improve our health?
• Do children and adults laugh many times a day?
3a. Talk with your classmates about laughter. • Do you agree or disagree with these statements? Why? Why not?
3e. Look at these English jokes. Do you think they are
• When was the last time you laughed a lot? funny? Do they make you laugh?
• Do you like telling or listening to jokes?
• Do you watch comedies or funny programmes on TV?
Example: A good joke makes me laugh my head off.
3b. Read this article about laughter and choose the best
title for it.
a. Why adults should laugh more
b. The physical and emotional benefits of laughter
c. Laughter: the best medicine
d. Make people laugh and they will feel better
Sure, it’s fun to share a good laugh. But did you know it can actually
improve your health? Laughter brings people together in ways that
activate healthy physical and emotional changes in the body. It makes
your immune system stronger, lifts your mood, reduces pain, and
protects you from the negative effects of stress. When we were children ,
we used to laugh hundreds of times a day, but adult life is usually more
serious and laughter less frequent. By looking for more opportunities
for humour and laughter, you can improve your emotional health, make
your relationships stronger, find greater happiness—and even add years
to your life.
Laughter is a powerful antidote to stress, pain, and conflict. Nothing
works faster to bring your mind and body back into balance than a
good laugh. Humour makes your anxieties feel lighter, inspires hope,
connects you to others, and keeps you focused and alert. It also helps
you to free your anger and be more forgiving.
With so much power to heal and renew, the ability to laugh easily and
frequently is a tremendous resource for supporting both physical and
emotional health. Best of all, this priceless medicine is fun, free, and
easy to use.
Adapted from https://www.helpguide.org/articles/mental-health/laughter-is-the-best-
medicine.htm
Not for the fainthearted!
4c. Look at the picture below. What’s this sport called?
4a. Match the name of each object with the
What equipment do you need?
correct image below.
1. goggles - 2. wetsuit - 3. inflatable raft - 4. rope

5. oars - 6. life jacket
4b. What do you know about extreme sports? Match the 4d. Listen to Tim and Jane talking about skydiving and
extreme sports (A-F) to the correct pictures below and BASE jumping. What is the difference between them?
then decide which equipment (1-6) is needed for each
one. 4e. Listen again, and answer the following questions.
A. Surfing 1. _____________ a board, a helmet, warm clothes
a. What equipment do you need to do BASE jumping? _____________________
B. Skydiving 2. _____________ a rope, rubber shoes, a helmet
__________________________________________________________________________________________
C. Abseiling 3. _____________ a glider, a harness, a helmet, a suit
b. What does BASE stand for? __________________________________________________
D. Rafting A
4. _____________ a board and a wetsuit
__________________________________________________________________________________________
E. Snowboarding 5. _____________ an inflatable raft, oars, a helmet, a
c. How long does the fall last? __________________________________________________
life jacket
__________________________________________________________________________________________
F. Paragliding 6. _____________ a parachute, goggles, a suit, a helmet
and a plane 4f. Discuss the questions below with your classmates.
• Has anyone ever done BASE jumping? Why? Why not?
• Has anyone ever done an extreme sport?
5. Look at the list of sports below and arrange.

them from the most dangerous (1) to the least
dangerous (16). Use some of the expressions
from page 26 to discuss and decide.
Example: A: I believe whitewater rafting is the most dangerous sport.

What do you think?
B: I disagree with you; I think helicopter skiing is more
dangerous.
______ car racing ______ running ______ squash ______ tennis

______ football ______ boxing ______ helicopter skiing
______ swimming ______ rugby ______ whitewater rafting
______ basketball ______ horse riding ______ gymnastics
______ cycling ______ rowing ______ rock climbing
1a. Here are some pictures suggesting ways to keep healthy. Talk with your partner about how important you find
each of these aspects, and then agree on three that you would both recommend to another classmate. Here are
some ideas to help you.
Yes, I agree. - Yes, but I think … - Well, I disagree with you. - You’re right. - What about …? - Well, I suppose … It depends on …
I don't think so. - Do you agree? - Personally, I believe … - That's true. - In my opinion …
3a. You are going to try to convince your partner that

1b. Share your ideas with the rest of the class and decide both laughter and alternative medicine are the best
which are the most important aspects to maintain a solution to their health problem. Talk to each other and
healthy lifestyle. Say why. Write your summary here in make sure you include the following in the conversation:
about 30 words.
• advice
• past experiences and/or habits related to alternative medicine
Start like this:
A: Hi! How are you?
B: Not so good, I am feeling really sick.
A: Oh no, what’s the matter?
2a. Look at the photos below and write the number of

the respective sport in each box.
1. snorkelling - 2. ice hockey - 3. cricket - 4. golf - 5. enduro - 6. boxing
2b. Discuss the different sports with your partner.

Consider:
• the effect it has on your health.
• how much fun they are.
• how popular they are.
• how difficult they are to do.
Unit 2 - Communication 33
1a. Briefly talk to your partner about what you know 2a. Do you know Niki Lauda and Michael Schumacher?
about the common cold. Who are they? What do they have in common?
1b. Then read the text and answer the questions below. 2b. Look at the photo below and predict what the story
is about.
The common cold is a viral infection of the respiratory system. Colds
can be transmitted in different ways: when a person coughs, sneezes,
or speaks, through direct contact (touching and kissing) and through
objects (doors, telephones, toys) that are contaminated with the virus.
Symptoms include congestion, a runny nose, sneezing, and a headache.
Symptoms disappear after two weeks.
a. How do you get the common cold?
b. Complete the following table with the symptoms of the virus.

Virus Symptoms 2c. Now read in detail and answer the questions below.
common cold 1. Who is Billy Monger?
2. How old was he when the accident happened?
3. What happened to him?
c. A cold lasts: 4. Did he give up racing?
1. 3 days 5. What can you learn from his experience?
2. less than a week
Billy Monger, a Formula 3 driver who lost both legs in an accident
3. two weeks
d. What do you do when you get the common cold? Last year Billy Monger was dreaming of competing in Formula 1. But
two weeks before his 18th birthday, he had an accident while racing in
Formula 4 at Donnington Park.
Even after losing both legs at the age of 17, Billy still says he was
"lucky". "I’m just glad to have got this second opportunity to race
again", he says.
1c. Look at the health problems below. Compare them
"I could easily not be here", he tells Newsbeat. It could have been a
in terms of seriousness and time to recover. Discuss with tragic accident. Billy was in a coma for three days and doctors decided
a partner and then write down some recommendations. to remove both of Billy’s legs below the knee.
"Now I can make a difference to prove that even after something like
Allergies: _____________________________________________________________________________
that you can still go on to achieve good things", he says.
__________________________________________________________________________________________ His aim is still to become a Formula 1 driver, even without his two legs.
"This accident has taught me that if there’s something I want to achieve,
__________________________________________________________________________________________ life isn’t going to wait around for me to figure out when I’m ready to do
it".
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-43079300
A broken arm: _______________________________________________________________________
3. Talk with your partner about sports you used to do.
__________________________________________________________________________________________ Why did you stop doing them? Write notes about what
your partner says below.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Bronchitis: ___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
34 Unit 2 - Consolidation
Unit 2 - Grammar and Vocabulary Worksheets
1. Complete the questions with the correct possessive 7. Where ……………..........................…………….. (Jim/go) last weekend.
pronouns. 8. A: ……………………….....……………………. (you / go) to Machu Picchu?
1. These are your father's bags. I'm sure they are ...................... B: I ……….…………………………. (go) a long time ago as a backpacker.
a. my b. your c. hers d. his 4. Complete the gaps with the verbs in past simple or
2. Please give me my pills. Look, on the table over there. Those are ........ present perfect.
a. my b. mine c. he d. ours has been
Writer Kevin Johnson …..............…….. (1- be) interested in stories since
3. That's Helena's computer. I know it's ............... because it's small. he …………………… (2 - be) a small child. He ………………… (3 - write) his
a. yours b. hers c. our d. theirs first story when he …………………………. (4 - be) just nine years old. He
4. José and Camila have bought a house. ……….. is bigger than mine. is now almost forty-five and he ………………………… (5 - write) hundreds
a. Mine b. Yours c. Its d. Theirs of stories and ………………………….. (6 - publish) more than 10 books.
5. Your tour starts at midday ...................... is later; at 2 p.m. Kevin loves travelling. His work …………………………. (7 - take) him all
a. my b. yours c. our d. theirs over the world. He ……………………………… (8 - be) to many different
6. I like my videos and she likes .......................... countries doing his research. He writes about people living in cities.
a. she b. your c. hers d. its Last year, for the first time, he ……………………………….. (9 - visit) Chile.
7. A friend of .......................... is coming tomorrow to visit me. He ……………………….. (10 - spend) three weeks in Santiago and
a. mine b. your c. our d. their ………………………… (11 - go) back to England last month with many
4. Complete the sentences with the following phrasal

ideas for his new book.
verbs: 5a. Complete the puzzle with these words related to
sports, as shown in the example below.
go in for / take up / work out / warm up / give up
1. First thing in the morning I go to the gym. The first 10 minutes I basketball - fishing - hockey - golf - cycling - football - karate
gymnastics - soccer - rafting
..................... ..................... (1) and then I ................. ................. (2)
on the machines for 45 minutes.
2. This is what I do every morning from Monday to Friday and now I’m
thinking I may ..................... ..................... (3) this energetic routine.
3. I want to ..................... ..................... ..................... (4) an activity
that keeps me healthy and will help to manage my work stress, so
maybe I’ll ........... .......... ..................... (5) yoga.
3. Fill in the gaps below using either the past simple or

present perfect form. Use the verbs in brackets.
have lived
Example: I ........................................... (live) in Santiago for two years.
1. The sun ……………......……. (rise) at 7.05 this morning. I think autumn
is coming. 7b. Now choose one of these sports and write a short
paragraph explaining how to play or do it. Mention
2. Where ……...................................……….. (be) you when I called you? where you play or do it, when, and who with.
3. There you are! Where …………………................................(be) all day?
4. Jason ……………...........................……………… (buy) a bike last week.
5. It …………............…………………… (be) a long time since it last rained.
6. I ……………............…………………. (sleep) five hours last night, and I
still feel tired.

5a. Read part of a dialogue between a patient and a 2a. Match the problems with the most appropriate piece
doctor and fill in the spaces with the most suitable words of advice.
(A-D)
A. Problems: B. Advice:
AT THE DOCTOR’S 1. a headache take cough drops
2. a cough drink lots of liquids
in
Doctor: Good afternoon. Come …............................… (1), please.
3. a sore throat see the doctor
Patient: Thank you. Doctor, I decided to make an …................. (2) 4. a backache use ear drops
because yesterday I had a …............................… (3) headache and a 5. a fever stay in bed and rest
rash all over my body after taking the pills for my stomach ache. 6. insomnia take some aspirin
Doctor: Did I write out the …............................… (4) ? 7. an earache take some vitamin C
Patient: Yes, when I came …............................… (5) Thursday, here it is. 8. a cold take tablets
Doctor: These pills are very …............................… (6). They can produce
7b. Choose three problems mentioned in exercise 7a.
symptoms such as nausea and headache if you’re allergic. Let me check and write out the correct piece of advice.
your blood …............................… (7) and your ….................… (8) Example: A: I have a headache.
B: You should (could, shouldn’t) take an aspirin and rest.
Please put this thermometer under your arm.
(After a minute)
Doctor: Your temperature is in the normal range but your blood pressure
is very …............................… (9). How many pills have you already
taken? 8a. Find the eight words in the box that are connected
Patient: I have taken four pills. to health problems and treatment in the word search
below.
Doctor: So you are a …............................… (10) allergic. We’ll have to
(up down across and diagonally )
test you. I’ll change your medicine immediately.
Patient: Thank you, Doctor ... cast - cold - pain - asthma - pills - earache - bandage - virus
1 A on B in C back D round
Z P C Y U W U E B
2 A meeting B reception C event D appointment
A I A O N F G A E
3 A awful B badly C terrible D worse
M L S Z L O N R V
4 A recipe B receipt C prescription D bill
5 A next B the C last D at
H L T P X D X A I
6 A weak B strong C hard D overdue T S F H A B D C R
7 A press B rate C level D pressure S W X G O I P H U
8 A fever B temperature C press D centigrade A T E A C T N E S
9 A high C higher D highest
8b. Use three of these words in sentences.
B height
10 A low B little C less D least
Example: Last week I had a stomach virus; I couldn’t eat anything and
5b. What is going to happen? Will the patient recover?
I could only drink water.
Write your prediction here:

1.
2.
3.
1. Your friend Pilar has back problems and is under 2b. Write your notes here to prepare for the debate.
stress. Write an email to her of about 60-70 words giving
her some advice, and suggesting she visits an alternative
medicine centre you can recommend. Explain about the
treatment, where the centre is and how she can make an
appointment.
2c. Now start your debate with your partner. Make sure
to use the language you learnt to express your opinion,
agree and disagree.
3. Write a paragraph about the sports you would like to

play / do or a healthy activity you could do in the area
where you live/ work/ study. Use the question words to
help you.
Which sport /healthy activity? - where? - when? - how often? - who
2a. You and your partner are going to prepare a debate. with? - why is it healthy? – what skill does it develop?
Here are your roleplay cards:
Benefits of... Disadvantages of...
A – you are a believer in B – you are a believer in
alternative medicine and it has traditional medicine. You used
always worked for you. To prepare to be very sick and the pills you
for your debate, write down took made you better. To prepare
some key benefits of alternative for your debate, write down
medicine, and the disadvantages some key benefits of traditional
of traditional medicine. Make medicine, and the disadvantages
sure you also give advice, of alternative medicine. Make
describe your history and use any sure you also give advice,
vocabulary in this unit you think describe your history and use
is appropriate. any vocabulary in this unit you
think is appropriate.
Check Unit 2
I can …
1. … talk about sports and outdoor activities. Express agreement and disagreement.
2. … talk about health, stress and how to avoid it.
3. … understand written texts related to sports and health.
4. … identify common health problems.
5. … describe common health problems and their symptoms.
6. … give advice.
7. … compare traditional and alternative health methods and therapies.
Unit 2- Test Yourself 37

Notes
38
Notes
39
3
Unit
Unit 3: LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
OBJECTIVES
• talk about and use specific vocabulary related to body language.
• revise and reuse different tenses in the past, present and future.
• report what people say.
• express purpose, cause and result.
• understand and comment on different ways of communicating.
40 Unit 3
Unit 3 - Lesson 7: More Than Words
Expression is the essence of thought 1e. Look at the people in the pictures below. How are
they feeling? How do you know?
I will be able to:
• describe feelings
• understand and describe messages through body language.
• describe present and past experiences.
2a. Read the text below and complete the
1a. With your partner, look at the pictures on sentence:
page 40 and make a list of words to describe
how the people are feeling. Body language is made up by ……………………. and ……....………………..
People cannot live without each other; we are social beings. As soon as
1b. Look at these descriptions of some of the pictures we are in contact with others we are communicating. 1. ……. This non-
on page 40. verbal communication, which tells us something about the relationship
The couple seem to be very happy, because they are expecting a baby. between people, is called body language.
The people at the office look relaxed. They seem to be having a break. Usually body language occurs unconsciously, yet the body language
we use decides to a large extent the quality of our communication.
For instance, if we do not like someone it is often difficult to say that
directly to the person. However, we can make it clear either intentionally
Functional Language: look and seem for descriptions or unintentionally through our gestures or facial expressions. 2. …….
This can be very confusing for the receiver. This is usually described as
When we describe someone or something from our own
‘giving out double messages’ - one message in words and an opposite
perspective, we can use look and seem instead of ‘I think…’.
message in body language. Research has shown that most people pay
Example: I think the couple are happy.
The couple seem to be happy. more attention to their impression of how a person acts through body
I think the people at the office are relaxed. language rather than through their words.
The people at the office look relaxed. It is important to note that body language has different meanings in
NOTE: different cultures. 3. ….. .
Seem(s) + verb phrase The image of ourselves we create for others is decided only for a small
Look(s) + adjective or adverb part by the words we use. 4. …….
http://www.lichaamstaal.com/english/ 29 – 01- 2020
1c. Go back to the pictures on page 40 and describe
2b. Some sentences have been taken from the text. Read
them in detail using the expressions you have learnt.
it again, and write the letter of the correct sentence (a –
What are the people doing? How are they feeling?
d) that goes in each blank of the text (1 – 4).
1d. Complete the following sentences with look or seem a. This means that there is no one signal that has the same meaning all
in the appropriate form. over the world.
1. Jeremy ............................ exhausted; he says he's working too much. b. To give a good impression, say at a job interview, it is important that
we know and – to a certain extent, control – our body language.
2. My Mum ............................. so beautiful with her new hairdo.
c. However, we not only communicate through spoken and written
3. He ………………… very elegant. He ……………………… to be spending language, but we can also communicate through gestures and facial
expressions.
lots of money on clothes.
d. We may express that we are not angry through words, but our body
4. The climate ………………………………… to be changing all over the language may be saying loud and clear that we are.
world.
5. She ……………............……… very much like her sister, but they don't 2c. Discuss these questions with your partner.
…………………..............................……… to have the same personality. What gestures or facial expressions do you usually use? What do they
For further practice go to page 52 mean?
Body talk
3a. Match the expressions in the box with the Grammar: revision of verb tenses
correct pictures (1-6).
Match the tense with the definition and example.
_____ standing with arms crossed _____ leaning back Example Tense Function
_____ sitting with crossed legs _____ tilting your head
_____ making annoying movements _____ relaxing your shoulders I moved my hands too Present Continuous a. This refers to a present action
much. or state.
I think he will make eye Past Continuous b. This refers to an action in
contact at least. progress in the present.
He was making annoying Future 'will' c. This refers to a past action
noises all day. or state.
I am going to sit Present simple d. This refers to an action in
1 2 3 appropriately in the progress in the past.
interview tomorrow.
I like your smile. Future ‘going to’ e. This refers to a prediction
based on your feelings.
Are you relaxing your Past simple f. This refers to a plan
shoulders?
4 5 6
3b. Complete the sentences so that they are true for you.
Use the expressions above to help you. Then compare
4a. Choose and circle the correct form of the
with your partner to see if you do similar things in these
verbs in italics to complete the text about a
situations.
strange interview.
1. When I feel nervous , I ___________________________________________________________
2. When I feel confident , I _________________________________________________________ Last month I (1) went / go to a
job interview and the receptionist
3. When I am not interested in something, I ___________________________________ (2) was/ was being confused and
4. When I feel enthusiastic, I ______________________________________________________ sent me into a completely different
interview - one I was completely
3c. Listen to a coach telling us how to prepare for an unqualified for. I (3) applied / was
interview on a radio programme. Tick (√) the tips she applying for a desk job and the
mentions. interview turned out to be for some
sort of in-studio camera job. They
1. ____ Be careful how you cross your legs. asked me questions I didn’t even comprehend. They were very polite
2. ____ Wear appropriate clothes. when I kept answering "I don’t know" to all of their questions. It wasn’t
until a few days later that I realised I’d just been in the wrong interview. I
3. ____ Relax your shoulders. (4) still feel / am still feeling stupid when I think about it. I (5) am going
4. ____ Don’t wear glasses. to / will apply for another job next month and I hope to get one this time.
I think I (6) will / am going to get it because I have more experience in
5. ____ Sit appropriately. interviews. I (7) am actually preparing / actually prepare one for next
6. ____ Don’t play with things in your hands. month.
7. ____ Check where your hands are. 4b. With your partner, think about how your body
8. ____ Avoid wearing make-up. language should be during a job interview. What would
you recommend? Use the words learnt in 3. to help you.
3d. Discuss these tips with your partner and decide which Write your advice below (use should and could). Give at
three are the most important for you. Why? least three tips.
1.
2.
3.
For further practice go to page 53. For further practice go to page 52.
Wearing your heart on your sleeve
5a. Look at the situations below. What 5c. Talk to your partner about these gestures. Do they
gestures and body language are they using? mean the same in your country? Are there any special
Do you use the same ones? How important is gestures in your culture?
body language in these situations? • In which situations are the gestures in 5b. usually used? Do you
usually use any of these gestures? When do you use them?
Example: Body language is important in court because the situation is
very formal. Example: I usually use the gesture in picture 1 when my son does his homework.
6a. You are going to listen to a couple talking

to a marriage counsellor about a problem
they have had. Below there are two pictures,
one before and the other after they talked to
When someone is in When someone is on When a parent is the counsellor.
court. a romantic date. talking to a child who
a. Discuss the gestures and body language they are using in each picture
did something wrong.
and how they are feeling.
b. Guess what has happened or is happening in the second picture.
Did You Know…?
A gesture is a movement of the hands, arms, or head, etc. to
express an idea or feeling. Hand gestures, in particular, mean
different things in different places and getting them wrong can
cause offence, embarrassment or worse.
5b. What do the following gestures mean? Match the

image to the correct answer a., b. or c. Compare your
answers with your partner to check if you have the same
results. 6b. Listen and see if your predictions were correct.
a. satisfaction 6c. Listen again, and then complete the text.
b. disagreement Tom and Sarah wanted to ........................................................(1). The
c. happiness
1 problem is that they were not sure about ...........................................
a. bad luck .............(2). Sarah wanted to buy .............................(3), but Tom was
b. good luck thinking of ........................................................(4). Yesterday they
2
c. please wait
were ........................................................(5) but now they are ..........
a. peace ..............................................(6). To solve the problem, they decided
b. hello to buy ........................................................(7). Will this decision make
3
c. goodbye
them happy?
a. I don’t understand
b. I don’t care Functional Language: agreeing and disagreeing
4 c. I don’t agree
I completely agree. You're absolutely right.
a. keep quiet I cannot agree with that. I see your point.
b. sit down I see it differently. I strongly disagree.
5 c. come over
6d. Work with your partner and give your opinions on
a. approval these statements.
b. agreement
c. both Cars should (not) be allowed in the centre of the city.
6 Schools should (not) be mixed.
Unit 3 - Lesson 8: The Sounds Of Silence
Sign Language
I will be able to:
• recognise vocabulary related to inclusion.

• report what people say.
• describe different types of conversations.
1d. Read the text again and answer the questions below.
1. When did Susana first work with hearing-impaired children?
2. Was it easy for her to accept the challenge?

1a. Describe the following picture and answer
the following questions:
3. Was this experience positive? Why?
• Who are they?
• Where are they?
• What is special about this conversation? 4. Where does she work now?
1b. How are these words and phrases related to the
picture?
hearing-impaired students - translate - sign language Did You Know…?

Four interesting facts about Sign Language
1c. What does BSL stand for? Read the text and discuss
with your partner. 1. There are different sign languages in different countries.
2. After English and Spanish, American Sign Language is the third
Susana Lang talks about her experience of working with
hearing-impaired students. most used language in the United States.
3. Babies can communicate using sign language 6-8 months before
I believe that every child has the right to be treated equally and to
communicating verbally.
receive the same quality of education as everyone else. I have worked
with children from a variety of ethnic and religious backgrounds, and 4. One sign in sign language can have multiple meanings.
with children with varying educational needs and abilities. I constantly
adapt my teaching style, learning environment and activities to suit 1e. Write two questions to ask your partner about the
every child in my class. text.
Two years ago, I got a phone call and was asked to cover a class for three
months in a school with a unit for hearing-impaired children. My head Example: What does Susana believe about children?
was full of questions – What would this unit look like? Can deaf children
speak? How do I teach a class of mixed hearing and deaf children at the
same time? But these aspects were not a problem in this school. Every
child in the class had one assistant who could communicate everything
to the child. That was fantastic!
The experience I had at the school with both hearing-impaired children
and children who could hear inspired me to learn British Sign Language. 1f. Talk with your partner. Use these questions to guide
I signed myself up to evening classes and achieved my Level 1 and 2 you.
BSL. I'm very proud. I am more aware of the challenges faced by deaf
children and adults and I enjoy attending singing clubs with my friends. • Do you know anybody who is hearing-impaired?
I went on to work with hearing-impaired children in a primary school and • Have you ever learned sign language? If not, would you like to learn?
I have spent two years teaching them literacy and numeracy, translating Why? Why not?
for them in assemblies and working 1:1 with each child in their own • Do you agree that all TV programmes, films, videos, etc. should be
class. translated into sign language?
What did they say?
2a. During her course, Susana interviewed a Grammar: reported speech
BSL specialist. Listen and choose the three
main reasons why we should learn sign Look at the sentences below. Which one is direct speech and which
language, according to the doctor. one is reported speech?
a) ‘People who hear can understand additional cultural aspects of
humanitarian reasons - physical reasons - intellectual reasons hearing-impaired culture’ , the doctor said.
cultural reasons - professional reasons
b) The doctor said that people who hear could understand additional
cultural aspects of hearing-impaired culture.
What are the differences in form between the two sentences?
Now complete the rules about reported speech using the words in
the box below.
We use reported speech when we tell someone what someone else
said. We usually use a reporting verb ........................................ and
then change the tense of what was actually said in direct speech.
The man said he wanted to buy a new car.
What the man actually said is: ‘I want to buy a new car.’
(direct speech)
Verbs in the present simple change to the ........................................
The present continuous changes to the ..............................................
Can changes to .................................................................................
Will changes to .................................................................................
• He said he would have lunch with his sister.
1. The doctor said that 'I'll have lunch with my sister.' direct speech
a. you could meet deaf people anywhere. • She said she was studying.
'I'm studying hard.' direct speech
b. there were more deaf people in schools. • They said they could do it.
c. it was obligatory in some jobs. 'We can do it.' direct speech
2. The doctor said that deaf people past simple - could - (say, tell, ask, etc) - past continuous - would
a. preferred using BSL at all times. Check Grammar Reference for more information.
b. didn’t like people who didn’t know anything about BSL.
c. thought it was very considerate of people with standard hearing to 2d. Re-write these sentences using reported speech, as
learn sign language.
in the example:
3. The doctor said that learning sign language
Example: ‘I travel by bus every day.’
a. improved how your brain works. He told me/ said (that) he travelled by bus every day.
b. improved your health in general.
c. improved communication skills. 1. Mathew said: ‘I want to play football.’
4. The doctor said that employers Mathew said _________________________________________________________________________
a. preferred people who could use BSL. 2. ‘I’m waiting for my bus to come.’
b. liked people who could use BSL.
c. were forced to work with people who could use BSL. She said ______________________________________________________________________________
5. The doctor said that people with standard hearing could 3. ‘The traffic is really bad today.’
a. understand their language in a better way. He said ________________________________________________________________________________
b. understand additional cultural aspects of people who have hearing
4. ‘You can use my tablet.’
impairments.
c. get better jobs. She told James ______________________________________________________________________
2c. What did the doctor actually say? Read the audio 5. 'We will call you tomorrow'
script on page129 and find the verbs in bold that They said _____________________________________________________________________________
correspond to the answers (1-5). Why are they different?
Where there is smoke there is fire.
3a. Ask your partner about an interesting ............................................................................................................
conversation they had recently with someone.
They must tell you about the conversation 4. Any good conversationalist possesses three qualities: curiosity, a
using reported speech. sense of humour, and a touch of audacity.
Example: The other day I spoke to my cousin. She said she wanted to 3e. Speak with a partner.
change her computer and she told me she was comparing
prices. • Do you agree or disagree with these statements? Which ones? Why?
• Are you a good conversationalist? Do you have the three qualities
they mention in statement 4.?
4a. Listen to Samantha, a psychologist, telling

3b. Talk to your classmates about the type of conversations
us about our talking habits and answer the
you usually have. Use the questions to guide you.
question.
• Do you have serious or fun conversations? When?
• Do you ever gossip? What do you talk about? Who do we talk about all the time? ______________________________________________
4b. Listen again and answer the following questions.
1. Why do we talk? __________________________________________________________________
2. Why do we talk about ourselves? _____________________________________________

3. Who talk more, men or women? _______________________________________________
4. What does she recommend we do during our next conversation? _____
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4c. According to what people say in activity 3d. and 4a.

discuss with your classmates.
3c. Read the paragraphs below and then match the titles
to each paragraph.
Who said what? Does the information coincide?
• Most of men’s talk is about themselves. Example: In 1. Nicholas said that we talk about other people but
• The best qualities of a good conversationalist. Samantha said .................................
• Most of our talk is gossip.
• The most helpful mental exercise is conversation. 5a. Ask your classmates to answer the
questions below on a scale from 1 to 3 and
FOUR FUN FACTS ABOUT CONVERSATION complete the table.
............................................................................................................ 1: never 2: sometimes 3: always
1. According to social psychologist Nicholas Emler of the London How often to you talk about ....... ?
School of Economics, more than 80% of all conversation is about
other people. In other words, it’s gossip.
a. ... yourself
............................................................................................................ b. ... family or friends
2. Men and women speak about an equal amount in conversation ... but c. ... bosses or colleagues
men spend two-thirds of the time talking about themselves. d. ... work or study
............................................................................................................ e. ... travelling or holidays
3.The famous essayist Michel de Montaigne said, in his piece 'On the f. ... free time activities
Art of Conversation': ‘The most natural and effective exercise of the 5b. Talk with your classmates and compare information.
mind is conversation’.
Unit 3 - Lesson 9: Give Me A Reason
Words are never enough
I will be able to:
• express purpose.
• express the relationship between cause and effect.
• learn and use correctly well known proverbs in English.
4. LOL. If you type "LOL" or "lol", you’re not literally "laughing

out loud". It sounds simple, but this is part of a radical change
in language. For the first time in history, we’re conducting
conversations through written words.
5. Meh. Apparently first recorded in a 1995 episode of The Simpsons,
some theories say that Meh comes from the Yiddish term mnyeh.
1a. Read the following definition:

The term is used to show that you are not interested in someone or
something or do not care about him, her, or it.
6. Geek. "Geek" arrived in English from Low German, in which a
Neologisms: words or phrases invented to describe new things. geck meant a crazy person. By the 1980s it had become a common
Examples: 404, spam, app, BFF. label for socially impaired children obsessed with new technological
Do you know these? Can you think of three more in English or Spanish? devices.
Example 1 1d. Read the statements below, then read the text again
Example 2 for more detail. Now choose and circle the correct
answer: Yes, No, or DS (doesn’t say).
Example 3
1. Neal Stephenson first used the term Yes No DS
1b. Look at the following Internet-related neologisms avatar to promote a computer game.
and discuss their meaning with your partner.
2. The current meaning of the term trolling is Yes No DS
Example: I think an avatar is a kind of identity you use on the Internet.
similar to its original meaning.
avatar - hashtag - trolling - memes - spam - LOL - meh - geek 3. The term meme was created because it is Yes No DS
similar to the term ‘gene’.
1c. Read this article and check if the meanings you
discussed in 1b. were correct. 4. The term LOL was created because the Yes No DS
digital world is changing our language.
The 6 best words the Internet has given English 5. The term Meh is used to refer to something Yes No DS
Check the most interesting neologisms from the digital world. which is not important.
1. Avatar. This word for our digital incarnations comes from the
6. They use the term geek in Internet-related Yes No DS
Sanskrit term avatara which describes the descent of a god from
the heavens. Neal Stephenson’s 1992 novel Snow Crash first
areas because it is similar to its original
popularised it in a technological sense to refer to a character or meaning.
creature that you create to represent yourself in a computer game.
2. Trolling. This term comes from the Old French verb troller, 1e. Talk with your classmates. Did you know all these
meaning to wander around hunting. Nowadays, the term refers to neologisms? Which of these neologisms do you use?
the act of leaving an insulting message on the Internet to make When and where do you use them? Can you think of
someone angry. other neologisms you use?
3. Meme. Richard Dawkins created the term "meme" in his 1976
book The Selfish Gene as a shortening of the Greek term mimeme Write two new neologisms you remember or have heard. Find out what
(an imitated thing). He designed his new word to sound like "gene", they mean and their origin.
signifying a unit of cultural transmission. Nowadays, the term is
used to refer to an idea, image, or video that is spread very quickly 1.
on the Internet.
2.
Serving a purpose
2e. Check them with your partner and correct them if
2a. Ask your partner the questions below. necessary. Then share one of your sentences with three
other classmates.
• Do you prefer traditional board games or video games? Why? 2f. Make complete sentences by matching the correct
• Do you read digital books or paper ones? Why? endings in Column B to the appropriate beginnings in
Column A.
• Do you prefer to pay by card or in cash? Why?
Column A Column B
Functional Language: cause and effect
1. I use the Internet a. to keep fit.
Look at the example sentences below: 2. I had to go to the bank this b. to ask for advice.
I prefer board games because I can interact with people morning c. to find out about the news.
face-to-face.
I’m afraid of carrying cash, so I prefer to pay by card. 3. We are saving some money d. to travel abroad next summer.
Now choose the correct option in the rule below: 4. She’s called me e. to save for his pension in the
In English, you use because / so to refer to a cause, and because / so to 5. I try to eat healthy food future.
refer to an effect. 6. He’s working hard now f. to get some money.
2b. Match the first parts of sentences in column A with

the appropriate second parts in column B to make one Functional Language: purpose
sentence. a. Look at the sentences above. Which word do we use to
express purpose (why we do something) in each sentence?
Column A Column B
___________________
1. He couldn’t download a. because I wanted everyone to know b. Look at the formal expressions below to express the same
the file my opinion. idea:
2. I can’t get to sleep b. so I always ask her to call me. I use the Internet so as to find out about the news.
3. He didn’t like memes c. so he connected to the Internet to I use the Internet in order to find out about the news.
download it.
I try to eat healthy food so as to keep fit.
4. I can't understand her d. because I had two cups of coffee. I try to eat healthy food so as not to get ill.
messages I try to eat healthy food in order to keep fit.
5. I decided to tweet that e. because he could never
understand them. c. Now change the sentences in 2f. to express purpose in a
formal way.
2c. Ask and answer these questions with your partner. 2g. Discuss the questions below with your partner. Use
Use because to give your reasons. expressions of purpose.
• Do you prefer a mobile phone or a laptop? Why? • Why did you last go to a shopping centre?
• Do you prefer Facebook or Instagram? Why? • Why did you last go to a hospital?
• Do you prefer text messaging or Whatsapp? Why?
2h. Choose a question from above. Write a text of about
50 words on page 55. Use the model in the example
• Do you prefer online shopping or going to the shops?
below.
2d. Choose three questions from the above list and write
your answer using the word so. Example:
CONTEXT I needed to buy a present ...
Example: I prefer using my Whatsapp so I don’t phone very often. REASON because it was my brother’s birthday.
EFFECT So I went to a small shopping centre near my house…
PURPOSE to buy a book for him.
1. RESOLUTION There was a special sale so I could buy a book for him and
one for me.
2.
3. 2i. Read your text to a partner.
For further practice go to page 121. For further practice go to page 53.
I’m just saying ...
3a. Look at the signs below and discuss these they contain. The use of red on signs is limited to stop, yield,
questions with a partner: What are they? and prohibition signs. A white background indicates a
Where can you find them? regulatory sign. Yellow conveys a general warning message.
Green shows permitted traffic movements or directional
guidance. Fluorescent yellow/green indicates pedestrian
crossings and school zones. Orange is used for warning and
guidance in roadway work zones. Coral is used for incident
management signs. Blue indicates road user services, tourist
information, and evacuation routes. Finally, brown is for
guidance to sites of public recreation or cultural interest.
Sign shape can also alert roadway users to the type of
information displayed on a sign. Traffic regulations are
conveyed in signs that are rectangular (where the vertical
side is longer) or square. Additional regulatory signs are
octagons for stop and inverted triangles for yield. Diamond-
shaped signs signify warnings. Rectangular signs where
the horizontal side is longer provide guidance information.
Pentagons indicate school zones. A circular sign warns
of a railroad crossing. The illustration below shows how
the shape and colour of a sign indicate the nature of the
message.
3b. Look at the words for shapes below and match them
to the signs they describe above. Some can be used
more than once. 3d. Read the text again and match the words in bold
with their most suitable translation on the right. Write
rectangle - square - octagon - triangle the number next to the translation.
diamond - pentagon - circle 1. convey ____________ eficiencia
2. overcome ____________ advertir
Pronunciation: word stress 3. throughout ____________ comunicar
Pronounce the words for shapes. What do they have in 4. safety ____________ ceder
common?
5. efficiency ____________ medios
Unfortunately there is no rule about which syllable is stressed
in a word with more than one syllable. You will need to learn the 6. means ____________ por todo
stress of words by heart.
7. yield ____________ desplegar /desplegada
3c. Read the text quickly about road signs in the United
8. display ____________ significar
States. What does it say about colours and shapes? 9. signify ____________ superar
United States Road Signs 3e. Discuss the questions about the text with your
partner.
Roadway signs in the United States use symbols rather than
words to convey their message. Symbols provide instant • How many colours and shapes are used in traffic signs in the US?
communication with roadway users, overcome language • What does each colour/shape signify?
barriers, and are becoming standard throughout the 3f. Look at the road signs in 3a. and discuss the questions
world. Familiarity with symbols on traffic signs is important below with your partner.
for every road user in order to maintain the safety and
efficiency of our transportation means. The color of • Are road signs similar in Chile?
roadway signs is an important indicator of the information • Do Chilean pedestrians and drivers respect road signs?
A
1a. Look at the pictures in A. Discuss
their body language with your partner
and choose the one you would trust
the most. Why?
Person 1 Person 2 Person 3

B
1b. Look at the pictures in B. Discuss
and decide what they are expressing.
Why?

C
1c. Look at the pictures in C. Discuss
and decide where they are and what
is happening? How are the people
feeling? Why?
2a. Look at the picture on the left and imagine their

conversation. Complete what each person is saying.
2b. Report their conversations to your partner and listen
to his/hers.
3. Write a Facebook message to a friend that you haven’t

seen in a long time. Write about what has happened in
your life recently. Ask your friend questions about their
life. You must include:
-because for cause - so for effect - to for purpose - some neologisms
50 Unit 3 - Communication
1a. Read the article about how technology has changed 1e. Write a short summary with the blogger's main ideas.
the way we communicate. Do you think there has been
a big change in the way we communicate? Why? Share
Consider:
• How did we communicate in the past?
your ideas with your classmates.
• How do we communicate now?
• What will happen in the future?
How Technology Has Changed the Way We Communicate.
Once upon a time, people had limited options for exchanging
information with one another. Now we have what can feel like limitless
options to transfer information from one person to another. Let’s look at
how technology has changed the way we communicate.
We can communicate faster and more cost-effectively. If you’re in the
same room with someone, of course face-to-face is faster. But in our
global economy, many of the people we need to communicate with are
in different locations. As the speed of communicating has increased,
costs have been dramatically reduced.
We have access to more information. Information overload has become
a reality, with the Internet providing much more knowledge at the click
of a mouse than could even be imagined in the past. This means there
is much more data that can be communicated about any topic than was
previously possible.
We communicate with a different style. The nature of communication 2. Write what these traffic signs mean.
has changed along with its increase in speed and volume. Mobile
devices that fit in our pockets have tiny keyboards and this is increasing
the use of shortcuts, symbols, abbreviations, and new words that get
the point across with fewer characters.
It means ‘Bicycle traffic warning’
We have more choices of how to communicate. The variety of 1.
communication grows more and more complex. You can now collaborate
with others in your work group using advanced collaboration tools that
make it as easy to work with people in remote offices as when they’re
right next to you.
2. ___________________________
While technology is often blamed for the decline in face-to-face talking,
we have to give credit to it for opening up many new avenues to expand
the limited communication options we had available in the past. It is
also expected that communication will continue to change dramatically
alongside the growth of technology. ____________________________
3.
Adapted from: https://blog.wps.com/how-technology-has-changed-the-way-we-
communicate/
1b. Has technology really stopped us communicating

face-to-face? Discuss with your partner.
4. ____________________________
1c. Read the text again and underline one sentence for
each of the following verb tenses:
present continuous - future will

present simple - past simple - present perfect
___________________________
5.
1d. Now check with a partner and explain what the By Gobierno de Chile - [1], Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.
function of each tense is. php?curid=23198400
Unit 3 - Consolidation 51
1. Re-write the following sentences using look or seem 4. A: ...................................... (you, bring) back any souvenirs from
to. Jamaica?
1. I think she is worried about her financial situation. B: Yes, I ...................................... (do). I ......................................
(buy) some Blue Mountain coffee.
5. A: ...................................... (you, meet) your French friends when you
2. I think Pietro likes his new job. were in Paris?
B: Yes, we ...................................... (do). We .....................................
(meet) them for dinner one evening.
3. I have the impression that there are too many people in this room.
6. A: ...................................... (you, visit) your cousins in Los Angeles?
B: No, we ...................................... (not have) time.
4. I think you are very tired and need a break. 7. A: I ............................................ (get) a new iPhone last week. When
...................................... (you, buy) your last phone?
B: I ...................................... (be) lucky. My family .............................
2. Complete the following conversation with the present (give) it to me for my last birthday.
simple or present continuous forms of the verbs in
brackets. 4. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences
is Sarah doing or questions.
ALICE: What (1) .......................................... (Sarah, do) in that shop?
NAOMI: She (2).......................................... (buy) some postcards to 1. buy / going / a new dress / I’m / the party / for / to .
send to her family. I’m going to buy a new dress for the party.
ALICE: Really? I (3) ..................... generally .......................... (not send) 2. going / your wedding / you / Are / invite / your / to / cousin / to ?
postcards. I usually (4) .......................................... (write) a message
on my Facebook wall. And sometimes I (5) ................................. (put) a
3. Aren’t / going / they / get married / to / this / year .
few photos of my holiday on my wall.
NAOMI: Yes, me too, but Sarah’s grandparents (6) ................................
4. going / are / do / after university / you / What / to ?
(not have) a computer, so she (7) ...................................... (send) them
postcards instead.
ALICE: Oh, and what (8) ................................................................. 5. visit / Spain next year / going / We’re / in / my relatives / to .
(Tom and Jack, do) this morning?
NAOMI: They (9) ................................... (spend) the day at the beach. 6. to / you / are / wear / to / the party / What / going ?
ALICE: But Tom (10) ....................................... (not like) swimming in
the sea. He says the water’s too cold.
5. Circle the correct option in the second sentence to
NAOMI: Yes, but it (11) ...................................... (be) really hot today! report what the people said.
3. Complete the exchanges with the past simple form of 1. Josh said, ‘I think that we’ll go to the beach with our cousins after
the verbs in brackets. Use contractions where possible. lunch.’
He told / said us that he thought / has thought that we will go / they
was
1. A: How ...................................... (be) your flight? would go to the beach with my / their cousins after lunch.
B: Fine, thanks, but I ...................................... (not sleep) because 2. She said, ‘I always do my housework on Saturday.'
the seats ...................................... (not be) comfortable. She said / told me she always did / has done my /her housework on
2. A: What ...................................... (you, do) last summer? Saturday.
B: We ................................................ (not have) much money, so we 3. My brother said, 'It's Friday evening, I'm going to play football with
...................................... (decide) to stay in the UK. my friends.'
3. A: Where ...................................... (Ben, go) on holiday last year? My brother said / told me it is / was Friday evening and that he is / was
B: He ...................................... (go) to Canada. going to play football with his / their friends.

6. Report the following statements (1-10). 9. Re-write the following sentences using because, so, so
as not to, in order to.
Example: She said, ‘I am reading.’
she was reading
She said that ______________________
1. Alex has just bought a dishwasher. He doesn’t want to do the
1. They said, ‘We are busy.’ washing-up every day.
They said that ___________________________________________________________________
2. He said, ‘I know a better restaurant.’ _________________________________________________________________________________________
He said that _____________________________________________________________________ 2. We have finished all the work, and we can leave early.
3. She said, ‘I woke up early.’
She said that ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________
4. He said, ‘I will ring her.’ 3. Jack went to the river to get some water.
He said that _____________________________________________________________________
5. They said, ‘We can come at 5 p.m.' __________________________________________________________________________________________
They said that ___________________________________________________________________ 4. I put butter on the potatoes to make them taste better.
6. He said, ‘I will clean the car.’
He said that _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________
7. She said, 'I want a new bicycle.' 5. Maria went to a restaurant yesterday. She didn’t want to cook.
She said that ___________________________________________________________________
8. She said, ‘I don’t know where my shoes are.’ __________________________________________________________________________________________
She said that ___________________________________________________________________

9. He said: ‘I won’t tell anyone.’ 9a. Find the words from the box related to body language.
He said that _____________________________________________________________________
afraid - amazed - amused - eyebrows - cheeks
10. We said: 'We won't go'
body posture - attitude - knowledge
We said that ____________________________________________________________________
7. Fill in the gaps with because, so or to. K D W Z G I I S A E

K N E R U T S O P Y
Why I switch off my phone for two hours a day D C O K B D W A D E
D I J W E O T T E B
I am an extrovert, and I love being around people. I also really enjoy a R M A S L T D H Z R
good conversation. Face-to-face for me is preferred, but these days that H O U R I E P Y A O
just isn’t possible. Even if your friends live just down the road from you, Y M U T F B D M M W
A M U U G A J G A S
they would rather chat with you on their phone than come and visit. I
O D C H E E K S E N
feel this new form of communication is destroying how we socialise and E D W W P Z E U X K
how the next generation will also socialise, ……………………… we have
9b. Choose three of the words from the word search and
forgotten how to treat people, how to have meaningful conversations, write a paragraph about what you learnt about body
and even how to make real friends. ……………………… now I switch my language in this unit.
phone off for two hours a day. I can’t talk to anyone digitally. I do this
……………………… make me talk to the people physically around me
much more. Other times I do not use my phone at the dinner table, or
in a bar with friends, ……………………… these moments are so precious
to me; I want the people around me to have my full attention. Are you
a phone addict? What could you do .............. change this habit? Try
my strategy .................. that you can connect more to your friends and
family.

1. The following pictures show people talking in different 2. You (A) are going to have a conversation with a friend
situations. For each picture, write questions using the (B). You are going to a job interview tomorrow, and you
words below. need some advice. Your friend will give you advice. Write
1. Where? 3. How / feeling? the dialogue below.
2. What /doing? 4. What /going to happen? You must include:

• Advice on body language and gestures
• Reported speech (e.g what another friend told you to do)
• because, so, to
• Neologisms
Start with this:

1 A: Hi! Could you help me out? I have a job interview and I don’t know
what to do. Do you have any advice for me?
B: Ah yes, I’m good at that.
Check Unit 3
I can …
1. ... describe feelings
2. ... understand and describe messages through body language.
3. ... describe present and past experiences.
4. ... recognise vocabulary related to inclusion.
5. ... report what people say.
6. ... describe different types of conversations.
7. ... understand and express the relationship between cause and effect.
8. ... express purpose.
9. ... identify and describe road signs.
54 Unit 3 - Test Yourself

Notes
55
Notes
56
Focus On Presentation Skills
Useful tips
• Use planning time to prepare what you’re going to say.
• Use short, simple sentences to express your ideas clearly.
• Have your notes ready in case you forget anything.
• Practise your presentation. If possible, record yourself and listen to
your presentation.
• Avoid writing out the whole presentation. Make notes/bullet points
and don’t learn it off by heart – because if you forget one word you
will probably panic.
• Never read your presentation to your audience: it’s very boring!
5. Below are ten pieces of a presentation on the
advantages and disadvantages of living in a big city. Put
them in the correct order. Mark 1 for the first piece and
10 for the last.
As well as problems with traffic jams, traffic is heavy and car
Activating ideas.
ideas The pictures above show places where parks in cities are always very full. Sometimes it is very difficult
you can live. In pairs, describe the pictures and then to get from one place to another.
discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of living
in places like these. Focus on aspects like: I would like to add, there are many activities you can choose
from to spend your free time. There are a variety of theatres,
number of people - access to services concerts and other forms of entertainment. There is always
access to entertainment - safety plenty to do and see!
In addition, there are many places to work in a city so it is
PRESENTATION SKILLS usually easier to find jobs.
Talking about advantages and disadvantages. Finally, public transport is quite well organised in some cities,
When talking about advantages and disadvantages, it is essential to so commuting to work isn’t a problem as long as you don’t live
organise your ideas according to the following: very far away.
1. Explain what your presentation is about at the beginning: 1
I would like to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of
I’m going to talk about ... I’d like to talk about ... living in big cities.
The main focus of this presentation is ...
I’d like to talk about advantages and disadvantages of living in a Cities are very crowded. There are crowds everywhere.
city.
To sum up, a big city may be a good place to live. I think that
2. Use these expressions to order your ideas: everyone has to take into consideration all these aspects
First of all, ... Firstly, ... Then, ... Secondly, ... Next, ...
Finally, ... To sum up, ... In conclusion, ... before choosing the best place to live.
Example: First of all, I’m going to talk about the advantages of living Additionally, another disadvantage is the lack of safety. There
in a city then I’d like to talk about the main disadvantages.
is a high crime rate in cities.
3. Use these expressions to add more ideas from the same point of view: First of all, I would like to refer to the advantages of living in a
In addition, ... What’s more, ... Also, ... Added to this, ... big city.
Example: First of all, when you live in a big city, there is always a lot On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of living in
to do and visit. You have access to many theatres, concerts big cities.
and other forms of entertainment! In addition, there are
plenty of possibilities for shopping.
6. Prepare a mini presentation using four bullet points
4. To introduce the opposite point of view you can use these words and for advantages and four for disadvantages. Choose one
expressions to contrast ideas: of the topics:
Whereas, ... On the other hand, ... although ... while …
but ….
healthy vs unhealthy food – face-to-face vs virtual communication
Example: Another advantage is that public transport is well organised, traditional vs alternative medicine
so commuting isn’t a problem. On the other hand, public
transport can get very crowded and uncomfortable.
Focus on presentation skills 57
Focus On Speaking Skills
Describing the context and making predictions. 1c. Now make you predictions.
When describing an image and making predictions about what is Do you think the man is receiving good news or bad news? Support your
happening, you can use background information to support your ideas. ideas by focusing on the expressions and body language of the people
Example: in the background / middle – on the left / right – in front and the place where they are.
of / behind – below / above – next to / across
1a. Take turns with your partner. One reads a word from 1d. Put these helpful sentences in order, then use
the above list and the other points to the corresponding them in the next practice activity.
area in the picture that it refers to. 1. the I on see can right a woman. _____________________________________________
Picture A Picture B 2. a are in They house. ___________________________________________________________
3. He is T-shirt a black wearing. _______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
4. They not smiling are. __________________________________________________________

5. window In is a background the there. _____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
1b. Work with your partner and take turns to describe 6. talking is The is the phone woman man on the and sitting. __________
the place and the people.
________________________________________________________________________________________
• What can you see? Where are they? Is it day or night?
7. look They unhappy. ____________________________________________________________
• What’s on the left? And what’s on the right? What’s in the background?
And what’s at the front? 8. Maybe has some he received bad news. __________________________________
• What are the people wearing? Are they young or old? ________________________________________________________________________________________
2a. Discuss the following scale with your partners. Then practice the activity in 2b. Evaluate your partner while he/
she speaks (1-3). Make notes using the scale as a reference.
grammar & vocabulary fluency pronunciation

1 weak Limited use of vocabulary and doesn’t use complete Only short, not very clear phrases, Very difficult to understand.
sentences. repeats a lot.
2 average Has vocabulary to do the task and makes comprehensible Uses full sentences with some Most of what he/she says can be
sentences. errors and repetition. understood.
3 strong Can exchange views using vocabulary and grammar with Very easy to follow with few errors. Everything said can be understood
few errors. with few errors.
2b. Work in pairs, student 1 describes picture A and 2c. Now talk together for two minutes with a partner.
student 2 picture B. Use activity 1 to guide you. Talk for Use these questions to guide you and the functional
a minute each. language you have practised in the units.
Picture A Picture B A. What good news do you enjoy receiving? How do you receive it? Who
do you share it with?
B.What bad news do you hate receiving? How do you usually get it? Who
do you share it with?
C. Have you had any good/bad news lately? How did you feel? Where
were you? Who were you with?
D.Do you ever watch the news on TV, listen to the news on the radio
or read newspapers? When? How often? What kind of news are you
interested in? Why?
58 Focus on speaking skills

Focus On Listening Skills
LISTENING FOR DETAILS 3. Which room are the flowers in?
1a. When you listen for details, you have to pay attention
to specific information and ignore anything that does
not sound relevant. Before you listen, consider these
three points:
• Skim through the questions(s) and the possible answers
• Underline key words
A. ______________ B. ______________ C. ______________
• Make predictions about what kind of detail you need to identify
1b. You will listen to the recording twice. The first time
you listen it is better to listen for the general idea and 4. What is at the Art Gallery this week?
mark which you think is the correct answer. The second
time you listen is to check if your answers are correct.
Example:
For each question there are three pictures. Listen and choose the correct
picture. You will hear the recording twice.
Question: What has the man bought? A. ______________ B. ______________ C. ______________
Key word: man. What did the MAN buy? (not the woman)
Prediction: Any object one can buy.
5. When did Jim arrive yesterday?

What has the man bought?
A. ______________ B. ______________ C. ______________

1. ______________ 2. ______________ √
3. ______________
1. What have they forgotten? 6. What activity is Elizabeth going to start next week?
A. ______________ B. ______________ C. ______________ A. ______________ B. ______________ C. ______________
2. How will the girl get home? 7. Which T-shirt will Mum get Mark for his birthday?
A. ______________ B. ______________ C. ______________ A. ______________ B. ______________ C. ______________

Focus on listening skills 59
Focus On Reading Skills
1. UNDERSTANDING THE PURPOSE OF SIGNS, NOTES , OR MESSAGES.
2. Who is this sign meant for?
This task tests your ability to understand various short texts, for example
authentic notices and signs, packaging information and communicative A. children
messages like notes, emails and cards. B. drivers
C. teachers
Useful tips
√ When you see a public notice, always think of the context and
pay attention if there are symbols or images that will help you
understand. 3. Which sentence is true?
√ Look at the image and decide if the text is a personal message or a Please keep
text for the public. off the grass
√ Read the text, underline the important words and then try to put the
sentence into your own words. A. You must keep walking on the grass.
√ Finally, read the options and choose the one that matches your own B. You must walk on the grass.
sentence. Read each option carefully.
C. You can’t walk on the grass.
EXAMPLE: 4. What must you do with your pet?

Read the notice and answer the questions below.
A. You must let your dog run about.
B. You must tie your dog to a post.
C. You must keep hold of your dog.
1. Where could you find a notice like this? _____________________________________ 5. When will the library be LIBRARY CHRISTMAS OPENING HOURS
open? Monday Christmas Eve (short day)
2. Is this a personal message or a text for the public? _______________________ 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Tuesday Christmas Day
3. Who is going to read this notice? _____________________________________________ SUSPENDED
Wednesday Boxing Day (short day)
9 a. m. to 3 p.m.
4. How would you say the sentence or message in your own words? Thursday 27th December
NORMAL HOURS
__________________________________________________________________________________________
A. The library will be open on Tuesday.

B. On Thursday it is open until 5 p.m.
C. On Monday it is open until 5 p. m.
1a. Look at the text in each question. Mark the correct
letter A, B or C.
6. What is the sign saying?
A. You must get a licence to fish here.

B. You are not permitted to fish here.
C. You can only catch certain types of fish.
1. Where can you park?
A. You can park in front of the restaurant.

B. You can park behind the restaurant. 1b. Check your answers with your partner. If you have
C. You can park next to the restaurant. different answers, discuss and give reasons for your
choice.
60 Focus on reading skills
Focus On Reading Skills
2. READING LONGER TEXTS A. The music museum
This place is perfect for people interested in music history. You can find
In this activity you have to read multiple texts and look for specific out where your favourite singers and musicians grew up and watch the
information. processes involved in writing famous songs and directing music videos.
Useful tips Discover what makes them famous and learn all about what makes a
concert entertaining! There’s all you ever wanted to know about famous
√ For this type of activity the most important thing to do is not to musicians!
wordspot. This means don’t look for a specific word to answer the
question; be careful to read the complete sentence before you B. Rhythm dancer studio
Get your heart pumping in the studio and discover how to move to
decide which is the correct answer. Think of other ways of saying the
rhythms and sounds from every era, including Soul and Disco. Our
same (with negatives, synonyms, antonyms or paraphrasing).
onscreen professional dance instructor will guide you every step of the
√ The first thing to do is to read the descriptions of each person and way, and the best part is that you can then watch your dancing and be
get an idea of what they are looking for (underline or highlight if it the star of the show in your own video recording. You can even have a
helps you). Then read the products and services offered (again copy to take with you!
underline or highlight if it helps you) and see if any elements would C. WorldGroup
suit the needs of any of the people. For two months only, come and try the amazing sights and sounds of
the WorldGroup band, a big international group of traditional musicians
√ You will need to double check that ALL of the requirements of each
and dancers. You’ll experience unknown music and dance styles in this
person are met by the product or service. Sometimes only some of
country. Buy a pass to meet the musicians, converse with them and get
the requirements are met and that information may confuse you. inspired!
D. Sound infinity
Imitate the musical experience that you want by recording your own
music and applying it to a big orchestra playing on a video background
screen – you can even put it on a USB stick and take it away! Additionally,
there is a chance to find out about violins, flutes, trumpets and many
other instruments with our digital demonstrations, and there is also a
great opportunity to meet real musicians!
E. Stored memories
Are you interested in learning about modern bands, or just want more
2a. The people below all like listening to music. Read the information about more traditional music? Come to see our collection
descriptions. Then read the descriptions of eight places to discover new things, facts and figures, or take a look at the belongings
where people can go to enjoy music. of famous bands and musicians you like. You can even get to see and
touch things worn on stage at major rock and pop events, as well as
Decide which place would be the most suitable for the following people.
other concert souvenirs.
For each person (1-5), find the correct place (A–H)
F. Relivable
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Have you ever dreamed of going back in time and being in the crowd of
some of the most amazing musical performances? Here you can relive
these memories using our 3D life-size videos from the stars of then
1. Jim is interested in classical music and wants to talk to professional and now. You can feel the excitement of a huge rock stadium and the
musicians about their work. He’d like to find out more about classical sounds, movement and rhythms that helped produce some of the most
instruments and actually play some music. exciting music ever known.
2. Walter wants to learn to play some of his favourite band’s songs and G. The new you!
to know how his favourite singers create their own special sound.He’d Would you like to gain new skills on the guitar, drums and keyboard by
like to try out some different instruments. video? Read the touch-screen instructions to discover how to play each
3. Janet loves watching spectacular concerts with fantastic dancers and instrument, or look for your favourite song to practise playing along to.
wants to feel some of the atmosphere of a big musical event. She’d Try our Professional Selection, with video clips of band members who
like to see performances by famous people she’s heard of. will explain the techniques that make their recordings so unique.
H. Show-in-a-day!
4. Jonas likes exploring the personal backgrounds of his favourite bands How about being a superstar or dancer for one day? We offer a one-
and also the stories behind their well-known songs. He has his own time-only special performance just for you! The best in international
band and wants some advice about performing live on stage. music and dance styles will be your teachers, and you can dress up for
5. Sally likes listening to all sorts of pop music and wants a fun way to the performance to create a really special and individual show. Invite
learn various dance styles. She’d like to bring something home to your friends and family to come and see you perform! Photography is
show her friends what she’s learnt during her visit. not permitted.
Focus on reading skills 61

Focus On Writing Skills
WRITING A SHORT STORY
1c. Choose one of the questions below and write a 100-
A short story is often about a personal experience or maybe about word narrative text.
somebody else. You need to consider who is going to read the story so
that your language is adequate. Before writing, think of what you want •When did you go to a concert?
to say and organise your ideas. Remember to leave time for checking •When did you go to a party?
once you finish writing. •When did you first travel by plane?
Tips:
1d. Before you start writing, make short notes with your
√ When writing a short story, choose a theme that you are interested ideas first, and then use WH question words to organise
in to make it easier to write.
your ideas.
√ Pay attention to pronouns – is the story about you or someone else?
Do you need to change the form of the verbs?
√ Use a variety of different verb tenses and vocabulary. Your story will
sound more interesting. Remember to connect short sentences.
√ Remember to keep it in context. Don’t add information because, if
it is not related directly to your story, it may confuse your readers.
1a. Read the following example and make notes of the

general organisation. How does it start? What comes
next? How does it finish?
When did you first see the sea?
The first time I saw the sea was in 1995. I was seven
years old at that time. I spent two weeks in Acapulco
with my father, my mother and my two brothers. I loved
the sound of the waves and playing in the sand with my
brothers. The first day, I ran into the water and swam
for nearly two hours. We had a wonderful time there and
we visited other places as well. We took many photographs
of landscapes and we bought souvenirs for our family and
friends. Since then, we have always tried to spend time
together.
A short narrative text about a particular experience normally answers a
series of WH questions.
1b. Read sentences 1-2-3 taken from the text and match
them with the correct WH question in the box. Write the
correct question word on the line below. Each sentence
1e. Once you’ve finished use the checklist below to read
may answer more than one question word.
your story and correct any mistakes you find. Remember
to look at your spelling.
what - where - who (with) - when - how long - why
√ Are the ideas organised well?
1. The first time I saw the sea was in 1995. √ Is the grammar used appropriate?
__________________________________________________________________________________________ √ Is all the information related directly to the theme?
2. I spent two weeks in Acapulco with my father, my mother and my two √ Is it around 100 words?
brothers. √ Does it use a variety of vocabulary?
1f. Ask your partner to correct your writing. Your partner

_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. We had a wonderful time there and we visited other places as well. must answer these questions on the checklist also.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
62 Focus on writing skills

4
Unit
Unit 4: THE NATURAL WORLD
OBJECTIVES
• describe and compare natural places.
• retell travelling experiences and feelings.
• talk about different habitats and people.
• write about places and experiences.
Unit 4 63
Unit 4 - Lesson 10: What A Wonderful World!
The seven natural wonders of the world
1a. Talk with your classmates about natural I will be able to:
places.
• use vocabulary to describe natural places.
Have you ever swum in a lake, an ocean or a river? • compare information about different places.
Have you ever climbed a mountain? • write about a natural site.
Have you ever visited an island or a bay?
Have you ever seen a waterfall?
Have you ever been in a rainforest? 3a. Look at the pictures from this lesson.
They are from an article on the Seven Natural
1c. Do you know why they are called Wonders of the Wonders. Where do you think they are?
World? With a partner discuss which ones you have Compare them. (Include colours, height,
heard of. Are they man-made or natural? Write the name characteristics, etc.)
of three places here:
Example: I think this picture is probably the Grand Canyon in the USA
and the main colour is red but I´ve never seen a picture ........
2a. Listen to Ana María talking about her
travel blog. Now answer the question below 3b. Read the information (1-7) and match it to each
with your partner. photo.
•How does Ana María feel about travelling?
2b. Read the questions below and write notes.
1. What is the most beautiful place that Ana María has been to?
2. Which is the hottest place she’s ever been to?
3. Which place does Ana María consider the most dangerous?
4. Which place does Ana María recommend not to visit?
5. Which place does Ana María think is the most expensive?
2c. Compare some places you have visited.

Example: Villarrica is the most beautiful place I have visited.
2d. Now share your ideas with a partner.

Mother nature
6. Great Barrier Reef, Australia:
Astronauts and satellites have captured images of the Great Barrier
Reef. To understand the scale of this wonder you need to consider that
there are nearly 3,000 individual reefs and almost 1,000 islands. You
need to see it to believe it!
7. Mount Everest, Nepal:
Mount Everest is one of the most iconic natural features of the globe.
At 8,848 m, it’s ranked first for both elevation and prominence. The
first recorded attempts to scale Everest were made in the 1920s by
British mountaineers. To climb Everest you have to be in great physical
condition and take enormous risks.
Taken from: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-seven-natural-wonders-of-theworld
3c. Talk with a partner. Did you know about these places?
Find their location on a map.
3d. Read the descriptions again and make a list of all the
geographical places you find.
Geographical places Adjectives

canyon magnificent
1. The Grand Canyon:

Situated in Arizona, USA, the 446 km-long Grand Canyon is magnificent.
The canyon, which measures upto 1.6 km-deep and 29 km-wide, was
formed over time by the course of the Colorado River. Scientists estimate
that the river first shaped its path more than 17 million years ago. 3e. Look for all the characteristics that describe those
2. Parícutin: places and include them in the box on the right.
This is an example of a near-perfect volcano located in Michoacán,
Mexico. What makes Parícutin special is that modern scientists were 3f. Choose the most beautiful place you have visited
able to observe and document all its stages from creation to extinction. (man-made or natural) and write about its main
Erupting for 19 years, the volcano went quiet in 1952. Scientists don’t characteristics in about 50 words. Make sure you use the
think it will erupt again. vocabulary from the table in 3d. Then recommend why
3. Southern and Northern Lights: people should visit it.
This spectacular light show is called the Northern (or Southern) Lights.
This light effect is generated by cosmic particles entering and interacting
with the Earth’s atmosphere, which causes vivid colours across the night
sky. You can see them in both polar regions of the planet.
4. Victoria Falls, Africa:
As the Zambezi River crosses the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe, its
waters form the majestic Victoria Falls. The waterfall isn’t the highest or
the widest waterfall on the planet, but when taking both attributes into
consideration, it qualifies as the largest.
5. Harbour of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil:
Guanabara is a 19 km-long bay to the east of Rio de Janeiro, the second
largest city in Brazil. More than 100 islands are situated around the bay.
This beautiful environment is now in danger because of urbanisation.
Thankfully, new green initiatives are attempting to return the bay to its
former glory. For further practice go to page 76.
Highlights and challenges
3g. Read the descriptions. Write the name of the natural
wonder and the correct form of the characteristic Vocabulary: affixes
(adjective / comparative / superlative) which matches
You can make words negative by adding prefixes (at the beginning
each description. of a word) or suffixes (at the end of a word).
Example: His work was unsatisfactory so we asked him to resign.
high - higher - highest / beautiful - most beautiful - more beautiful The trip was endless; it took hours and hours.
Some examples of affixes are: un - in - dis - mis - less
1. ............................................ is the .....................................................
of all peaks in the Himalayas. Many people think that it is the ............ 4b. Work with a partner. Look at these sentences and
.............................. mountain in the world.
decide which affix goes with each word. Use the
vocabulary box to help you.
long - longer than - longest
un interesting, very boring; I never
Example: The book was .......
2. .......................................... is the .......................................... canyon finished it.
in the world. 1. They were home ........, with no place to live.
most famous - more famous than - famous 2. There’s a lot of ........equality here; the rich are very rich and the poor
are very poor.
3. The ................................................. is the ..........................................
3. I bought some ........expensive tickets because I had very little money.
landmark of Australia.
4. The weather was ........pleasant; it was cold and rainy.
high - highest - higher/wider - widest - wide/largest - larger - large
5. It was an ........popular decision; nobody liked it.
4. In Africa, this waterfall isn’t the ........................ or the ....................... 6. They walked through the park, ........observed by the guards.
but it is considered the ...................................................... It is called
7. He was ........qualified by the panel members because he wasn’t
...........................................
honest.
high - higher - highest 8. They ........understood the directions and arrived two hours later.
9. The project was ........ successful so they had to design a new one.
5. You can see this phenomenon at high latitudes. The ..........................
................ the latitude, the more chances you have to see .................. For further practice go to page 75.
........................ in both polar regions.
4c. Now choose a natural wonder you don’t like and
4a. Work with a partner. Read these sentences. write about its negative aspects and give reasons. Use
What do the words in bold mean? Are they some of the above affixes.
positive or negative?
Example: I´m an inexperienced trekker; I could never climb Everest.
4d. Project work. Choose a Natural Wonder. Prepare a

presentation with information about it.
The weather was terribly hot. It was really unpleasant. I misinterpreted
the weather forecast on TV and didn't bring light clothes. Luckily, there • mention its main characteristics
was a clothes shop next to the hotel where I bought some inexpensive • add photos
dresses. It was very funny because the shop assistant misunderstood me • explain how to get there
and showed me children’s clothes! On the first day I felt uncomfortable • talk about accommodation in the area
trying to speak Russian although I’m doing fine now. • suggest what to do there
Unit 4 - Lesson 11: Variety Is The Spice Of Life
Around the world
I will be able to:
• compare different climates using degrees of difference.

• describe living conditions in extreme climates.
• recall and talk about childhood memories.
1c. Listen again and complete the information about

these groups’ survival habits.
ethnic group shelter activities
America: North, Central and South - Europe - Asia

Australasia/Oceania - Africa - Antarctica
1a. Talk with your classmates. Look at the map

and name the different continents you see.
Where are the Arctic and Antarctic regions?
1d. Look at the photos and talk with a partner.
• Where are the best climates to live?
• Where do people live in extreme conditions? • Can you name the different ethnic groups?
1b. Talk with your classmates about living in extreme • Can you place them on the map?
conditions.
• What native people live or lived in Chile? Where do/did they live?
1b. Listen to a radio programme where a historian talks

about the people of the world and how they live in their
different environments. Number the ethnic groups in the
order you hear them mentioned.
_______ Tuareg from the Sahara Desert

_______ Inuit and Sami from the Arctic
_______ Tibetan from Asia
_______ Selk'nam and Yámanas from Patagonia
_______ Aboriginal Australian desert people
Did You Know…?

According to the results of several research projects, scientists 1f. Talk with your partner about the differences you have
have concluded that Chilean people’s DNA is 53% European, 45% heard and compare these groups' habitats and customs.
Amerindian and about 2% African. Example:
I think it is colder in the Arctic than in southern Patagonia
Taken from: https://www.latercera.com/noticia/el-origen-del-adn-de-los-chilenos/
where the Selk’nam lived.
Feeling snowed under
2a. Talk with your classmates using these 2d. Answer these questions with true (T) or false (F) or
questions as a guide. doesn't say (DS).
1. ________The Arctic is as big as Antarctica.
What are the differences between the most northern and most southern
parts of the Earth? What type of animals can you find in these regions? 2. ________The Arctic has got as many birds as Antarctica.
3. ________ In Antarctica there aren’t as many land animals as the Arctic.
2b. Read the first part of the article and answer the 4. ________Animals in the Arctic are as friendly as in Antarctica.
question.
5. ________ Antarctica is not as populated as the Arctic.
• Why are the Arctic and Antarctica different?
The Arctic vs. Antarctica Grammar: comparisons of equality and inequality

The primary difference between the Arctic and Antarctica is a geological Look at the statements in 2d. How do they compare characteristics
one. The Arctic is a sea of ice surrounded by land and located at the of the Arctic to Antarctica?
highest latitudes of the northern hemisphere. The Arctic is a region When making comparisons we can use: as ………. as
which extends over six countries that border the Arctic Ocean: Canada, The Arctic is as cold as Antarctica.
the USA (Alaska), Denmark (Greenland), Russia, Norway and Iceland.
Or the negative form: not as ………. as
Antarctica, by contrast, is a continent located in the southern
hemisphere and 98 percent covered by an ice cap. There are mountains
In the Arctic the animals are not as friendly as in Antarctica.
reaching a maximum of 4,876 metres. Antarctica does not belong to Check Grammar Reference for more information.
any country.
2c. Before you read the second part of the article, match 3a. Complete the sentences below with the
the words with another word of similar meaning: correct comparison form.
is as hot in Chillán ..................

Example: In summer it .................. as in Santiago.
a. reindeer brave as
isn't as rainy ..................
In January it .................. in July.
b. sacred timid
c. shy caribou
1. In winter, it ……………… cold …...........….. in Iquique as in Coyhaique.
d. fearless religious
2. Aconcagua …............……………… high …….......................… Everest.
The northern polar region is the sacred land of the polar bear, one of the 3. Osorno …............……………… big …............……………… Concepción.
largest land predators on the planet. Arctic foxes, caribou, snowy owls
and musk ox: the Arctic has a wonderful variety of native fauna, though 4. The Victoria Falls …............…… beautiful ………....… the Iguazú Falls.
the animals are shy and fearful in the presence of humans. It has few 5. Polar bears ………………......….. large …….....……….......…. elephants.
birds.
In Antarctica, the marine fauna includes sea lions, whales, seals, 3b. Write two comparisons, one negative and one
elephant seals and many other creatures. In addition, there are also positive.
around forty species of birds that live in the southern polar region. With
human contact being both recent and extremely limited, the animals of
the South Pole are quite fearless, making them a wonderful exhibition
for visiting observers. For further practice go to page 75.
Coming in from the cold
4a. Look at the photos and talk with a partner 5d. Discuss the article and check the table with your
about living conditions in one of these places. partner. Then write a summary of the main differences
Would you like to live there or go on holiday the article mentions. Remember to use the comparative
there? What would you do? forms.
4b. Read the second part of the article and talk with your
partner. Are there many differences between the Arctic
and Antarctica, or just a few?
Many native people live at the North Pole. The Inuits of North America,
the Sami of Northern Europe and the Yakuts in Siberia have long
inhabited this enormous territory. Each ethnic group has created a way
of surviving in this wild and extremely hard natural environment.
On the contrary, the first people arrived to the South Pole in1821. Today
the Southern Continent does not have any permanent inhabitants, just
scientific teams that rotate during the year. Chile has been present on 4e. Share your information with a partner. Can you add
this continent since 1947. another difference?
Temperatures at the North Pole can vary quite significantly, with
the thermometers dropping particularly low in February. In Norway 5a. Listen to Amalia who lived in Villa Las
and North America, it is not unusual for it to be over 10°C during the Estrellas for a year when she was a child.
warmest months. Answer the following questions.
In Antarctica, the mercury can easily drop below -55°C, especially
in mountainous areas. The lowest natural temperature on Earth was •How does she feel about this experience?
recorded here: -89.2°C! 5b. Now listen again and answer the following questions:
Taken from: https://en.ponant.com/differences-arctic-antarctica/
1. Who did she go with? ____________________________________________________________
4c. Now read again and complete the table below.
2. Why did she go there? ________________________________________________________
Arctic Antarctic __________________________________________________________________________________________
geological formation
3. What was school like? _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
inhabitants
4. And family life? ___________________________________________________________________
5. What does she remember most? _____________________________________________
fauna
__________________________________________________________________________________________
climate 5c. Talk with your partner about a childhood memory.

What had the biggest impact on you? Why? Where?
When did it happen?
Unit 4 - Lesson 12: You’ll Take The High Road And I’ll Take The Low Road
On the Chilean road
I will be able to:
• use vocabulary to describe feelings and cause of feelings

when travelling.
• talk about agricultural production.
• buy a bus ticket using functional language.
The key for Chile to find other markets around the world is not to
price its wines too high or too low. Not cheap stuff, but not high-
class either, what Chile does best is mid-price, good-quality wines
that don’t cost a fortune. But changing Chile’s image will take time.
Taken from: https://www.amchamchile.cl/en/2012/08/la-industria-vitivinicola-de-
chile-calidad-premium/
1a. Talk with a partner.

1d. What conditions does Chile have to make wine? Talk
• What do you know about Chilean exports? with your partner.
• What does Chile produce?
• What does Chile cultivate? Where?
Did You Know…?
Exports drive Chile's economy, concentrated primarily in
1b. Before reading, match the words to their meaning. copper, representing about 50% of total exports in 2017. Its
agricultural sectors cover the other 50%, with wine and fresh
a. increase ______ drinks fruit (grapes, cherries, apples, pears) being the main products.
b. decrease ______ the top layer of earth where plants grow To these we must add forestry and fishery products.
Taken from: https://www.direcon.gob.cl/2018/01/informe -direcon-prochile-
c. breeze ______ become bigger or greater exportaciones-2017
d. soil ______ a light wind

e. beverages ______ become smaller or less
1b. How is the Chilean wine market compared to the rest

of the world? Do you think it is increasing or decreasing?
Talk with your partner, then read the article below and
check to see if your predictions were right.
Chile is a winemaker’s paradise. It has long, hot summers and cool

coastal breezes, natural irrigation from melting snow and a virtually
pest and disease-free environment, Chile has some of the finest
land in the world. And, with 14 wine regions from the Elqui Valley in
the north to the Bío Bío Valley in the south, Chile offers a diversity of
soil types and climates for producing a wide variety of wines.
The picture is not so great in Chile – per capita consumption 3a. Talk with your partner about what you
decreased to 13 litres in 2011 from 15 litres five years before see in the photos.
as demand for beer and other beverages has risen – but sales of
premium wine have been increasing steadily.
•Can you name the fruit you see?
Wine tourism and its beautiful scenery attract many foreign visitors,
•What do the big trees produce?
although more could be done to promote Chile as a wine tourism
destination. •What can you see in the valley?
•What fish does Chile export the most?
Letting off steam
Vocabulary: adjectives -ed/-ing
Answer the questions below using these examples from the
listening to help you.
It was a bit tiring but I felt very satisfied.
I was very interested although it was an exhausting walk.
Which adjectives describe an emotion and which adjectives
describe something that causes that emotion?
adjectives that end in -ing: ______________________________________________
adjectives that end in -ed: ______________________________________________
Some adjectives have both forms: exhausted/exhausting,
frightened/frightening, satisfied/satisfying, shocked/shocking, etc.
2g. Choose the best option to complete the idea.
2b. Martin is an agricultural technician from New Zealand 1. José said he’d organised an interested / interesting trip for Martin.
staying in Santiago with his friend José. Martin wants to 2. You look really tired /tiring; you have been on your motorbike for ages!
visit the agricultural area and the vineyards in the Central 3. José hasn’t got the annoyed / annoying habit of always interrupting
Valley. Listen to their conversation and answer these people.
questions with your partner:
4. Martin wasn’t feeling disappointed / disappointing, the trip was
•What are some of the things that José proposes? great.
•Does Martin make a decision in the end? 5. In fact, he said it was a very satisfied / satisfying experience. He loved
it!
2c. Listen again and complete the table. 6. India seems to be a very interested / interesting country to visit,
though I was shocked/shocking at the poverty I saw.
Place What they are going to see For further practice go to page 76.
2h. Talk with your partner about Martin’s experience.

Would you be interested in doing a train tour? Have
you ever been on a wine tour? Would you like to visit a
2d. Can you add more information? Discuss with your vineyard? Which one? Why? Why not?
partner. 2i. Describe a short trip you took using –ed and –ing
adjectives. Write notes here:
2e. Listen to Martin talking about the wine tour they
took in the Valley of Colchagua.
•Did he have a good time? How did he travel?
2f. Now listen again and write down the feelings you
hear.
2j. Now describe it to your partner.

For further practice go to page 76
Hit the road, Jack
3d. Work with a partner. Imagine you need to travel
urgently to a city of your choice. Create your dialogue.
Use the dialogue in 4c. as a model and the expressions
in the Functional Language box.
3a. Talk with your partner about travelling in

Chile.
• Do you like to travel? / Why or why not? / What is your favourite mode
of transportation? Why? / What is your dream destination? Why?
4b. Listen to Martin buying a bus ticket on the phone.
Where does he want to go? _______________________________________________________

When? ________________________________________________________________________________
Why? __________________________________________________________________________________
Who with? ____________________________________________________________________________
3c. Complete the dialogue with the words you remember.

Then listen again to check.
1. How can I ..................................................................................... you?
2. I’d like to know how much a ......................................................... bus 4e. Practise the dialogue with your partner. Sit back to
ticket to Coquimbo is. back or directly on the phone. Then record it to listen
and correct your pronunciation.
3. Well, at what time would you like to .................................................
the bus? And where are you ...................................................... from? 5a. Martin is now going on a bus trip to
Valdivia. Look at the following table and
4. I’m leaving from Santiago. Which is the .......................................... compare bus schedules and prices with your
bus? I would like to get there before 12 a.m. partner.
5. Sure. The first bus leaves at 6 a.m. from platform 34 and it arrives at Example: The earliest bus from Santiago to Valdivia takes too long
but it’s cheaper.
11.45 a.m. Would you like to ............................................. this ticket
leaves arrives cost ( in pesos)
now? It is the ............................................. one.
The earliest bus from 4:45 a.m. 5:55 p.m.
6. Yes, please. I would like to pay by ..................................................... Santiago to Valdivia 53,000
Please send me the link.
The last bus from Valdivia next day
10:25 p.m. 9:35 a.m. 67,000
to Santiago
Functional Language: buying tickets The earliest saver return Stgo-Valdivia
Complete these sentences and practise them with your partner. from Santiago to Valdivia 5:50 a.m. 6:55 p.m.
Valdivia-Stgo 98,000
I’d like to know ...........................................................................
8:00 p.m. 7:00 a.m.
How much is ............................................................................. ?
I'd prefer to ................................................................................ 5b. Decide which is Martin’s best option and say why.
1a. Look at the photos of UNESCO World Heritage sites in Chile and the UK. Read the descriptions below and write
the numbers on each of the photos. Use the Internet and your classmates to find out more about the sites if you
haven´t heard of them before.
1b. Talk with a partner about these sites. What do you
know about them?
What are they? Where are they? Have you ever been to any of them?
Would you like to go? Why? Why not?
Example: Canterbury Cathedral is an enormous building made of stone
built many years ago when there was no modern technology.
It has a lot of history, I’d love to visit it. How about you?
1c. Choose four sites and give your opinion to your

partner. Use the following adjectives and remember to
use negative words also.
(un)interesting - beautiful - amazing - boring - (un)forgettable

surprising - (un)important - (un)pleasant - (un)believable
disappointing - charming - wonderful
Example: I think Stonehenge is really surprising. It is unbelievable that

people built it more than 5000 years ago. What do you think?
1d. Compare three sites from each country.

Use: (not) as …. as….
Example: In my opinion, Hadrian’s Wall is not as long as the Qhapaq
Ñan Andean road and is more interesting also. What about
……. and …..?
2a. You want to go to Concepción for the weekend, and

you are trying to buy a plane ticket. Your partner works
for the airline. Make some notes about what time you
1. Multi-coloured and cultural historical city with a port and funiculars. want to leave/come back. Your partner must make notes
about what time planes leave and come back (check real
2. Stonehenge, a prehistoric monument in the south of England.
timetables on the Internet).
3. Blaenavon, old mining village in Wales.
4. Sewell, old mining town in Machalí, near Rancagua.
5. Qhapaq Ñan, the Andean Inca road that crosses several South
American countries.
6. Moai statues from Rapa Nui island.
7. Hadrian’s wall marks the frontier of the Roman Empire.
8. Canterbury Cathedral and surrounding city in the district of Kent.
9. Humberstone and Santa Laura, old and abandoned saltpetre towns.
10. Bath is a historic city founded by the Romans as a thermal spa.
2b. Act out your dialogue. Make sure you use the correct
functional language. Then swap roles and choose
11. San Francisco church in Castro, Chiloé island.
12. The Botallack old tin mine entrance on the Cornwall coast. another city to go to.
Unit 4 - Communication 73
1a. Predict some facts about the article you are about to 1e. Use the words you found to write sentences.
read.
How many types of penguins are there? Where do they live? Have you
ever seen a penguin? If you have, where? When?
1b. Read the following article and check your predictions.

Were they correct? Have you learnt something new? What? Tell your
partner. 2a. Look at the pictures. Have you ever heard of these
places? Do you know anything about them? Find them
on a map.
Birds that cannot fly
Huacachina, Perú
“They swam like fish and
made noises like horses.
They were birds that could
not fly”. In 1498, Portuguese
traveller Vasco de Gama
was surprised to see these
animals so far from land, It is a green oasis in the middle of desert sands in the Ica area. It is
in the Atlantic Ocean. They famous for the amateur sport of sandboarding (people literally ski down
were penguins. the dunes) which started right here.
There are 18 species of Huacachina is an artificially built resort, and the reason why people live
penguins in the world here is very pragmatic – a lot of money and benefits from tourism. But
today. Two of these live in that does not ruin the beauty of this amazing oasis at all!
Antarctica, the Emperor and
the Adelie, but the rest live in Kandovan, Irán
the southern oceans.
Penguins spend much of their time in the ocean and they possess
white fronts and black backs for protection. They have short wings
and tails and big feet to swim in the water. Some penguins have
different colours on their heads and walk strangely because of their
body shape. Penguins are uncomfortable walking on land because
of their shape but they are very good swimmers. Penguins stopped This city’s residents live in cave houses, similar to giant anthills or
flying about fifty million years ago and began living in the water and termite houses. Some of these cave houses are about 700 years old,
so their body changed to adapt. Now they move very easily in the and that is pretty spectacular when you think about it!
water and are very good at diving. The first inhabitants settled here after escaping from the Mongol
Adapted from “Green Planet” by Christine Landop conquerors in the 13th century, and despite tough living conditions
people are still living here and even have a few modern-life benefits as
1c. Match the first and second part of these sentences.
well, including electricity and Internet!
1. Vasco de Gama said… a different colour on their back 3b. Read the texts carefully and compare these places.
and front. Example: I believe Huacachina is not as old as Kandovan because
I see ...
2. Penguins adapted to swimming… “they make noises like horses”.
3. Most of the penguins live in… fifty million years ago.
4. Penguins have as protection… the southern seas.
1d. Read the text again and underline the following

words you find in the text:
•an adjective about feelings and one with a prefix.
•a sentence describing a past memory.
1a. Match an adjective with its opposite from the box. 1d. Complete these sentences with a positive or negative
word from the list.
beautiful/pretty - impressive - safe - boring - talented
expensive - noisy - high - narrow - modern (un)safe - (un) important - fear(less) - (un)impressive
(un)talented - (un)successful - (mis)understood - (in)expensive
1. low ___________________________________ 6. ordinary ____________________________ (un)popular - (un)pleasant
2. dangerous ___________________________ 7. interesting ________________________

1. The songs they sang were awful! I don’t think they’re
3. ugly ___________________________________ 8. traditional __________________________ ………………………..………..
4. cheap ________________________________ 9. inept ________________________________
2. The question was ………………………..……….. so we had only five
5. wide __________________________________ 10. quiet _______________________________ minutes to answer.
1b. Complete the table with the adjectives in comparative 3. It’s a massive volcano in the middle of the ocean. Very
and superlative form. ………………………..………..
adjective comparative superlative 4. Living conditions were ………………………..………..; there were many
high higher the highest dangers.
5. To do skydiving you need to be ………………………..………..; I’m not

beautiful brave enough to do it!
tall 6. Politicians are very ………………..................…………. at the moment.
7. It was a ………………………………….. trip, we arrived on time to see

famous the show.
long 8. The air tickets were ………………………………….. There was a special

offer on Black Monday.
good 9. The hotel was good and the people were very polite. It was a very
…………………… stay.
interesting
10. I’m sorry you …………………………………. me. Next time I won't phone
you, I’ll write a Whatsapp with the time.
large
2. Create a short dialogue with your partner to buy a bus
ticket on the phone. Write your questions below.
1c. Choose two adjectives in the comparative form and Ask about : time it leaves / arrives - service on board - special offer -
two in the superlative form to write sentences. price - payment

3. Make sentences to compare. Use the words in the box 4b. Write two sentences that are true for you about your
and the examples as a guide. feelings. Choose from the list of adjectives below.
Example: I was as surprised as you were by the news!
The Atacama Desert is the most amazing place I´ve ever depressed/depressing - disappointed/disappointing
seen! embarrassed/ embarrassing - confused/ confusing
short - traditional - ordinary - famous - interesting - surprised surprised/ surprising
large - amazing - beautiful - annoyed
1.
2.
4c. Now write two sentences about a situation you
experienced. Choose from the same list of adjectives.
3.
4.
5. 5a. Complete the crossword with the words from our

natural world.
wildlife - waterfall - scenery - sunshine - island - mountain range
6. field - village -rainforest - bay
7.
I
4a. Complete each sentence with the correct option. C O U N T R Y S I D E
Example: He was a terrible speaker. I was ..bored.. after 15 minutes. L
(bored/ boring)
A
1. It was a very ...........…………......………….. day; I went to bed at 9 p.m.
N
(tired/ tiring)
D
2. Everyone’s ...........……….…………….. about the news of the new mall.
(excited/ exciting)
3. I don’t like watching ...........…….........……………….. films on my own.

(depressed/ depressing)
5b. Think of a place you would like to visit and write
4. She was ...........……………….........…….. at her excellent exam results. a paragraph about it. Use as many words from the
(amazed/ amazing) crossword as possible.
5. I’m very ...........………...…………….. in innovative technology gadgets.

(interested/ interesting)
6. It was a very ……………...........………………… situation. Everybody was

talking, nobody was listening. (annoyed / annoying)
7. As usual, I felt ………………...…………………….. when I had to explain

what happened to the policeman. (embarrassed / embarrassing)
1. Look at the pictures and describe them. Then compare 2a. Think of a natural or man-made place you visited and
the two. would like to recommend to your friends.
Where is it? How can you get there? What can you do there? Why is it
interesting?
2b. Write an entry for your own travel blog of about 80

words. Use a range of -ed and -ing adjectives.
You must include:
Example: In picture 1 there are two dolphins swimming in the ocean
and in picture 2 I see corals and small fish. The sea in •Adjectives to describe the place (including adjectives with affixes)
picture 1 is as blue as the the sea in picture 2.
•How you felt.
Check Unit 4
I can …
1. ... describe and compare natural places and man-made places.
2. ... retell past travel experiences.
3. ... compare climates and living conditions.
4. ... compare experiences and express feelings about travelling.
5. ... write descriptions of places.
6. ... buy transportation tickets and read timetables.
7. ... talk about agricultural production.
Unit 4 - Test Yourself 77

Notes
78
Notes
79
5
Unit
Unit 5: IT’S A JUNGLE OUT THERE
OBJECTIVES:
• describe and compare information from a table.
• describe the weather and climate.
• understand, ask and give directions.
• talk about probable and improbable hypothetical situations.
80 Unit 5
Unit 5 - Lesson 13: The Best Of Both Worlds
When in Rome…
I will be able to:
• describe basic statistical information.

• make comparisons and express degrees of difference.
• make probable assumptions using hypothetical situations.
1a. Match the countries in the box with the

flags.
Brazil - Sweden - Australia - France - Germany - Spain

the USA - Argentina - Venezuela - Canada
1d. Work with a partner. Student A look at page 92 and

Student B look at page 93. Tell each other the number of
Chileans living in each country.
• Where do most Chileans live?
Country Number of Chileans
Argentina 191,147
1b. Look at the numbers in the box. How do you say

them?
21.4% - 1,037,346 - 854,167 - 466,643 - 2005 - 570,703
1c. Read about Chileans living abroad according to 1e. Check your answer.
information published in January 2018. Put the numbers
from the box in the gaps.
Vocabulary: to emphasise differences
How many Chileans are living abroad these days? According to the
a lot + more/less much / many slightly + more/less
results of a study carried out by the National Institute of Statistics far + fewer + more/less slightly + fewer
1,037,346
(INE in Spanish), there are .............................. (1) Chileans living
Circle the correct option.
abroad, with .............................. (2) of them being born in Chile, 1. There are (a lot / slightly) more Chileans living in Spain than in
while .............................. (3) were born with one or both parents who Germany.
2. Slightly more / fewer Chileans live in Venezuela than in Germany.
were originally from Chile. The number of Chileans living abroad has
•Which sentence means there is a great amount of difference?
increased by .............................. (4) compared to the past study carried •Which sentence means there is a small amount of difference?
out in ............................ (5) where there were ............................ (6)
1f. Talk with your partner about the information above.
Use the phrases from the box to compare.
Chileans living abroad. The most popular reasons for going to live
abroad have also changed during the last few decades. Example: There are far fewer Chileans in the USA than in Argentina.
Adapted from:
https://www.fmdos.cl/noticias/extranjero-paises-viven-mas-chilenos/ For further practice go to page 92.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy
2d. Now listen again and complete the missing
information for each country.
2e. Read about two people interested in working and

travelling. Which opportunity would be best for them?
Why? Discuss with your partner.
Daniela (22) has just finished studying at university to be a food
technician and wants to improve her English before she starts her career.
Last summer she worked as a waitress in a restaurant in La Serena. She
would like to travel to an English-speaking country and work.
Francisco (26) has a degree in graphic design. He has been working at
an advertising agency since he graduated and has done some freelance
work. He dreams of starting his own company but needs more experience
in business management. He has a good level of English.
2a. What can you see in the pictures? Describe 2f. Daniela and Francisco are interested in going to
them with your partner. Where were these work and travel in Canada or New Zealand. In the box
photographs taken? Who are the people? are some places where they might want to apply for a
What are they doing? job. With a partner think of jobs and other vocabulary
connected to those places.
2b. Have you ever thought about living abroad for a
summer or a year? Do you know anybody who has spent ski resort restaurant advertising organic farm biology
some time abroad working and travelling? agency laboratory
babysitter dishwasher software expert chemical
2c. Listen to an agent talking about working holidays designer fruit picker technician
in two different countries. Which countries does she
mention? What other information can you add?
a. Country: ______________________________________________
Age: ...............................................
Duration: ...............................................
Types of Jobs:
Working Holiday: There are many jobs in the hospitality and tourism
industries, especially at ...............................................
Young Professional: Find work to help you with ......................................
.............................................................................................
International Co-op: Internships or work placement for .........................
............................................................................................................
Did You Know…?
b. Country: ______________________________________________ Google Maps Trekker
Age: ...............................................
Want to hike and walk in places all over the world that cars can’t
Duration: ............................................... easily access? Places like Hawaii, the Grand Canyon, jungles, and
Types of Jobs: more? Want to hike those places while wearing a giant camera on
There are many jobs in agriculture, restaurants, offices, construction,
your back? Perfect! Google hires you to do just that! Or you can be
a street view driver!
etc. as well as volunteer work, .............................................................. Taken from: https://www.lifehack.org/350675/15-weird-jobs-around-the-world-that-you-have-
never-heard
..............................................................., or an internship in your field.
In two minds
3d. Daniela has some questions about the jobs. With
your partner write three questions she may have about
the jobs.
1.
2.
3.
3a. Look at the photos and talk with a partner. Grammar: first conditional
What verb form goes in the gaps? Look at the example to help you.
• Which jobs could you do in these places? Examples: If Daniela goes to Canada she will learn to ski.
If + ________________ + will ______________________________________
• Have you ever done any of the jobs before?
Circle the options that complete the rule for the sentence above.
• Which ones would you like to do? This sentence is about something that (happened / may probably
happen) in the (past / present / future).
3b. Read about the two jobs Daniela has found. Which do
you think she prefers? Why? Discuss this with a partner. What is the negative of will? ________________________________________
Where does will go when you want to ask a question?
Before / After the subject.
Company: The Tavern Restaurant
Location: Whangamata Beach, New Zealand
Whangamata was recently voted as the best beach in NZ! Summer is

nearly here so we are looking for enthusiastic and hardworking staff 3e. Complete these sentences with the appropriate form
to work in our small restaurant on the beach. of the verbs in brackets.
Positions available are: receptionists, servers, cooks, and dishwashers. 1. If you ………………. (speak) English, you ………………. (get) a good job.
2. If you ……………….. (have) a good job, you …..………………. (be) happy.

Company: Mountain Home Resort
Location: Banff, Canada 3. If Camila ………………… (save) enough money, she …………………….
(travel) to Europe.
The Rocky Mountains are famous for spectacular nature and excellent
ski conditions. We are preparing for the ski season this year with a 4. If Dennis ……………. (go) to Russia for a week, he ……………………..
lot of jobs available in our hotels and restaurants such as baristas, (learn - neg) the language.
bartenders, servers, day care assistants, and room attendants.
5. …………………. you …………………. (visit) the Tower of London if you
3c. Finish the sentences using words/phrases from the …………………. (have) time?
box. 6. ……………… Emma and Chris ………………….. (buy) their tickets if they
……………………. (know - neg) the exact dates?
learn to ski - hate the weather - improve her English - work hard
meet a lot of people - have a lot of free time - love the weather 7. Elizabeth ............................. (be - neg) very pleased if you
............................... (can - neg / come) to her birthday party.
a. If Daniela goes to work near the beach in New Zealand she will…. 8. I .............................. (go) camping with my family this weekend if the
weather .............................. (be) good.
b. If Daniela goes to work in the mountains in Canada she will… 9. If I ............................ (start) working this month, I .............................
(see) you at the weekend.
Unit 5 - Lesson 14: Make Yourself At Home
Starting afresh
I will be able to:
1a. Match the cities (Washington D.C,
Edinburgh, Sydney) with the correct pictures
below. Talk to your partner about what you • discuss improbable and hypothetical situations.
know about these cities. Ask your other • talk about dangerous situations and safety recommendations.
classmates if they have been there.
1f. What would Carolina, Andrés and Roberto change if
they could? Write their name next to statements (1-3).
1. _______________ I would like to go back more often if I had the chance.

2. _______________ If I could, I would like to live a bit nearer to the office.
3. _______________ We would enjoy Scotland more if winters weren't so long.
1g. Do they mention real situations or are they probable

situations?
1b. Look at the pictures of the people. Where do you Grammar: second conditional
think they are from?
Look at their statements in 1f. again. How probable are these
statements?
• Does Carolina live close to her office?
• Will Carolina live closer to her office in the future ?
Which part of the phrase is the hypothetical situation?
Which part of the phrase is the result of this situation?
1h. Complete these sentences with your information. Use

positive or negative forms.
Name: Carolina Name: Andrés Name: Roberto
From: _____________________ From: _____________________ From: _____________________ 1. If I …………………… (have) a scholarship, I ………………………. (study)
abroad.
Now living in: Now living in: Now living in:
2. If I …………………. (visit) Edinburgh, I……………………………….. (go) to
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
the International Art Festival in August.
1c. Listen to the interviews and check your answers to 1b. 3. If I …………………. (work) in Canada, it ……………………………….. (be)
Where are they living now? Complete the information. in Quebec because they speak French.
1d. Talk to your partner about which of these things you For further practice go to pages 92 and 93.
think might be difficult about living in a foreign country.

2a. Work with a partner. What equipment
• accommodation • friends would you take if you went on a hiking trip in
• food • family November? Make a list of your survival kit.
• language • work
Example: binoculars, first aid kit, torch ... Go to page 124 to help you
1e. Listen to Carolina and Andrés. What was difficult for complete your list.
them when they first started living abroad?
Carolina:
Andrés:
taught her, that following a river would eventually lead to civilisation.
After nine days, she found a motor boat near a shelter. At this point
she had insect bites that were infected. Again, remembering her
father’s advice, she used petrol from the boat to clean the infected
insect bites. She was later rescued and taken by helicopter to
Pucallpa, where her father was waiting. She later found out her
mother had initially survived the crash but died from her injuries
several days later.
* secure to the seat with strong material like a belt.
On April 26 2003, Aron Ralston

was hiking alone in Utah, USA.
While he was going down a narrow
canyon, a giant rock moved and
crushed** his right hand against
the canyon wall. Aron had not told
2b. What do you see in the pictures? Share ideas with a
anyone where he had gone, nor
partner. did he have a mobile phone with
• Have you ever visited places like these? him, but he had brought a small
• What could be dangerous about these places? amount of food and water. He
• What can you do to avoid problems if you are there? first tried to break the rock, but
after three days without success
2c. Work with a partner. Look at the key words for stories he prepared to amputate his arm.
1 and 2 and talk about what you think they are about. However, he realised that his tools
were insufficient to cut through the bones. On the fifth day he ran
Story 1 Story 2 out of food and water and did not expect to survive. He videotaped
his last goodbyes to his family. He woke up the next day and found
aeroplane hiking alone
that his arm had begun to decompose. He was able to break some
thunderstorm big rock
bones in his arm and then amputate it, freeing him from the rock.
jungle tools
He then climbed out of the canyon and walked to his car. On the way
injuries broken arm
he met a family who gave him food and water and contacted the
father’s advice family
authorities. Aron survived because he was lucky to be rescued only
shelter authorities
four hours after amputating his arm.
2d. Student A read the story about Juliane and Student
** pressed tightly between the rock and canyon wall .
B read about Aron.

2e. Use the key words from exercise 3b. to tell the story
to your partner.
Juliane Koepcke was a high
school student studying in
3. Talk to your partner about what you would
do in these situations.
Lima, intending to become
a zoologist, like her parents.
On December 24 1971,
she and her mother flew to 1. You are swimming in the ocean near a beach in Australia. You see a
Pucallpa, Perú, to meet her shark.
father, who was working 2. You are staying at a hotel. In the middle of the night you wake up and
there. The aeroplane was smell smoke.
struck by lightning during a
3. You are climbing and get your foot stuck between two rocks.
thunderstorm and broke up
in the air. Juliane fell to earth 4. You are in a foreign country and are bitten by an insect.
still strapped* into her seat. 5. You are hiking alone in the dark and have no torch.
She survived the fall with only
a few injuries. She looked for her mother but was unsuccessful. She 6. You are driving your car and there is a big thunderstorm.
walked along a small river using the survival principle her father had For further practice go to page 93.
On the safe side
4. If someone accidentally ate some poison, should they:
a. drink a lot of water?
b. call emergency services to get advice?
c. vomit?
Tips For Learning:

A dictionary is a very important learning tool. Use it to look up the
4a. Where would you see these signs? Write meaning of a word, its collocations, hear its pronunciation, check all
the letter in the box. its grammatical information, find out how to use it and many other
possibilities.
a. in a restaurant b. on a beach c. in a building d. in a forest What does the dictionary say about the words in bold in activity 4b.
4d. Write three questions to ask a partner. What would

he/she do in the above situations?
Example: A: What would you do if you were cooking and the frying
pan caught fire?
B: If the frying pan …………………………………, I
would ………………………
4e. Work with a partner and think of some

recommendations and rules that are important in the
4b. Look at the four pictures above – where would these following situations.
events happen? Have you ever been involved in any of
these events? Discuss with your partner.
receiving a tsunami warning
visiting a construction site - using a phone while driving
4c. Read the questions below. Then ask them to your being on the beach for many hours
partner. Circle your partner's answer.
1. You are cooking, and your shirt catches fire. Do you: Example: You shouldn't use your phone while driving. If you need to,
a. run quickly out of the kitchen? use a hands-free device.
b. take off your shirt? 4f. Imagine you have a British friend coming to Chile. Send
c. stop, drop and roll?
a message with the most important recommendations
2. You are staying in a hotel at the beach. You’ve just heard on TV that to prepare him/her if there is an earthquake during their
there is a tsunami warning in your area. Do you: stay.
a. pack your bags?
b. call the hotel reception?
c. leave the hotel and go to higher ground?
3. What should you do during an earthquake when you are at home?
a. Run outside as quickly as possible.
b. Drop to the floor and get under a table.
c. Go to the nearest window.
Unit 5 - Lesson 15: When All Else Fails
Where the streets have no name
I will be able to:
• ask and give directions.

• describe and compare the weather and climate.
• compare accommodation and make enquiries about services.
2a. Match the vocabulary in the box with the

pictures.
1a. Use the questions to talk with your

partner about getting lost.
• Have you ever been lost? If yes, what did you do?
• Do you use Google maps or another map app? If yes, when?
• Do you sometimes ask someone on the street for directions?
1b. Complete these sentences with an appropriate word.

1. Go ………………………………………………...……………… Moneda street.
2. You’ll see the museum ……………………………………………….. your left.
3. When you arrive ………………………………………………..... the museum.
4. Turn right ………………………………………………...…… the traffic lights.
5. The museum is next ………………………………………………. the hospital.
6. The supermarket is in front ……………………………………… the hospital.

take the second left - next to - go past - turn right - go straight on
1c. Listen to someone asking for directions in the street. opposite - take the second right - turn left
Where do they want to go? Write your notes here: at the corner - at the traffic lights
2b. A friend of yours has invited you to a party at their

flat. Read the directions and fill in the gaps with words
1d. Listen again and fill in the gaps. from the vocabulary box. Use a map on your mobile
A: Excuse me ...............................…. you tell me ...............................… phone to help you find the building in Santiago.
Take the Metro to Patronato station on Line 2. Leave the station on
to get to the Pre-Colombian Museum?
the east side of Av. Recoleta. ……………………………………. along
B: Of course. ...............................…. along Avenida Bernardo O’Higgins
Sta. Filomena. ……………………………………. Iglesia San Jorge, then
for two blocks. .................................................…. La Moneda and
……………………………………. on Loreto. It’s the tall building on the left.
...............................…. on Morandé. Continue for four blocks, then
…………………....……… on Merced and go one more block. You’ll see 2c. Sit back to back with your partner. Your partner will
the museum ………...……………………. of Merced and Bandera street. explain how to arrive to his house from where you are
now. Draw the map as you hear your partner give you
A: Thank you. directions. Afterwards, show your map to your partner
B: Not at all. Enjoy the museum! to see if it's correct. Then swap roles.
As right as rain
1 2 3
4 5 6
3a. What do the pictures say about the weather in the UK? What do you know about it? Have you ever
been there? Ask your classmates if they have ever been to the UK. What can they say about the weather
in the different seasons?
3b. Read the article to see if you were correct about English weather. Did you learn anything new? If so, what?
How to survive the weather in the UK
Generally, the weather in the UK is not so extreme, but it is unpredictable. It can rain at any time of the year whether it is the middle of summer or
winter. That’s why everyone carries an umbrella. You may experience warm sunshine, rain and strong wind just in one afternoon. In summer the
temperature usually ranges from 12 - 24 degrees, although occasionally it can get hotter. In winter it might get down to 0 degrees, but usually it’s
between 2 – 7 degrees. However, most houses, buildings, trains, buses, etc. have good heating, so it’s usually cosy inside.
3c. What do the words in red in the text mean? Discuss 3e. Is the weather in the UK similar to somewhere in
the question with your partner, then use these words to Chile? If so, where and when? Discuss with your partner
make sentences. and then share your conclusions with other classmates.
4a. Read about the weather and climate in

Vocabulary: describing weather South Africa.
Which of the words below can you use to describe the pictures (1-
6) above? Then fill in the chart with the missing adjectives, nouns, There are four distinct seasons. Summer lasts from November to January
and verbs. and winter from June to August. It usually rains during the summer.
adjectives noun verb The average high temperature in summer is around 28°C and in winter
18°C.
rainy
snow 4b. Work with a partner and compare information from
X
foggy the UK and South Africa.
cloud • Which country is the coldest/warmest?
windy • Are there any similarities/differences? What are they?
sun / sunshine
icy
4c. Describe the weather in a region in Chile using the
language from the previous texts. Don’t mention the
name. Now, your partner has to guess.
3d. Fill the gaps with words from the table.
1. It’s a ……………………………........................................................ day.
2. Is it ...………………........................................................ outside now?
3. The ……………..……........................................... rises in the morning.
4. I hate it when it …………………........... because I don’t like getting wet!
5. The ……………..……........................ is usually stronger near the coast.
Have a roof over your head
5a. Match the types of student accommodation 6a. María José wants to know about the
with the pictures. studio. Write two questions that you think
she will ask?
a. a shared flat b. halls of residence c. a studio
1.
5b. Discuss with a partner. Which accommodation looks
the most comfortable? 2.
• How many rooms can you see in each accommodation? Which are 6b. María José calls the agency to ask about the studio.
they? Listen to her conversation. What information does she
• What furniture can you see? want to know? Write your notes here:
5c. Read about the positive and negative aspects to

consider if you rent one of the places.
• If you were a student, which one would you choose? Why? Discuss
with your partner. 6c. Work in pairs. A is María José and B lives in the shared
flat. María José calls to ask questions about the flat. B
A private studio flat
+ answers.
• close to tube station
(£200 per week) • furnished
A: María José B: Student living in shared flat
-
• small
• lonely • cost of electricity and other • about £20 per month for
services electricity and other services
A single room in +
halls of residence • social activities • distance to tube station • 10-minute walk to tube station
-
(£200 per week) • not many available M. José: _______________________________________________________________________________
• shared kitchen
+ Student: ______________________________________________________________________________
A private room in • other students from same university
a shared flat with - M. José: _______________________________________________________________________________
three other students • far from university
(£150 per week) • electricity, gas, Internet not included in price Student: ______________________________________________________________________________
M. José: _______________________________________________________________________________
5d. Read about María José. Which place would you
recommend? Why? Student: ______________________________________________________________________________
María José is 30 years old and from La Serena. She won a scholarship M. José: _______________________________________________________________________________
to study a master’s degree at a university in London. She wants to find a
place to live before she starts her course. Student: ______________________________________________________________________________
1a. Imagine you are flying in an aeroplane which has just made an emergency landing in a remote area, far from
any airport or town. You have all survived but one person in your group has a broken leg. No one knows in which
direction the nearest town is. What would you do? Discuss with your partner.
1b. Now write down three probable situations based on the circumstances above:
Example: If we carry the man with the broken leg, we will be able to look for help.
1.
2.
3.
1c. You finally reach the nearest town and find a waiter at the café so you ask him for directions to get to the hospital.
Use the map and act out the dialogue between you and the waiter.
2a. Read about a new leisure centre the city council is planning to build in your area and the two possible locations.
2b. Discuss with your partner the positive and negative points about the leisure centre and each location. Then
choose the best and agree on changes or additions to the plan.
Location A Location B
The leisure centre will have a gym, The leisure centre will be located next
swimming pool, multipurpose room to a large park. The centre will have a
with a table tennis table, and a small small gym and a multipurpose room.
playground outside. There are many Outside there will be a basketball
shops and restaurants nearby. There court, a football pitch and a large
won’t be any parking available, but playground. A car park for 40 cars
there is a Metro station and many bus will be available and one bus stop.
stops. The nearest Metro station is about
one kilometre away. There are mostly
houses in the area with only a few
small shops.
90 Unit 5- Communication
1a. Work with a partner. Choose a country. You have one minute to write as many things as you know about it -
geographical features, language, weather, climate, history, culture, sport, famous people, etc.
For example: Chile – long country, South America, capital – Santiago, speak Spanish, etc.
1b. You have five minutes to expand your notes into sentences.
For example: Chile is a long, narrow country in South America. The capital is Santiago. It has many different kinds of climates .......
1c. Each pair passes their country description to another group. Add two more sentences.
1d. The description is complete once it has passed round all the groups and comes back to you and your partner.
Check the sentences, grammar and spelling, and then read it out to the rest of the class.
2a. Read the following text about places to visit in Chile. Do you know where they are? Can you place them on a
map? Have you ever been there?
Amazing landscapes in Chile

that you’ve probably never heard of.
Chile has a lot of beautiful landscapes beyond the iconic
regions of Patagonia, Atacama and the Elqui Valley. Our local
writer picked two not so famous places to visit. Why not try
Caleta Cóndor? This incredibly white beach is hidden in an
indigenous reserve of the Huilliche community who, with the
help of the World Wildlife Fund, have been developing tourism
infrastructure along the coastline. Tourism is very new here
and homestays are the only real alternative to camping. Each
February the area is host to one of the world’s most remote
arts festivals, Festival Nomade, which draws free-thinkers
from near and far.
Another option is the enormous forest of ancient araucaria
trees in Conguillío National Park. It is one of the last
places on Earth that looks the same as when the dinosaurs
lived on this planet. The BBC series Walking with Dinosaurs
used Conguillío’s “living fossils”, which date back to
the Mesozoic Age, for its computer-generated creations.
The park’s highlight is the 3,000-metre Llaima volcano, a
conical peak whose last major eruption in 2009 left behind
a landscape covered in lava.
Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2017/jan/03/10-best-places-to-visit-southern-chile-santiago-
national-parks
2b. Work with a partner. Close your books and see how much you can remember.
2c. Project Work. In small groups, choose different places. Write instructions on how to get there, accommodation,
meals and recommendations or advice to visit these places. Present it to the rest of the class. Make your notes here.
Unit 5- Consolidation 91
1a. Read the information about reasons why Chileans 3. Put the words in order to make a sentence or questions.
left the country to live abroad. Example: I / you / go / If / , / want / can /.
If you want, I can go.
Reasons 1990 2000 2010
Better labour opportunities 27.9% 21.9% 17.1% 1. know / station / where / I’d / is / bus / like / the / to.
Political reasons 1.4% 0.4% 0.8%
To study 7.2% 13.4% 21.3%
2. me / station / tell / you / Metro / is / Could / where / the / ?
For family reasons 26.8% 20.4% 14.1%
Better safety conditions 2.3% 3.6% 4.1%
Better quality of life 15.4% 16.2% 13.6% 3. like / would / the / know / you / about / more / to / flat / ?
To learn another language 3.1% 4.9% 7.9%
Desire to live in another country 6.6% 10.2% 12.7% 4. Canada / go / will / in / cold / to / winter / If / be / you / it.
Other 9.3% 8.9% 8.3%
adapted from: Segundo Registro INE-DICOEX 2016
5. have / in / umbrella / Santiago / have / in / don’t / to / you / an
1b. Correct the mistakes about the information in the / summer.
sentences.
a. Slightly fewer people left Chile for family reasons than political 6. bike / If / cold / wouldn’t / I / it / in / had / very / a / I / use /
reasons in 1990. weather.
b. Many more Chileans went to live abroad in 1990 than in 2010
because they wanted to learn a language.
c. In 2000 the most common reason to live abroad was for better 7. many / in / There / than / are / more the / the / south / north /
quality of life. inhabitants / in.
1c. Write five sentences comparing information in the

table.
4. Read the dialogue. Choose the best option (A, B or C)
for the spaces.
Example: A lot more people left the country to find a better job in
1990 than in 2010.
Man: ........................................ (1) tell me how to get to the bus station?
Woman: Of course, first ............................................................. (2)
the Metro to Central Station. Go along the High Street for two blocks.
............................... (3) right on Broad Street and ............................. (4)
the leisure centre. The bus station is ............................................ (5)
There is a big supermarket ........................................... (6) it.
Man: Thank you.
2. Read the descriptions and complete the word. 1. A. Where B. Please C. Could you
2. A. take B. go C. get on
a. There are so many clouds that you cannot F_ _ _ _ 3. A. Go B. Move C. Turn
see. 4. A. move along B. go past C. opposite
5. A. on the corner B. in the corner C. on the side
b. A place where you can do winter sports. S__ ______ 6. A. along B. in the side C. next to
c. An activity where you walk in the mountains H_____
or countryside. Page 81 - activity 1e. student A
d. The energy we use for lights and machines. E__________ Country Number of Chileans
e. A flat with only one room. S_____ 1 Argentina 191,147
f. A place to live (a house or flat) or stay when A____________ 3 Spain 68,130
on holiday (hotel). 5 Canada 26,795
g. The general topic of rain, sunshine, wind, W______ 7 Brazil 15,432
and temperature. 9 Germany 12,958
5. Choose five jobs from the list below and write a 7. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the
description of what they do. verb to make hypothetical situations.
receptionist - hotel porter - server - dishwasher - cook - baristas had
If she ……………….. (have) more money, she’d travel more.
bartender - cleaner - promoter - room attendant - fruit packer
1. You wouldn’t have so many accidents if you ……………….. (drive) more
farm worker - lab technician - assistant designer
carefully.
1. 2. What would you do if you ……………… (find) a wallet on the street?
3. A lot of health problems could be prevented if people ………….. (eat)
better.
2.
4. There would be less pollution if there .................... (be) far fewer cars.
5. If Sharon caught a fish tomorrow, we………………........……….. (eat) it.
3. 6. If I……… (be) you, I wouldn’t go to that party. It sounds dangerous.
7. If it ……………….. (rain) in the Sahara desert, we would be shocked.
4. 8. You live in the green townhouse opposite the
supermarket and there is a lorry going past your front
door. Your friend has just visited the park and artificial
5. lake and wants to walk to your house. Send him/her a
text message giving directions on how to get there.
6. Choose a country and a holiday job you would like to

do. Write an email asking some questions about the job.
Put the following expressions in order and then write your email.
Also, could you please tell me… / Kind regards, / Dear …. / If you
have a position, I will …. / I would like more information about …
Page 81 - activity 1e. student B
Country Number of Chileans

2 The USA 96,444
4 Sweden 28,072
6 Australia 24,938
8 France 14,291
For further practice go to page 124 10 Venezuela 12,037
1. Read the signs. Which option correctly describes the sign?
a. You shouldn’t walk in the forest. a. You have to wear special glasses in the a. You mustn’t walk across the train tracks
b. You shouldn’t drive on the pavement. area. at any time.
c. Bears often walk across the road. b. You must close your eyes in the area. b. It is a two-way track.
c. People without glasses can enter. c. The trains stop when the gates are down.
2. You are going to design a brochure for a beautiful natural place that you like to visit often (e.g. a park, a beach, a
forest). Use the following bullet points that need to be included in your brochure:
•A short description of the place,

comparing statistics of other
places and one second conditional
sentence.
•A description of the climate of that
place.
•An explanation of how to get there.
•A few rules of the place.
•What to do in case of emergency
(using one first conditional
sentence).
Check Unit 5
I can …
1. … describe basic statistical information.
2. … make comparisons and express degrees of difference.
3. … make assumptions using hypothetical situations.
4. … express wishes and desires.
5. … discuss improbable and hypothetical situations.
6. … talk about dangerous situations.
7. … describe and compare the weather and climate.
8. … ask and give directions.
9. … make enquiries in a polite and formal way.
94 Unit 5- Test Yourself

Notes
95
Notes
96
6
Unit
Unit 6: A WHALE OF A TIME
OBJECTIVES
• ask for and give information and opinions about leisure activities and the media.
• express preferences, likes and dislikes.
• make and respond to offers, suggestions and invitations.
• express and respond to gratitude.
• make and respond to apologies and excuses.
Unit 6 97
Unit 6 - Lesson 16: Chilling Out
Square-eyed
I will be able to:
• ask for and give information and opinions about my free time.
• make suggestions, excuses, and confirm plans.
• use connectors to express ideas.
2a. Listen to a conversation between two

friends. Mabel is a Chilean woman who is
living in London for three months and taking
an intensive English course. Rose is English
1a. Below are some opinions about having
and lives in London with her husband and
a TV in the bedroom. Which are in favour?
children.
Which are against? Write the opinions in the
table. Can you think of any other reasons for •What do they talk about? Discuss your ideas with a partner.
or against that you can add to the table?
2b. Read the questions below and listen to the
conversation again. Mark the correct answers.
It helps me to sleep.
It’s ugly. 1. Rose says that in the evenings she used to like (tick all the correct
It stops my partner options):
and me from talking. a. Going out c. Staying at home
I can b. Eating out d. Seeing other people
It’s great for watch TV
2. What do you think Rose means when she talks about a ‘black box’?
relaxing in comfort.
a. A radio c. A DVD player
b. A TV d. Something else: __________________
It keeps me awake. 3. Mabel says she can’t meet Rose on Monday because she:
a. needs to make something c. wants to work
b. has to work d. wants to work out
To have a TV in your bedroom… or not? 4 . When and where do Mabel and Rose agree to meet?
Time and day: _______________________________
Reasons for Reasons against Location: _______________________________
2c. Put the following expressions from the conversation

in order:
______ a. What about Tuesday?
______ b. …… let’s meet for coffee next week
______ c. Perfect, see you then.
______ d. …….Thanks, I’d love to do that. Shall we meet on Monday at 5?
______ e. I’m afraid I can’t make Monday….
Which sentences make suggestions?
Which sentence expresses an excuse?
1b. Talk with your partner about these questions below, Which sentence confirms plans?
then share your answers with the rest of the class.
2d. Have a conversation with your partner similar to the
•How many TVs do you have in your home? Do you have one in your one above. Use the audio script at the back of the book
bedroom? Are you happy with your ‘TV situation’? Why/Why not? to check vocabulary and expressions.
98 Unit 6- Lesson 16
Like watching paint dry
3a. Look at the pictures below. What ideas come to your mind when you look at them? Which picture do
you like best? Why? Talk to a partner about your ideas.
1 2 3 4 5
3b. Report your partner’s favourite picture to the rest of
the class and give his/her reasons. Boredom is Good for You
Example: My partner said that ….. because ……….…….. Boredom has been linked to behaviour problems including bad
driving, too much snacking, and drinking. In fact, many of us prefer
3c. Read the list of possible situations when you might pain to boredom. One team of psychologists discovered that two-
feel bored during a typical week. Add one more, then ask thirds of men and a quarter of women preferred electric shocks to
two classmates. Put a tick (√) for every positive answer.

sitting alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes.
Academics are recognising that by encouraging contemplation,
Situations You 1 2 3 boredom can stimulate creativity. In a well-known study, participants
Standing in a queue: had plenty of time to complete problem-solving exercises. Once
for the bus / at the supermarket participants found all the obvious answers, they started looking
In a work meeting for more and more creative answers to reduce boredom. Child
psychologists and many parents now believe that it is especially
In a traffic jam important that children should regularly have times when they may
feel bored.
Some also believe boredom can also be a key to noticing things that
3d. Share your answers with a partner and discuss which are truly wonderful, like a beautiful sunset or a kind smile.
situation has the most ticks (√). Why? Boredom—especially in this digital age—is something we should
recover. We could look for opportunities to pause and invite boredom
4a. You are going to read an article related in order to help us see the real world around us. So, the next time
to free time. What reasons do you think the you’re in a queue or on a bus, stop, take a deep breath, look around,
article gives for boredom being good for relax your shoulders, and simply be. You might be surprised by the
you? Talk with your partner. Then read the inspiration that can come from practising mindfulness instead of
article and check to see if your reasons were using Whatsapp, checking Facebook or playing Candy Crush.
mentioned in the text. Adapted from: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/make-
timefor-boredom/524514/
4b. The words in the box below appear in the article you
will read. Tick (√) the words you know the meaning of.
4d. Talk to a partner about the article.
Check the meaning of the other words in the text after
reading on page 126. •How much of the article can you remember without looking at the text?
behaviour - provided - queue - relax - encouraging •Do you agree or disagree with the writer?
two-thirds - mindfulness
4f. Now answer these questions with your partner.
4c. Now read the article carefully. What does the article 1. In the first paragraph what do 'two-thirds' and ‘one quarter’ refer to?
invite you to do? 2. In the second paragraph what do the psychologists and most parents
agree with?
3.In the third paragraph, what advice is given instead of using your
phone?
In my humble opinion
5a. Talk with your partner about your personal Grammar: linking words
opinions.
Fill in the spaces below with one of these linking words, and then
• When do you think it is important to express your opinion? listen to check your answers: Although - but - even if - Unless
• What do you have strong opinions about? Who do you express them 1. ……………………… we base our opinions and decisions on properly
to? checked facts and information, they have no meaning.
2. My son, Jack, is only 14, ……………………… he thinks in a very
5b. You are going to listen to mature way.
four people – David, Sebastián, 3. It can be hard for me to change opinions when my emotions are involved,
Susan and Josefa – talking ……………………… people show me reasons why I’m wrong!
about themselves, or people 4. ……………………… it’s important to be open-minded, we also need
they know, and how they form to think independently and critically.
their opinions. Who describes a. Which two words indicate a contrast?
somebody who… b. Which word indicates except if?
1. has balanced opinions? …………….............………………….
c. Which word indicates whether or not something happens?
d. How would you say these words in Spanish?
2. is inflexible? ………………….................................……………. Check Grammar Reference for more information. For further practice go to page 110.
3. is very rational? ………….........................…………………….
4. has changed their mind about social issues? 6a. Choose three of these questions to ask
............................................................………………………………. your partner. Add one question of your own.
5. is a little embarrassed about how they make decisions?

1. What are your TV-watching habits? What do you like to watch? Why?
………......................................………………………. When?
6. they admire? ………………….................................…………….
2. Do you watch TV on your own or with your family? Do you watch TV in
your room? Why?
3. How do you feel about being bored? Are there times in your day when
you are usually bored? Do you like it or run from it?
David Sebastían 4. Can boredom become a positive experience with creative strategies
in your opinion? How?
5.
Susan Josefa
5c. Talk to a partner about how you form your opinions. 6b. Prepare to interview your partner. Write your notes
Are you emotional or rational? Do you like to be below and remember to use linking words when you
informed? Do you follow the crowd? What about your answer his/her questions.
friends and family?
5d. When do you like to express your opinion? Complete
the Grammar box first and then write an answer to this
question using linking words.

Unit 6 - Lesson 17: Busy As A Bee
Having a good time
I will be able to:
1a. How do you like to spend your spare time?
Underline any of the activities below that you • express my habits and preferences about how to spend my
enjoy. free time.
• express my preferences for staying in touch on social media.
• talk about and give information about cultural events.
2a. Do you use a messaging service like

Whatsapp or Facebook Messenger to
communicate with your friends, family or
colleagues? Discuss with your partner.
•Why? Why not? / How do you stay in contact? / Which services do
you prefer?
2b. On page 98, activity 2a., you heard a conversation

between two friends, Mabel and Rose. They agreed to
•Are there any activities you don’t do, but would like to take up? Put a meet for coffee to discuss plans to go out together one
(*) next to these. evening.
•There’s a space at the end of the list for you to add activities that you •Read the new messages between them on Rose’s phone below. What
do or would like to take up. is the conversation about? What do Rose and Mabel agree to do?
Discuss your answers with the class.
keeping fit - going to the gym - playing video games - gardening
DIY - reading - eating out - sewing - spending time with my family
Hey Mabel! How are you? I’m afraid I can’t make
knitting - playing chess - painting - drawing - cooking coffee today. Have a meeting at work
going to the mall / shopping playing / watching (a sport) That’s OK. Wanna meet tmrw at same time?
going clubbing / dancing hiking / jogging
going to a bar/the pub collecting (objects) Hmmm…. was thinking. I can get cheap tickets through
work for a play called The Ferryman directed by Sam
playing/learning (a musical instrument) Mendes. Would you like to come with me on Fri? It’s
supposed to be v good.
hanging out with / meeting up with friends
going to the theatre / cinema / ballet / opera / concerts / art Sam Mendes? He directed some James Bond
galleries films! What time?
others: ............................................................................ Starts at 8. Let’s go for an early supper first? Could

meet at Fat Sam’s at 6:30?
1b. Talk to a partner about your answers to 1a. Ask your
partner questions about the activities he/she underlined. Finish class at 6 so sounds perfect! I’m always hungry
after class
Examples: Which gym do you go to? / Who taught you to knit? /
When did you take up gardening? See you then!
Functional Language: expressing likes/dislikes Yes, great! Thanks xx
What do all of these expressions have in common? Look at the

examples below. Do we usually use to or -ing when expressing 2c. Work with your partner. Look at the underlined
words. What do they mean? Which words are missing
likes or dislikes?
from some of the sentences? Why do you think this is?
Example: I really enjoy sewing. / I hate going to the gym. / Jack’s
keen on gardening. 2d. Now have a Whatsapp conversation with your
partner in the same style as above.
Out in the West End
Grammar: the passive voice
Sentences 2, 3 and 5 in activity 3c. are in the passive. Here are
some more examples:
Active Passive
An English player coaches the team. The team is coached by an English player.
My grandmother knitted my jumper. My jumper was knitted by my
grandmother.
3a. You are going to hear a conversation
Sam Mendes directed Skyfall and Skyfall and Spectre were directed by Sam
between Mabel and Rose as they come out of Spectre. Mendes.
the theatre. Do you think they liked the play? Look at the passive examples carefully to help you complete this
Tell your partner what you think. sentence:
3b. Listen to the conversation once. What did Mabel and The passive is formed by using the verb ............................................
Rose talk about? Were your predictions right? and the .............................................
To indicate who did the action, use the preposition ........................ .
3c. Listen to the conversation again. Are the statements
below true (T), false (F) or does the audio not say (DS)? Negatives and questions are formed in the same way as in
sentences with the verb to be.
1. Mabel was able to understand all of the play. T / F / DS Examples: That play wasn’t written by Shakespeare.
Are the clothes made here?
2. The play was well received by the critics. T / F / DS
3. The play was written by Shakespeare. T / F / DS Complete these sentences with the correct passive form.
1. They make many films in Bollywood, India.
4. Rose and Mabel thought the main actor was very T / F / DS
convincing. Many films ……………………… in Bollywood, India.
2. Chopin didn’t write "The Magic Flute".
5. Jack was chosen for the school football team last T / F / DS "The Magic Flute" ……………………… by Chopin.
year.
3. Does that restaurant serve Thai food?
6. It’s too late for Rose to plant vegetables on her T / F / DS ……. Thai food ………………… in that restaurant?
allotment. 4. They released the last film of The Avengers in 2019.
7. Mabel has been keen on gardening since she moved to T / F / DS The last film of The Avengers ………………… in 2019.
her new home.

Vocabulary: Allotments
4. Think of a cultural event you have enjoyed
Allotments are pieces or plots of land that are rented for growing such as a film, a show, a concert, or an art
plants privately. In the UK, local authorities are legally obliged exhibition. Talk to your partner about it. Use
to provide these plots at a ‘reasonable price’. Especially during these questions as a guide.
World War II, much of the fresh fruit and vegetables eaten by the
poor came from allotments. 1. What was it about? ______________________________________________________________
2. Did you go with anybody? ______________________________________________________
3. When and where was it? ______________________________________________________
4. Do you know who it was created/ written/ directed/ performed by?
(Use your phone to look up any information you don't know).
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What aspects of it did you like? Why? _______________________________________

6. Were there any aspects you didn’t like? _____________________________________
Have you ever heard of allotments? What is their name in Spanish? _______________________________________________________________________________________

Green fingers
growing their own food, looking after their environment, and eating
Did You Know…? healthily, as well as enjoying being outdoors and working with others.
The project is popular with local people and also used for school trips.
Nature Prescriptions
The food produced from the plot sells / is sold (4) at the local market
Did you know that since October 2018, doctors in Scotland have on Saturdays.
been authorised to prescribe patients certain amounts of time to However, perhaps the most surprising project in Santiago is that in
spend in nature each week? This decision is based on the findings La Pintana, an area of the city that is more typically associated with
of a number of studies which have shown that spending time in poverty. Here the Environmental Management Board (Dirección de
nature, for example in a quiet park, a forest or at the beach, can Gestión Ambiental) aims to make better use of local resources and has
help reduce blood pressure, anxiety, and increase happiness for recognised / has been recognised (5) nationally and internationally for
those with diabetes, a mental illness, stress, heart disease, and its successful principles of inclusion, decentralisation and participation.
many other medical conditions. One area that the project focuses on is that of encouraging and
Adapted from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/doctors-in-scotland-can-now teaching local people how to use even small areas of land to grow their
own food. Another area is the recycling of vegetable and animal oils,
which collected / are collected (6) by the local authorities from homes,
5a. Read the information above. What do
restaurants, ‘sopaipilla’ sellers, and so on, and used to make biodiesel.
you think about it? Share your opinion By 2014, more than 25% of the local authority trucks fuelled / were
with a partner. Would you like to try this fuelled (7) in this way.
prescription? If so, where would you go?
Adapted from: https://www.eldefinido.cl/actualidad/pais/9736/
https://www.eldefinido.cl/actualidad/pais/2741/
5b. Have you ever grown any plants? Indoors or outdoors?
Talk with your classmates about your experiences.
5c. Now skim the article below, checking the title before
you read. What is it about? What does it mean to make
Santiago greener? Discuss with your partner.
5d. Match the words in red (A-G) from the text with their
definitions (1-7). Use the context to help you.
A. disused 1. a type of vehicle for transporting goods

B. unemployed 2. not used
C. healthily 3. outside
D. outdoors 4. tries
E. poverty 5. in a way that is good for your health
F. aims 6. not having enough money; being poor
G. trucks 7. without a job
5f. With your partner talk about the following questions
and add two questions of your own.
5e. Read the article again very carefully and circle the
correct form of the verbs in italics (active or passive form). 1. Did you know about these projects before reading the article? Do
you know of any other similar projects where you live?
Urban Vegetable Plots Are Making Santiago Greener
2. Have you ever participated in any projects that help your
People living in Santiago are using their own hands to make Santiago neighbourhood in any way? Why? Why not?
greener. A number of urban agricultural projects help / are helped (1) 3. What would you prefer to do for two hours on a Saturday afternoon:
local people to take over disused land areas to create not only vegetable knitting, gardening or listen to classical music?
plots but also happier, friendlier neighbours.
One important project is based in La Reina. Supported by the local 4.
authorities, ‘Huertas Urbanas’ started 16 years ago. The volunteers
who make / are made (2) the project possible vary in age from 18 to
80 and come from all sectors of society - students, unemployed people, 5.
non-professional workers and professionals. The project aims / is
aimed (3) to provide communal spaces where people can learn about

Unit 6 - Lesson 18: Staying In Touch
Just for laughs
I will be able to:
• make and respond to offers, suggestions and invitations.
• express and respond to thanks.
• make and respond to apologies and excuses.
• express my opinions about humour and the news.
1a. Did you know that in English the final part
of a joke is called the ‘punch line’? The jokes
below (on the left) have lost their punch lines My ......................................................................!(2)
(on the right) – can you match them?
What are you doing later today?
Not sure, why?

A. If you drop a white hat into the 1. Yes sir, you are a taxi.
Red Sea, what does it become?
Henry’s away in Manchester for work this week. Do
B. Two fish are in a tank. One says 2. Now… I’m not so sure. you want to go to the cinema with me and the kids
to the other, this evening? You were a big hit with them with the
chocolate cake. We’re gonna see The Incredibles 2.
C. Can you please call me a taxi? 3. ‘Do you know how to drive this
They want you to come too.
thing?’
D. Customer: Waiter, I saw your 4. Wet. Awww, thank you, .................................................. (3)
thumb in my soup when you were Where shall..........................................................? (4)
carrying it.
Oh no! Just remembered – I have an assignment for
E. I used to be indecisive. 5. Waiter: That’s OK, it wasn’t my English class to do!! Sorry!
hot.
Don’t worry. ......................................................... (5)
1b. With a partner, practise saying the jokes. Did you Thursday?
find any of them funny? Do you know any other jokes in
Spanish that you can translate? Yes
1c. Talk to a partner about their sense of humour. You can ........................................................... (6) at the Odeon
use some of the questions below or your own questions. then at 7:45. Film starts at 8. I’ll buy the tickets on-line.
1. What or who makes you laugh? Friends, family, TV shows, comedians, .......................................................... (7) the popcorn!
comics…? See you then!
2. Do you like sharing jokes or memes on social media? Why? Why not? ............................................................ (8) to it.
If so, what media do you use? Who do you share them with?
3. Are you good at remembering jokes?
2b. Read the conversation again carefully and complete
2a. Below are some messages from Mabel’s the gaps with the following phrases:
phone between her and Rose. What are they I’d love to - so much for remembering - we meet - how about
about? Discuss your ideas with your class. I’ll buy - looking forward - pleasure - let’s meet
Hi Mabel, here’s the link for the vocabulary games site 2c. Discuss with your partner. Which phrases: express
I told you my French friend recommended for studying thanks? make an offer? make a suggestion? make an
invitation?
English: https://www.vocabulary.com/
Looks really helpful - I’ll share it with my classmates!

Thank you .............................................................. (1) 2d. Practise your pronunciation by reading the messages
with your partner: one is Rose, one is Mabel.
104 Unit 6- Lesson 18

So to speak
3a. Mabel and Rose are planning to meet at the cinema, but Mabel is going to be late. She phones Rose
to tell her. Listen to the conversation. Why is she going to be late? What two things do they agree to do?
3b. Listen to the conversation again. Tick (√) the expressions below that they use in the conversation.
You’re
I’m sorry… Do you want to… ? Shall we… welcome! Not a problem!
I’d love to!
Thank you (so/ Let’s… Don’t worry!

It’s my
very much) for… pleasure! Would you
I’m afraid… I really appreciate… like to… ?
Why don’t... ? That’d be
great!
3c. What types of function does each expression serve? Write them in the appropriate categories in the table. Some
expressions can go in more than one category.
•For the expressions that finish with ‘…’ add an example of how you could finish the sentence.
Expressing gratitude Responding Making an offer Giving an invitation Accepting an offer Making an apology Accepting an
to gratitude or suggestion or invitation apology
3d. What do these two expressions mean? When would you use them? I’m glad that… I’m looking forward to…
4a. Work with a partner to create a telephone conversation between two friends. In your conversation,
include:
• An agreement to do something together (What? When? Where?)

• An apology
• Vocabulary you are less familiar with from the activities above. Look at the previous Whatsapp conversations to help you.
This is a telephone conversation between ........................ (name) and ........................................ (name) who are (colleagues? sisters? old
friends? etc.) ........................................ .
4b. When you have finished, practise your conversation.

Keeping up to date
6b. What’s the title of the story you are going to read?
Make a note of it here:
6c. When you have read the article once to understand
the main idea, choose 3-5 words that you are not sure of
and look them up in a dictionary. Make your notes here:
5a. Talk with a partner about your news habits.
Do you like to keep up to date? If so, how do Word from article Meaning
you normally do so?
5b. Ask your classmates: Can you find somebody in your

class who answers yes for these questions?
Who…
Classmate’s name
1. often catches up with the news while on
public transport?
2. watches the news most nights on TV?
3. mostly listens to the news on the radio?
4. sometimes buys a newspaper from a kiosk?
6d. Read the article again carefully. Tell your partner
5. reads or watches the news in English? about your article and ask him/her questions about the
6. doesn’t do any of these things? article he/she read.
•What did you understand?
Tips For Learning: The News in English •Did you find it interesting? Why (not)?
•Would you want to read a news story like this again in your own time?
Regularly reading and listening to English outside of the Why (not)?
classroom can be very helpful for improving your English.
News in Levels (https://www.newsinlevels.com/level/level-1/#) 6e. Write a summary of your article in about 100 words.
Include information about what happened, when, where,
is a website that gives short news stories in English. Each story is
why, who, etc.
given three times, in different levels of English.
Do you have any other apps or websites you like that you use or
activities that you like to do to improve your English? Share them
with your classmates.
6a. You are going to find and read a news

story in English. First, find a story on the
Internet you think you would enjoy reading.
If you wish, you can use one of these options
to find news articles in English.
• Check News in Levels (see the box ‘the News in English’).

• Typical British news sites: BBC, The Guardian, The Telegraph, The
Times.
• Typical North American news sites: CNN, NBC, Fox, The New York
6f. When you have finished, swap summaries with a
partner. Can you help them improve their summary?
Times
• Google keys words in English from a current news story you are
familiar with, e.g. Winter Olympics, Korea.
1a. How do you feel about…? Indicate how you feel 3a. How are the people in the photos spending their free
about the activities below. For each answer, write the time? Discuss your answers with a partner.
number of points in each column.
love/really enjoy (7) - like/enjoy (6) - don’t mind it (5) - would like
to try it (4) - dislike (3) - hate (2) - would not like to try it (1)
Me My My Total
classmate classmate
____________ ____________ ____________ 1 2
sewing
painting
hiking
keeping fit
gardening
3 4
going to the opera
playing an instrument
DIY
playing chess
1b. Interview two classmates. Enter the points they give

each activity in your table. 5 6
1c. Add up the points you have for each activity. Which
is the least/most popular? Write a paragraph about what
you found out. Use two linking words.
7 8
3b. Write three sentences about the people in the photos

and how they feel about the activity they are doing. You
can invent a name for the people!
2. Write a brief Whatsapp conversation with a friend Example: Picture (2): (Mike) really doesn’t like listening to classical
of yours. Include an invitation and an apology. music but his girlfriend loves it so they went to a concert.
Picture ______: ________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Picture ______: ________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Picture ______: ________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3c. Without showing your sentences to your partner,

read them aloud to him/her. He/She should guess which
picture you wrote about.
Unit 6- Communication 107
1a. Which of the sentences below are connected to the estimated that 3.4 billion disposable plastic bags are used each year
pictures? How? in Chile, a country with a population of around 18 million inhabitants.
Some of these bags are recycled but most are not. Plastic bags like these
can last up to 400 years before they are decomposed. But in 2019,
Chile became the first country in South America to ban disposable
plastic bags.
Taken from: www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-46139180
2b. Now read again and write the answers to these

1b. Write the sentences below (1-8) in the passive voice. questions.
A: Active voice B: Passive voice 1. What has the Chilean government done?
1. The tiger was watching Daniel.

2. How many disposable plastic bags are used by Chileans every year?
2. The robber heard the little boy.
3. Daniel was watching the tiger.

3a. You’re going to listen to the first half
of a radio interview. In the interview,
4. John lent my mother some money. Peter Browning talks about a charity,
YouthOutdoors, and the findings from a
5. Jackie will always love Michael. survey the charity has done. Listen to the
interview and then talk to a partner about
what you understood.
6. The little boy heard the robber.
3b. Now listen to the whole interview. Make some notes
7. Michael will always love Jackie. to answer the following questions. When the interview
has finished, write your answers below using full
sentences.
8. My mother lent John some money.
Example: When was YouthOutdoors started?
YouthOutdoors is quite new. It only began in 2016.
1c. Now work with a partner. One of you is person A 1. How many young people answered the survey?
and the other person B. A covers column B and B covers
column A.
A reads a sentence and B should find the sentence with 2. Where were the young people most likely to spend their free time?
the same meaning in column B.
• Time how long it takes to match the sentences using a telephone. 3. Who was more likely to socialise online during their free time?
Example: The boy hugged Sam. = Sam was hugged by the boy.
4. Why does Peter Browning say the findings of the survey are worrying?
1d. With your partner, swap roles. Time yourselves again
using the telephone. How much more quickly can you
do it?
2a. Read the news summary from December 2018. Look

5. Why has a new website been created?
at the title. What does ban mean? Read the article very
quickly to find out.
Chile bans the use of plastic bags

6. What is the new website address?
Plastic waste is created by people and industries all around the world
and causes substantial problems for the environment. In 2018, it was
1a. Indicate if the verb should be active or passive for 2b. Check with your partners and the teacher.
each sentence:
Example: The film produced / was produced by Pato Guzmán. 3. Fill in the gaps in the sentences using the passive
1. The class photo will take / will be taken by a professional
of the verbs indicated. Choose an appropriate tense
photographer. for each sentence (sometimes more than one option
is possible).
2. Monet painted / was painted his garden several times in different
colours. is cleaned
Example: The metro ........................................................................... (clean) every day.
3. The children are going to visit / are going to be visited their
grandmother. 1. His designs ....................................................................................... (wear) by celebrities
on red carpet occasions.
4. Excellent wine produces / is produced in Chile.
5. He has gone to the ‘Registro Civil’ because his ID card has stolen / 2. That Facebook account ................................................................... (close) last year.
has been stolen. 3. The joke ........................................................................... (share) thousands of times.
6. La Moneda designed / was designed by an Italian architect, Joaquín
Toesca. 4. You ........................................................................... (not tag) in this photo.
7. ‘Vaca sagrada’ and ‘El cuarto mundo’ wrote / were written by Diamela 5. Her books ...................................................... (read) by millions of young people.
Eltit.
6. His film .................................................................... (not/receive) well by the critics.
1b. Next to each item above, write down which tense
was used:
7. That review ........................................................................... (write) by my favourite
theatre critic.
present simple / past simple / future with will / future with going to /
present perfect 8. The latest series of the competition .............................................. (not/watch)
by as many people as last year’s.
2a. Complete the table with the active and passive forms
of the verbs for the tenses and pronouns indicated. 9. I’m afraid that the bicycle you wanted ......................................................... (sell).
Tense Verb Active Passive

Example: 4. Put the words in order to make the questions and
Present Call I call I am called then answer them.
Make* It It Example: in Chile? grown sugar Is beet
Watch Is sugar beet grown in Chile? Yes, it is.
They They
Teach* We We 1. England in copper Is produced?
Write* It It
Past Invent I It
simple Produce They They 2. species? an Are pumas endangered
Buy* They They
Steal* She It
Design I It 3. in President re-elected the ? Was Board the meeting
Present Direct She She
perfect Read* They They
Wear* She It 4. Potter’ been in the published Have Harry novels Spanish?
Play I It
Future Receive You You
with will
Sell* We It 5. by Cup be one World Chile won Will day? the
Eat* They They
* Watch out! The past participles of these verbs are irregular.

5. Look at the dialogue below in the table. It is in the 7a. Can you find the words below?
wrong order. Write the numbers (1-10) to put it into the (up down across and diagonally )
right order. Then write down the function of the words leisure joke drawing sew
in italics next to each sentence. Use pages 98 and 104 to entertaining art gallery ballet up to date
help you. boredom news musical chess
Statements N° Function share theatre cinema gardening
relax DIY knit jogging
Shall we meeet at 6? 6
Great, thanks! I haven’t seen you in ages! L O G S C R V G G G B Y
Yes I know, would you like to go for a
coffee next week?
S E E N E I A T N N O M
Absolutely, the coffee was really good H W I L I L N I A I R L
there last time. What time? A E A S L W G E G N E A
Hey Chloe, how are you? 1
R X K E U G A N M I D C
Great, thank you. See you tomorrow! Expressing thanks
E M R O O R I R P A O I
Yes, that would be great. Shall we go to
the same place as before? W Y L J J N E X D T M S
Hey Roxy, I’m fine thanks, and you? E R T A E H T J O R S U
Perfect! See you then. Q S G D S S E H C E W M
I’m afraid I can’t at 6, I finish work at Excuse/apology G T R C F A K N I T E D
6:30. Let’s meet at 7?
B A L L E T R K L N N I
6. Write a linking word in the gaps below. For some, G U P T O D A T E E A Y
there can be more than one answer. Use each word at
least once. 7b. Choose two words from the word search and use them
to write two sentences in the space below. Remember
even if - although - unless - but a situation related to these words and mention your
feelings at that moment.
Example: We’ll work in the garden unless it rains.
Example: I remember I bought a DIY chair. The instructions weren’t clear
1. I was really hungry, ………………….. there wasn’t any food in the house. so I felt very frustrated after 2 hours' work!
2. ……………………… he was unemployed, he still managed to find a way
to make money.
3. ……………………… she aims every day to be happy, it is sometimes
still difficult for her.
4. I always go to the gym at the weekends ………...........…….. I’m tired.
5. We won’t go hiking ……………………….....................…. you feel better.
8. Answer the clues for vocabulary to do with social

interactions, then complete the crossword.
1 P
Example: You’re welcome = My PLEASURE! 2 L
1. I feel thankful that = I …. that 3 E
2. To say you are sorry for something = to … 4 A
3. Another way of saying: Shall we…? = ...
5S
4. He gave me an … to his party.
5. An apology: I’m … I’m late. 6 U
6. A proposal (of an idea) = a ... 7 R
7. I’m looking …. to 8 E
8. What a good idea! = ...
1. Read the following scenarios and write a sentence 2b. Write a similar short paragraph about an activity that
with what you could say if you…. you like doing. Include at least one passive sentence.
1. ... would like to ask somebody to go to the cinema with you.
2. ... have just broken your friend’s telephone.
3. ... are pleased to have an invitation to their party.
4. ... apologise for not returning somebody’s call before.
3. Write 100 words about the last birthday party you

went to. Whose birthday was being celebrated? How
5. ... suggest to a colleague that you could travel to a conference
together.
many presents were given? Where did it take place? Did
you enjoy it?
2a. Read the descriptions of people and what they like •Make sure that you include the passive voice when answering these
to do in their free time. Fill in the blank spaces using the questions. You must also include at least three connectors.
words below:
was taught – took – was fascinated – hiking – have been invited
loves – keen – was given – enjoy – DIY
was fascinated by watching his mother knit when
1. Although André ..........................
he was younger, she wouldn't teach him because she thought it
was a hobby for women. He ……………………… (2) it up when he was
an adult. He ……………………. (3) knitting when he’s watching TV
in the evenings with his girlfriend, even if she says he looks like a
grandmother!
2. Katherine’s always been very ………………………………..........….. (4)
on ………………………………. (5). She ………………………………….. (6)
to use tools by her grandfather, who was a carpenter. She is working
as a secretary at the moment, but she is studying furniture making
in the evenings. She ………………………………………… (7) her first
commission last month by a friend who wants her to make a large
kitchen table.
3. Frank and Diana have been married for 25 years, and they really
…………………………. (8) …………………………………. (9) together.
They used to go with their children in the Rockies and camp there
most summers. Recently, they ……………………………………….. (10)
by some friends to go walking and climbing in the Andes. They’re
counting the days until their trip!
Check Unit 6
I can …
1. ... ask for and give information about leisure activities.
2. ... express opinions and preferences on different topics.
3. ... make and respond to offers, suggestions and invitations, apologies and excuses.
4. ... express and respond to gratitude.
5. ... talk about free time activities and cultural events.
Unit 6 - Test Yourself 111

Notes
112
Notes
113
Irregular Verb List win won won
All forms are different
Infinitive Past Past Participle be was/were been
All forms are the same begin began begun
cost cost cost break broke broken
cut cut cut can could been able to
let let let choose chose chosen
put put put do did done
set set set draw drew drawn
Past simple and participle are the same drink drank drunk
bring brought brought drive drove driven
build built built eat ate eaten
buy bought bought fall fell fallen
dream dreamt dreamt forget forgot forgotten
feel felt felt give gave given
find found found go went gone
get got got/gotten US grow grew grown
have had had know knew known
hear heard heard lie lay lain
hold held held ring rang rung
keep kept kept rise rose risen
lead lead lead see saw seen
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned show showed shown
leave left left sing sang sung
lose lost lost speak spoke spoken
make made made swim swam swum
mean meant meant take took taken
meet met met wake woke woken
pay paid paid wear wore worn
read read read write wrote written
say said said Infinitive and past partciple are the same.
sell sold sold become became become
send sent sent come came come
sit sat sat run ran run
sleep slept slept
spell spelt spelt Spelling
spend spent spent Spelling British American
stand stood stood
-ogue / -og dialogue - catalogue dialog - catalog
teach taught taught
-our / -or colour - behaviour color - behavior
tell told told
think thought thought -ll / -l travelling - cancelled traveling - canceled
understand understood understood -re / -er theatre - metre theater - meter
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British / American everyday vocabulary
British American British American British American
autumn fall lift elevator single (ticket) one-way
bill (restaurant) check lorry truck shop store
biscuit cookie * mad crazy state school public school
block of flats apartment building main road highway starter appetizer
car park parking lot maize corn sweets candy
caravan trailer maths math taxi cab
chemist drugstore, pharmacy mobile phone cell phone tick check mark
chips fries, French fries motorbike motorcycle timetable schedule
cinema/film movies/movie motorway highway * tin can
crisps potato chips pavement sidewalk torch flashlight
crossroads intersection petrol gas, gasoline trousers pants
dustbin, rubbish bin garbage can, trash can post/box mail/box wardrobe closet
football soccer postcode zip code zebra crossing crosswalk
ground floor first floor public toilet rest room zip zipper
handbag purse railway railroad
* These words have the same meaning
high street main street return (ticket) round-trip in both countries.
holiday vacation rubber eraser Mad also means angry.
Consonants: sometimes they are voiced (with vibration), sometimes

they are unvoiced (without vibration)
Did you know that two consonants can produce the same sound, with
the only difference that one can be voiced and the other unvoiced?
Here is an exercise that helps you to feel the difference between voiced
consonants (blue on the chart) from unvoiced consonants (green on the
chart):
Touch your neck with your hand and pronounce first the /p/ sound and
then the /b/ sound: when saying the /b/ sound you will notice that your
voice box (or larynx) will produce a vibration but when saying the /p/
sound there is no vibration.
Phonemic chart
Vowels: sometimes they are long, sometimes they are short, sometimes
they move from one position to another. The first feature of vowels is the
time we spend to produce the sound: some vowels are short and some
are long. The long vowels have a double dot (:) in the chart.
sheep /’ʃi:p/ and ship /’ʃɪp/ good /’gʊd/ and moon /’mu:n/
Double vowels, also known as diphthongs, start with one sound and
finish with another:
ear /’ɪə/ train /’treɪn/
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Language focus Form
Unit 1 Grammar I / You / He / She / It / We / You / + used to + verb

They used to live in a flat. (now they live in a smart house)
She used to be healthy. (now she’s not)
1. Present perfect CAREFUL! With this used to there is no verb be. We CAN’T say: I am
Use used to have long hair.
•Result of an action in the past is important in the present. Negative Sentences
•Recently completed actions.
•Negatives are made with didn’t + use to + verb
•Actions beginning in the past and still continuing together with lately, CAREFUL! With the negative form it’s use and NOT used:
recently, yet. •I / You / He / She / It / We / They + did not ( didn’t) + use to + verb
Key Words They didn’t use to study at school.
She didn’t use to ride her bike. (but now she does)
just - yet - never - already - ever-so far - up to now - recently
Questions
since - for - lately
• YES/NO questions and short answers
Form Did you use to play tennis? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
•have/has + past participle * CAREFUL! With the question form it’s use and NOT used:
*past participle: • WH questions
Who did you use to work with?
•regular verbs: infinitive + -ed My cousin Pedro but now I work with my brother.
•irregular verbs: third column verb list. How did you use to keep in touch with people?
Letters and postcards, now it’s the Internet.
Digital communication has already become a reality.
My friends have recently graduated from university. a) Make an affirmative or negative sentence or a question using used
to + infinitive.
Negative Sentences
1) I …………………………………………………………. (live) in a flat when I
Negatives are made with have/has + not + third column verb list. was a child.
My boss hasn’t (has not) given me a pay rise yet.
They haven’t (have not) finished the project yet. 2) We …………………………………….…………….. (go) to the beach every
summer.
Questions
3) She …………………………………………...........…………. (love) eating
•YES/NO questions and short answers chocolate, but now she hates it.
Have you travelled to the USA this year?
Yes, I have 4) ………………………………………………........……….… (Noelle / smoke)?
No, I haven’t 5) The Martins ………………………………………. (play) tennis when they
•WH questions were at school.
What have you done?
Where have they gone for their holiday? 6) Sheila ………………………………………………… (speak) French, but she
Why has she left the party? has forgotten it all.
7) ……………………………………………….....…………. (Jonathan / play)
2. Used to golf every weekend?
Use
3. Future: Will & Going to
•For distant past actions that were a habit:
I used to play in the park. (but now I don’t)
•Repeated actions in the past: Will Going to
He used to smoke. (but now he doesn’t) Use
•States in the past which are no longer true:
They used to live in India. (but now they live in China). •Future actions happen without •An action in the near future
the speaker’s intention: that has already been planned
Key Words or prepared.
John will get married soon.
•Time expressions for used to •Predictions, assumptions: I’m (am) going to study harder
many years ago … - when I was a child … - when I finished college … - There will be intelligent houses next year.
while I went to school …. - when I lived in … - in my last job … in the future.
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•Spontaneous actions: •Prediction based on evidence. Nouns Verbs Adjectives
Wait a minute! I’ll (will) help The sky is very dark. It is going
to rain. telephone
you!
sign shout strong
Key Words
symbol ideal
in a year, next …, tomorrow in one year, next week, tomorrow,
I think, probably, may certainly, definitely gesture gossip expert
tell fluent
Form
silence say motivated
I / You / He / She / It / We / I, he, she, it / you, we, they
You / + will + infinitive connection nod
+ am / is / are + going to +
Watching TV will be a very infinitive message systematic
different experience in the I’m (am) going to travel to
future. Colombia next month. 2. Technology phrases and expressions
You’ll (will) get a bad mark if The sky is blue and the sun is
With verbs With adjectives
you don’t study. shining. It’s (it is) going to be a
beautiful day. look something up on Google high resolution
Negative Sentences browse a website intelligent machines
Negatives are made with won't •Negatives are made with be + send an attachment free shipping
(will not) not drag the picture into the doc solar power technology
•I / You / He / She / It / We / They He isn’t (is not) going to kiss her.
Kitchen technology won’t (will We aren’t (are not) going to go delete a document wind turbines
not) do the cooking for you. on holiday this year. boot up / start up a computer outdated technology
I’m not (am not) going to invite
you to the party. print out a document high-tech
back up information on a device technological device
Questions
file information in a cloud AI (artificial intelligence)
•YES / NO Questions •YES / NO Questions
Will people come to class next Are you going to study English?
What’s the difference? device / appliance /gadget
Friday? Yes, I am No, I’m not
A gadget is a small technological object that has a particular function,
Yes, they will. No, they won’t. •WH Questions.
Who is going to make the cake?
but is often thought of as a novelty and having a clever design.
•WH Questions. Example: mixed reality glasses, USB toys, activity-tracking watch, etc.
Where are you going to go for
Where will people travel in the
holidays this year?
future? An appliance is used especially for electrical objects like household
When are you going to pay the
What will you eat if you get
rent?
electrical goods.
hungry? Example: a cooker or washing machine
What is she going to do tonight?
I think it will be cold tomorrow.
A device is an object or machine that has been invented for a particular
purpose.
Example of an electronic device: smart home devices like controllers,
Unit 1 Vocabulary cameras, etc.
1. Communication
Complete the table with the following words: 3. Communication phrases and expressions.
speak - advertisement - shrug - practical - focused - posture Opinion

express an opinion good/poor opinion
Nouns Verbs Adjectives have an opinion personal opinion
news talk attentive form an opinion strong opinion
report chat online give an opinion general opinion
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Fact Unit 2 Grammar
check the facts fact or fiction? 1. Possessive pronouns
state the facts a true fact These pronouns help us show possession or ownership in a sentence.
deny a fact a well-known fact There are two types of possessive pronouns:
•The strong (or absolute) possessive pronouns are mine, yours, his,
explain a fact a basic fact
hers, its, ours, yours, and theirs. They refer back to a noun or noun
Conversation phrase already used, replacing it to avoid repetition:
have a one-to-one ... have a polite ... Example: I said that phone was mine. (NOT: I said that phone was my
phone).
hold/have a face-to-face ... have a long / short ...
get into ... have a formal / an informal ...
•The weak possessive pronouns (also called possessive adjectives) are
my, your, his, her, its, our, your, and their. They function as determiners
be deep in ... have an adult ... in front of a noun to describe who something belongs to:
Active listening Example: I said that’s my phone.
getting straight to the point read facial expressions When we want to use a pronoun to show possession, we cannot use
make eye contact listen with curiosity subject pronouns. Look at the two sentences below. Which is correct?
Example: This is my brother. He name is Alex.
have effective communication shrug (one’s) shoulders This is my brother. His name is Alex.
have poor communication pay attention to Note: Possessive pronouns help us to be more concise and use fewer
words when explaining the same idea.
Unit 1 Language in Context a) Look at the examples below and see if you can understand one
1. Talking about technology and communication sentence better than the other:
Effective communication is an important characteristic of healthy •Those are my Nike trainers. They are not your Nike trainers.
Those are my Nike trainers. They are not yours.
families. •I didn’t have my textbook for English class, so Brian lent me his
Communication includes paying attention to what other people are textbook.
saying and feeling. I didn’t have my textbook for English class, so Brian lent me his.
Communication is not just talking but really listening to others.
Generally, you will use possessive pronouns to talk about a person,
Speaking to someone in person can be very motivating.
place, or thing that has already been explained or mentioned. In the
Using the phone is beneficial if you want to discuss a subject and you
examples above, you can see that each idea was expressed in fewer
are far away.
words with a strong possessive pronoun.
Technology is helping us deal with the problem of pollution.
Now that you understand how they work, try using some of these
Smartphones have made our lives easier and sometimes lazier.
possessive pronouns in your own sentences. Here’s a reminder of the
possessive forms:
2. Giving opinions •Your cat is adorable, but not as adorable as ours.
I think it’s nicer to send a real card instead of an e-card. •My pen won’t work, can I borrow yours?
In my opinion, emailing is more convenient in business.
b) Now look at these and complete them with a possessive form:
In my opinion, instant messaging is more fun than calling. • His drawings were very good, but I liked .................... paintings better.
I think technology is important in life because it makes our lives easier. • My eyes are brown but ......................... are green.
Outdated technology is also important because it shows us how the
world used to be.
3. Asking and answering questions on factual and personal 2. Past simple

information
What do you think your life will be like in the future? / I think my life will Use
be better. •For both recent and distant past actions: I went to Talca.
Do you think face-to-face communication will disappear? / No, I don’t yesterday/five years ago.
think so. I think it will still be important. •Completed actions: He came home last night and now he’s sleeping.
What are the benefits of a smart home? •Something that happened in the past: We bought the house a long
Is shouting also a way of communicating something? time ago.
In 50 years from now, life will be very different.
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Key Words Idiom Meaning Example sentence
•Time expressions for past sport of origin
The adverb ago is used to say how long before the time of speaking at this stage in Nobody knows who is
at this time
something happened: the game going to win the election
I started going to the gym three weeks ago. at this stage in the game.
any sport
We had lunch a few minutes ago.
yesterday - the day before yesterday - three days ago - two weeks the ball is in it’s your decision Do you think I should
ago four months ago - last week - last month - last year - last your court or responsibility to accept the job offer?
Saturday tennis do something now Don’t ask me. The ball is in
your court now.
Form
get into full swing be comfortable It will probably take a
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / + verb in past tennis doing something month of working in my
( second column verb list) after some time new job before I get into
They lived in a flat in Concepción last year. the full swing of things.
She gave him a bike for his birthday.
hit below the belt do or say Amanda was hitting below
martial arts something that is the belt when she called
Negative Sentences
very unfair or cruel Adrian a terrible father.
• Negatives are made with didn't (did not) The children hold all the
hold all the aces expected to win or
I / You / He / She / It / We / They + did not (didn’t) + verb aces when they play
cards succeed
( first column verb list) the father-son baseball
They didn’t study for the test. tournament.
She didn’t use her phone in class.
Questions
Unit 2 Language in context
• YES/NO questions and short answers
Let’s talk about health. Some expressions that can help you sound
Did you finish your work?Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
more natural
• WH questions When you’re getting a cold, you say… I think I’m coming down with a
Who did you talk to? cold.
My friend Gustavo. I have a runny nose. / I have a sore throat. / It takes a week to get over
What technological device did you use as a teenager? the flu.
A Walkman. I’m alive and kicking. / You are what you eat. / I’m in good shape.
How did you keep in touch with people in the past? To feel or experience stress. / Sleep adequately.
Through letters and phone calls. Inhale deeply through your nose and exhale slowly through your mouth.
When did you last call your best friend? Get your mind off stress by thinking about something that makes you
I called her on Sunday.
happy.
I feel exhausted by work/studies/problems.
Good health is the best wealth.
Unit 2 Vocabulary Early to bed, early to rise, keeps a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
1. Phrasal verbs Some questions that may help you to keep up a conversation
Why is fast food or junk food bad for you? / What foods can help you
The ball’s in your court now. stay healthy?
Sports idioms generally originate from a specific sport such as baseball Why is it important to have health insurance?
or sailing. Over time these phrases have come to mean something that How often do you catch a cold? / Why is it important to wash your
can be used in everyday life. While most sports idioms can still be used hands?
when discussing sports, they are even more common in other areas of Are you feeling under the weather?
life, especially the business world. Are there some that are similar in What is the best way to deal with stress?
Spanish? Which ones? Do they mean the same? Try using some at work, Do you get stressed or anxious when you take a test?
school and social events. You will sound like a pro! Why is smoking unhealthy? / How can exercise improve your health?
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Unit 3 Grammar. but there is no auxiliary verb and the word
order is like an affirmative sentence.
1. Look and Seem to
When we describe someone or something from our own perspective, we
can use look and seem instead of ‘I think…’. In reported speech, the tenses, word order and pronouns may be
Example: You look beautiful today. different from those in the original sentence.
You seem to have lost weight! •The present simple tense (I travel) usually changes to the past simple
We use: (he travelled) in reported speech.
Seem(s) + verb phrase •The present continuous usually changes to the past continuous. (is
Look(s) + adjective or adverb eating to was eating)
NOTE: •The past simple tense (we lived) usually changes to the past perfect
you can also use seem + adjective.........in some cases (they had lived) in reported speech.
Example: You seem/look happy... •The present perfect tense (have always been) usually changes to the
past perfect tense (had always been).
2. Reported speech NOTE: It isn’t always necessary to change the tense. If something is still
true now we can use the present simple in the reported sentence.
Direct speech Reported speech Example: I still work in Italy. – He said he still works in Italy.
Use 3. Expressing Purpose (to)

What people say: More focused on the content of To express purpose (to answer why?), we use infinitive to:
Example: ’I work a lot’, he said. what someone said rather than Example: a. He went to the supermarket to get some milk.
their exact words. Why did he go to the supermarket?
Example: He said (that) he To get some milk.
worked a lot.
b. He bought a bike to go to work.
Key Words Why did he buy a bike?
To go to work.
Direct sentences expressed at He said … (that) …
that moment. She mentioned .. (that) …. We can also express purpose with in order to and in order not to:
They answered … (that) … Example: I walked to work in order to avoid the traffic jam.
I reported … (that) …. She spoke quietly in order not to disturb anybody.
They asked .….
or so as to and so as not to:
Form
Example: I walked to work so as to avoid the traffic jam.
a.‘My husband is working’, she a. She said (that) her husband She spoke quietly so as not to disturb anybody.
said. was working.
4. Expressing Cause (because)
b.‘We live in China now’, they b. They said (that) they lived in
said. To express reason (to answer why?), we use because:
China now.
c. ‘Run faster!’ she ordered. c. She ordered me to run faster. Example: a. We went to a restaurant because it was my birthday.
Why did you go to a restaurant?
Negative Sentences Because it was my birthday.
a.‘We don't like going to the a. They said (that) they didn't like b. I won’t go to the party because I have to work on
Saturday.
cinema’, they said. going to the cinema. Why won’t you go to the party?
b.‘I don’t know’, Michael b. Michael answered (that) he Because I have to work on Saturday.
didn’t know.
5. Expressing Result (so)
answered.
Questions To express result, we use ‘so’:
a.‘Do you like working in a. He asked me if I liked working in teams. Example: a. I got here late. It was a long journey, so I’m really tired
teams?’, he asked. b. She asked me whose bicycle that boy now.
b. He decided to move to a flat near his job, so he is never
b.‘Whose bicycle is was riding. late now.
that boy riding?’, she c. He asked me where the children went
asked. on Sunday. 6. So and that-clauses
c.‘Where do the children We use so + that to introduce clauses of reason and explanation:
go on Sunday?’, they When there is a question word (what,
where, why, who, when, how) we use that Example: He went on a diet so that he could feel better.
asked.
question word in the reported question
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Unit 3 Vocabulary Note: We generally add –er and –est to the end of shorter adjectives
and adverbs, almost always if they have only one syllable.
1. Neologisms CAREFUL with spelling: thin/thinner/thinnest – big/bigger/biggest.
Here are some other neologisms that are frequently used. You already If a one-syllable adjective ends in a single vowel letter followed by a
use: Google, app, among others. single consonant letter, the consonant letter is doubled.
404: Someone who knows nothing about a topic. From the World Wide
With many two-syllable words we use more/most or less / least to
Web error message 404 Not Found.
make comparative and superlative forms.
Noob: Someone who is new to an online community or game. Example: Is this exam more difficult?
Troll: An individual who posts aggressive, violent or rude comments to Is this the most difficult exam you have ever taken?
an online community. Two-syllable words ending in 'y'
Crowdsourcing: The activity of getting a large group of people to Example: happy - happier easy - easier / dreamy - dreamier/ sunny
contribute to a project or task, especially by using a website where - sunnier
people can make contributions; for example, online proofreading 2. Affixes: prefixes and suffixes
services. A lot of adjectives are closely related to nouns or verbs.
BFF: Stands for best friends forever. Used to state how close you are to Example: dangerous (danger - noun) talkative (talk - verb)
another individual. beautiful (beauty - noun) drinkable (drink - verb)
These adjectives will often have one of these endings or suffixes:
Unit 3 Language in Context -able
adorable obligatory
-ory
-al -some
paternal awesome
Talking about events in context: present and past events, cause and -ant -wise
ignorant likewise
effect. -ent -ive
different impressive
Read this brief text and then answer the questions below. -ist -ful
psychologist careful
This morning, while Pablo was driving to his office, he had a little -ous -ate
glorious fortunate
accident. Now he is in the hospital X-ray department. They are checking -less
fearless foggy
-y
his condition because he has a horrible pain in his right leg. We can attach prefixes to the beginning of some nouns or verbs, which
1. What happened to Pablo? (main event in the past) changes their meaning.
anti- de-
anti-war demotivate
un- inter-
unable international
2. What was he doing when that happened? (background action) disagree illegal
dis- il-
in- im-
invisible impossible
mis- extra-
misspell extraordinary
3. Where is he now? (present state) non- pre-
non-fiction pre-pay
pro- re-
proactive redo
4. What is happening? (present action in progress) 3. Past simple: revision
Answer these questions with your partner.
• Do we use the past simple for finished/unfinished actions?
5. Why is he in the X-ray department? (cause) • Do we usually add a suffix at the end of the verb to make it past?
Which one?
• Which auxiliary verb do we use for past questions? What happens to
the main verb in this case?
• Which auxiliary verb do we use for past negative sentences? What
Unit 4 Grammar happens to the main verb in the case?
4. Comparisons of equality and inequality: as….as
1. Comparatives and Superlatives We use as + adjectives/adverbs + as to make comparisons when the
Comparatives are adjectives and adverbs that end in –er (richer, bigger, things we are comparing are equal in some way:
faster)
Example: The weather this summer is as bad as last year. It hasn’t
Superlatives are adjectives and adverbs that end in –est (biggest, stopped raining for weeks.
fastest, richest)
We use not as + adjectives/adverbs + as to make comparisons when
Example: Ben plays well. In fact, he plays better than me but Thomas
is definitely the best in the group. the things we are comparing are not equal in some way:
Example: It isn’t as warm as it was yesterday.
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And for quantities we use as + quantity + adjective/adverb + as
Example: Are there as many volcanoes as in Chile?
Unit 5 Grammar
Sophie doesn’t earn as much money as Justin. 1. First Conditional
Note: We often use expressions of possibility or ability after as … as:
Use
Example: Can you come as soon as possible?
• Talk about a probable future situation and the consequence.
• When one situation must happen before the other one can happen.
5. Adjectives ending in –ed and –ing
a. -ed adjectives Key Words
Adjectives that end -ed describe emotions; they tell us how people feel If: If I go to Canada I will learn how to ski.
about something. Unless: I won’t go to New Zealand unless I get the visa.
I won’t go to New Zealand if I don’t get the visa.
Example: I was very bored in the cinema; the film was very long and
not interesting at all. Negative Sentences
He was feeling tired and depressed so he decided to watch a
film. If clause | conditional clause Conditional clause | if clause
b. -ing adjectives If + present simple + will + Will + infinitive + if + present
Adjectives that end -ing describe the thing that causes the emotion; a infinitive simple
If I go to Canada I I will learn how to ski if
boring lesson makes you feel bored. will learn how to ski. I go to Canada.
Example: Have you seen the news? The war in Iran is shocking. Poor If she goes to Canada She will learn how to
people! she will learn how to ski. ski if she goes to Canada.
I love his books. He’s one of the most interesting writers I’ve
found. • Will is often shortened to ’ll
Example: If I go to Canada I’ll learn how to ski.
She’ll learn how to ski If she goes to Canada.
Unit 4 Vocabulary Negative Sentences

• Negatives are made with won't (will not)
1. Vocabulary related to: I won’t learn how to ski if I get a job on the beach in New Zealand.
Questions
Nature Man Wild animals
Example: What will you do if you go to New Zealand?
ocean / sea / lake shelter owl or If you go to New Zealand what will you do?
cliff / peak harvest fox Example: What will he do if he goes to New Zealand?
or If he goes to New Zealand what will he do?
mountain range village seal
river / stream vineyard sea lion 2. Second Conditional
waterfall port penguin
Use
rain/forest / wood igloo ox/oxen
• Talk about a hypothetical future situation and consequence.
seaside / beach tent caribou • Talk about things that are not real or probable.
harbour / bay inhabitant polar bear Form
countryside / field farm whale If clause | conditional clause Conditional clause | if clause
If + past simple + would/could + Would/could + infinitive + if +
Unit 4 Language in context infinitive

If I lived in Japan I
would eat sushi every
past simple
I would eat sushi every
day if I lived in Japan.
When travelling, think of these expressions you might need day.
I think that… I guess that… I believe …
I’d like to know… Could you tell me…. NOTE:
• Do not use‘would can’. Use would(n’t) be able to or could(n’t)
How can I pay? Can I pay ……… ?
I would like some information about… Are there taxis here? Example: If I had a torch, I would be able to see at night.
I don’t understand, please repeat. What time is …..? If I didn’t have a torch, I couldn’t see at night.
Is that a one-way or a return ticket? Is there a saver return ticket? •In the if clause the verb be becomes were for I, he, she, it forms,
although was is also acceptable except for giving advice e.g. If I were
you…
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Example:If I were lost, I would call someone.
If I was late for class, the teacher would give me extra Other Polite Questions
homework. Direct Questions Polite Offer
If he was asked a question, he would answer immediately.
If she were there, she would help you. Would you like…
Do you want to look at the flat? • to look at the flat?
•Would is often shortened to ’d Do you want to meet at 6p.m.? • to meet at 6pm?
Example: If I lived in Japan I’d eat sushi every day.
Negative Sentences
• Negatives are made with wouldn't (would not) or couldn't (could Unit 5 Vocabulary
not).
Example: If I lost my glasses I wouldn’t be able to see.
1. Vocabulary connected to jobs and places
If I didn’t have a torch, I couldn’t see at night.
Questions ski resort restaurant advertising organic farm biology
agency laboratory
• Questions are made by putting would before the subject. ski instructor server graphic care for lab
Example: What would you do if you saw a shark? designer animals technician
or If you saw a shark what would you do?
lift operator cook account plant seeds assistant
Would you eat sushi every day if you lived in Japan? manager
Answer: Yes, I would / No, I wouldn’t
maintenance bartender marketing operate record
manager machines keeping
3. Indirect and Polite Questions parking host copywriter inspect inventory

attendant plants
Use
nurse manager online sales harvest fruit data entry
• To talk in a polite way e.g. asking for information or making an offer. rep
• When talking to someone you don’t know.
Key Words
Can / Could (you, he, she, we, I)…?
Would you like… 2. Describing the weather
Form
For direct questions the verb goes before the subject e.g. Is the shop Seasons Wind Rain
open on Sunday? summer heavy rain
strong wind
But for indirect questions the verb goes after the subject e.g. Could
you tell me if the shop is open on Sunday? autumn light wind pouring rain
Yes / No Questions winter cool wind light rain
Direct Questions Indirect Questions spring warm wind thunderstorm
Can / Could you tell me… wet season breeze thunder
I’d / I would like to know… dry season tornado lightning
Are services included in the • if services are included in the
price? price?
Is the shop open on Sunday? • if the shop is open on Sunday?
Information Questions
Direct Questions Indirect Questions Fog Snow Sunshine
Can / Could you tell me… thick fog deep snow bright sun
I’d / I would like to know…
What is the address? • the address? heavy fog fresh snow sunrise
Where is the nearest bus stop? • where the nearest bus stop is? mist snowfall sunset
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3. Survival Gear
a. Here are some important objects to consider when you go walking or
hiking in the mountains. Write the name under each picture.
Unit 6 Grammar
a hiking stick – tinned food– a lighter – nylon rope – duct tape 1. Linking words
multipurpose tool – a box of matches - whistle Linking words and phrases are used to show connections between
ideas. They can be used to join two or more sentences or clauses (a
clause is a group of words which contains a subject and a verb).
Below are four examples of linking ideas:
•but and although indicate a contrast.
Example: He liked the theatre but he never found time to go.
Although he liked going to the theatre, he never found time
to go.
He never found time to go to the theatre although he liked it.
Although can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.
b. Add some more: write these letters in the correct order to find more When it comes at the beginning, a comma is used at the end of the first
objects and then add your own ideas. clause. Although is more formal than but.
But is normally used in the middle of a sentence. If the clause before it
GHINKI HOSES __________________ __________________
is long, or you want the reader to pause, you can add a comma before
NSU LCBKO __________________ __________________ RORIMR __________________ but.
MRGEEYCEN LANBTKE __________________ __________________ •unless indicates a condition: except if. It is used for saying that if
NIAR NPHCOO __________________ __________________
something does not happen, something else will happen or be true as
a result.
__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________
Example: Let’s meet at the station unless your train is late. If it’s late,
Language in Context
let’s meet at the restaurant.
Unless your train is late, let’s meet at the station. If it’s late,
let’s meet at the restaurant.
Email format
Unless can be used at the beginning or the middle of the sentence (the
Formal Informal same as although). When it comes at the beginning, a comma is used
Dear Sir or Madam, Hi John, at the end of the first clause.
I am writing to inquire about the I hope you are doing well. •even if emphasises that a particular situation will remain the same
job. Please tell me ….. no matter what happens.
Could you please tell me …… I want to know ….
Hope to see you soon. Example: I’m going to ride my bike even if it rains.
I would like to know about ……… Even if it rains, I’m going to ride my bike.
I look forward to hearing from Best, Even if I wash and polish the car, it still won’t look new.
you soon. John
Kind regards, Even if can be used at the beginning or the middle of the sentence
John Smith (the same as although and unless). When it comes at the beginning, a
comma is used at the end of the first clause.
Find a working holiday job on Internet you are interested
in and practise writing your formal letter of enquiry. 2. Expressing likes/dislikes
We normally use the -ing form to follow verbs that express preferences
in English.
Example: I really enjoy reading novels. / I hate going to the
supermarket. / Kim’s keen on skating
I like doing martial arts / I don’t like going jogging / I am
a big fan of running marathons.
Note: The –ing form of a verb is called a gerund. It is effectively a noun.
If you look at the sentences above, you can substitute the gerunds for
other nouns, e.g. I like yoga, I don’t like chocolate, etc.
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3. Passive voice
We use the passive voice when we want to change the focus of attention from the agent to the recipient of the action. If the agent is not important
information, or unknown, it can be omitted in the passive sentence. The passive voice is more common in less personal, formal written English, such
as newspapers, business reports, and academic and scientific papers.
Note: the passive is used more often in English than in Spanish.
The passive is formed by using the appropriate tense of the verb to be, and the past participle of the verb.
To indicate who did the action, use the preposition by.
Negatives and questions are formed in the same way as in sentences with the verb to be.
Passive
Tense Active
Affirmative Negative Question
Present simple The vet checks his dog His dog is checked by the His dog is not checked by Is his dog checked by the
every month. vet every month. the vet every month. vet every month?
Present continuous My mother is making the The cake is being made by The cake is not being made Is the cake being made by
cake. my mother. by my mother. my mother?
Past simple JK Rowling wrote the The book was written by The book was not written by Was the book written by
book. Isabel Allende. Isabel Allende. JK Rowling?
Past continuous A large audience was The play was being watched The play was not being Was the play being
watching the play. by a large audience. watched by a large watched by a large
audience. audience?
Present perfect That man has robbed us. We have been robbed by We have not been robbed Have we been robbed by
that man. by that man. that man?
Future with will Jane will cut the flowers. The flowers will be cut by The flowers will not be cut Will the flowers be cut by
Jane. by Jane. Jane?
Future with going to The government is going to Taxes are going to Taxes are not going Are taxes going to
increase taxes. be increased by the to be increased by the be increased by the
government. government. government?
Unit 6 Vocabulary
1. Different kinds of entertainment activities
Physical Creative/craft Games and fun Food
keeping fit sewing playing video games eating out

going to the gym knitting playing chess cooking
walking gardening going to the mall / shopping trying new food/ cuisine
jogging growing vegetables spending time with my family baking
playing/ watching (a sport) DIY hanging out with … making ice cream
playing football/ golf/ carpentry meeting up with friends
basketball origami going to a bar/ the pub/ clubbing / dancing
cycling handcrafts reading
dancing painting collecting (objects)
doing yoga drawing
hiking pottery
swimming playing/learning
(a musical instrument)
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2. Here are some words from the article about boredom on page 99. I’ve been really busy with work/family/ my studies, but I’m well, thanks.
Match the definitions with the words (a-f). b. Ending the conversation:
See you soon/later.
Word Definition Speak to you soon/later.
a.thoughtless on the condition or understanding that.
Take care.
Bye!
b. provided two out of three parts of something.
c. encouraging the quality or state of being conscious or aware of
something.
Audio scripts
d. two-thirds the state of containing nothing.
1. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Page 7: 1b.
Pablo: So, you think face-to-face communication has disadvantages.
e. emptiness (of a person or their behaviour) not showing How is that possible?
consideration for the needs of other people. Dario: Well, it is possible. Face-to face communication is good but in
f. mindfulness giving someone support or confidence; supportive big organisations it is very difficult, especially if the departments are
situated in different places.
Pablo: Ok. I understand. You’ve got a point. But what about at a party
Unit 6 Language in context with many people?

Dario: Well, that’s also difficult, because the personal touch is missing
1. Expressions even though the person may be talking to you.
Pablo: That’s true. I always have to shout to talk to a friend at a party.
Then I get tired and stop talking. I start Whatsapping.
Expressing thanks
Dario: Remember that face-to-face conversations are effective only if
Thanks, that’d be great. - Perfect, thanks. - Thank you (so/ very much) the other person is attentive.
for coming. - I really appreciate your help. - Thanks very much for … Pablo: Why?
Thank you for inviting me. Dario: Because you can listen to someone talking to you, but if you are
Responding to thanks not interested or don’t pay attention, then the message is ineffective.
Pablo: Ah OK. I get it. From now on, I will stop looking at my phone
Not a problem. - You’re welcome! - It’s my pleasure!
when someone talks to me.
Making an offer or suggestion 1c. Listen again.
Shall we meet on (day of the week) at (time)? - What about (alternative
day)? - Same time, same place? - How about at 7:45? - Let’s meet
2. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Page 9: 4c.
at … It’s amazing to think that less than twenty years ago, if someone wanted
to communicate with someone at a distance, they used to call them on
Giving an invitation the telephone, send them a letter, or perhaps even send them a telegram.
Let’s go out and do something together! - Let’s meet for coffee/ To say the world of communication has changed is an understatement,
dinner/ lunch/ breakfast/ ice cream (next week) - Do you want to and this dramatic transformation comes with its share of pros and cons.
meet at the park? - Would you like to come to our house for dinner? Certainly there are benefits to having all these communication options.
Accepting an offer or invitation Emailing, texting, Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook, and more have
allowed us to not only find almost anyone we look for, but have also
I’d really like that. Do you have anything in mind? - Thanks, I’d love to given us the ability to connect with them quickly and efficiently.
do that. - Perfect, see you then. No question about it — there are lots of pros.
Making an apology What about the cons?
I’m afraid I can’t make (day of the week) - I’m afraid I’m going to be For me, and for many people I speak with, some of the biggest negatives
about 30 minutes late - I’m sorry I’m late. we have to deal with in our day-to-day communication are not only the
lack of face-to-face contact in conversation but also not even hearing
Accepting an apology the voices of the people with whom we are communicating. Texting has
Don’t worry. - Not a problem replaced talking, and calling someone on the telephone is often the last
choice when it comes to connecting with others.
Why is this a problem?
2. Extra phrases Personally speaking (and I hear this from others as well), I feel we miss a
These can be useful in a phone conversation with a friend lot by texting. We can’t hear voice inflections, can’t make out sarcasm,
a. Starting the conversation: and can’t infer moods. Somebody could be crying uncontrollably while
Hi ………………..! How are you? texting us and we’d never know. Sure, there are plenty of emojis to help
I haven’t spoken to you for a while/ages!
126
us out here, but they don’t replace real voices and expressions. And No 6: Free Shipping
comparing texting and other forms of digital communication to face-to- Many sites will have free shipping if you spend a certain amount. One
face contact, we are missing all types of body language which generally idea is to buy more. You could add in a couple of gifts for other people,
help us understand what someone is truly communicating. essentials like underwear, or even find something you weren’t looking
We are communicating digitally, not humanly. for in the first place. Another idea is to buy with a friend.
I can’t help thinking that because our young people are using technology No 7: Search for coupon codes.
at younger and younger ages to communicate, they are missing out on Many stores will have a field where you can enter promotional codes.
some important lessons in interacting and communicating with others. These may be store-wide discounts or special deals on specific products.
Reading the body language and facial expressions of others are often Before you do your shopping, do a web search for coupon codes for that
skills that require practice to master, and many of our young people store.
may not be getting enough practice. No 8: Keep your receipts.
Clearly, our advances in communication via technology are here to stay, Keep a record of all of your shopping so that you can compare your
and no doubt there are even more developments on the horizon. Overall, receipts with your bank account. You can save them digitally.
I believe it’s a good thing. But I also think we need to be mindful of the I think that if you keep these tips in mind, you'll be fine with your
drawbacks of these types of communication as well, and remember shopping. Good luck!
that our ability, desire, and need to communicate face-to-face, with our 2e. Listen again.
voices heard, is an important part of what makes us human.
4d. Listen again. 5. Unit 1 Lesson 3 Page 15: 3b.
Customer: Excuse me?
3. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Page 9: Pronunciation: the -sh sound SA: Hello, how can I help?
Practise saying these words: Customer: Well, I’m looking for a new phone, but I am not very good with
communication - transformation - options - conversation - expressions technology, so I am not sure which one to choose.
Can you find others? SA: OK don’t worry, what do you usually use your phone for?
Now, listen again. Customer: Oh, not much really, just browsing on the Internet, using
social media, I make the occasional call from time to time. Could you
4. Unit 1 Lesson 2 Page 11: 2c. tell me what specifications I need?
Hi, I'm Jodie Filogomo and, by now, I´m an expert on online shopping! SA: OK, I think the Moto H6 would be perfect for you. It has medium
I've been a style blogger for more than five years. If you are already an power and sufficient memory for browsing. And it’s on offer. Here try it
online shopper and feel comfortable shopping this way, then good for before you buy it.
you! If you haven’t been lucky in that area, then let me help you with the Customer: It looks great! I‘ll take it.
tips I have prepared to make your shopping easier for you. SA: OK, would you like a bag?
No 1: Identify the Website Customer: Yes please.
Find what you like by looking up the item on Google, or if you found the SA: Can I help you with anything else?
item on a blog, click on the corresponding link. Now that you are on that Customer: No, you’ve been very helpful. Thank you very much and have
store’s website, the fun begins. a lovely day.
No 2: Check the Return Policy 3d. Listen again.
This is a very important step that I take.
You want to make sure that it’s easy to return or send back any items to
the onsite store. Many sites have free returns, but some don’t. I prefer to UNIT 2
send items back to the onsite store if possible. Careful if it’s a company
abroad, because return options are not economical or easy. 6. Unit 2 Lesson 4 Page 26: 5b.
No 3: Check Product Reviews Speaker 1: “Possession changes very frequently in basketball, so
It is very important to check the opinion of other customers about your team can still come back and win. Don’t stop cheering when you
the same product. To me, it’s not good if there aren’t any dislikes, but see that the time is running low.” These are the words of a basketball
reviews do give some great feedback. player who went to Harvard University and he belonged to the university
No 4: Size basketball team. He said he used to love playing basketball; it was the
This is especially important if you are ordering from a company abroad! best time of his life.
If you are not sure about ordering bigger or smaller, remember that it is Speaker 2: Here’s the challenge: imagine you have been invited to
much easier to make alterations on bigger items. participate in an athletics competition, as I was many times. You
No 5: Think About Colour don’t know the rules. You don’t really know the nature of the athletics
You should know that colour is one aspect of online shopping that you competition. All you know is that the competition will require all attributes
will never be sure about until the item is in your hands. This is another associated with greatness: strength, determination, competitiveness
reason you need to know the return policy. It may be described as blue, and skill in a number of areas. Some competitions require individual
yet it looks greener on your computer monitor.
127
athleticism, and some require a team effort. My last competition was throat caused by bacteria requires treatment with antibiotics to prevent
when I had the accident and I have been in a wheelchair since then. complications.
Speaker 3: “I have never exercised my body. Now whenever I try some Finally, Dr Mabuto: The common cold is a viral infection of your nose
exercises my body hurts and I feel as if I am having mild fever. It seems and throat, so you may have a runny nose, sneeze and cough. Many
that the whole thing is not for me. I’d rather stay in bed or watch a movie types of viruses can cause the common cold. Children younger than six
than exercise. I don’t think I will ever change.” are at greater risk of colds, but healthy adults can also expect to have
two or three colds a year. Most people recover from the common cold in
Speaker 4: “I didn’t feel I was fit enough to go to the gym. I was almost
a week or 10 days. Symptoms might last longer in people who smoke,
too intimidated to go to the gym. I was nervous and I felt judged. From
but if you don't feel better after a few days, see your doctor.
my conversations with people getting started with exercise, I know that
3b. Listen again.
feeling intimidated at the gym is incredibly common. Trust me: everyone
has felt it at some point. I decided to have my own routine every morning 8. Unit 2 Lesson 6 Page 30 Pronunciation: alternative medicine
at my own pace and at home, so last year I worked out 30 minutes every a.
morning, and I loved it… Now I've had to reduce my time due to my work ac – u – punc - ture re – flex - ol – o - gy ther – a - py
schedule. chi – ro – prac - tic heal - ing nee - dles
phys – i – o - ther – a - py me - dic – i - nal na – tur
Speaker 5: So, you’ve decided to get in shape. Do you know why? Is
– op – a - thy
there an end goal and, if so, what is it? It’s really helpful before starting
ho - me - op - athy
your new fitness journey to establish some realistic goals. Rather than
Listen again.
setting strict goals which can make exercise feel like a tremendous
effort, try to make smaller, more achievable plans such as start jogging 9. Unit 2 Lesson 6 Page 32: 4e.
15 minutes every morning: That was how I started. From then on, it has Jane: Hi Tim, can you please explain what BASE jumping is? I’m not sure
become a must to jog 20 minutes every morning before starting my day. what the difference is with skydiving.
Listen again. Tim: OK Jane, here goes the explanation. BASE jumping, also sometimes
written as B.A.S.E. jumping, is parachuting or wingsuit flying from a
7. Unit 2 Lesson 5 page 27: 3a. fixed structure or cliff.
Good morning doctors, this is TVvoice channel informing. I'm going to BASE is actually an acronym for the four types of fixed objects that
ask each of you to talk about the most common health problems you jumpers can potentially leap from while taking part in the sport. These
have encountered lately. I would also appreciate it if you could tell our objects include B for buildings, A for antennae, S for spans or bridges
listeners what the symptoms are and some recommendations of what and finally E for the Earth (this includes high cliffs, mountain tops, or
to do in each case. other high natural locations). The term BASE jumping was originally
Firstly, Dr Middleton: A fever is when your body temperature increases, coined by the legendary Carl Boenish, often seen as the father of BASE
often due to an illness. Having a fever is a sign that something out jumping.
of the ordinary is going on in your body. For an adult, a fever may be BASE jumping is like skydiving, except instead of jumping with a
uncomfortable, but usually isn’t a serious problem unless it reaches parachute out of a plane high above the ground, you jump off a fixed
39.4 C or higher. For infants and young children, a slightly elevated object; either a Building, an Antennae, a Span or bridge, or the Earth. It is
temperature may indicate a serious infection. Fevers generally go away a very dangerous sport and in Canada BASE jumping is illegal without a
within a few days. A number of medications lower a fever, but sometimes special permit. BASE jumping is one of the most dangerous recreational
it’s better left untreated. activities in the world, with a fatality and injury rate 43 times higher than
skydiving from a plane.
Secondly, Dr Appiwan: Stomach ache: it is pain in your stomach maybe A beginner skydiver may have a three-minute or more parachute
caused by a virus or an infection marked by sharp pain or vomiting, and jump to the ground. A BASE jump from 150 metres (490 ft) will have a
sometimes fever. There’s no effective treatment for viral gastroenteritis, parachute ride of only 10 to 15 seconds.
so prevention is key. In addition to avoiding food and water that may be Jane: WOW, that's really a very short time! No wonder it's considered so
contaminated, frequent handwashing is your best defence. dangerous. Thanks, Tim, for such a clear explanation.
Then, thirdly, Dr Lee: Asthma is a condition in which your airways 4f. Listen again.
narrow and this can make breathing difficult and cause coughing and
shortness of breath. If you are asthmatic, then you should be under
treatment with a doctor and take all the recommended precautions.
UNIT 3
Now, fourthly, it’s Dr Mendez: A sore throat is pain, or irritation of the 10. Unit 3 Lesson 7 Page 42: 3c.
throat that often worsens when you swallow. The most common cause Good afternoon to all and it’s a pleasure to be here today on this
of a sore throat is a viral infection, such as a cold or the flu. A sore throat programme. I'm going to talk about going to interviews and the body
caused by a virus resolves itself on its own. A less common type of sore language we need to be aware of. We usually get a bit nervous every
128
time we have to face this situation. After many years as a coach I'm Counsellor: See guys… talking is the best way to solve problems.
going to explain some of the tips that, from my point of view, are the Tom: At least we’re closer to an agreement for the time being….
most important to consider to improve your body language. 6c. Listen again.
First of all, I'll explain what body language is:
12. Unit 3 Lesson 8 Page 45: 2a.
Body language includes more than just how you sit or where you put your
Good evening Susana and I’m glad you could make it at this time, we both
hands. In fact, it includes facial expressions, proximity to others, body
have very busy schedules. I really appreciate your interest to understand
position, habits, eye gestures, how we interact, and even breathing.
hearing-impaired people. I have worked with this community for many
Here are some ways to understand and improve your own body language:
years and, by now, have some personal opinions on the subject.
1. Be aware of how you cross your legs
First of all, to me, it is important to learn to communicate with the deaf
Crossing your legs in a “figure four” fashion with your ankle resting on
as anyone can be deaf: a member of our family, a friend, or a stranger.
your knee makes you look arrogant.
People who are deaf appreciate it when people, especially people with
2. Make eye contact
standard hearing, learn sign language. Learning sign language shows
Be sensitive to cultures that avoid eye contact with elders or strangers;
deaf people that you actually care about them.
in most other cases, don’t be afraid to look somebody in the eye.
Another issue that scientists have confirmed is that bilingualism
3. Relax your shoulders
improves brain functioning and much more. Being bilingual seems to
Raising your shoulders by your ears is a sign of tension. Relax them.
improve basic brain functions such as problem-solving and abstract
4. Sit straight but relaxed
thinking, which are skills we need in this modern world.
Although sitting very straight might be an exaggeration, make sure
There’s another fact to consider also: employers love to see it on your CV.
you’re not leaning back!
Managers like to hire people who know sign language because they can
5. Getting close
be the employers’ right-hand-man when a deaf customer needs help.
Have you ever had a conversation that you’re both really enthusiastic
By learning sign language, people with standard hearing can
about? You’ll probably notice you both are leaning in towards each
become more culturally aware of their culture as well as mannerisms,
other, getting closer.
perspectives, history and the general connection between members of
6. Careful with making annoying movements
their community.
Playing with your drink, an earring or a bottle cap can be a sign of
2b. Listen again.
nervousness and a distraction for others. Also watch out for touching
your face or running your hands through your hair. 13. Unit 3 Lesson 8 Page 46: 4a.
7. Don’t tilt your head (too much) Hi, I'm Samantha and one of my research topics deals with human
Although a small tilt of your head can indicate interest, too much of a communication so today I´m going to tell you about some of our talking
head tilt indicates obedience or passivity. habits.
8. Know where your hands are People just love to talk. We communicate with each other all day
Putting your hands in your pockets might be comfortable but can also long through text messages, emails, phone calls, and face-to-face
indicate that you are bored. Keep your hands relaxed. interaction. Language is a powerful communication tool that allows us
Now, I'll answer questions …………………. to connect, to share ideas and to deepen understanding. We are social
Listen again. creatures and by talking to one another we feel more connected.
Interestingly, the types of conversations we choose are amazingly
11. Unit 3 Lesson 7 Page 43: 6b.
consistent. There is a theme that we continually repeat in most of what
Counsellor: Ok Tom and Sarah. What is the problem?
we say. Studies show that our favourite topic of communication is, you
Sarah: The problem is that he argues a lot about everything.
guessed it, ourselves.
Tom: Me???… I think you are the problem.
Why, in a world full of ideas to discover, develop, and discuss, do people
Sarah: That’s nonsense. You are the one who is always questioning
spend the majority of their time talking about themselves? Recent
everything. See what happened with the car.
research suggests a simple explanation: because it feels good.
Counsellor: All right, all right, let’s calm down. Tell me about the car
Who talks more and why, is less clear. Stereotypes lead us to believe
issue.
that women enjoy talking more than men. But it's not so clear.
Sarah: We need to buy a new car, but we were not sure about the model…
A test conducted to explore social interaction patterns found that women
Tom: I love big sport cars…
speak only a little more than men in professional and social settings,
Sarah: …and I love sedans…I think they are so elegant!
and only when the number of people involved in the conversation is
Counsellor: Don’t start again, please.
fewer than six. In large groups, men tend to dominate the conversation.
Sarah: The thing is that yesterday we had this argument and we fought.
Bottom Line: Everyone’s favourite topic is the same. We all love talking
We were very mad at each other. We just couldn't come to a final
about ourselves. Next time you find yourself deep in conversation, be
decision. We talked for an hour or two… and finally… late last night …
sure to listen too. I'm sure that, if you let the other person talk a lot
Counsellor: What happened?
about themselves, they will think you are fascinating.
Tom: We decided to buy an electric car, as we are both ecologically
4b. Listen again.
minded. But now we have to solve money problems.
129
‘Animals in the Wild’. Next week we will also have a small exhibition of
DEVELOPING LISTENING SKILLS
children’s paintings of the seaside.
14. Page 59: 1b.
Now listen again.
Example: What has the man bought?
Woman: Oh ... you’ve been to the shops, what did you buy? 19. 5. When did Jim arrive yesterday?
Man: There were fantastic new gadgets and I was really tempted. I Man: Oh dear, I can't find the new contract and Jim hasn't come to the
saw a new computer, very similar to yours but this one had some great office yet. Do you know what time he got back from his trip yesterday?
headphones included in the offer. Woman: Yes, in fact I spoke to him at 3:10 and he was just landing.
Woman: So, what did you get in the end? Apparently his 10:15 flight was delayed, and he was supposed to arrive
Man: Well, what was really good value was this mobile phone, which I at 2:50 but finally landed 20 minutes later. Not too much of a delay
also needed. Have a look… really. He said he’d be coming in today.
Woman: Oh ... that’s better than the one you bought last year. Man: OK, I’ll wait for him then.
Now listen again. Now listen again.
15. 1. What have they forgotten? 20. 6. What activity is Elizabeth going to start next week?
Man: Now that we’ve put the tent up, let’s have something to drink. Elliot: Hi Elizabeth, how are doing? It's good to see you. You look rested
Woman: Great idea, there is a bottle of champagne in the car. It is in a and full of energy!
green plastic bag. Elizabeth: Thanks Elliot, I'm really feeling great. Changing jobs has
Man: Ok I’ll go and get it. Do you have the car keys? been the best thing that has happened to me in years!
Woman: Oh dear…. I don’t know where they are! Elliot: Are you still doing yoga in the morning?
Man: Don’t worry, I’ve found them in my pocket. I’ll open the car now. Elizabeth: Yes, it's a good way to start the day although I've given
Woman: OK up running on Saturday, but next week I'm starting karate. I'm really
Man: I can see the plastic bag but there is nothing in it. We must have looking forward to my class.
left it behind. Elliot: That sounds great. I've been doing martial arts for many years
Woman: Oh no! OK. I've got the wine here, it'll do! and I really enjoy them.
Now listen again. Now listen again.
16. 2. How will the girl get home? 21. 7. Which T-shirt will Mum get Mark for his birthday?
Girl: ... Hi Mum, it’s me ... it’s all right, I’m not phoning for a lift ... I am Man: Hi Mum, I’ve just remembered it’s Mark’s birthday next week.
going to be late though.... Have you thought of a present for him?
Mum: OK, but what happened? You said you’d ride your bike. Mum: To be honest, I’d forgotten about it, but I do have an idea: I know
Girl: Mmm ... it's true but as I thought it would rain, I came in on the he wants this special T shirt.
bus but Mum, there aren’t any buses at this time. In the end I went to Man: Oh! Just what I’d thought of. I saw one the other day in the shop on
the railway station and when I got there, I found that the 7 o’clock was the corner; it was black with a message on it. It looked good.
cancelled, so I’ll just wait for the next one. See you in a while .... Mum: Yes, I saw it also, it was in the window, next to another black one
Mum: Ok, let me know when you get in, I might go to the station to pick with white sleeves.
you up. Man: That’s right, they are good quality and not very expensive.
Now listen again. Mum: Sure, but I know he wants the one with number nine on it as it’s
the position he plays in the team so I'm going to get him that one.
17. 3. Which room are the flowers in?
Now listen again.
Woman 1: Hi! I’m home. Oh, where have you put the flowers that Robin
bought me. I left them on the table here in the kitchen with some letters
I need to post.
Man: Well, they were in the way there, so I’ve put them in a vase in the
UNIT 4
hall. 22. 4 Lesson 10 Page 64: 2a.
Woman 1: Okay thanks, but I think I’ll put them in the bedroom, next Since I was very young, I have travelled with my family to many
to the window. They’ll look nicer there. Would you like a cup of coffee? countries, some popular and others not so much. I feel travelling has an
Man: Umm. That sounds good! addictive effect on me, the more I do it the more I like it! I have visited
Now listen again. lots of places; one of the most beautiful is Kathmandu, Nepal, with its
Buddhist temples and people wearing colourful clothing. Egypt has
18. 4. What is at the Art Gallery this week? been the hottest place I have been to and one of the most interesting
Man: Thank you for calling the Central Art Gallery. This week, and next, too. I wouldn’t recommend visiting places where there are civil wars as
there is a special exhibition of paintings by a local artist, John Temple, they’re too dangerous. People think Europe is expensive, but Singapore
on the subject of ‘Growing Old’. He is now quite well known, and we has proved to be the most expensive country I have ever visited!
hope this exhibition will be even more popular than his last one on 2b. Listen again.
130
23. Unit 4 Lesson 11 Page 67: 1c. Amalia: It was a long time ago, but I certainly remember most of our
Good evening everybody. Here we are again, talking about our origins. stay there. Our whole family went; Mum, Dad and my little brother, who
Today I’m going to talk about some of the ethnic groups that have was eight then. My father was sent by the Chilean Antarctic Science
survived in some of the most inhospitable regions in the world. Program as he was working on a science project related to the role of
the Antarctic continent in global energy balance, a project he’s still
First, I’m going to start with one of the coldest regions in the world
working on.
where many ethnic groups still live, the Arctic. The Sami group live in
Rebecca: What was life like?
the northern Scandinavian countries and Russia and were considered
Amalia: We went to school there and we had a good time although my
semi-nomadic. Their main occupation was fishing, hunting and reindeer
mum was one of the teachers, which wasn´t always fun! Our school
herding. They lived in tents called lavvo and still do in some regions
programme was the same as in Chile and, because we were only 12
although nowadays they use more modern materials. Another group
children of different ages, we used to spend a lot of time together and
from this cold area are the Inuits. They originally lived in Alaska and then
learn from each other. We went to school for four hours a day and then
migrated to surrounding areas. They made their shelters by constructing
went home and did our individual homework. Luckily, we had plenty of
igloos with snow in winter and tents made with animal skins in summer.
technology and so we didn’t feel isolated from the rest of the world. To
Their important occupations were hunting, cooking, and making warm
be honest, we spent most of our time at home; we watched TV together,
waterproof clothing.
played games, cooked and read many books. It was great! My dad had
Secondly, like most original people, the Tibetans lived in huts and tents an office and laboratory where he worked but he also came home for
according to the seasons, though the more settled groups made their lunch and came back early in the evening.
houses with stones. These people still live up in the high mountains and Rebecca: Were you able to get around a bit?
their main economy is based on farming and herding of yaks and goats. Amalia: Well, the weather was seldom good enough to go out and enjoy
They have always had a very healthy diet based on the cereals and nature. Normally, we used to visit other people’s homes and when the
vegetables they cultivate and milk products from the animals they herd. weather was warmer, we took advantage of it to go for walks. What I
Now for the third group. Traditionally, the nomadic tribes of the Selk’nam remember most are the penguins; there was a colony very near our home
and the Yámana lived in Tierra del Fuego and relied on hunting for and we used to go to watch them whenever we could. As people there
survival; they were semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers. Although there are don't hunt them, the penguins weren’t afraid of us and, if we sat quietly,
only a few survivors from these ethnic groups, they do not live like this they came very near. It was fantastic! And the babies are so cute!
5b. Now listen again.
any longer. Their favourite animal was the guanaco which provided them
with food and also clothes and shelter. Other animals were important as 26. Unit 4 Lesson 12 Page 71: 2b.
well: the fox for its fur, certain birds and if a whale got beached it was José: I think I have the right tour. How about going on my motorbike? It'll
highly valued. give us a better opportunity of seeing more and we can stop whenever
Fourthly, I'm going to talk about the Tuaregs. They are a nomadic tribe we want and talk to people on the way.
Martin: It sounds like a good idea. What are you proposing? Where
from the Sahara Desert in the north of Africa and are sometimes called
“The Blue People” because of the clothes they wear. They make their should we start? I'm interested in the different plantations.
José: If we start by going towards Melipilla we'll see fruit trees on the
huts or tents with sticks and cover them with mats or animal skins. The
Tuareg are a pastoral tribe, having an economy based on trading and side of the highway. There are also vegetable plantations with onions,
agriculture. Their trading caravans are the most famous. They mostly eat garlic and green beans. Just for fun we could go to Pomaire where they
vegetables and, although they are not vegetarians, meat is for special make earthenware pottery and where we can have lunch.
Martin: Sounds interesting but I thought we were going to the vineyards.
occasions.
José: Well, from there we go through an area called San Pedro where
The last group I'm going to talk about today are the Aboriginal people there are hundreds of strawberry fields and they are delicious. The land
from Australia. They have lived in that area for more than 50,000 years. is hilly and we'll pass Lago Rapel on the way, which is very touristic,
Apparently, the tribes from the central desert region were nomadic especially in summer.
and lived in huts made of wood, although archaeologists have found Martin: Do they do sports on the lake?
evidence of different kinds of circular stone houses near the coast. José: Yes, there are plenty of outdoor activities. If you’re interested, I
Those Aboriginal tribes who lived inland in the bush and the desert lived have a friend who has a summer house by the lake, and we could rent it
by hunting and gathering and they were experts in seeking out water. for a weekend.
Their main diet came from animals, plants and insects. Martin: Let me think about it. I have to work first. What else are we going
1e. Listen again. to see on the road to the vineyards?
25. Unit 4 Lesson 11 Page 69: 5a. José: We'll drive by San Vicente de Tagua Tagua where they grow
Rebecca: Hi Amalia, I’ve heard that you lived in Villa Las Estrellas for a peaches, tomatoes, potatoes and corn. How about that? I think it's
year when you were 10 years old. What an exciting experience. Please more than enough for one trip especially if we want to stop and talk to
tell me something about it. the people in the region.
2c. Listen again.
131
27. Unit 4 Lesson 12 Page 71: 2e. on Tuesday. Does this suit you? It's a little more expensive but your
We finally reached Santa Cruz and went on a trip on board the Wine breakfast is included.
Train, a tour around the most important wineries in the Colchagua Martin: Sounds fine but I need two tickets as I’m travelling with a friend.
Valley. What's the total price? I would also like to pay by credit card. Please
We met at San Fernando railway station to take the steam locomotive. I send me the link.
was really excited to see this old steam train with three first-class cars 3c. Listen again.
and one dining car. I’d never seen one before! There was an old lady who
felt a bit frightened as she’d been in a train accident many years ago
and it had been a shocking experience. Luckily, she was very brave and
enjoyed the tour in the end.
UNIT 5
During the trip we tasted interesting wine varieties of various origins 29. Unit 5 Lesson 13 Page 82: 2c.
together with nuts, grapes and fine regional cheese. Hi there to all, I'm Laurie and I'm going to explain, from my point of
There was a bilingual guide who told us about the characteristics of view, some opportunities I think are really interesting for all of you who
this place, its weather, the history of the vineyards and other details, are here today and are thinking of travelling and working abroad either
including the history of the locomotive and the cars that make up this to further your career or gain more experience.
beautiful place; it was not at all boring! I'm going to start by mentioning Canada, which has several different
Because the Colchagua Valley has a Mediterranean climate it guarantees one or two-year offers of working holidays or jobs for people between
fertile land suitable for agriculture and especially for winegrowing. A the ages of 18 and 35.
significant amount of wineries produce very good-quality wines and There are many work opportunities in the hospitality and tourism
supply both the local and the international market. industries, especially at their winter ski resorts.
When we arrived at Santa Cruz, the end of the train journey, a Most of these jobs are for young professionals who want to continue
group of people dressed in the typical costumes worn by the developing their career and in our international co-operation department
Chilean huasos delighted us with several cuecas, accompanied by there are internships or work placements for current university students.
some wonderful guitar players. I'll give you more details in a moment.
Our guide explained the whole process of how wine is produced in Another country that has interesting options is New Zealand. They offer
the Santa Cruz vineyard and winery; they specialise in high-quality one-year programmes for people between the ages of 18 and 35 also.
boutique wines. The tour included a visit to a museum and an Most of the jobs they offer have a different profile from Canada, for
astronomical observatory, which we reached by cable car and prevented example there are many jobs in agriculture, restaurants, offices,
us from an exhausting walk uphill feeling hungry. construction, etc. As well as all these possibilities they also have
Finally, our lunch was a delicious barbecue with varied salads. Good programmes for volunteer work, such as living and working on an
wine, of course, was part of the menu. organic farm, helping researchers, or an internship in your field.
Excellent is the word that summarises my experience. The organisation 2d. Now listen again.
of the tour was perfect, and all the people involved were very helpful and
friendly. It was a bit tiring, but I was not disappointed; on the contrary, 30. Unit 5 Lesson 14 Page 84: 1c.
I felt very satisfied. Carolina
2f. Now listen again. Interviewer: Where are you from?
Carolina: I grew up in Independencia in Santiago.
28. Unit 4 Lesson 12 Page 72: 3b. Interviewer: Where are you living now?
Ticket officer: Good evening. This is EME Regional Buses office. Max Carolina: I’m living in Washington D.C. in the United States.
speaking. How can I help you? Interviewer: How long have you been living there?
Martin: Good evening. I'm Martin and I’d like to know how much a saver Carolina: I’ve been there for about a year and a half.
return bus ticket is to Coquimbo. Interviewer: Why did you decide to move to Washington D.C.?
T.O.: Well, at what time would you like to take the bus? And where are Carolina: After I got my master’s degree I started working at the Ministry
you leaving from? of Labour in Santiago. I worked there for about five years, which is when
Martin: I’m leaving from Santiago. Which is the first bus tomorrow? I I started travelling abroad during my summer holidays. I had the chance
would like to get there before 12 because I have a business meeting at to go to Brazil, Colombia, Europe and then the USA. After a trip to New
2 p.m. York City I decided that I wanted to spend more time in a foreign country,
T.O.: Sure. The first bus leaves at 6 a.m. from platform 34 and it arrives so I thought about studying or working abroad. I applied for a job at an
at 11.45 a.m. Would you like to buy this ticket now? It is the cheapest International Organisation in Washington D.C. and I got it!
one.
Martin: Yes, please. And what about the return trip? I need to come Andrés
back early next Tuesday. Interviewer: Where are you from?
T.O.: Well, according to our timetable, there’s a very comfortable bus Andrés: I’m originally from Concepción.
that leaves Monday at midnight and gets in to Santiago at 6 a.m. Interviewer: Where are you living now?
132
Andrés: I live in Edinburgh in Scotland with my wife and daughter.
surprised me how so much had changed from when I was a child. Well,
Interviewer: How long have you been living there?
of course I could speak the language, that wasn’t a problem. But still
Andrés: I’ve been living here for about four years.
there were a lot of things I didn’t know about.
Interviewer: Why did you decide to move to Edinburgh?
Interviewer: What would you change if you could?
Andrés: I first came here to do a master’s degree. That’s when I met my
Roberto: That's easy, if I had the chance, I'd like to go back more often.
wife, Agatha. We were both studying on the same course. I decided to
stay and do a PhD, which I should finish next year if everything goes well. 32. Unit 5 Lesson 15 Page 87: 1c.
I can’t believe how much my life has changed in these four years. Agatha Tourist: Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Pre-Colombian
and I got married two years ago and Martha was born just last year. Museum?
Local: Yes, of course. Walk along Avenida Bernardo O’Higgins for two
Roberto
blocks. Go past La Moneda Palace and turn left on Morandé. Continue
Interviewer: Where are you from?
for four blocks, then turn right onto Merced and go one more block.
Roberto: I grew up in Valparaiso.
You’ll see the museum on the corner of Merced and Bandera.
Interviewer: Where are you living now?
Tourist: Thank you.
Roberto: I’ve just moved back to Sydney after living in Santiago for a
Local: Not at all. Enjoy the museum!
few years.
1d. Listen again.
Interviewer: How long have you been living there?
Roberto: My family moved here when I was 13 so I feel like I grew up in 33. Unit 5 Lesson 15 Page 89: 6a.
both places. Estate agent: Hello, Centre Estate Agents, how can I help you?
Interviewer: Why did you decide to move to Santiago? María José: Hello, I’m calling about a bedsit I saw on the website. I’ve
Roberto: I guess I wanted to see what Chile was like after all those years. got a few questions about it.
I came back with my mum to visit family a few times in the 90s, but a few Estate agent: What number is it?
years ago I was at a point in my life when I needed a change. I hadn’t María José: 78254
been to Chile for a while, so I thought it would be a good time to see what Estate agent: Oh yes, that’s a lovely one in Islington.
it was like to live in Santiago. I found work immediately teaching English María José: I’d like to know if services like Internet, electricity, and
and had a great time reconnecting with my aunts, uncles, and cousins. I heating are included in the price.
returned to Sydney a few months ago and feel that the two years I lived Estate agent: Well, wi-fi and water are included, but you will have to pay
in Santiago was time well spent. for the electricity.
María José: Also, is there a washing machine available in the flat or
31. Unit 5 Lesson 14 Page 84: 1e.
building?
Carolina
Estate agent: Yes, there is one in the kitchen.
Interviewer: What was difficult when you first arrived in Washington
María José: OK, thank you for the information.
D.C.?
Estate agent: Would you like to have a look at the flat?
Carolina: It was difficult to decide where to live. I wasn’t sure if I wanted
María José: Yes, I would.
to live alone or share an apartment with other people. The rent here is
Estate agent: How about this evening at 6 p.m.?
quite expensive, but I wasn’t sure about living with strangers. In the end
María José: That will be fine. Could you tell me the address?
I decided to rent a small one-bedroom apartment. It’s far from the office
Estate agent: Of course, it’s 2552 Roman Lane.
and the bus service isn't very reliable.
María José: Did you say 2552 Roman Lane?
Interviewer: What would you change if you could?
Estate agent: Yes, that’s right.
Carolina: If I could, I would really like to live nearer; I spend too much
María José: Ok, see you at 6 p.m.
time travelling.
Estate agent: Alright, see you then.
Andrés:
Interviewer: What is difficult about living in Edinburgh?
Andrés: As I mentioned before, I’m from Concepción so I’m used to the UNIT 6
grey skies and rain. But something that I don’t like is that it gets dark
so early in winter, which makes the days seem so short and winter lasts 34. Unit 6 Lesson 15 Page 98: 2a.
for so long. I guess it’s good for me because it helps me focus on my Rose: Hey Mabel, it’s Rose!
studies. Mabel: Hi Rose! How are you? I haven’t spoken to you for a while!
Interviewer: What would you change if you could? Rose: I’ve been really busy with work, but I’m well, thanks. Henry has a
Andrés: Well, let me think… If it didn't rain so much, we’d enjoy doing new job, which he likes, and the kids are happy at school. How are you
more hiking with Agatha but with the baby we can't. finding the course?
Mabel: It’s going well. I think my English is getting better and that’s
Roberto obviously important to me! But I’d like to get out a bit more. I feel like
Interviewer: What was difficult about living in Santiago? I’m spending a lot of my evenings at home and there’s so much to do in
Roberto: It was strange to live like a foreigner in my own country. It London.
133
Rose: Oh, Henry and I had a stupid argument about that last night. I feel Mabel: I’m not surprised! Do you know who it was written by?
like we watch too much TV at home. Before we got married, I loved going Rose: It’s got to be in the programme, here, let’s have a look…. There it
out to do different things in the evenings and seeing other people. I feel is - it was written by Jez Butterworth.
like these days we just stay at home and watch that black box. Henry Mabel: And I thought the acting was amazing. I thought the woman
doesn’t seem to mind that… Let’s go out and do something together! who played the main character’s wife was, er… how do you say it, so
Mabel: I’d really like that. Do you have anything in mind? convicting? Convincing?
Rose: Well, maybe a play, or a musical... Rose: Convincing. She was amazing, wasn’t she?
Mabel: A musical? What’s that? Mabel: Yes!... So, what shall we do now? Do you want to go for a drink?
Rose: A musical is like a play with songs. Rose: I’m afraid I can’t. Jack was chosen for the school football team
Mabel: Ahhh, we call that a comedia musical. I’ve never been to one. this year and we’ve got to get up early to take him to training.
Aren’t they for kids? Mabel: Don’t worry then. Do you have any other plans for the weekend?
Rose: Sometimes, although there are great ones that adults enjoy Rose: I think we’ll do some work at the allotment in the afternoon.
too. I tell you what, let’s meet for coffee next week and I’ll bring some Spring’s coming and I want to plant some vegetables before it’s too
suggestions. We can plan it then. late.
Mabel: Thanks, I’d love to do that. Shall we meet on Monday at 5? In the Mabel: Oh, I love gardening! It makes me feel so… relaxed and happy. I
nice coffee shop we went to last time, the one near St Pancras Station? miss my little garden at home.
Rose: I’m afraid I can’t make Monday; I have to work then. Hmm, let me Rose: Would you like to come round tomorrow afternoon then? We’d
just check my diary… What about Tuesday? Same time, same place? love some help!
Mabel: Perfect, see you then. Mabel: I’d love to do that. What time shall I come?
Rose: See you soon. Rose: How about 3 o’clock?
2b. Listen again. Mabel: OK. Shall I bring a chocolate cake for tea?
35. Unit 6 Lesson 16 Page 100: 5b. Rose: Oh yes! The kids will love you!
David: I’m not an emotional person. There are times that I’m not even 3c. Listen again.
sure how I feel about situations or topics, but I actually see that as 37. Unit 6 Lesson 18 Page 105: 3a.
a strength. Unless we base our opinions and decisions on properly- Mabel: Hi Rose, it’s Mabel. I’m afraid I’m going to be about 30 minutes
checked facts and information, they have no meaning. When I have late to the cinema. I’m on the bus and there’s a huge traffic jam and
strong evidence that I am wrong about something, I don’t have a we’re hardly moving.
problem changing my mind. Rose: Oh, bad luck.... I tell you what, why don’t you give me a ring when
Sebastián: My son, Jack, is only 14, but he thinks in a very mature you arrive at the cinema? I’ll tell the ticket assistant you’re coming late
way. I’m really impressed by how he’s learning to develop his and when you arrive I can come out and pass you the ticket.
opinions. He likes to be informed, and to consider the different sides Mabel: Thanks, that’d be great. I was going to buy popcorn for the kids…
of an argument, especially for big social issues. I don’t think I did Rose: Don’t worry. Shall I buy it and you can pay me back later?
that when I was his age! Mabel: Perfect, thanks.
Susan: I’ve always had strong opinions on some issues. How I feel Rose: Not a problem. See you soon.
about something is very important for me, and… it can be hard 3b. Listen again.
for me to change opinions when my emotions are involved, even if 37. Unit 6 Consolidation Page 108: 3a.
people show me reasons why I’m wrong! Shhh…. Don’t tell my family Marty: Welcome to this week’s episode of Social Issues. We have with
that I admitted that! us Peter Browning, director of the charity YouthOutdoors. Hello Peter,
Josefa: In our country, public opinion on some important issues has it’s great to have you on the show.
changed a lot over the last few years, on issues like abortion, education, Peter: Thank you for inviting me! Hello to you and to everyone who is
and human rights. My sister has changed her thinking a lot too. Although listening!
it’s important to be open-minded, we also need to think independently Marty: So, Peter, YouthOutdoors is quite a new organisation, but it’s
and critically. I think my sister sometimes just follows the crowd. The one that we are very interested in here at Social Issues. Can you tell our
media aren’t always right about everything. listeners more about it?
Now, listen again. Peter: That’s right, we are quite new. YouthOutdoors only began in 2016.
36. Unit 6 Lesson 17 Page 102: 3b. As the name suggests, we’re an organisation that aims to encourage
Mabel: Oh Rose, I loved the play! Thank you so much for inviting me! young people to spend more of their leisure time being active, and
Rose: You’re welcome! I’m really glad you were able to come. particularly, being outside.
Mabel: There were some parts that were hard for me to understand but Marty: And you’ve recently published some results from a survey of
it was so different, very intense. young people in the UK. I understand that the results are worrying some
Rose: It was, wasn’t it? It was well received by the critics when it came people. Can you tell us about that?
out. Peter: Yes, with the survey we asked 1,000 14-16 year-olds about their
134
free time. One of our questions was about where they usually spend that
time. Over 60% said they were most likely to be in their bedrooms. The
next two places they were most likely to be were their friends’ houses or
other parts of their own homes.
3b. Now listen to the whole interview.
Marty: So, being outdoors wasn’t a popular option?
Peter: No, it wasn’t. We also asked them about what three activities
they most frequently did in their free time. Nearly 50% said that their
most common pastimes were online gaming and socialising. Girls
were more likely to socialise, and boys were more likely to be gaming.
Only 8% said that sport or a part-time job was one of their three most
common activities in their free time.
Marty: Hmmm… sounds like my teenage daughters.
Peter: Yes, we think that most teenagers and parents probably can
identify with these findings, but that doesn’t mean they aren’t worrying.
The way young people spend their free time affects their social skills,
and the habits they develop can have a big impact on their future health
and mental and physical wellbeing.
Marty: Well, let’s hope the findings from your survey can be used to
encourage young people to become more active outdoors.
Peter: Yes, we’d like to tell listeners that we’ve started a national
website. It has been designed especially for young people to help
them find outdoor activities that they would like to do in their area.
Please check it out and tell others about it – it’s easy to remember –
YouthOutside.co.uk!
Marty: OK, thank you very much. I will definitely have a look with my
daughters!
135

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Dear Student

Welcome to our Institute!

María Cristina Brieba Eduardo Vásquez

Teléfono fijo Teléfono móvil

Comuna Grupo Sanguíneo

En caso de emergencia avisar a

Teléfono fijo Teléfono móvil

40. Unit 3: Language and Culture

68 Feeling snowed under Comparing climates Comparisons of equality and inequality

80. Unit 5: It’s Just a Jungle Out There

84 14. Make Yourself At Home Living abroad Second conditional

87 15. When All Else Fails Directions Prepositions

97. Unit 6: A Whale of a Time

Language Focus & Audio scripts

Words and expressions you

Everyday expressions usually

At the end of every unit there is a page with

1b. Listen to Pablo and Dario. What are they talking

1. …………………………………………………….. has replaced talking.

3b. Choose the correct collocation from the lists in 3a.

For more information go to the Grammar Reference.

4b. Go back to page 6. With your partner, decide Situation 3: Situation 4:

about advanced drones that can track criminals or locate people

smartphones drones solar panels wind

1c. Read the text about the impact of technology in our

3b. Choose a product (latest gadget, appliance or device)

2c. Jodie Filogomo is a style blogger who gives tips for

Discuss with your partner.

The floppy disk, invented in 1967, was a way of

Predictions Person 1 Person 2

Grammar: will/going to for predictions

2b. Circle the correct option. Choose between going to/

3b. Listen to a dialogue between a customer and a sales

1. What is the customer looking for? ____________________________________________

Could you tell me… I’ll take it

Positive effects Negative effects

3b. Now compare with your partner, and complete any

4. Write some predictions about the topics below in 50

Population Amount of people The use of

2. Write three tips for someone who is shopping online

Dreaming Sweet Memories

2. Thomas will certainly get a new bike for his birthday.

18 Unit 1 - Grammar & Vocabulary Worksheets

2. Trade I think children won't go to school in the future.

8. Choose the correct alternatives to complete the text.

Unit 1 - Grammar & Vocabulary Worksheets 19

2a. You are going to promote a new piece of technology/

2c. Share your description with a partner and ask him/

20 Unit 1 - Test Yourself

2e. Read the text again in more detail and decide if

2d. Discuss the questions below with your partner.

2e. Work with a partner and write a list of ways to reduce

EASY WAYS TO REDUCE STRESS

5. Those are not our gym clothes, these are __________________

For further practice go to page 35 For further practice go to page 35.

5b. Listen to five conversations about people who have

Grammar: present perfect vs past simple

When I have a cold, my eyes water and I have a runny nose.

2c. Take turns to ask a partner one question about the

3b. Listen to the doctors again. This time match the

1 2 3 PROBLEM SYMPTOM(S) ADVICE

Difficulty to breathe, treatment

3a. Read the dialogue below. What advice

car racing running squash tennis

A. B. C. __

A. B. C. A. B. C.

A. B. C. A. B. C.