LOCAL AND GLOBAL

COMMUNICATION
IN MULTICULTURAL
SETTING

VARIETIES AND
REGISTERS OF SPOKEN
AND WRITTEN THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION
IN MULTICULTURAL SETTING

COMMUNICATION - IT IS THE
SENDING AND RECEIVING OF
INFORMATION AND CAN BE
ONE-ON-ONE OR BETWEEN
GROUPS OF PEOPLE, AND CAN
BE FACE-TO-FACE OR THROUGH
COMMUNICATION DEVICES.
MULTICULTURAL
COMMUCINATION IS THE
ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND
AND APPRECIATE DIFFERENT
CULTURES, AS WELL AS TO
COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY
WITH PEOPLE FROM
DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS.
What is culture?
Culture is how a group of people live,
including their beliefs, traditions, and
way of life.
It includes things like language, food,
music, and customs.
Culture is learned and shared among
people in a group.
It can change over time because of
history, interactions with other
cultures, and new ideas.
 INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
-THE COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN TWO
DIFFERENT CULTURES.

PURPOSE OF INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
TO LESSEN MISUNDERSTANDINGS
INCREASE THE UNDERSTANDING OF
DIFFERENT CULTURAL PRACTICES
ENABLE COOPERATION BETWEEN
DIFFERENT CULTURES
 TYPES OF INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION PROCESS

SYMBOLIC
TRANSACTIONAL

INTERPRETIVE
CONTEXTUAL
EXAMPLES OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

A CHRISTIAN TALKING TO A MUSLIM

THE DISCUSSION WITHIN LEADERS

FROM DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS

SETTING BOUNDARIES WITH SOMEONE FROM

A DIFFERENT CULTURE
 HIGH-CONTEXT AND
LOW CONTEXT CULTURES
HIGH-CONTEXT
CULTURES
Associated with collectivistic cultures.

An emphasis and sensitivity to unspoken, nonverbal messages.

Communicators' moods shape how messages should be interpreted.

Physical context and environment help communicators make sense of messages.

Collectivistic culture allows individuals to understand the meaning of subtle

behaviors.

Verbal messages are fewer, may be indirect, and may imply more than is said.

High-context individuals may not see low- context individuals as less trustworthy.
LOW-CONTEXT
CULTURES
Associated with individualistic cultures.

Relies on spoken messages, verbal expression.

Places a greater emphasis and importance on speech.

Requests for information are more direct, e.g., "Tell it like it is."

Less reliance on the context of communication to understand meaning

Less sensitive to nonverbal cues.

Less skilled at interpreting nonverbal communication.

 HIGH-CONTEXT
CULTURES

JAPANESE
CHINESE
ARABIC
LATIN AMERICA
ITALIAN
BRITISH
FRENCH
UNITED STATES & CANADA
SCANDANAVIAN
GERMAN
SWISS

LOW-CONTEXT
CULTURES
 INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION: POTENTIAL
AREAS FOR
MISINTERPRETATION
ACCORDING TO AJ SCHULER
(2003), MISCOMMUNICATION
IN A CROSS-CULTURAL
SETTING CAN BE MINIMIZED
IF ONE IS AWARE OF THE
DIFFERENT AREAS WHEREIN
MISINTERPRETATION CAN
OCCUR.
 8 POTENTIAL HOTSPOTS IN
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Opening and closing Taking turns during Using Silence

Interrupting
conversations conversations

Using Appropriate Topics Knowing How Sequencing Elements

Using Humor
of Conversation Much to Say During a Conversation
1.Opening and Closing
Conversations
Understanding cultural norms
regarding:

Who initiates conversations.

How individuals are addressed.

When conversations should end.

2. Taking turns during
conversations
Recognizing variations in turn-taking:

Some cultures value immediate

responses.
Others prioritize listening before
commenting.
3. Interrupting
Cultural perceptions of interruption:

Acceptable within certain contexts in

some cultures.

Viewed as impolite in others.

Interrupting without understanding

cultural difference can disrupt
communication flow.
 4. Using Silence
Interpretations of silence vary:

Can signify thoughtfulness or hostility.

Misunderstandings can arise if silence

is misinterpreted.
5. Using Appropriate Topics of
Conversation
Cultural variations in topic appropriateness:

Influenced by religion, education, and societal

norms.

Discussing sensitive topics without cultural

awareness can lead to discomfort or offense.
6. Using humor
Humor's role in communication:

Varied across cultures.

Can enhance rapport or

cause offense.

Cultural context determines

the appropriateness of
humor.
7. Knowing how much
to say
Communication styles:

Directness vs. indirectness.

Cultural preferences influence

communication approaches
8. Sequencing Elements
During a Conversation

Timing's importance in communication:

Knowing when to introduce topics,

change direction, or ask questions.

Failure to consider timing can lead to

confusion or frustration.
 Varieties and Register of
Spoken and Written Language

Languages Spoken Languages Written Languages Language Variety

The principal Is a language Communication A general terms
method of human produced by by means of for any distinctive
communication, articulate sounds, written form of a
either written or as opposed to a symbols/writing language triggered
spoken words. written languages. system. by social factors.
DIFFERENT LANGUAGES

VARIETIES
Pidgin
A simplified speech used for communication
between people with different languages
Creole
Same as pidgin that become the first
language of the children and mother
tongue of the community but language
is a stable natural language developed
from a mixture of different languages.

Regional Dialect
Not a distinct language but a variety of
a language spoken in a particular area
of a country.
Minority Dialect
A particular minority ethnic group have
their own variety which they use as a
marker of identity that mark of identity,
usually alongside a standard variety

Indigenized Varieties
Are spoken mainly as second languages
in ex-colonies with multilingual
populations.
REGISTER
According to Nordquist (2018), a register is the way a
speaker uses language differently in different
circumstances determined by factors as social occasion,
context, purpose, and audience determine the vocabulary,
structure, and some grammar in one’s writing and even in
one’s oral discourse.

LANGUAGE REGISTER
A register voices that describes various styles of language
available for writing or speaking that show an impression
that left of your voice on others.
5 DISTINCT REGISTER
FROZEN
Languages that rarely change that refer to
historical languages and communication.
FORMAL
One-way communication that show
respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained.
5 DISTINCT REGISTER
CASUAL INTIMATE
Used when speaking Used when speaking to
to a friend or a a lover or in a private
family member. conversation.

CONSULTATIVE
Used by expert that can
offer advice.
LANGUAGE REGISTER CLASSIFICATIONS

FORMAL INFORMAL NEUTRAL

LANGUAGE LANGUAGE LANGUAGE
REGISTER REGISTER REGISTER
appropriate appropriate not a
for for writing writing of
professional to a friend formal or
writing or and family informal
letter that relative. but a
will be writing that
given to a used to
superior. deliver facts
or news.
Thank
You! !