‭VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY‬

‭JNANASANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590018‬

‭ n Internship Report‬
A
‭“CONSTRUCTION WORK”‬
‭Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of‬
‭Degree of‬
‭BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING‬
‭In‬
‭CIVIL ENGINEERING‬
‭Submitted By‬
‭SOURAV JANGAMASHETTI‬
‭(2BL21CV427)‬
‭Internship Carried Out‬
‭At‬
‭SKY HEIGHTS‬
‭CONSTRUCTION‬

‭Department of Civil Engineering‬

‭B.L.D.E.A's V.P. Dr.P.G. Halakatti College of‬

‭Engineering and Technology‬
‭Vijayapura-586103‬

‭2023-2024‬
 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭B.L.D.E.A's V.P. Dr. P.G. Halakatti COLLEGE OF‬

‭ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY‬
‭VIJAYAPURA-586103‬

‭DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING‬

‭CERTIFICATE‬

‭ his‬ ‭is‬ ‭to‬ ‭certify‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭Internship‬ ‭work‬ ‭entitled‬ ‭“‭C
T ‬ ONSTRUCTION‬
‭WORK”‬‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭bonafide‬ ‭work‬ ‭carried‬ ‭out‬ ‭by‬ ‭Mr.‬ ‭SOURAV‬
‭JANGAMASHETTI‬ ‭(2BL21CV427)‬ ‭Submitted‬ ‭in‬ ‭Partial‬ ‭Fulfillment‬ ‭of‬
‭the‬ ‭Requirement‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭Award‬ ‭of‬ ‭Degree‬ ‭of‬ ‭BACHELOR‬ ‭OF‬
‭ENGINEERING‬ ‭in‬ ‭VIII‬ ‭Semester‬ ‭of‬ ‭VISVESVARAYA‬
‭TECHNOLOGICAL‬ ‭UNIVERSITY,‬ ‭BELAGAVI‬ ‭during‬ ‭the‬ ‭year‬ ‭2023‬ ‭-‬
‭2024.‬ ‭It‬ ‭is‬ ‭certified‬ ‭that‬ ‭all‬ ‭corrections/suggestions‬ ‭indicated‬ ‭for‬ ‭internal‬
‭assessment‬ ‭have‬ ‭been‬ ‭incorporated‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭internship‬ ‭report.‬ ‭The‬ ‭internship‬
‭report‬‭has‬‭been‬‭approved‬‭as‬‭it‬‭satisfies‬‭the‬‭academic‬‭requirements‬‭in‬‭respect‬
‭of‬ ‭internship‬ ‭work‬ ‭prescribed‬ ‭for‬ ‭BACHELOR‬ ‭OF‬ ‭ENGINEERING‬
‭DEGREE IN CIVIL‬‭ENGINEERING.‬

‭ UIDE
G HOD PRINCIPAL‬
‭V.P.HUGGI N.N.DESAI V.G.SANGAM‬

‭External Examiners Signature with‬

‭Date‬

‭1)‬

‭2)‬
‭ACKNOWLEDGEMENT‬

I‭ ‬‭would‬‭like‬‭to‬‭express‬‭deep‬‭sense‬‭of‬‭gratitude‬‭to‬‭our‬‭beloved‬‭principal‬
‭DR.‬ ‭V.‬ ‭G.‬ ‭SANGAM‬ ‭providing‬ ‭all‬ ‭facilities‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭college.‬ ‭i‬ ‭would‬ ‭like‬ ‭to‬
‭thank‬ ‭our‬‭head‬‭of‬‭department‬‭prof.‬‭N.N.‬‭DESAI‬‭for‬‭providing‬‭facilities‬‭and‬
‭fostering congenial academic environment in the college.‬

I‭ ‬ ‭take‬ ‭great‬ ‭honour‬ ‭and‬ ‭immense‬ ‭in‬‭expressing‬‭my‬‭sincere‬‭and‬‭deepest‬

‭gratitude‬ ‭to‬ ‭ER.GURURAJ‬ ‭BHAVIKATTI‬ ‭for‬ ‭accepting‬ ‭my‬ ‭proposal‬ ‭for‬
‭internship at their consultancy and allowing me to learn lot of things.‬

I‭ ‬‭feel‬‭deeply‬‭indebted‬‭to‬‭my‬‭esteemed‬‭guide‬‭DR.‬‭V.P.HUGGI‬‭for‬‭the‬‭help‬
‭and‬ ‭guidance‬ ‭provided‬ ‭during‬ ‭all‬ ‭stages‬ ‭of‬ ‭internship.‬ ‭i‬ ‭would‬ ‭take‬ ‭this‬
‭opportunity‬‭to‬‭thank‬‭all‬‭the‬‭faculty‬‭members‬‭and‬‭supporting‬‭staff‬‭for‬‭helping‬
‭me in this endeavor.‬

‭ ast‬ ‭but‬ ‭not‬ ‭the‬ ‭least‬ ‭we‬ ‭would‬ ‭like‬ ‭to‬ ‭thank‬ ‭to‬ ‭all‬ ‭workers‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬
L
‭contractor and the consultant side starting from engineers to daily laborers.‬
‭SOURAV JANGAMASHETTI (2BL21CV427)‬
 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭STUDENT DECLARATION‬
‭CONTENTS‬

‭CHAPTER 1: ABOUT THE COMPANY‬

‭CHAPTER 2: ABOUT THE CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT‬

‭CHAPTER 3: OBSERVATION AND TASKS PERFORMED‬

‭CHAPTER 4: GENERAL OUTCOMES OF INTERNSHIP‬

‭CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION‬
 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭CHAPTER 1‬

‭ABOUT THE COMPANY‬

‭ KY‬‭HEIGHTS‬‭CONSTRUCTION‬‭is‬‭being‬‭located‬‭in‬‭Vijayapura‬‭and‬
S
‭started‬ ‭by‬ ‭Mr.‬ ‭GURURAJ‬ ‭BHAVIKATTI.‬ ‭It‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭well‬‭known‬‭company‬‭and‬
‭completed‬ ‭about‬ ‭more‬ ‭than‬ ‭150‬‭projects,‬‭and‬‭there‬‭are‬‭9‬‭ongoingwork‬‭with‬
‭6+ years of work experience in planning, structural designing and civil‬
‭consultancy‬ ‭works‬ ‭by‬ ‭becoming‬ ‭one‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭top‬ ‭construction‬ ‭company‬ ‭in‬
‭Vijayapura‬
‭.‬
‭VISION:‬ ‭“Be‬ ‭one‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭leaders‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭engineering‬ ‭&‬ ‭construction‬
‭consultancy‬ ‭services‬ ‭business‬ ‭and‬ ‭provide‬‭global,‬‭flexible,‬‭speedy,‬‭low‬‭cost‬
‭and‬ ‭innovative‬ ‭technology‬ ‭solutions‬ ‭and‬ ‭best‬ ‭in‬ ‭class‬ ‭quality‬ ‭services‬ ‭to‬
‭Strengthen Indian construction services.‬

‭OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANEY;‬

✓
‭ ‬‭Creating standout designs for each project. Delivering‬‭unparalleled‬
‭service to exceed client requirements.‬
‭✓‬‭Maintaining honesty, ethical behavior, accountability,‬‭and integrity.‬
‭✓‬‭Responding quickly to the changing market conditions.‬
‭✓‬‭Improving job site productivity through effective‬‭job controls.‬
‭✓‬‭Creating an environment that fosters growth and‬‭development of our‬
‭biggest asset –Our People.‬

‭BLDEA’S CET VIJAYAPURA‬ ‭1‬

 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭CHAPTER 2:‬

‭ABOUT THE CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT‬

‭ onstruction‬ ‭Department‬ ‭workers‬ ‭play‬ ‭a‬ ‭vital‬ ‭role‬ ‭in‬ ‭determining‬ ‭the‬ ‭look‬ ‭of‬ ‭films:‬
C
‭theyare‬ ‭responsible‬ ‭for‬ ‭building,‬ ‭painting‬ ‭and‬ ‭plastering‬ ‭all‬ ‭the‬ ‭sets‬ ‭required‬ ‭for‬
‭productions.They‬ ‭work‬ ‭closely‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬ ‭Art‬ ‭and‬ ‭Design‬ ‭Department‬ ‭to‬ ‭ensure‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬
‭Director's and the Production Designer's ideas are visually realized on sets.‬

‭ he‬ ‭Construction‬ ‭Department‬ ‭is‬ ‭overseen‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭Construction‬ ‭Manager,‬ ‭who‬ ‭is‬
T
‭responsible‬ ‭for‬ ‭ensuring‬ ‭that‬ ‭all‬ ‭the‬ ‭required‬ ‭work‬ ‭is‬ ‭completed‬ ‭to‬ ‭deadline,‬ ‭within‬
‭budget,‬ ‭and‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭specifications‬ ‭set‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭Production‬ ‭Designer.‬ ‭Once‬ ‭appointed,‬
‭Construction‬ ‭Managers‬ ‭are‬ ‭responsible‬ ‭for‬ ‭hiring‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭required‬ ‭number‬ ‭of‬
‭Carpenters,Painters,‬‭Riggers‬‭and‬‭Plasterers,‬‭as‬‭well‬‭as‬‭for‬‭coordinating‬‭the‬‭purchase‬‭of‬‭all‬
‭the necessary materials and tools.‬

I‭ n‬ ‭addition‬ ‭to‬ ‭excellent‬ ‭craft‬ ‭skills‬ ‭in‬ ‭their‬ ‭chosen‬ ‭field,‬ ‭members‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭Construction.‬
‭Department‬ ‭must‬ ‭also‬ ‭have‬ ‭strong‬ ‭creative‬ ‭abilities.‬ ‭They‬ ‭are‬ ‭often‬ ‭required‬ ‭to‬ ‭create‬
‭structures‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭specific‬ ‭period‬ ‭or‬ ‭historical‬ ‭style,‬ ‭or‬ ‭they‬ ‭may‬ ‭be‬ ‭required‬ ‭to‬ ‭'distress'‬
‭theirwork,‬ ‭so‬ ‭that‬ ‭it‬ ‭looks‬ ‭worn‬ ‭and‬ ‭lived‬ ‭in‬ ‭rather‬‭than‬‭brand‬‭new.‬‭They‬‭must‬‭have‬‭an‬
‭excellent‬ ‭working‬ ‭knowledge‬ ‭of‬‭all‬‭the‬‭materials‬‭available‬‭in‬‭their‬‭field,‬‭combined‬‭with‬
h‭ ighly‬‭developed‬‭technical‬‭skills,‬‭far‬‭in‬‭advance‬‭of‬‭those‬‭required‬‭by‬‭traditional‬‭domestic‬
‭plasterers, painters, scaffolders, or carpenters.‬

‭ROLES OF THE CONSTRUCTION TEAM MEMBERS‬

‭The Surveyor‬

‭ he Role of Building Construction Project Team Members in Building Projects Delivery‬

T
‭Surveyor is the custodian of land information. The size, topography, location, features on‬
‭and‬ ‭beneath‬ ‭the‬ ‭land‬ ‭upon‬ ‭which‬ ‭any‬ ‭development‬ ‭is‬ ‭built,‬ ‭is‬ ‭determined‬ ‭first‬ ‭by‬
‭surveyors.‬‭Without‬‭this‬‭information,‬‭no‬‭proper,‬‭adequate,‬‭effective‬‭and‬‭accurate‬‭planning,‬
‭design and execution of building projects can be carried out‬
‭The Builder‬

‭ ‬‭Builder‬‭is‬‭the‬‭professional‬‭at‬‭the‬‭centre‬‭of‬‭the‬‭physical‬‭construction‬‭of‬‭buildings.‬
A
‭His‬‭role‬‭in‬‭building‬‭development‬‭process‬‭in‬‭general,‬‭is‬‭to‬‭construct‬‭the‬‭building.‬‭He‬‭does‬
‭this‬ ‭by‬ ‭taking‬ ‭charge‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭activities‬ ‭on‬ ‭a‬ ‭building‬ ‭construction‬ ‭site‬ ‭in‬ ‭translating‬
‭designs,‬‭working‬‭drawings,‬‭schedules‬‭and‬‭specifications‬‭into‬‭a‬‭physical‬‭structure.‬‭He‬‭uses‬
‭BLDEA’S CET VIJAYAPURA‬ ‭2‬
 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

h‭ is‬ ‭production‬ ‭management‬ ‭expertise,‬ ‭coupled‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬ ‭necessary‬ ‭resources‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬
‭money,‬‭manpower,‬‭materials,‬‭and‬‭machineries,‬‭in‬‭the‬‭site‬‭execution‬‭of‬‭building‬‭projects.‬
‭His‬ ‭expertise‬ ‭in‬ ‭Building‬ ‭production‬ ‭management‬‭is‬‭the‬‭main‬‭professional‬‭input‬‭that‬‭he‬
‭renders‬ ‭on‬‭building‬‭projects.‬‭In‬‭constructing‬‭buildings,‬‭a‬‭Builder‬‭performs‬‭the‬‭following‬
‭roles:‬

▪‭ Carry out Build ability and Maintainability analysis‬

‭▪ Prepare Production Management Documents.‬
‭▪ Manage the production process on site.‬
‭▪ The Builder’s role in building development process starts from the planning/design‬
‭stage but takes prominence at the construction stage. The function of the Builder is the‬
‭main thrust of this book.‬

‭The Engineers‬

‭ ngineers‬ ‭are‬ ‭very‬ ‭important‬ ‭members‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭design‬ ‭team‬ ‭whose‬‭responsibilities‬‭are‬‭to‬
E
‭assist‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭overall‬ ‭design‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭project‬ ‭within‬ ‭the‬ ‭scope‬ ‭of‬ ‭their‬ ‭specialist‬ ‭fields.‬
‭Engineers‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭geotechnical,‬ ‭structural,‬ ‭electrical,‬ ‭mechanical,‬ ‭and‬ ‭will‬ ‭so‬ ‭on,‬ ‭will‬
‭carry‬‭out‬‭various‬‭analyses‬‭and‬‭calculations‬‭before‬‭arriving‬‭at‬‭the‬‭optimal‬‭design‬‭solution‬
‭for‬ ‭a‬ ‭specific‬ ‭building.‬ ‭Thereafter,‬‭they‬‭will‬‭produce‬‭drawings,‬‭specifications,‬‭schedules‬
‭and‬ ‭other‬ ‭relevant‬ ‭data‬ ‭that‬ ‭may‬ ‭be‬‭required‬‭for‬‭the‬‭overall‬‭design‬‭of‬‭the‬‭project‬‭and‬‭to‬
‭assist‬ ‭the‬ ‭quantity‬ ‭surveyor‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭preparation‬ ‭of‬ ‭bills‬ ‭of‬ ‭quantities‬ ‭and‬‭costing‬‭and‬‭the‬
‭client‬‭in‬‭his‬‭assessment‬‭of‬‭the‬‭suitability‬‭of‬‭the‬‭project,‬‭regarding‬‭statutory‬‭requirements.‬
‭During‬‭project‬‭execution‬‭stage,‬‭engineers‬‭should‬‭visit‬‭the‬‭site‬‭periodically‬‭for‬‭inspections‬
‭to‬ ‭ensure‬ ‭that‬ ‭in‬ ‭general,‬ ‭the‬ ‭work‬ ‭being‬ ‭carried‬ ‭out‬ ‭is‬ ‭in‬ ‭compliance‬ ‭with‬ ‭their‬
‭engineering‬ ‭drawings,‬ ‭schedules‬ ‭and‬ ‭specifications.‬ ‭They‬ ‭must‬ ‭also‬ ‭be‬ ‭available‬ ‭to‬
‭modify‬ ‭or‬ ‭re-‬ ‭design‬ ‭theirindividual‬ ‭aspects‬ ‭as‬ ‭may‬ ‭become‬ ‭necessary.‬ ‭Also‬ ‭some‬
‭projects‬ ‭may‬ ‭require‬ ‭the‬ ‭services‬ ‭of‬ ‭resident‬ ‭engineers‬ ‭on‬‭the‬‭building‬‭project‬‭site.‬‭The‬
‭duties of a Project Engineer‬
‭▪‬ ‭Reviews‬ ‭all‬ ‭preliminary‬ ‭reports‬ ‭including‬ ‭advance‬ ‭planning‬ ‭studies‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭project.‬
‭Proper‬ ‭shoulder‬ ‭widths,‬ ‭traffic‬ ‭and‬ ‭false‬ ‭work‬ ‭clearances,‬ ‭approach‬ ‭slabstatus,‬ ‭and‬
‭adequate‬ ‭stream‬ ‭flow‬ ‭and‬ ‭scour‬ ‭provisions‬ ‭must‬ ‭be‬ ‭verified‬ ‭prior‬ ‭todeveloping‬ ‭the‬
‭General Plan‬
‭▪ Reviews completed General Plans.‬
‭▪ Reviews General Plan estimates.‬
‭▪ Keeps record of Project Plan prints distribution.‬
‭▪ Reviews entire project for continuity and completeness‬

‭The Project Manager:‬

‭ hile‬‭the‬‭responsibility‬‭for‬‭complying‬‭with‬‭specifications‬‭is‬‭firmly‬‭placed‬‭with‬‭the‬
W
‭contractor,‬ ‭the‬ ‭unspoken‬ ‭assumption‬ ‭is‬ ‭made‬ ‭that‬ ‭unless‬ ‭a‬ ‭client‬ ‭maintains‬ ‭his‬ ‭own‬
‭representative‬ ‭(the‬ ‭project‬ ‭manager)‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭site‬ ‭to‬ ‭watch‬ ‭and‬ ‭inspect‬ ‭the‬ ‭works,‬ ‭the‬

‭BLDEA’S CET VIJAYAPURA‬ ‭3‬

 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

r‭ esultant‬ ‭structure‬ ‭or‬ ‭building‬ ‭will‬ ‭not‬ ‭be‬ ‭in‬‭conformity‬‭with‬‭specified‬‭quality‬‭standard.‬

‭While‬‭one‬‭may‬‭agree‬‭with‬‭the‬‭statement,‬‭one‬‭will‬‭like‬‭to‬‭believe‬‭that‬‭it‬‭is‬‭in‬‭recognition‬
‭of‬ ‭this‬ ‭statement‬ ‭of‬ ‭fact‬ ‭that‬ ‭all‬ ‭the‬ ‭standard‬ ‭form‬ ‭of‬ ‭building‬ ‭contracts‬ ‭always‬ ‭has‬ ‭a‬
‭condition for the client to have a representative on site.‬

‭ he‬‭role‬‭of‬‭the‬‭client‬‭representative‬‭o‬‭site‬‭is‬‭to‬‭inspect‬‭quality‬‭of‬‭materials‬‭and‬ ‭the‬
T
‭workmanship‬‭to‬‭ensure‬‭that‬‭they‬‭all‬‭comply‬‭with‬‭drawings‬‭and‬‭specifications.‬‭The‬‭person‬
‭Capable‬ ‭of‬ ‭inspecting‬ ‭materials‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭workmanship‬ ‭of‬ ‭works‬ ‭must‬ ‭be‬ ‭a‬ ‭professional‬
‭that‬ ‭is‬ ‭well‬ ‭trained‬ ‭in‬ ‭building‬ ‭construction,‬ ‭and‬ ‭with‬ ‭training‬ ‭in‬ ‭project‬ ‭management.‬
‭However,‬ ‭the‬ ‭size,‬ ‭type‬ ‭and‬ ‭complexity‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬ ‭particular‬ ‭building‬ ‭project‬ ‭may‬ ‭make‬ ‭it‬
‭necessary‬‭to‬‭have‬‭in‬‭addition‬‭to‬‭the‬‭project‬‭manager,‬‭a‬‭resident‬‭builder,‬‭resident‬‭engineers‬
‭and‬ ‭a‬ ‭resident‬ ‭architect.‬ ‭When‬ ‭they‬‭are‬‭all‬‭on‬‭site‬‭representing‬‭the‬‭interest‬‭of‬‭the‬‭client,‬
‭their roles are complementary.‬

‭ or‬ ‭example,‬ ‭while‬ ‭the‬ ‭resident‬ ‭architect‬ ‭will‬ ‭inspect‬ ‭those‬ ‭materials,‬ ‭and‬
F
‭components‬ ‭specified‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭project‬ ‭architect‬ ‭and‬ ‭also‬ ‭check‬ ‭dimensions‬ ‭physically‬ ‭on‬
‭site,‬‭the‬‭engineers‬‭will‬‭equally‬‭inspect‬‭materials‬‭specified‬‭by‬‭each‬‭one‬‭of‬‭them‬‭(structural,‬
‭electrical‬ ‭and‬ ‭mechanical)‬ ‭and‬ ‭their‬ ‭positioning‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭works,‬ ‭the‬ ‭resident‬ ‭builder‬ ‭will‬
‭have‬ ‭to‬ ‭ensure‬ ‭by‬ ‭way‬ ‭of‬ ‭continuous‬ ‭inspections‬ ‭the‬ ‭implementation‬ ‭of‬ ‭construction‬
‭methodology‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭project‬ ‭manager‬ ‭will‬ ‭ensure‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭project‬ ‭quality‬ ‭management‬
‭plan and stage of work is in conformity with the design.‬

‭SAFETY AND QUALITY‬

‭ afety‬ ‭was‬ ‭given‬ ‭importance‬ ‭on‬ ‭site‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭Project‬ ‭Manager‬ ‭kept‬ ‭a‬ ‭track‬ ‭of‬ ‭safety‬
S
‭Methods‬ ‭in‬ ‭entire‬ ‭project‬ ‭during‬ ‭the‬ ‭execution.‬ ‭Project‬ ‭Manager‬ ‭used‬ ‭to‬ ‭carry‬ ‭safety‬
‭inspections‬ ‭on‬ ‭a‬ ‭regular‬ ‭basis.‬ ‭Some‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭safety‬ ‭rules‬ ‭followed‬ ‭strictly‬ ‭at‬ ‭site‬ ‭were:‬
‭Visitors‬ ‭entering‬ ‭the‬ ‭site‬ ‭should‬ ‭strictly‬ ‭wear‬ ‭safety‬ ‭helmets.‬ ‭Also‬ ‭visitors‬ ‭must‬ ‭be‬
‭accompanied by the concerned engineer of that particular area to be visited.‬
‭▪ No workmen below 14 years or above 65 years of age shall be engaged for a job. Child‬
‭labors strictly prohibited.‬
‭▪ Eye protective equipment was used by the labors engaged in activities such as welding,‬
‭chipping and other jobs that require eye protection.‬
‭▪‬‭Hand‬‭gloves‬‭were‬‭worn‬‭while‬‭handling‬‭sharp‬‭articles,‬‭hot‬‭material,‬‭corrosive‬‭chemical,‬
‭welding, cutting etc.‬
‭▪ Adequate illumination at workplace was ensured before starting the job at night.‬
‭▪ All scaffoldings/ work platform was made strong enough to take the expected load.‬
‭▪‬‭All‬‭Machine‬‭and‬‭tools‬‭were‬‭inspected‬‭before‬‭use.‬‭Defects‬‭were‬‭reported‬‭immediately‬‭to‬
‭Store manager‬

‭BLDEA’S CET VIJAYAPURA‬ ‭4‬

 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭CHAPTER 3‬

‭TASKS PERFORMED DURING INTERNSHIP‬

1‭ .‬ ‭ ite inspection.‬
S
‭2.‬ ‭Measurement of the site.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Building planning and drawing.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Cost analysis.‬
‭5.‬ ‭Line out of building at construction site.‬
‭6.‬ ‭Understood the various diameter of steel and grade of concrete used in‬
‭construction site.‬
‭7.‬ ‭Estimation of quantity of steel‬
‭8.‬ ‭Estimation of quantity of concrete.‬
‭9.‬ ‭Understood the process of excavation, construction of footing, column, plinth‬
‭beam & slab etc.‬
‭10.‬‭Checked out beam alignment and slab thickness before slab casting.‬
‭11.‬‭Observed the formwork, bending & binding of steel bars & placement of cement‬
‭concrete of slab.‬
‭12.‬‭Observed process of water proofing, flooring & painting etc.‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭SCHEDULE OF WORK‬
‭DATE‬ ‭WORK‬
‭14/8/23‬ ‭OFFICE VISIT‬
‭15/8/23‬ ‭SITE VISIT‬
‭17/8/23‬ ‭SLAB REINFORCEMENT‬
‭18/8/23‬ ‭SLAB CONCRETE PLACING‬
‭19/8/23‬ ‭PAINTING WORK‬
‭21/8/23‬ ‭ESTIMATION CLASS‬
‭22/8/23‬ ‭ESTIMATION CLASS‬
‭23/8/23‬ ‭ESTIMATION CLASS‬
‭24/8/23‬ ‭BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION‬
‭25/8/23‬ ‭BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION‬
‭26/8/23‬ ‭BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION‬
‭28/8/23‬ ‭BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION‬
‭29/8/23‬ ‭STAIRCASE REINFORCEMENT‬
‭30/8/23‬ ‭STAIRCASE CONCRETE PLACING‬

‭31/8/23‬ ‭FLOORING WORK‬

‭1/9/23‬ ‭COLUMN SHUTTERIING‬
‭2/9/22‬ ‭SITE VISIT‬
‭4/9/22‬ ‭LINTEL CHEJJA CONSTRUCTION‬

‭5/9/22‬ ‭SITE VISIT‬

‭6/9/22‬ ‭SITE VISIT ON COLUMN PLACING‬
‭7/9/22‬ ‭SITE VISIT‬
‭8/9/22‬ ‭BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION‬
‭9/9/22‬ ‭SITE VISIT‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭BASIC TERMS USED IN THE FIELD‬

‭PCC‬ ‭(Plain‬ ‭Cement‬ ‭Concrete):‬ ‭-‬‭The‬‭amalgamation‬‭of‬‭cement,‬‭fine‬‭aggregate,‬
‭and‬ ‭coarse‬ ‭aggregate‬ ‭are‬ ‭known‬ ‭as‬ ‭plain‬ ‭cement‬ ‭concrete‬ ‭(PCC).‬ ‭Before‬
‭beginning‬ ‭R.C.C.‬ ‭or‬ ‭masonry‬ ‭PCC‬ ‭is‬‭done‬‭to‬‭form‬‭an‬‭even‬‭surface‬‭and‬‭to‬‭avoid‬
‭mixing with the soil and to avoid soil extracting water PCC is used.‬

‭RCC‬‭(Reinforced‬‭Cement‬‭Concrete):‬‭-‬‭In‬‭RCC,‬‭the‬‭concrete‬‭which‬‭is‬‭made‬‭up‬
‭of‬ ‭cement,‬ ‭coarse‬ ‭gravel‬ ‭and‬ ‭water‬ ‭is‬ ‭reinforced‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬ ‭help‬ ‭of‬ ‭steel‬ ‭or‬ ‭iron‬
‭bars.The steel reinforcing bars are embedded in the concrete before it sets up.‬

‭Shuttering:-‬‭Temporary‬ ‭metal,plywood,‬ ‭timber,or‬ ‭other‬ ‭materials‬ ‭used‬ ‭to‬ ‭offer‬

‭support to wet concrete mix till it gets strength for self-support.‬

‭Casting:‬‭-‬‭Is‬‭the‬‭process‬‭by‬‭which‬‭concrete,‬‭mortar‬‭or‬‭other‬‭materials‬‭are‬‭poured‬
‭into a mould to form a specific shape.‬

‭Fitter:‬‭-‬‭Works‬‭on‬‭a‬‭construction‬‭site‬‭to‬‭install‬‭industrial‬‭pipe‬‭work‬‭in‬‭factories‬
‭and‬ ‭large‬ ‭buildings.Their‬ ‭duties‬ ‭include‬ ‭installing‬ ‭and‬ ‭repairing‬ ‭pipes‬ ‭using‬
‭welding methods, completing jobs on time and ensuring safety on a job site.‬

‭Foremen:‬‭-‬‭Supervising‬‭and‬‭coordinating‬‭the‬‭work‬‭of‬‭construction‬‭workers‬‭on‬‭a‬
‭construction site.‬

‭Contractor:‬ ‭-‬ ‭Is‬ ‭an‬ ‭organization‬ ‭or‬ ‭person‬ ‭hired‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭client‬‭to‬‭carry‬‭out‬‭the‬
‭work that is required for the completion of a project.‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭MATERIALS USED IN CONSTRUCTION SITE‬

‭CONCRETE‬

‭ oncrete‬ ‭is‬ ‭the‬ ‭most‬ ‭important‬ ‭and‬ ‭widely‬ ‭used‬ ‭building‬ ‭material.‬‭It‬‭is‬‭made‬‭of‬
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‭cement,‬ ‭fine‬ ‭and‬ ‭coarse‬ ‭aggregates‬ ‭,and‬ ‭water‬ ‭of‬‭suitable‬‭proportions.‬‭Chemical‬
‭admixtures‬‭are‬‭also‬‭optionally‬‭used‬‭to‬‭accelerate‬‭or‬‭slow‬‭down‬‭the‬‭setting‬‭process‬
‭of concrete.‬

‭ he‬ ‭properties‬ ‭of‬ ‭concrete‬ ‭depend‬ ‭upon‬ ‭the‬ ‭quantity‬ ‭and‬ ‭mix‬ ‭ratio‬ ‭of‬ ‭concrete‬
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‭ingredients.‬ ‭The‬ ‭use‬ ‭of‬ ‭concrete‬ ‭has‬ ‭become‬ ‭predominant‬ ‭in‬‭construction‬‭where‬
‭strength and durability are prime factors.‬

‭ owadays,‬‭most‬‭residential,‬‭commercial,‬‭and‬‭industrial‬‭buildings‬‭are‬‭constructed‬
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‭of‬ ‭concrete.‬ ‭Different‬ ‭types‬ ‭of‬ ‭concrete‬ ‭are‬ ‭used‬ ‭in‬ ‭construction‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭plain‬
‭cement concrete, reinforced cement concrete, prestressed concrete, etc.‬

‭CEMENT‬

‭ ement‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭binding‬ ‭agent‬ ‭for‬ ‭construction‬ ‭materials.‬ ‭Cement‬ ‭is‬ ‭produced‬ ‭by‬
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‭burning‬ ‭at‬ ‭high‬ ‭temperatures‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭definite‬ ‭mixture‬ ‭of‬ ‭calcareous,‬ ‭siliceous,‬ ‭and‬
‭aluminous raw materials and crushing the resulting clinkers to a fine powder.‬

‭ ement‬ ‭is‬ ‭the‬ ‭costliest‬ ‭ingredient‬ ‭in‬ ‭concrete‬ ‭and‬ ‭is‬ ‭available‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭variety‬ ‭of‬
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‭forms.‬ ‭When‬ ‭cement‬ ‭is‬ ‭mixed‬ ‭with‬ ‭water,‬ ‭a‬ ‭chemical‬ ‭reaction‬ ‭starts,‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬
‭powder transforms into a paste that binds all the materials with it.‬

‭ he‬ ‭properties‬ ‭of‬ ‭cement‬ ‭depend‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭chemical‬ ‭composition,‬ ‭manufacturing‬
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‭process,and‬ ‭degree‬ ‭of‬ ‭fineness.There‬ ‭are‬ ‭almost‬ ‭16‬ ‭types‬ ‭of‬ ‭cement‬ ‭used‬ ‭in‬
‭construction,depending‬ ‭upon‬ ‭the‬ ‭type‬ ‭of‬ ‭structure.‬ ‭The‬ ‭most‬ ‭common‬ ‭types‬ ‭of‬
‭cement‬‭used‬‭are‬‭Ordinary‬‭Portland‬‭cement‬‭(OPC)‬‭and‬‭Portland‬‭Pozzolana‬‭Cement‬
‭(PPC).‬

‭FINE AGGREGATE‬

‭ ine aggregates are the filler materials in concrete obtained from natural rocks and‬
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‭crushed gravels. The size of the fine aggregates is limited to 4.75 mm and below.‬
‭The fine aggregates are usually inert materials that do not react with the other components‬
‭of concrete. However, the silica content in the fine aggregates should be monitored to‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

p‭ revent the alkali-aggregate reaction which may form unwanted cracks in the structure.‬
‭The most used fine aggregate was river sand, which is now being replaced by‬
‭Manufactured sand, known as M sand. The M sand is obtained by crushing the granite‬
‭stone.‬

‭COARSE AGGREGATE‬

‭ oarse aggregates are another type of filler material of a size greater than 4.75 mm. The‬
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‭coarse aggregates are available in various sizes from 4.5 mm to 150 mm, where 20 mm is‬
‭the most used size. The coarse aggregates are widely used in the production of concrete‬
‭and in the construction of flexible pavements (Bitumen and asphalt pavements).‬‭The most‬
‭used coarse aggregates are crushed stones from quarries and gravels. However, as the‬
‭world moves towards sustainability, the old concrete obtained from demolished buildings‬
‭is also being used as aggregates.‬

‭ADMIXTURE‬

‭ dmixture is an optional component of concrete that is added to modify certain properties‬

A
‭of the concrete to improve its performance. The volume of admixtures added to the‬
‭concrete mix depends upon the need and varies from site to site. The admixtures are of‬
‭two types namely – Mineral admixtures and chemical admixtures. Mineral admixtures are‬
‭solid admixtures that can replace the cement in a concrete mix. The most common‬
‭mineral admixtures are fly ash, Ground granulated Blast furnace slag (GGBS), silica‬
‭fume, rice husk ash, and metakaolin.‬

‭ ORTAR‬
M
‭Mortar is one of the oldest construction materials made using binders and fine‬
‭aggregates.The most common type of binder used in mortar is cement. However, lime can‬
‭also be used as a binder. The mortar used in the brick masonry should always be weaker‬
‭than the bricks. This is to ensure that the failure occurs in the mortar which can be easily‬
‭repaired rather than the bricks‬

‭STRUCTURAL STEEL‬

‭ tructural steel is an alloy of iron made using carbon and manganese. It is the building‬
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‭block of steel structures like trusses, steel buildings, bridges, etc. The structural steel is‬
‭prefabricated at factories and can be easily erected at the site making the construction‬
‭process faster. Using steel for construction also reduces the dead weight of the structure.‬
‭Unlike rebars, structural steel is not circular in shape. It is available in I, H, C, T, L, S, W,‬
‭pipe and box sections.‬

‭BRICKS‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭ ricks are rectangular blocks usually made from clay or mud and hardened by heating or‬
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‭chemical process. Bricks are set with mortar which acts as an adhesive to hold them in‬
‭place and withstand the loads acting on them. Nowadays, bricks are also available in‬
‭different varieties made from concrete, fly ash, lime, calcium silicate, ceramics, etc. Out‬
‭of them, concrete bricks are gaining popularity in modern construction‬

‭STONE‬

‭ tone is also one of the oldest types of building materials used since ancient times. Stone‬
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‭masonry is made using natural stones and mortar. The most common types of stones are‬
‭sandstone, granite, marble, limestone, and laterite. Stone masonry is mostly followed in‬
‭areas that have locally available stones. Stone masonry gives a superior appearance to the‬
‭building and is mostly not plastered to manifest the beauty of the stones. The major‬
‭drawback is that naturally occurring stones are of different sizes and shapes which may be‬
‭difficult to use in masonry construction‬

‭TILES‬

‭ iles are factory manufactured plates of minimum thickness that can be used to cover the‬
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‭surface of walls, floors, ceilings, parking, walkways, etc., They are made using ceramics,‬
‭porcelain, and even recycled plastic. The most alluring properties of the tiles are that they‬
‭come in various colors, and various surface finishes – matte, glossy, normal, glazed and‬
‭they can be customized to any shape. Tiles can be arranged to form interesting patterns‬
‭that are otherwise not possible in conventional flooring materials.‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭.‬

‭DETAILED TASKS PERFORMED WHILE INTERNSHIP‬

‭BUILDING PLAN‬

‭ his is the most vital aspect of home construction. When you embark on a large-scale‬
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‭project, such as building a house from the ground up, you need a thorough plan for the‬
‭space. A home building plan helps you to break down the area into smaller spaces and‬
‭anticipate the features of the different parts. You will need the expert guidance of‬
‭professionals such as architects, civil engineers, and interior designers to create a‬
‭comprehensive home plan that matches your needs and vision.‬

‭BUDGET ESTIMATION‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭ he next step of the house construction process is budget estimation. We know that‬
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‭building a house is a considerable investment involving setting aside a budget. After you‬
‭have the building plan ready, you can provide the details to a building estimator. He will‬
‭estimate the cost of materials, type of machinery, and labour needed to complete the‬
‭project. Based on this, the estimator will provide an approximate budget amount that you‬
‭will require to complete the construction process. If, at the time, your financial capability‬
‭is limited, you can proceed with a loan from a financial institution. Taking care of such‬
‭things in advance will ensure there is no cash crunch situation‬

‭SLAB WORK‬

‭ oncrete Floor Slab Construction Process‬

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‭1. Assemble and Erect Formwork‬
‭2. Prepare and Place Reinforcement‬
‭3. Pour, Compact and Finish Concrete‬
‭4. Curing Concrete and Remove Formwork‬

‭Assemble and Erect Formwork for Slab‬

‭ he formwork shall be designed to withstand construction loads such as fresh concrete‬

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‭pressure and weight of workers and operators and their machines. Guide to Formwork for‬
‭Concrete ACI 347-04 shall be followed for the design of formworks.‬
‭Moreover, there are various construction aspects that need to be considered during the‬
‭erection of formworks. For example, it should be positioned correctly, lined and levelled,‬
‭joints sealed adequately, and prevent protruding of nails into the concrete etc…‬
‭Furthermore, different materials such as wood, steel, and aluminium can be used for the‬
‭formworks of concrete floor slab.‬

‭Prepare and Place Reinforcement for Slab‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭ rior to the placement of reinforcement for concrete floor slab construction, inspect and‬
P
‭check forms to confirm that the dimensions and the location of the concrete members‬
‭conform to the structural plans. Added to that, the forms shall be properly cleaned and‬
‭oiled but not in such amount as to run onto bars or concrete construction joints.‬
‭Design drawings provides necessary reinforcement details, so it only needs understanding‬
‭to use designated bar size, cutting required length, and make necessary hooks and bents.‬
‭After preparation is completed, steel bars are placed into their positions with the provision‬
‭of specified spacings and concrete cover. The concrete cover and spacing for floor slabs‬
‭can be maintained by introducing spacers and bars supporters. Wires are used to tie main‬
‭reinforcement and shrinkage and temperature reinforcement (distribution reinforcement)‬

‭Pour, Compact and Finishing Concrete Floor Slab‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭ ixing, transporting, and handling of concrete shall be properly coordinated with placing‬
M
‭and finishing works. In floor slab, begin concrete placing along the perimeter at one end‬
‭of the work with each batch placed against previously dispatched concrete.‬
‭Concrete should be deposited at, or as close as possible to, its final position in order to‬
‭prevent segregation. So, Concrete placement in large and separate piles, then moving‬
‭them horizontally into final position shall be prevented. Moreover, site engineer shall‬
‭monitor concreting properly, and look for signs of problems. For example, loss of grout is‬
‭the indication of improper sealing and movement of joints. Added to that, cracking,‬
‭excessive deflection, level and plumb, and any movement shall be checked and tackled to‬
‭prevent further problems.‬

‭Curing Concrete and Remove Formwork‬

‭ fter finishing ended, suitable technique shall be used to cure the concrete adequately.‬
A
‭Slab curing methods such as water cure; concrete is flooded; ponded; or mist sprayed. In‬
‭addition to water retaining method in which coverings such as sand; canvas; burlap; or‬
‭straw used to kept slab surface wet continuously, chemical Membranes, and waterproof‬
‭paper or plastic film seal.‬

‭Bricklaying or Masonary work‬

‭BLDEA’S CET VIJAYAPURA‬ ‭14‬

 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭ ricklaying is the next step in the new house construction process. This is where the‬
B
‭visible part of the house is constructed. Depending on your choice, you can choose from‬
‭bricks or concrete blocks to erect the walls. Nowadays, many people prefer concrete‬
‭blockwork owing to its hollow centre, making them much lighter to work with. The‬
‭standard dimension of a concrete block is 450 x 225 m. The thickness may vary from 60‬
‭mm to 150 mm.‬
‭Different types of bonds used in bricklaying.‬
‭1. Stretcher bond‬
‭2. Header bond‬
‭3. English bond and‬
‭4. Flemish bond‬
‭Flemish bond type of bricklaying was used in our construction site.‬

‭Flemish Bond‬

‭ or the breaking of vertical joints in the successive courses, closers are inserted in‬
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‭alternate courses next to the quoin header. In walls having their thickness equal to odd‬
‭number of half bricks, bats are essentially used to achieve the bond.‬
‭Flemish bond, also known as Dutch bond, is created by laying alternate headers and‬
‭stretchers in a single course. The next course of brick is laid such that header lies in the‬
‭middle of the stretcher in the course below, i.e., the alternate headers of each course are‬
‭centred on the stretcher of course below. Every alternate course of Flemish bond starts‬
‭with header at the corner. The thickness of Flemish bond is minimum one full brick. The‬
‭disadvantage of using Flemish bond is that construction of Flemish bond is difficult and‬
‭requires greater skill to lay it properly as all vertical mortar joints need to be aligned‬
‭vertically for best effects. For the breaking of vertical joints in the successive courses,‬
‭closers are inserted in alternate courses next to the quoin header. In walls having their‬
‭thickness equal to odd number of half bricks, bats are used to achieve the bond. Flemish‬
‭bonds have better appearance but are weaker than English bonds for load bearing‬
‭wall construction.‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭The Lintel Chejja‬

‭ fter the walls are ready, the lintel must be constructed on the top. Just like the plinth, a‬
A
‭lintel is a beam placed across the openings like doors, windows etc. in buildings to‬
‭support the load from the structure above. The width of lintel beam is equal to the width‬
‭of wall, and the ends of it is built into the wall. Lintels are classified based on their‬
‭material of construction. Horizontal lintels are easy to construct as compared to arches.‬
‭Lintels are classified as:‬
‭1. Timber Lintels‬
‭2. Stone Lintels‬
‭3. Brick Lintels‬
‭4. Reinforced Brick Lintel‬
‭5. Steel Lintel‬
‭6. Reinforced Concrete Lintel‬

‭Reinforced Cement Concrete Lintels‬

‭ einforced‬‭cement‬‭concrete‬‭is‬‭the‬‭most‬‭suitable‬‭and‬‭commonly‬‭used‬‭material‬‭for‬‭lintels.‬
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‭It‬ ‭is‬ ‭resistant‬ ‭to‬ ‭fire,‬ ‭insects,‬ ‭temperature‬ ‭stresses‬ ‭and‬ ‭atmospheric‬ ‭agents.‬ ‭It‬ ‭possesses‬
‭excellent‬‭resistance‬‭to‬‭tensile‬‭stresses‬‭with‬‭minimum‬‭size‬‭and‬‭is‬‭best‬‭suited‬‭for‬‭long‬‭spans‬
‭and heavy loading conditions. They are economical and easy in construction.6‬

‭ CC‬‭lintels‬‭have‬‭replaced‬‭all‬‭other‬‭materials‬‭for‬‭lintels.‬‭No‬‭relieving‬‭arches‬‭are‬‭necessary‬
R
‭when‬‭RCC‬‭lintels‬‭are‬‭adopted.‬‭The‬‭usual‬‭concrete‬‭mix‬‭for‬‭RCC‬‭lintel‬‭is‬‭1:2:4‬‭i.e.,‬‭1‬‭part‬
‭of‬‭cement,‬‭2‬‭parts‬‭of‬‭sand‬‭and‬‭4‬‭parts‬‭of‬‭aggregates‬‭by‬‭volume.‬‭Plain‬‭concrete‬‭lintels‬‭can‬
‭be‬‭used‬‭up‬‭to‬‭a‬‭span‬‭of‬‭about‬‭80cm.‬‭But‬‭some‬‭form‬‭of‬‭reinforcement‬‭is‬‭necessary‬‭in‬‭RCC‬
‭lintels‬‭as‬‭plain‬‭concrete‬‭is‬‭weak‬‭in‬‭tension.‬‭The‬‭amount‬‭of‬‭reinforcement‬‭depends‬‭on‬‭the‬
‭span of lintel, width of opening and the total load to be supported by the lintel.‬

‭Reinforcement of Staircase‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭ staircase is defined as a set of steps from one floor to another floor or a‬

A
‭combination of the riser and treads to make easy transportation from one floor to‬
‭another floor in a building. The staircase is one of the important components of any‬
‭building structure. The stair provides easy access from one level to another level‬
‭above or below.‬
‭The following are the different stairs components:‬

‭ tep, Tread, Riser, Going Flight, Landing, Nosing, Line of Nosing, Winders, String‬
S
‭or Stringers, Newel Post, Soffit, Baluster/Spindle Balustrade, Railing, Handrail.‬
‭ he reinforcement detail for a staircase supported by edge beams along each edge is‬
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‭similar to the one supported along its edges by a brick wall. Straight stair flights and‬
‭landings supported by side or centre beams will require cranked beams. The bars at‬
‭the intersections shall be carried for development length past the intersection, and one‬
‭set of bars shall be cranked inside the other because of fouling. To complete the‬
‭intersection extra bars, normal to the angle of intersection, are usually added as‬
‭shown by the bars c and f. When tension bars meeting at a corner produce a resultant‬
‭force resisted by the concrete cover, the bars shall be crossed over and anchored on‬
‭either side of the cross-over by adequate anchorage length for taking up the stresses‬
‭in the bar.‬

‭Flooring‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭ he house‬‭flooring‬‭work typically starts once the‬‭interior and exterior design is almost‬

T
‭complete. You can choose from several options when it comes to flooring. For instance,‬
‭you can opt for Italian marble, granite, ceramic tiles, wooden tiles, clay tiles, vitrified‬
‭tiles, or epoxy flooring. The choice will depend on your budget and your taste.‬

‭ hat Are Glazed Vitrified Tiles?‬

W
‭A‬‭ceramic‬‭tile‬‭with‬‭a‬‭glassy‬‭surface‬‭coating‬‭is‬‭a‬‭type‬‭of‬‭glazed‬‭vitrified‬‭tile,‬‭also‬‭known‬
‭as‬ ‭digital‬ ‭glazed‬ ‭vitrified‬ ‭tiles.‬ ‭They’re‬ ‭formed‬ ‭by‬ ‭mixing‬ ‭clay‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬ ‭rest‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬
‭minerals‬‭and‬‭firing‬‭them‬‭at‬‭temperatures‬‭up‬‭to‬‭a‬‭thousand‬‭degrees.‬‭Glazing‬‭is‬‭a‬‭process‬‭in‬
‭which‬‭the‬‭glass‬‭layer‬‭is‬‭applied‬‭directly‬‭on‬‭the‬‭surface‬‭of‬‭the‬‭tile,‬‭ensuring‬‭its‬‭smooth‬‭and‬
‭polished finish‬

‭ ainting‬
P
‭The‬ ‭painting‬ ‭process‬ ‭includes‬ ‭preparing‬ ‭pre-formed‬ ‭material,‬ ‭base‬ ‭coating,‬ ‭drying,‬
‭overlay coating and drying‬

‭ aint‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭liquid‬ ‭or‬‭mastic‬‭material‬‭that‬‭can‬‭be‬‭applied‬‭to‬‭surfaces‬‭to‬‭colour,‬‭protect‬‭and‬

P
‭provide‬ ‭texture.‬ ‭They‬ ‭are‬ ‭usually‬ ‭stored‬ ‭as‬ ‭a‬ ‭liquid‬ ‭and‬ ‭dry‬ ‭into‬ ‭a‬ ‭thin‬ ‭film‬ ‭after‬
‭application.‬‭Paints‬‭be‬‭categorised‬‭decorative,‬‭are‬‭applied‬‭on‬‭site,‬‭or‬‭industrial,‬‭applied‬‭in‬
‭factories as part of the manufacturing process.‬

‭Some of the attributes normally required from a paint include:‬

‭‬
● ‭ apable of easy application.‬
C
‭●‬ ‭Good flow out of application marks (e.g. brush-marking).‬
‭●‬ ‭Capable of forming a continuous protective film.‬
‭●‬ ‭High opacity.‬
‭●‬ ‭Quick drying.‬
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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭ ‬ ‭Corrosion resistance.‬
●
‭●‬ ‭Water and heat resistance.‬
‭●‬ ‭Colour stability against visible and ultraviolet radiation.‬
‭●‬ ‭Abrasion and scratch resistance.‬
‭●‬ ‭Durability.‬
‭●‬ ‭Flexibility.‬
‭●‬ ‭Easily cleaned.‬
‭Paints‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭applied‬ ‭with‬ ‭a‬ ‭brush‬ ‭or‬ ‭roller,‬ ‭or‬ ‭by‬ ‭dipping,‬ ‭flowcoating,‬ ‭spraying,‬ ‭hot‬
‭spraying,‬ ‭electrostatic‬ ‭spraying,‬ ‭airless‬ ‭spraying,‬ ‭electrodeposition,‬ ‭powder‬ ‭coating,‬
‭vacuum impregnation, immersion, and so on‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭CHAPTER 4: OUTCOMES‬

‭GENERAL OUTCOMES OF INTERNSHIP‬

‭ s a result of the internship program I was able to:‬

A
‭▪ Identify and solve engineering problems.‬
‭▪ Understand the need of education to understand the impact of engineering.‬
‭▪ Use skills and techniques of using tools.‬
‭▪ Identify different leadership skills and styles.‬
‭▪ Assess and evaluate personal managerial strengths and weakness.‬
‭▪ Evaluate the carrier alternatives.‬
‭▪ Improve written and oral communication skills.‬
‭▪ Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering.‬
‭▪ Conduct the field experiments and develop or suggest alternative solutions.‬
‭▪ Understand multidisciplinary teams.‬
‭▪ Improved my way of communicating with labors.‬
‭▪ Demonstrate analytical decision making skills.‬
‭▪ Define and demonstrate a broader understanding of the different construction operation‬
‭processes and the processes of contract administration.‬

‭TECHNICAL OUTCOMES OF THE INTERNSHIP‬

▪‭ Able to know exactly the process of any component construction step by step by daily‬
‭observation of ongoing construction.‬
‭▪ Able to know the importance of specifications.‬
‭▪ Able to know the importance of documentation.‬
‭▪ Was able to study other possible ways for a construction.‬
‭▪ Was able to study different plans of a construction.‬
‭▪ Was able to know the importance of technical skills needed.‬
‭▪ Was able to identify reason for the problems arise during the construction.‬
‭▪‬ ‭Improved‬ ‭the‬ ‭knowledge‬ ‭of‬ ‭mathematics‬ ‭and‬ ‭science‬ ‭by‬ ‭knowing‬ ‭the‬ ‭calculation‬ ‭of‬
‭quantities‬ ‭for‬ ‭different‬ ‭components‬ ‭of‬ ‭structure‬ ‭and‬ ‭by‬ ‭knowing‬ ‭properties‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬
‭materials used.‬

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 ‭INTERNSHIP REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION WORK‬

‭CHAPTER 5‬

‭CONCLUSION‬

‭ verall, the internship was good. We come to know how the engineers work in a‬
O
‭step-by-step manner. Construction of a building it involves various fields such as‬
‭Architectural, Structural, and Site engineering, for each field there are specialized‬
‭engineers.‬
‭During the internship period, we visited a total of eight sites. In the eight sites, we gained‬
‭detailed knowledge about construction of residential building. we learned about‬
‭reinforcement detailing of slabs, beams, columns, footing etc. Also concreting and‬
‭compaction of these components. we also learnt about modern design techniques, modern‬
‭structural construction, aesthetic view, ventilation, electrical work, plastering, flooring,‬
‭painting.‬

‭BLDEA’S CET VIJAYAPURA‬ ‭21‬