A Seminar Report On

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING HOUSING

Submitted to

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI

FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted by

Mr.BALAVANTRAYGOUDABIRADAR

(2JI18CV404)

Internal Guide
Prof. NITYANAND. K.
Department Of Civil Engineering
Jain Collage Of Engineering, Belagavi

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

 BELAGAVI-5900014

2020-2021

JAIN COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING BELAGAVI-
590014

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Seminar work entitled “RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
HOUSING”carried out by Mr.BALAVANTRAYGOUDABIRADAR (2JI18CV404),
bonafide student of The Jain Collage of Engineering, Belagaviin partial fulfilment for the
award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering of Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagaviduring the year 2020-2021. The seminar report has been
approved as it satisfies the academic requirement in respect of seminar work prescribed for
the said degree.

Guide Head of Department Principal & Director

(Prof. NityanandK) (Prof. Rajashekhar M) (Dr. K. G. Vishwanath)

NameofExaminers Signature withDate

1.
2.
 JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
BELAGAVI-590014
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

DECLARATION

I’m, students of 8th semester B.E, at the Department Of Civil Engineering, Jain Collage Of
Engineering, Belagavi declare that the Seminar work entitled “RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
HOUSING” has been presented by me and submitted in partial fulfilment of course
requirement for the award of degree in Bachelor Of Engineering in civil engineering
discipline of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the academic year
2020-2021.

Place: Belagavi BALAVANTRAYGOUDABIRADAR

Date: ( 2JI18CV404)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank the management of JAIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING for providing

necessary the infrastructure and creating good environment to work in. I’m grateful to
management and other helpful staff members of this college.

I wish to express my sincere thanks to my guide, Prof.Nityanand. K,Dept. of Civil

Engineering, Jain College of Engineering, for valuable guidance and encouragement given
during my Seminar work.

I wish to thank Prof. Rajashekhar M, HOD, Dept. of Civil Engineering JCE, for
the encouragement and useful suggestions while working during my Seminar work.

I’m grateful to my Principal & Director Dr. K.G. Vishwanath for his useful
suggestions which helped me in completing my Seminar work successfully.

I shall conclude by expressing my sincere and upmost gratitude to my parents for

encouraging me, since the beginning, to perceive knowledge and education.

I acknowledge the support received from my friends in the completion of

thisSeminar work.

BALAVANTRAYGOUDA BIRADAR

(2JI18CV404)
 “RESIDENTIALBUILDING HOUSING”

CONTENT

1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
4. OBJECTIVES
5. DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
5.1. DETACHED HOUSES
5.2. SEMI-DETACHED HOUSES
5.3. ROW OF HOUSES
5.4. APARTMENTS OR FLATS
5.5. SKYSCRAPER
6. DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOUNDATION
6.1. SHALLOW FOUNDATION

6.1.1. SPREAD FOOTING

6.1.2. COMBINED FOOTING

6.1.3. STRAP FOOTING

6.1.4. RAFT OR MAT FOOTING

6.2. DEEP FOUNDATION

6.2.1. PILE FOUNDATION

6.2.2. PIER FOUNDATION

6.2.3. CAISSONS OR WELL FOUNDATION

7. DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOILS

7.1. SANDY SOIL

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 7.2. SILT SOIL
7.3. CLAY SOIL
7.4. LOAMY SOIL
8. CONCLUSION
9. REFERENCE

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1. ABSTRACT:

Generally building is a structure that provides basic shelter for the humans to
conduct general activities. In common prose, the purpose of buildings is to provide
humans a comfortable working and living space and protected from the extremes of
climate. However, a building usage is depends on the lifespan and the change of the
rate effected on their impact on efficiency of use. Hence, more attention needs to be
emphasized on the performance of buildings as the changes are not static over
time.This paper highlights the concept and requirements in evaluating building
performance. Exploration on the concept of building performance is also addressed
on the purposes of building performance and the link of performance towards the
end-users and incorporating their feedback. It concludes that obtaining users'
feedback is vital in building performance and the requirements of assessment must
outline the performance criteria and mandates in such building.
Bachelor Thesis is created as the project of residential house in Prague. The
engineering design and solutions of the building envelope and structure are designed
according to Czech standard norms.

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2. INTRODUCTION:

Residential building means a building used or constructed to be used for human

habitation includes garage. & other out-houses necessary for the normal use of the
building as a residence.
Residential buildings are dwellings that people live in. These buildings can be
single-family or multi-family dwelling such as mobile homes, apartments,
condominiums, or personal homes. Multi-family units include duplexes and
townhouses. A duplex is two apartments together under one roof. A townhouses is a
two story single unit but usually is arranged beside other similar units. Townhouses
are also referred to as row houses.
Residential building include any building in which sleeping accommodation provide
for normal residential purposes, with or without cooking and dining facilities. It
includes single or multi-family dwellings, apartmenthouses, lodgings or rooming
houses, restaurants, hostels, dormitories and residentialhostels.
Hence a residential building should be planned to provide a peace full leaving within
the available budget. The structure should be designed to with stand all the forces to
be safe during its life time.

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3.OBJECTIVES:
 Providing with all facilities for the residential building, it includes portico, dining,
&drawing hall, kitchen, bed room, study room, guest room, path & w.c with proper
specification.
 Evaluate the costs and requirements for building a residential home.
 To analyse and design a multi-storey R C building.
 To be able to identify different types of residential construction.
 Become more familiar with construction terminology and types.
 To be able to understand styles of building systems.
 To learn about the design of residential building.
 To optimum use of time & manpower.

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4. LITERATURE REVIEW:
Theliteraturedealingwithhomeownershipandlifesatisfactionissurprisinglyscant.Moreimporta
ntly,themajorityoftheliteratureavailabletodatenotonlyconsiderstherelationshipbetweenhomeo
wnershipandlifesatisfaction,butbetweenhomeownershipandvariousothercharacteristics.Thes
eincludesocialaspectslikeneighborhoodstabilityorsocialinvolvement.DietzandHaurin(2003)p
rovidealiteraturereviewonvariousimportantsocialandeconomicbenefitsofhomeownership.Th
eyhighlightfundamentaldifferencesinthebehaviorofhomeownersandrelatedagencies,butemph
asizetheneedforfurtherresearch,usingmoreadvancedeconometricmethods.Overall,however,th
elimitedempiricalevidenceindicatesapositiverelationshipbetweenhomeownershipandlifesatis
faction(Roheetal.,2002).

Housingsatisfactionisinfluencedbyabroadarrayofobjectiveandsubjectivelyperceivedconditio
ns(Theodori,2001).Habitabilityofahouseisinfluencednotonlybytheengineeringelements,butal
sobysocial,behavioral,cultural,andotherelementsintheentiresocietal-
environmentalsystem.Thehouseisonlyonelinkinachainoffactorsthatdeterminepeople’srelative
satisfactionwiththeiraccommodation.Satisfactiononhousingandneighbourhoodconditionsare
oneoftheimportantindicatorsthatreflectqualityoflife.Theseindicatorsarealsoimportantinthepro
cessofevaluatinghousingpolicywiththeobjectivetoincreasethequalityofhousingandneighbour
hood

Bruinandcook(1997)exploredthatbehavioralcharacteristiclikeresidentialcharacteristics,safety
andsecurityandfriendlyrelationshipwiththeirneighborhoodposearethepowerfulfactorsofhousi
ngsatisfaction

Nayar,K.R.
(1997)hascorrelatedthehousingamenitiestohealthimprovementsandexaminedtheconventional
ideathathealth-
promotingfactorssuchashousingconditions,availabilityofdrinkingwater,sanitaryfacilities,etc,
couldcontributetohealthimprovementamongthepopulationsometimesevenmoresignificantlyt
hanhealthservices.Thestudyindicatesadefinitecontributionofhousingconditionsincludingsanit
aryfacilitiesinhealthimprovement.Ukoha,O.
(1997)foundthatthesatisfactionisbasedontheservicesprovidedbytheconstructioncompany.The
satisfactionlevelalsodependsonsomeeconomicfactorslikeeconomybenefit,improvement in
quality of life, planning and environmental issues.

5. DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESIDENTIALBUILDING:

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5.1DETACHED HOUSES

A building walls and roof of which ate independent of any other building with open spaces
on all sidea, expect the portion covered by the garage.

This is entirely an independent house. Its design depends upon the number of family
members to the accommodated in the house, leaving sufficient front, rear margin with the
small garden in front. It may also include amenities such as a private garden, swimming
pool. Etc….

5.2 SEMI-DETACHED HOUSES

A building a two Plots attached to each by a common or adjacent wall with open spaces on
three sides.
A common boundary wall in the form of structural barrier divides an independents plots
into two units. the elevation of this type of houses can be made more attractive with the
longer frontage by keeping the similar elements on either side of the common wall.

5.3ROW OF HOUSES

Anumberof houses can be grouped together, It is preferred for low-income group such as a
laborers or workers. They houses may be single or double storied . A group of houses with
minimum requirements such as living room and kitchen may be constructed.

5.4 APATRTMENT OR FLATS

Industrialization in city area leads to increase in population. Due to this tendency land
values are increased considerably. These reasons makes construction apartment or flat in
city areas.
flat consist of a number of stories in which accommodation is provided in an
independent suite of three to four rooms, such as a living room, kitchen, bath, w.c, etc. it is
suitable for better income group people and is most popular in big cities.

5.5. SKYSCRAPERS

To accommodate the growing population in metropolitan cities, the skyscrapers

or high – rise buildings are being built with multistoreys so soaring high in the

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sky.
A skyscraper is a tall. Continuously habitable building of many stories. It is
designed for both residential and commercial purpose. There is no official
definition or height above which a building may be classified as a skyscraper.
Any building exceeding 1000ft in height essentially a skyscraper. Modern
skyscrapers are materials such as, steel, steel ,glass, reinforced concrete and
granite, etc..

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6. DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOUNDATION:

6.1SHALLOW FOUNDATION:
According to Terzaghi, a foundation is shallow if its depth is equal to or less
than width.

6.1.1. SPREAD FOOTING

This is also know as a stepped spread foundation. Inthis type of footing, a base
foundation is created which is an RCC member. Above which three steps are
created which are done by brickwork.

6.1.2. COMBINED FOOTING

When two or more than two columns come in a row then this type of footing is
constructed.

6.1.3. STRAP FOOTING

In this, if two or more columns are in a row, and these columns are
interconnected by abeam. These types of footings are known as strap or
cantilever footings.

6.1.4. RAFT OR MAT FOOTING

This is also known as combined footing or foundation. It covers the whole
structure. It provides the stability and strength to the structural member like
RCC wall and columns. Above the soil surface, a base is created of any
thickness, it is just done to create a base for Raft Foundation.

6.2. DEEPFOUNDATION:

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Deep foundation are those in which the depth of foundation is very large in
comparison to its width.

6.2.1. PILE FOUNDATION

In this type of foundation, the load is transmitted by a vertical member. This
vertical member is known as a pile. These piles are generally made of steel,
concrete and wooden. These days precast members are used but we can create
these members on site as well.

6.2.2.PIER FOUNDATION
A pier Foundation is a vertical column of relatively larger cross-section than a
pile. The load coming from the superstructure is carried to the hard strata
through these vertical columns. They are generally cast on site. A pier is
installed in dry area by excavating a cylindrical hole.

6.2.3. CAISSONS OR WELL FOUNDATION

Well Foundation is a watertight construction ideally manufactured from
wooden, steel, R.C.C. It is constructed in reference to excavation for the
foundation of bridges, piers in rives, dock structure, and so on.

7. DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOILS:

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7.1.SANDY SOIL:
The first type of soil is sand. It consists of small particles of weathered rock. Sandy
soils are one of the poorest types of soil for growing plants because it has very low
nutrients and poor water holding capacity, which makes it hard for the plant’s roots to
absorb water. This type of soil is very good for the drainage system. Sandy soil is usually
formed by the breakdown or fragmentation of rocks like granite, limestone and quartz.

7.2. SILT SOIL:

Silt, which is known to have much smaller particles compared to sandy soil
and is made up of rock and other mineral particles, which are smaller than
sand and larger than clay. It is the smooth and fine quality of the soil that holds
water better than sand. Silt is easily transported by moving currents and it is
mainly found near the river, lake and other water bodies. The silt soil is more
fertile compared to the other three types of soil. Therefore, it is also used in
agricultural practices to improve soil fertility.

7.3. CLAY SOIL:

Clay is the smallest particle amongst the other two types of soil. The particles
in this soil are tightly packed together with each other with very little or no
airspace. This soil has very good water storage qualities and makes it hard for
moisture and air to penetrate into it. It is very sticky to the touch when wet, but
smooth when dried. Clay is the densest and heaviest type of soil which does
not drain well or provide space for plant roots to flourish.

7.4. LOAMY SOIL:

Loamis the fourth type of soil. It is a combination of sand, silt and clay such
that the beneficial properties from each is included. For instance, it has the
ability to retain moisture and nutrients; hence, it is more suitable for farming.

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This soil is also referred to as agricultural soil as it includes an equilibrium of
all three types of soil materials being sandy, clay, and silt and it also happens
to have humus. Apart from these, it also has higher calcium and pH levels
because of its inorganic origins.

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8.CONCLUSION:

The residential building May broadly be classified into different types.

The residential areas are are to be carefully designed with respect to

aesthetics, basic materials, Housing units, layout, size and shape.
Improved living condition in rural area will slow down the migration of
the population from rural to urban areas.

We can conclude that there is difference between the theoretical and

practical work done. As the scope of understanding will be much more
when practical work is done. As we get more knowledge in such a
situation where we have great experience doing the practical work

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REFERENCE:

1. CSN732901 - Implementation of external thermal insulation composite systems

(ETICS). Czech Normalization Institute, Prague, 04/2005.

2. CSN 732902- External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) -

Design and use of mechanical fastenings for connection to the substrate. Czech
Standards Institute, Prague, 04/2011.

3. CSN 730540-1-Thermal protection of buildings. Part 1: Terms, definitions and

quantities for design and verification, Czech Standards Institute, Prague,
07/2005.

4. CSN 73 0540-2 -Thermal protection of buildings. Part 2: Requirements. Czech

Normalization Institute, Prague, 10/2011.

5. CSN730540-2Z1
-Thermalprotectionofbuildings.Part2:Requirements.CeskynormalizeInstitute,Pra
ha,04/2012.

6. CSN 73 0540-3-Thermalprotectionofbuildings.Part3: Design values for

quantities. Czech Normalization Institute, Prague, 11/2005.

7.

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