PG ACCOMODATION BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION

AN INTERNSHIP REPORT

Submitted to
Visvesvaraya Technological University
BELAGAVI - 590 018

By
HARSHITH Y
USN: 4SU16CV016

Under the guidance of:

Mr. NAVEEN KUMAR

Site Engineer

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

SDM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
UJIRE - 574 240
2019-20

[Type here]
 SDM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
UJIRE – 574 240

Department of Civil Engineering

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Internship Report titled ‘PG ACCOMODATION

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION’ is carried out by Mr. HARSHITH Y,
USN: 4SU16CV016, a bona-fide student of SDM Institute of Technology,
Ujire, at RAL CONSTRUCTIONS, BANGLORE in partial fulfillment
for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil
Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the
year 2019-2020. It is certified that all the corrections/ suggestions indicated
for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in
the departmental library. The report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements in respect of Internship prescribed for the said
Degree.

Mr. Vinaya Shyam D Dr. Krishnaprasad P A Dr. Ashok Kumar T

Internship Coordinator/guide Professor and Head Principal

Signature with date and seal:

External Viva
Name of the Examiners: Signature with
Date
1.
2.
 Acknowledgement

_______________________________________________

I express my deepest gratitude to my guide Mr. Naveen Kumar, Site Engineer of RAL
CONSTRUCTIONS, for his valuable guidance and encouragement while doing my internship. I also
extend my heartfelt thanks to Mr. Vijay Kumar, Project Manager for having given me the opportunity
of carrying out internship at RAL CONSTRUCTIONS.

We are indebted to Dr. Krishna Prasad P A, Head of the Department, Internship Co-ordinator Mr.
Vinaya Shyam D , Asst. Prof. for their advice and suggestions at various stages of the work.

I am also grateful to the co-operation and help rendered by the teaching and non-teaching
staff of the department.

Harshith Y

4SU16CV016

i
 Table of Contents

Page No.

Acknowledgement i
Table of Contents ii

1 Executive summary 1

2 Company profile 2

3 Introduction 3

4 Weekly overviews of Internship 6

5 Task performed/ Training outline 8

5.1 Project details
5.2 Project execution
5.3 Foundation
5.4 Concreting
6 Tests 26
7 Conclusion 27

8 Bibliography 28

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CHAPTER 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report refers to work completed during my internship with Ral Constructions in
Bangalore from 08/07/2019 to 03/08/2013.

This report provides a summary to my internship practice outcome which I gained during
my internship period stay in the site of construction. Actually, I was assigned in the
construction of Residential building as well as where different types of civil construction
activities were going on.

Thus, I have briefly described the following in this report:

 Introduction and some of the departmental works that mainly required for the
construction and execution of the project.
 The project details with location in which I did my internship work.
 The project execution, how the actual work goes on in the site.
 Details of foundation, types of foundation and steps followed in constructing the
foundation.
 Raft foundation, with some calculations.
 Schedule of columns and retaining wall.
 Tests conducted on the bricks, cement, soil, aggregates before taking the materials
into site.

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CHAPTER 2

COMPANY PROFILE

ABOUT RAL CONSTRUCTIONS

COMPANY NAME: RAL CONSTRUCTIONS.

COMPANY ADDRESS: Bannerghatta road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560001.
Since 1988, RAL has been providing innumerable stability and shade;
And a place they can call home.

OUR VISION
To be known as the creator of unprecedented superior lifestyles

60,000 customers will be a part of the RALS Family by 2021.

OUR MISSION

Imagine, Innovate, Implement

We deliver exceptional quality homes, offices and hotels to enhance customer lifestyle and
happiness that sustains for generations.

OUR BRAND PILLARS

Trust

Customer satisfaction is the cornerstone of all efforts as the company endeavors to craft
homes for lifelong happiness.

Quality
This is a pivotal philosophy that defines every R A L home with quality standards that
define industry benchmarks.

Consistency

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Every home built is a product of meticulous planning and fine attention to detail to meet
customer expectations.

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CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION

The basics need of human existences are food, clothing’s & shelter. From times immemorial
man has been making efforts in improving their standard of living. The point of his efforts has
been to provide an economic and efficient shelter. The possession of shelter besides being a
basic, used, gives a feeling of security, responsibility and shown the social status of man.

Every human being has an inherent liking for a peaceful environment needed for his pleasant
living, this object is achieved by having a place of living situated at the safe and convenient
location, such a place for comfortable and pleasant living requires considered and kept in view.

• A Peaceful environment.

• Safety from all-natural source & climate conditions

• General facilities for community of his residential area.

• The engineer has to keep in mind the municipal conditions, building

3.1 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BASED ON OCCUPANCY:

GROUP-A RESIDENSIAL BUILDINGS

GROUP-B EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS
GROUP-C INSTITUTIONAL BULIDINGS
GROUP-D ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS
GROUP-E BUSINESS BUILDINGS
GROUP-F MERCANTILE BUILDINGS
GROUP-G INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
GROUP-H STORAGE BUILDINGS
GROUP-I HAZARDOUS BUILDINGS

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RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS:
These building include any building in which sleeping accommodation provide for normal
residential purposes, with or without cooking and dining facilities. It includes single or multi-
family dwellings, apartment houses, lodgings or rooming houses, restaurants, hostels,
dormitories and residential hostels.
Villa can be very similar to a house in that it can closely resemble a standard, single family
home, but villas are also known for being luxurious,
larger homes with their own gardens, vineyards or courtyards, hotel-like services and water
fixtures, like pools and fountains.

• A duplex house with luxurious and comfortable lifestyle is considered as villa.

• A house does not have a clubhouse with modern amenities in gated community. A house
is a building which is built for only ourselves. But a villa is generally built and bought in a
community.
• Villas has courtyards, lawns, clubhouse, playground for children, gaming arena, coconut
grove, mango orchard and so on.
• These gated community villas provide customers a comfortable and luxurious lifestyle.

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For successful completion of any construction project following aspects has to be followed:
1. Planning.
2. Execution.
3. Quality.
4. Safety.
Planning:
Construction planning is a fundamental and challenging activity in the management
and execution of construction projects. For example, the extent to which sub-contractors will
be used on a project is often determined during construction planning.
Execution:
Project execution (or implementation) is the phase in which the plan designed in the prior
phases of the project life is put into action. The purpose of project execution is to deliver the
project expected results
(deliverable and other direct outputs).
Quality:
Quality control (QC) is the part of quality management that ensures products and service
comply with requirements. Technical specifications define the type of controls that must be
carried out to ensure the construction works are carried out correctly.
Safety:
Construction work is a hazardous land-based job. Some construction site jobs include: building
houses, roads, tree forts, workplaces and repair and maintain infrastructures. This work
includes many hazardous task and conditions such as working with height, excavation, noise,
dust, power tools and equipment. The most common fatalities are caused by the fatal four: falls,
being struck by an object, electrocutions, and being caught in between two objects.
Construction work has been increasing in developing and undeveloped countries over the past
few years. With an increase in this type of work occupational fatalities have increased.
Occupational fatalities are individuals who die while on the job or en forming work related
tasks. Within the field of construction, it is important to have safe construction sites.
Fig. Safety Components

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CHAPTER 4

WEEKLY OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNSHIP

Date Day Task/ Topic Completed

08/07/2019 Mon I Visited to the site, already first floor construction is
completed. Deshuttering work is going on first floor.
09/07/2019 Tue Block work is going on the first floor.
Week– I

10/07/2019 Wed Stair case (from first floor to second floor) concreting is
completed today.
11/07/2019 Thu Bar bending works for second floor roof slab is going on
today.
12/07/2019 Fri Chejja construction within the Room is under progress.

13/07/2019 Sat Plumbing works are started today.

Date Day Task/ Topic Completed

15/07/2019 Mon Block work is going to complete today on first floor.
16/07/2019 Tue I Visited one more site this week, this is one of the Peb
Building named (Adhya aerospace).
Week – II

17/07/2019 Wed I Observed VDF flooring in new site.

18/07/2019 Thu I observed some drawings of steel structures in new site.
19/07/2019 Fri I also got knowledge about RMC concrete pumping and floor
finishing of VDF flooring.
20/07/2019 Sat Visited the same site and I Observed some of the welding
works within the building.

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Date Day Task/ Topic Completed

22/07/2019 Mon I visited previous site, bar bending works for third floor
roof slab is completed.
23/07/2019 Tue Shuttering works for third floor roof slab is completed.
Week – III

24/07/2019 Wed Chejja construction within the room in first floor is going
on.
25/07/2019 Thu Third floor roof slab is laid this day, RMC concrete is used
for slab concreting.
26/07/2019 Fri 7 days cube test is carried out in this week on 25/07/2019.
27/07/2019 Sat Cubes also casted while slab concreting for testing
compressive strength.

Date Day Task/ Topic Completed

29/07/2019 Mon Visited PEB building block work is started.
30/07/2019 Tue Electrical works are started today in PG building, plumbing
works are also going on.
Week-IV

31/07/2019 Wed Plastering works are going on in the ground floor and first
floor.
01/08/2019 Thu Centering works are started for third floor roof slab.
02/08/2019 Fri I visited RAL constructions office today and interact with
company H R.
03/08/2019 Sat I Collected my internship certificate.

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CHAPTER 5

TASK PERFORMED/ TRAINING OUTLINE

5.1 PROJECT DETAILS

COMPANY: RAL CONSTRUCTIONS.

LOCATION: Mahadevapura Kr Puram,

White field, Bengaluru,
Karnataka 560103

SITE ENGINEER: Mr. Naveen R C

PROJECT NAME: PG accommodation building with basement construction.

Total construction area: 8000 sqft

Project Details: Basement+G+4 floors.

Set backs: North – 10 ft from RTL.

South – 5 ft.
West – 10 ft from RTL.
East – 10 ft.

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5.2 PROJECT EXECUTION:

• Planning and Management

• Quality Control
• Execution of structures
• Finishing Works

5.2.1 STEPS INVOLVED IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Construction steps involved in building construction are:

• Site Clearance
• Surveying And Layout
• Base Line Marking
• Excavation
• Grid line marking (master plan,column and footing marking)
• Foundation
• Beams And Columns
• Slabs
• Wall Construction

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5.2.2 PLAN
Construction planning is a fundamental and challenging activity in the management and
execution of construction projects. It involves the choice of technology, the definition of
work tasks, the estimation of the required resources and durations for individual tasks,
and the identification of any interactions among the different work tasks. A good
construction plan is the basis for developing the budget and the schedule for work.
Developing the construction plan is a critical task in the management of construction, even
if the plan is not written or otherwise formally recorded. In addition to these technical
aspects of construction planning, it may also be necessary to make organizational decisions
about the relationships between project participants and even which organizations to include
in a project. For example, the extent to which sub-contractors will be used on a project
is often determined during construction planning.

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5.2.3 SITE CLEARENCE:

Site clearing is the process of clearing away the vegetation and surface soil of the
construction site. There are several steps involved in a successful site clearing. Here is what
we do when site clearing to ensure that we get a project set up for success. After designating
the area to be cleared, the first step is to remove vegetation.

The trees are cut to leave tall stumps that are easier to remove. We remove the stumps using
machinery, then focus on removing the roots. It’s especially important to remove stumps and
roots, as the decaying woody material can cause cracks in concrete structures built on the
site. We also remove large stones and dig out animal burrows and fill them with clay.

5.2.4 SURVEYING AND LAYOUT

Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the
terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between
them. A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor. Generally, at site
survey is carried out by total station or Auto level.

5.2.5 AUTO LEVEL:

Auto level is an optical instrument used to establish or verify points in the same horizontal
plane in a process known as leveling and is used in conjunction with a leveling staff to
establish the relative heights levels of objects or marks.

It operates on the principle of establishing a visual level relationship between two or more
points, for which an inbuilt telescope and a highly accurate bubble level are used to achieve
the necessary accuracy.

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5.2.6 BASELINE MARKING:

Typically the first layout task is establishing a baseline to which all the setting out can be
related. The baseline is a straight reference line in respect to which the building’s corners are
located on the ground. It often coincides with the ‘building line’, which is the boundary of
the area, or the outer boundary of a road or curb, often demarcated by the local authority.

5.2.7 EXCAVATION:
Excavation work on the site was done by JCB Machines and excavated soil was
transferred using dumpers and bob cat.

Following measures should be prevented while excavation work:

• There should be proper timbering while excavation for basement area.

• Dewatering should be done before construction work.
• During rainy season a excavation work should be avoided.
The depth of excavation of the soil in the site is around 10 ft from the ground level.

Fig. Excavation

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5.2.8 COMPACTION
Compaction is a process that brings about an increase in soil density or unit weight,
accompanied by a decrease in air volume. There is usually no change in water content. The
degree of compaction is measured by dry unit weight and depends on the water content and
compactive effort. For a given compactive effort, the maximum dry unit weight occurs at an
optimum water content.

Before compaction soil is consolidated by watering the surface,after consolidation soil is

compacted by earth rammers.

Fig. Compaction

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5.2.8 GRID LINE MARKING :

Gridlines are the identification marks of a floor plan, grid lines are often found in
construction drawings
These are usually letters from A to Z, etc, along the vertical direction; and letters 1 to 2, etc
along the horizontal direction; that determines the identity of one particular position of a
structural member on the floor plan.
Baseline
Typically the first layout task is establishing a baseline to which all the setting out can be
related. The baseline is a straight reference line in respect to which the building’s corners are
located on the ground. It often coincides with the ‘building line’, which is the boundary of
the area, or the outer boundary of a road or curb, often demarcated by the local authority.

Horizontal controls
These are the points that have known coordinates with respect to a specific point. Other points
such as layout corners can then be located. Plenty of control points should be used so that
each point of the plan can be precisely located on the ground

Column and footing marking

Column and footing marking are done by mason and helpers with help of plumb bob and
others instruments. Markings are done according to the structural and architectural drawing,
markings are transferred to the excavated ground by using plumb bob by carrying the
horizontal grid lines to ground.

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5.3 Foundation:
Foundation is one of the most important parts of the structure. Foundation is defined as that
part of the structure that transfers the load from the structure as well as its own weight over a
large area of soil in such a way that the load does not exceed the ultimate bearing capacity of
the soil and the settlement of the total structure remains within a tolerable limit. Foundation
is the part of a structure on which the building stands. The solid ground on which the
foundation rests is called the foundation bed.
Foundation is provided to fulfill certain objectives
They are
• Distribute the weight of the structure over a large area of soil.
• Avoid unequal settlement.
• Prevent the lateral movement of the structure.
• Increase structural stability.

There are Different Types of

Foundation
As we know that there are different types of soil and bearing capacity of the soil is different
for each individual type of soil. So depending on the soil profile, size and load of the
structure, engineers choose different types of foundation.
Following are different types of foundations used in
construction:
1. Shallow foundation
• Individual footing or isolated footing
• Combined footing
• Strip foundation
• Raft or mat foundation
2. Deep Foundation

• Pile foundation

• Drilled Shafts or caissons

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5.3.1 SHALLOW FOUNATION

RAFT FOUNDATION :-
Raft foundation is actually a thick concrete slab resting on a large area of soil reinforced with
steel, supporting columns or walls and transfer loads from the structure to the soil. Usually,
mat foundation is spread over the entire area of the structure it is supporting.
Raft foundation is generally used to support structures like residential or commercial
buildings where soil condition is poor, storage tanks, silos, foundations for heavy industrial
equipment etc.
The slab is spread out under the entire building or at least a large part of it which lowers the
contact pressure compared to the traditionally used strip or trench footings

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NECESSITY OF RAFT FOUNDATION

• Rafts are most often used these days when the strata is unstable or (because of this)
• The soil has a low bearing capacity.
• Load of the structure has to be distributed over a large area.
• Individual or any other foundation area would approximately cover 50% of the
total ground area beneath the structure.
• The columns or walls are placed so closely that the individual footings would
overlap.
• Stress on soil needs to be reduced.
• There is a possibility of differential settlement in case individual footing is used.
• When soil strata are unpredictable and contain pockets of compressible soil.
• Basement is to be constructed.
• Any other type of footing cannot be used advantageously.
A raft foundation spreads the weight of the building over the whole ground floor area of that
building. The raft is laid on a hardcore, or scalping bed and usually thickened at the edges,
especially in very poor ground. Rafts are most suitable when the ground is of good load
bearing capacity and little work is required to get a solid foundation.

The soil has a low bearing capacity, so the weight of the building needs to be spread out over
a large area to create a stable foundation.

Raft Foundations are built is this following steps:

1. Identify the desired depth(10 ft) at which foundation is to be provided.

2. Excavate soil up to the required depth.
3. Compact the soil with rammer.
4. Apply anti-termite after compaction of soil.
5. Pour 4” of plane cement concrete (PCC).
6. Lay reinforcement maintaining the required spacing using spacers.
7. Pour concrete to the desired depth.
8. Curing.
Cubes are casted at both RMC plant and site for testing purpose.

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5.4 CONCRETING
Concrete, usually Portland cement concrete, is a composite material composed of fine and
coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time.

Concrete is good in compression.

• There are different types of concrete mixes, according to the structural element and load
considerations required types of concrete mix is used.

• In a concrete mix M20, M stands for mix and 20 for characteristic compressive strength
In N/mm2.
• The required type of concrete mix prepared in RMC plant.
• For every use of carmix to the site 6 cubes of 150 mm dimension is casted and kept
under water for 7 days and 28 days.
• Compressive strength testing of casted cubes is done, cubes should achieve 67% of
required strength should be achieved and the complete strength within 28 days.

• Within 3 hrs the prepared concrete should be placed.

• Care should be taken while preparing, transporting and placing of concrete.
• Concrete is transferred by transit mixers and it is dumped to pumpers.
• Concreting is done by pouring concrete using pumping.
• After placing the concrete compaction is done to remove entrapped air, and to maintain

uniform distribution of concrete.

• Curing is done to achieve proper hydration.

• Pond curing usually done for slabs and membrane curing for columns.

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(After curing void space is back filled and is compacted by earth rammer)

PCC
After compaction of soil a 4” Plain cement concrete (PCC) is poured by dumping
Grade of concrete used is M 7.5

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SLAB FRAMING LAYOUT PLAN

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SLAB REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE

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CHAPTER 6

TESTS

Basic tests on Cement, Aggregate, Concrete and Soil

6.1 Tests on Cement

• Normal consistency of cement
• Initial and final setting time of cement
• Fineness of cement
• Soundness of cement
• Specific gravity of cement

6.2 Tests on Aggregate

• Crushing Strength
• Impact value test
• Abrasion test
• Flakiness and elongation
• Sieve analysis

6.3 Tests on Concrete

• Slump cone test
• Compressive strength
• Rebound Hammer test
• ACT (accelerated curing test)

6.4 Tests on soil

• Core cutter test
• Sieve analysis (zone II)
 Specific gravity test (pycnometer test)

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CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION

As an undergraduate of the SDMIT. I would like to say that this training program is an
excellent opportunity for us to the ground level and experience the things that we would have
never gained through going straight into a job.

The main objective of the internship training is to provide an opportunity to

undergraduates to identify, observe and practice how engineering is applicable in the
real industry. It is not only to get experience on technical practices but also to observe
management practice and to interact with on field workers. It is easy to work with
sophisticated machines, but not with people. The only chance that an undergraduate has to
have this experience is the internship period. I feel I got the maximum out of that experience.
Also I learnt the way of working in an organization the importance of being punctual
the importance of maximum commitment and the importance of team spirit. In my opinion,
I have gained lots of knowledge and experienced needed to be successful in a great
engineering challenge, as in my opinion, engineering is after a challenge, and not a job.

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