BOLSTER

Join Now: https://join.hsslive.in Downloaded from https://www.hsslive.in ®

Kottakkal, MALAPPURAM

ZLGY-MM: XI 1. THE LIVING WORLD

 Biology is the science of life forms and living processes. TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES
 Organisms are placed at different levels or ranks which are
DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD termed as taxonomic hierarchy.
 The living world is rich in variety. The number and types of Each rank is known as taxon (pl. taxa).
organisms present on earth is termed as biodiversity. 1.7-1.8 million
of species are described so far and new organisms are continuously
being identified. Kingdom Eg: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Group of
Systematics- The branch of study dealing about different kinds of related phyla
organisms and their diversities, the evolutionary relationships
among them. Phylum / Division Eg: Angiospermae Chordata
Taxonomy- The branch of science which deals with identification, Gymnospermae Annelida
Group of
nomenclature and classification of organisms. related classes
Step 1. Identification- Describing a living organism
Class Eg: Dicotyledonae Mammalia,
Step 2. Nomenclature- Scientifically naming of organism such that a Monocotyledonae Amphibians
particular organism is known by the same name all over the Group of
world. related orders
Step 3. Classification- Grouping of organisms based on external and
Order Eg: Polymoniales Carnivora
internal structure, along with the structure of cell, development Sapindales Primata
process and ecological information of organisms. Group of
related families
Binomial nomenclature
 It is a method of naming by which an organism is known by two Family Eg: Solanaceae Felidae, Canidae
Convolvulaceae
components- Generic name & species name. Group of
 This naming system was proposed by Carolus Linnaeus (1758), related genus
his book- Systema Naturae.
 Bodies that provide principles and criteria for nomenclature: Genus Eg: Solanum Panthera, Felis
Petunia
-for plants: ICBN- International Code for Botanical Nomenclature Group of Datura
-for animals: ICZN- International Code of Zoological Nomenclature related species
Rules:- Species Eg: tuberosum, leo
1. Biological names are Latinized. Composed of same nigrum pardus
2. The first word represents the genus and the second word denotes kind of organisms melongena tigris
the species name.
3. Both the written words are separately underlined, or printed in
italics. The table given below indicates the taxonomic categories to which
4. The genus name starts with a capital letter while the species name housefly, man, mango and wheat belong.
starts with a small letter.
Eg: Mangifera indica (printed)
Mangifera indica (hand written)

Sometimes name of the author appears after the species name,

and is written in an abbreviated form.
Eg: Mangifera indica Linn. (printed), Linn.- indicates that this
species was first described by Linnaeus

BIOLOGY Instant notes- for www.hsslive.in , by Minhad. M. Muhiyudheen #-9846 29 22 27 1