Solution II Mid Exam

CET (II BE/FT/PL/LT/OT/PT EVEN 2023-24)

Q1 (OPTION I) [5 marks]

Determine the molar volume of n-butane at 450 K and 20 bar. Given that:
Critical properties: TC = 425.2 K, PC = 38 bar
B0 = − 0.232, B1 = 0.059 and ω = 0.193
R = 83.14 cm3 bar/mol/K

Solution

T = 450 K, P = 20 bar

T r = T /T C = 1.0583
Pr = P /PC = 0.5263

^
B=B
0
+ω B
1

^
B=− 0.232+ 0.193×0.059=−0.2206

Pr
Z =1 + B^
Tr
0.5263
=1 + (−0.2206)×
1.0583
=0.8902

Molar volume:

R T
V = Z
P
83.14×450
= 0.8902×
20
3
= 1665.41 cm /mole

Q1 (OPTION II) [5 marks]

Prove for an ideal gas:

dT dP
dS=C P –R
T P

Solution

For one mole of fluid undergoing a mechanically reversible process in a closed system, the first law
of thermodynamic is,

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 dU =dQ +dW … (1)

Work, dW =−P dV … (2)

Eq. (1) and (2) give,

dU =dQ – PdV … (3)

We know that enthalpy is represented as,

H=U + PV … (4)

Differential form of (4),

dH=dU + PdV + VdP

Bringing dU to left gives,

dU =dH – PdV – VdP … (5)

Putting dU from (5) into (3) gives,

dH – PdV – VdP=dQ – PdV

or, dQ=dH – VdP … (6)

We know, dH=C P dT and dQ=TdS

So (6) becomes,

TdS=C P dT – VdP

dT dP
or, dS=C P –V … (8)
T T

If the system is an ideal gas,

V =RT /P

Putting V into (8) gives,

dT dP
dS=C P –R
T P

Note: The above can also be proved by the method given on page 203 of the book ‘Introduction to
Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 7th Ed’ by J. M. Smith.

Q2: Explain the two statements of second law of thermodynamic. [5 marks]

Solution

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Statement 1: No apparatus can operate in such a way that its only effect (in system and
surroundings) is to convert heat absorbed by a system completely into work done by the system.

Statement 2: No process is possible which consists solely in the transfer of heat from one
temperature level to a higher one.

Q3 (OPTION I) [5 marks]

A steam power plant, rated at 900000 kW, uses steam at 550 K and rejects heat to a river at 290 K.
If the thermal efficiency of the plant is 60% of the maximum possible value, how much heat is
discarded to the river at rated power?

Solution

TC
ηmax = 1 −
TH η = 0.60×ηmax |QC| = (1−ηη )|W|
= 1 −
290
550
= 0.60×0.4727
= 0.2836
= (1 –0.2836
0.2836
)×900000
= 0.4727 = 2273076.92 kW

Q3: (OPTION II) [5 marks]

TC
Prove that the thermal efficiency of a Carnot’s engine is, η=1 –
TH
Solution

Reference: J. M. Smith, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 7th Ed, Page 165

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