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Gen Bio 2 - General Biology 2

General Biology 1 (University of the Visayas)

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Biology 2
Quarter 4 – Module 3:
Plants and Animals: Gas Exchange,
Transport System and
Regulation of Body Fluids

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General Biology 2 – Senior High School

Alternative Delivery Mode
Second Quarter- Module 3: Plants and Animals: Gas Exchange, Transport System
and Regulation of Body Fluids

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Janet L. Cabrera
Editor/s: Imelda V. Canoy (Content), Joseph Llanos (Language)
Reviewer: Clavel D. Salinas
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Illustrator: Analyn T. La Rosa
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Asst. Schools Division Superintendents:
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Senior High School

General Biology 2
Quarter 4 – Module 3:
Plant and Animal: Gas Exchange,
Transport System, and
Regulation of Body Fluids

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WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Good day, dear learner!

This module is solely prepared for you to access and to acquire lessons befitted
in your grade level. The exercises, drills, and assessments are carefully made to suit
your level of understanding. Indeed, this learning resource is for you to fully comprehend
how to compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals:
reproduction, development, nutrition, gas exchange, transport/ circulation,
regulation of body fluids, chemical and nervous control, immune systems, and
sensory and motor mechanisms. Independently, you are going to go through this
module following its proper sequence. Although you are going to do it alone, this is a
guided lesson and instructions/directions on how to do every activity is plotted for your
convenience.

Using this learning resource, you ought to compare and contrast the following
processes in plants and animals: reproduction, development, nutrition, gas
exchange, transport/ circulation, regulation of body fluids, chemical and nervous
control, immune systems, and sensory and motor mechanisms (STEM_BIO11/12-
IVa-h-1) as inculcated in the K-12 Most Essential Learning Competencies.

At the end of this module, you are expected to achieve the following objectives:

1. identify the structures or organs involved in regulation of body fluids in animals;

2. explain the functions of structures in animal circulation and transport of
substances in plants;
3. describe the structures for gas exchange in plants and animals; and
4. display appreciation of the importance of advocating for the preservation of
healthy life.

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WHAT I KNOW
This part is given to check what you already know about the topic of this module.
Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What are the end products of respiration in plants?

A. carbon dioxide, water and energy C. sugar and oxygen
B. starch and oxygen D. water and energy
2. The blood leaving the lungs has all its hemoglobin present in oxygenated form and
gives up oxygen to the tissues, because .
A. the tissues can absorb oxygen from oxyhemoglobin
B. oxygen concentration in tissues is higher and carbon dioxide concentration
lower than in the lungs
C. oxyhemoglobin undergoes reduction
D. oxygen concentration in tissues is lower than carbon dioxide concentration
higher than in the lungs
3. Which of the following does not add to the breathing movement in mammals?
A. ribs B. diaphragm C. abdominal muscles D. larynx
4. In which part of the respiratory system, gaseous exchange takes place?
A. alveoli B. pharynx C. larynx D. trachea
5. What is the most important purpose of the valves in the heart?
A. clean the blood
B. absorb carbon dioxide
C. absorb oxygen
D. allow blood to circulate in one direction
6. Which of the following shows the proper direction of blood circulation through the
chambers of the heart?
A. LA-LV-RV-RA C. RA-RV-LA-LV
B. LA-RA-LV-RV D. RV-RA-LV-LA
7. What is the organ that helps pump blood all throughout the human body?
A. The lungs C. The kidneys
B. The heart D. The blood vessels and capillaries
8. Why is blood that circulates from the lungs to the heart becomes bright red rather
than dark red?
A. Oxygen makes it red.
B. Carbon dioxide makes it red.
C. Gastric juices produce the red color of the blood.
D. The lungs add a pigment (dye) to blood as it flows through them.
9. Which statement about xylem is TRUE?
A. It transports amino acids from the roots to the leaves.
B. It transports water from the leaves to the roots.
C. It transports sugar from the roots to the leaves.
D. It transports water from the roots to the leaves.
10. How does water enter a plant?
A. by active transport in root hair cells C. through the stomata
B. by osmosis in root hair cells D. through the roots

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WHAT’S IN

Activity. Picture Analysis

Directions: Look at the pictures below and answer the guide questions that follow.

Figure 1. Runners in a relay race Figure 2. Plant’s transpiration

Source: https://lifeparkchurch.wordpress.com Source: https://studyrocket.co.uk/revision/gcse-biology-
triple-aqa/triple-organisation/transpiration

Guide Questions:

1. What organ systems work together to perform the overall tasks of these runners?
2. What significant role is played by these organ systems (respiratory, circulatory
and excretory system) in the human body?
3. How are the circulatory system in animals and the vascular system in plants
different from each other?

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WHAT’S NEW

Activity 1.
Directions. Tell which organ systems are working together in the following
scenarios. Justify your answer.
A B C

Figure 3. WHICH ORGAN SYSTEMS WORK TOGETHER?

Source: https://tools.mheducation.ca/web_resources/sch/SL10_sample_unit1_topic1_4.pdf
Scenario A.

_ _

Scenario B. _

Scenario C _

_ _

_ _

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WHAT IS IT

GAS EXCHANGE IN PLANTS

Gas exchange in plants takes place through stomata. Stomata are the tiny openings
present on the epidermis of leaves. In some of the plants, stomata are present on stems and
other parts of plants. The stomata in plants are enclosed by bean shaped cells called guard
cells. Guard cells are cells surrounding each stoma. They help to regulate the rate of
transpiration by opening and closing the stomata. Stomata play an important role in gaseous
exchange and photosynthesis. The figure below describes the structure of stomata in the
epidermis of the leaf.

Figure 4. Stomata in Plants

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure_30_02_05abc.jpg

During the day when photosynthesis occurs, the oxygen released from the process is
utilized for respiration. A respiratory opening is found under each stoma, and the process of
opening and closing of stomata depends on the presence of sugar and starch in the guard
cells. Gaseous exchange occurs through diffusion via stomata. Diffusion is the movement
of molecules from a region of greater concentration to a region of lesser concentration, in
the direction following the concentration gradient. Stomata control the transpiration of water
vapor and the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Stomata are flanked by guard cells
that swell or shrink by taking in or losing water through osmosis. When they do, they open
or close the stomata.

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Figure 5. Photosynthesis
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure_08_01_03.jpg

In animals, gas exchange follows the same general pattern as in plants.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide move by diffusion across moist membranes. In simple animals,
the exchange occurs directly with the environment while in complex animals, such as
mammals, the exchange occurs between the environment and the blood. The blood then
carries oxygen to deeply embedded cells and transports carbon dioxide out to where it can
be removed from the body.

Earthworms exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide directly through their skin. The
oxygen diffuses into tiny blood vessels in the skin surface, where it combines with the red
pigment hemoglobin. Hemoglobin binds loosely to oxygen and carries it through the animal’s
bloodstream. Carbon dioxide is transported back to the skin by the hemoglobin.
.

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Terrestrial arthropods have a series of openings called spiracles at the

body surface. Spiracles open into tiny air tubes called tracheae, which expand
into fine branches that extend into all parts of the arthropod body.

Fishes use outward extensions of their body surface called gills for gas
exchange. Gills are flaps of tissue richly supplied with blood vessels. As a fish
swim, it draws water into its mouth and across the gills. Oxygen diffuses out of
the water into the blood vessels of the gill, while carbon dioxide leaves the blood
vessels and enters the water passing by the gills.

Terrestrial vertebrates such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, and

mammals have well-developed respiratory systems with lungs. Frogs swallow
air into their lungs, where oxygen diffuses into the blood to join with hemoglobin
in the red blood cells. Amphibians can also exchange gases through their skin.
Reptiles have folded lungs to provide increased surface area for gas exchange.
Rib muscles assist lung expansion and protect the lungs from injury.

Birds have large air spaces called air sacs in their lungs. When a bird
inhales, its rib cage spreads apart and a partial vacuum is created in the lungs.
Air rushes into the lungs and then into the air sacs, where most of the gas
exchange occurs. This system is birds’ adaptation to the rigors of flight and their
extensive metabolic demands.

The lungs of mammals are divided into millions of microscopic air sacs
called alveoli (the singular is alveolus). Each alveolus is surrounded by a rich
network of blood vessels for transporting gases. In addition, mammals have a
dome-shaped diaphragm that separates the thorax from the abdomen,
providing a separate chest cavity for breathing and pumping blood. During
inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens to create a partial vacuum in
the lungs. The lungs fill with air, and gas exchange follows.
Gas Exchange in Human

Gas exchange allows the body to replenish the oxygen and eliminate
the carbon dioxide. Gas exchange takes place in the millions of alveoli in the
lungs and the capillaries that envelope them. As shown below, the respiratory
system has many different parts that work together to help you breathe.

The airways deliver air to the lungs. The airways are a complicated
system that includes:

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 Mouth and nose: Openings that

pull air from outside the body
into the respiratory system.
 Sinuses: Hollow areas between
the bones in the head that help
regulate the temperature and
humidity of the air inhaled.
 Pharynx (throat): Tube that
delivers air from the mouth and
nose to the trachea (windpipe).
 Trachea: Passage connecting
the throat and lungs.
 Bronchial tubes: Tubes at the
bottom of the windpipe that
connect into each lung.

.
Figure 6. Respiratory System
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_
0770_RespiratorySystem_02.png

Lungs: are a pair of spongy air-filled organs located at either side of the chest.
It brings fresh oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide and other
waste gases from the body. From the lungs, the bloodstream delivers oxygen
to all organs and other tissues. Muscles and bones help move the air inhaled
in and out of the lungs. Some of the bones and muscles in the respiratory
system include:

 Diaphragm: Muscle that helps your lungs pull in air and push it out
 Ribs: Bones that surround and protect your lungs and heart

The following components worked with the lungs and blood vessels:

 Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide takes place.
 Bronchioles: Small branches of the bronchial tubes that lead to the alveoli.
 Capillaries: Blood vessels in the alveoli walls that move oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
 Lung lobes: Sections of the lungs – three lobes in the right lung and two in the
left lung.
 Pleura: Thin sacs that surround each lung lobe and separate your lungs from
the chest wall.

Some of the other components of the respiratory system include:

 Cilia: Tiny hairs that move in a wave-like motion to filter dust and other
irritants out of your airways.
 Epiglottis: Tissue flap at the entrance to the trachea that closes when you
swallow to keep food and liquids out of your airway.
 Larynx (voice box): Hollow organ that allows you to talk and make sounds
when air moves in and out.

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Gas Exchange in Invertebrates

In vertebrate respiratory organs have large surface areas and are in contact
with air or water. Two common respiratory organs of invertebrates are trachea and
gills. Diffusion lungs, as contrasted with ventilation lungs of vertebrates, are
confined to small animals, such as pulmonate snails and scorpions.

Aquatic invertebrates have naturally moist respiratory surfaces, and some

respire through diffusion through their skin examples are jellyfish and sea
anemones. Some larger aquatic animals like worms and annelids exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide through gills. ◦ Gills are organs that have lots of blood
vessels that bring blood close to the surface for gas exchange.

Terrestrial Invertebrates - have respiratory surfaces covered with water or

mucus which reduces water loss. There are many different respiratory specialized
organs in terrestrial invertebrates, like spiders use parallel book lungs; insects use
openings called spiracles where air enters the body and passes through a network
of tracheal tubes for gas exchange ; snails have a mantel cavity that is lined with
moist tissue and an external gills – used by invertebrates that live in aquatic
habitats; gills are highly folded, thin- walled, vascularized epidermis that project
outward from the body, e.g., crayfish, lobster, sea star, nudibranch.

Tracheal system in arthropods

- uses fine air-directing
tubules to give vaporous trade at
the cell level; it is not subject to a
circulatory framework, e.g.,
insects, spider sensitive surface
area of blood vessels.

Figure 7. Gas Exchange in Animals

Source: https://www.deanza.edu/faculty/heyerbruce/
b6a_pdf/B6A-6_GasExchange.pdf
Gas Exchange in vertebrates

In most vertebrates the organs of external respiration are thin-walled structures

well supplied with blood vessels. Such structures bring blood into close association
with the external medium so that the exchange of gases takes place across relatively
small distances. There are three major types of respiratory structures in the
vertebrates: gills, integumentary exchange areas, and lungs. Chordates have one
of two basic structures for respiration: Gills – for aquatic chordates (example:
tunicates, fish and amphibians); Lungs - for terrestrial chordates (examples: adult
amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals).

 External Gills - slight, vascularized epidermis that venture from the body
surface of a couple of amphibians, e.g., larval salamander
 Internal Gills – columns of cuts or pockets in grown-up fishes situated
at the rear of the mouth to such an extent that, when water enters the

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mouth it streams over the gills and exits behind the head.

Aquatic Gills - Water flows through the mouth then over the gills where oxygen is
removed and carbon dioxide and water are then pumped out through the
operculum.

 Lungs are internal respiratory surfaces shaped as a cavity or sac. They

provide a membrane for gaseous exchange and they are not in direct
contact with all other parts of the body.

Vertebrate lungs – In mammals, the surface area of the lungs increases which
ensures a greater amount of gas exchange (or a two-way flow of air). Birds, by contrast
have lungs and air sacs which have only a one-way flow of air. This allows for them to
have constant contact with fresh air. This adaptation enables them to fly at high
altitudes where there is less oxygen.

Respiratory system in living organisms takes up oxygen and discharges

carbon dioxide to satisfy energy requirements.

Transport System in Animals

Transport system in animals is the joined exertion of the circulatory framework,

and the excretory framework. The transport system is required by any animal that is
too large for nutrients to reach all cells by diffusion alone. It is made up of the heart,
blood vessels (i.e. arteries, capillaries and veins) and blood. The main function of the
transport system is to allow the movement of the nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide,
hormones, antibodies, urea and heat within the blood plasma throughout the body. It
brings the necessary resources to the cells by way of the capillaries which exchange
materials with the interstitial fluid in turn allowing diffusion to occur over short
distances. The transport system allows the body to maintain a constant internal
environment (homeostasis).

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What are the three components of the human

circulatory system?

Heart. The heart is the primary organ that

pumps blood all through the body. It is located
between the lungs in the middle of the chest. It
pumps blood through the network of arteries and
veins known as the cardiovascular system.
It pushes blood to the body’s organs, tissues and
cells.

The heart functions as a pump in

the circulatory system to provide a continuous flow
of blood throughout the body. Each day, the
average human heart beats about 100,000 times,
pumping 2,000 gallons of blood through the body.
That is a lot of work for an organ no bigger than a
large fist and weighing 8 to 12 ounces. ( See Figure
8.)
Figure 8. Human Heart
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_of_the_human_heart_(cropped).svg

In the right side of the heart, blood enters the heart through two large veins,
the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body
into the right atrium of the heart. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from the
right atrium into the right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve. When the
ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing
backward into the atria while the ventricle contracts. As the ventricle contracts,
blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and
to the lungs where it is oxygenated.

Note that oxygen-poor or CO2 containing blood goes through the

pulmonary artery to the lungs where CO2 is exchanged for O2. In the left side of the
heart, the pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left
atrium of the heart. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from the left atrium into
left ventricle through the open mitral valve. When the ventricle is full, the mitral
valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium while the
ventricle contracts. As the ventricle contracts, oxygen-enriched blood leaves the
heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the arteries and eventually into
the veins to complete the blood circulation in the body.

Blood. Blood is the medium of transport which is pumped by an organ called the
heart. It is a liquid consisting of plasma, red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells.
Blood helps in the transportation of various substances, protection of the body against
diseases as well as regulation of temperature and water content in the body. Blood
delivers oxygen and nutrients to every cell and removes the carbon dioxide and other
waste products made by those cells. Blood is carried from the heart to the rest of the
body through a complex network of arteries, arterioles and capillaries. Blood is returned
to the heart through venules and veins.

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Blood consists of four major components:

Plasma is the fluid substance where different strong materials are suspended
and moved about. Plasma is 90% water. The other 10% comprises of broke down
substances including glucose, chemicals, squanders, minerals, nutrients, and
proteins. The plasma suspends and moves the strong blood materials. Plasma
makes 50 to 60 percent of blood by volume.
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) –
contain a pigment called hemoglobin
which transport oxygen. They are
responsible for carrying oxygen from the
lungs all through the circulatory
framework.

Figure 9. Red Blood Cells

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Blood_Cell.jp

White blood cells (Leukocytes) - fights

against germs and protect us from diseases.
They are responsible for battling sickness in
the body.

Figure 10. White blood cells

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0909_WhiteBloodCells.png

Platelets (thrombocytes) are colorless

blood cells that blood clot. They stop bleeding
by clumping and forming plug in blood vessel
injuries.

Figure 11. Platelets

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Platelets.jpg

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Blood Vessels. The heart circulates blood across the body through a
network of tubes called blood vessels. There are three kinds of blood vessels;
arteries, veins and capillaries.

 Arteries carry blood away from the heart. It conveys oxygen- rich blood from
the heart to all parts of the body.
 Veins carry carbon dioxide-rich blood from all parts of the body to the heart. It
transports blood toward the heart. The wall of a vein is much thinner than that of
arteries; there is no blood pressure. One-way valves open in the direction of the heart
and close to prevent back-flow.
 Capillaries exchange oxygen, food, carbon dioxide and waste products
between the blood and the body cells. They do this through their very thin wall.

Transport System in Plants

Most plants are less complex and require less food and water to
survive. A plant takes in water and dissolved nutrients from the soil via
the roots. These substances are then carried into specialized tissues in
the plant stem that act as a route for the water and nutrients to be carried
to various parts of the plant, such as the leaves, flowers and fruits. Food
from various sites is also distributed to different organs via another tissue
of the plant. Plants have two systems for the transportation of substances.
The two different types of transport tissue which are collectively known
as vascular bundle, or the vascular tissues which are the xylem and
phloem that are responsible for transportation in plants.

Plants' Xylem

The xylem is the specialized plant tissue that is responsible for

carrying water and dissolved minerals taken in from the roots. It makes up a
large part of a plant's stem, especially in woody plants where the xylem has
matured into a tree trunk. Individual cylindrical vessels connected make up
the xylem, resulting to a continuous duct that conducts inorganic ions
dissolved in water into various plant parts where they are needed.

Plants' Phloem

The structure responsible for the translocation of food from the

leaves is the phloem, which is made up of cells that control the passage of
food in the form of sugars from the leaves into different parts of the plant.
The phloem is positioned just outside the xylem.

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Excretory System in Human

The human excretory system includes the following organs: a pair of kidneys, pair of
ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.

Kidneys

The major organs of bodily excretion are the human kidneys and its functional unit,
the nephron. The nephron produces urine and is the primary unit of homeostasis in the
body. It is a long tubule with a series of blood vessels. The upper end of the tubule is an
enlarged cuplike structure called the Bowman’s capsule. Below the Bowman’s capsule, the
tubule coils to form the proximal tubule, and then it follows a hairpin turn called the loop of
Henle. After the loop of Henle, the tubule coils once more as the distal tubule. It then enters
a collecting duct, which also receives urine from other distal tubules.

Within the Bowman’s capsule is a coiled ball of capillaries known as

a glomerulus. Blood from the renal artery enters the glomerulus. The force of the blood
pressure induces plasma to pass through the walls of the glomerulus, pass through the walls
of the Bowman’s capsule, and flow into the proximal tubule. Red blood cells and large
proteins remain in the blood.

The fluid moving from the distal tubules into the collecting duct contains urine. The
urine flows through the ureters toward the urinary bladder. When the bladder is full, the
urine flows through the urethra to the exterior.

Ureter
The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. There are
two ureters, the one is attached to each kidney and the other half of the ureter is attached
to the abdomen while the other half is attached to the pelvic area.
Urinary Bladder

Urinary bladder is a temporary storage reservoir for urine. It is located in the pelvic
cavity posterior to the symphysis pubis and below the parietal peritoneum. The size vary
with the amount of urine it contains.

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Urethra
Urethra is a fibro
muscular tube at the lower
opening of the bladder to the
pelvic and urogenital
diaphragm to the outside of
the body which is called as
the external urethral orifice.
It also connects to the
ductus deferens in males for
the ejaculation of sperms.

Figure 12. Excretory System

Source:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatomy_an
d_physiology_of_animals_Urinary_system.jpg

Excretory System in Plants

Plants do not have specialized excretory organs to throw out nitrogenous waste
materials. This is because of the differences in their physiology. Therefore, plants use
different strategies for excretion. The gaseous waste materials produced during respiration
(carbon dioxide) and photosynthesis (oxygen) diffuse out through stomata in the leaves and
through lenticels in other parts of the plant. Excess water evaporates mostly from stomata
and also from the outer surface of the stem, fruits, etc., throughout the day. This process of
getting rid of excess water is called transpiration. The waste products, like oxygen, carbon
dioxide and water, are the raw materials for other cellular reactions. The excess of carbon
dioxide and water are used up in this way. Many plants store organic waste products in their
permanent tissues that have dead cells, e.g., heartwood. Plants also store waste within their
leaves or barks. These wastes are periodically removed as the leaves and barks fall off.

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WHAT’S MORE

Activity 1.

Directions. Label the diagram of the respiratory system and give its function.

Figure 13. Respiratory System

Source: https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/parts-of-the-respiratory-breathing-system-worksheet-12251665

Parts Function
1. _
2. _
3. _
4. _
5. _
6.
7. _
8. _
9. _

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Activity 2.
Directions: Label the parts of the heart and give its function.

Figure 14. Human Heart

Source: https://www.purposegames.com/game/heart-labeling-game-game/stats
Parts Function
1. _
2. _
3. _
4. _
5. _
6. _
7. _
8. _
9. _

Activity 3.
Directions: Label the parts of the excretory system and give its functions.

Figure 15. Human Excretory System

Source: https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-biology/section/23.4/

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Activity 4.
Directions: Observe the illustrations of animals below and answer the following
questions.

Figure 16. Illustrations of Animals

Source: https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=325&section=4

Question: Do the above animals have the same circulatory system? Justify your answer
by distinguishing the type of circulatory system found in each animal.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Activity 1.
Directions: Read and analyze the following questions below. Write your answers. On a
separate sheet of paper. Refer to the Rubrics below for the scoring guide.

1. How do the circulatory system, respiratory and excretory system work together
in carrying out important task in the body?
2. How do alveoli and vessels help in transporting oxygen into the circulatory
system and carbon dioxide out of the circulatory system?
3. How do blood cells (red blood, white blood cells and platelets) serve the Circulatory
system?
4. What are the conducting tissues found in plants and how do they function?

4 3 2 1
Content Substantial, specific, and Sufficiently developed Limited content with Superficial
*Relativity of or illustrative content content with adequate inadequate and/or minimal
the topic demonstrating strong elaboration or elaboration or content
development and explanation explanation
sophisticated ideas
Organization Sophisticated arrangement Functional Confused or Minimal control
of content with evident and arrangement of inconsistent of content
/or subtle transitions. content that sustains a arrangement of arrangement
logical order with content with or
some evidence of without attempts at
transitions transition.
Conventions Evident control of Sufficient control of Limited control of Minimal control
(Grammar, grammar, spelling, usage, grammar, spelling, grammar, spelling, of grammar,
spelling, and sentence formation. usage, and sentence usage, and sentence spelling, usage,
usage, and formation formation. and sentence
sentence formation.
formation)

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Activity 2. Creating a Flow Chart.

A. Draw a flow chart that traces the path that blood takes through the circulatory
system.

B. Draw a flow chart showing how air travels through the respiratory system when
you breathe in.

WHAT I CAN DO

Directions: Give your insights on the following situations. Refer to the Rubrics
below for the scoring guide.

1. Imagine that you are drinking a 1000 ml water, then you feel like urinating. Explain
this observation by tracing the flow of the water beginning at the stomach, and finishing
in the bladder.

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2. Think of two scenarios that happen in a day-to-day activities in which organ

systems(circulatory, respiratory and excretory system) are working together.

4 3 2 1
Content Substantial, specific, and Sufficiently developed Limited content with Superficial
*Relativity of or illustrative content content with adequate inadequate and/or minimal
the topic demonstrating strong elaboration or elaboration or content
development and explanation explanation
sophisticated ideas
Organization Sophisticated arrangement Functional Confused or Minimal control
of content with evident and arrangement of inconsistent of content
/or subtle transitions. content that sustains a arrangement of arrangement
logical order with content with or
some evidence of without attempts at
transitions transition.
Conventions Evident control of Sufficient control of Limited control of Minimal control
(Grammar, grammar, spelling, usage, grammar, spelling, grammar, spelling, of grammar,
spelling, and sentence formation. usage, and sentence usage, and sentence spelling, usage,
usage, and formation formation. and sentence
sentence formation.
formation)

ASSESSMENT

Directions: Read and understand each item and w r i t e the letter of the correct
answer in your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is NOT a structure for gas exchange in plants?

A. Stomata B. Lenticels C. Aerial root hairs D. Flowers
2. Which of the following respiratory system is NOT connected with a blood supply?
A. The lungs of a vertebrate C. The gills of a fish
B. The tracheal system of an insect D. The skin of an earthworm
3. When you pause breathing, which of the accompanying gas changes in the
blood first prompts the inclination to relax?
A. Rising oxygen C. Rising carbon dioxide
B. Falling oxygen D. Falling carbon dioxide
4. For what reason bloods become a brilliant shade of red as it circles through the body?
A. It starts to clot.
B. It gets old and dirty flowing through the body.
C. The oxygen in it is replaced with carbon dioxide.
D. The farther blood is from the heart, the darker red it is.
5. What do you call the process of bringing oxygenated water or air into contact with a
gas-exchange surface?
A. Respiration C. Inspiration
B. Ventilation D. Resuscitation

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6. Which statement about phloem is TRUE?

A. it carries supplements to developing areas of the plant
B. it carries sugars from the roots to the leaves
C. it carries water from the roots to the leaves
D. it carries nitrate particles from the leaves to the roots
7. The following are involved in the regulation of mammalian kidney function EXCEPT:
A. ADH B. Aldosterone C. Renin D. Oxygen
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of breathing and oxygen is a side-effect of photosynthesis.
B. Carbon dioxide is a side-effect of photosynthesis and oxygen is a byproduct of breath.
C. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are both byproducts of photosynthesis.
D. All of the statements are correct.

9. Which of the following is an important function of stomata in a leaf?

A. Absorbing water vapor from the air
B. Allowing gaseous waste products to leave the plant
C. Producing chlorophyll for photosynthesis
D. All of the statements are correct.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY/IES

Activity 1.
Directions. Complete each statement below by supplying the suitable words.

1. The of the plant absorb water and minerals from _ _ .

2. Food moves up to the other parts from through the stomata.
3. A green leaf uses , and to
make food.
4. Our circulatory system is made up of and _.
5. By _, other materials exchanged such as digested food.
6. help fight germs.

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Activity 2.
Directions: Complete the chart below and answer the questions given.

Type of Blood Vessels

1.

2.

3.

How does blood go through blood vessels?

CIRCULATION OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART

Disclaimer: Writer does not claim ownership over any of the words, questions and answers, images
ang graphics used in this module. All rights belong to respective copyright owner.

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ANSWER KEY

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REFERENCES

Published Book

Science and Technology (Biology), C.C. Joaquin, Ph. D., et.al, pp. 276-297

Web

https://www.liveworksheets.com/qa1747520ei

https://www.graftonps.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=7344&d
ataid=9436&FileName=Respiratory%20System%20Thinking%20Questions.pdf

https://www.thinglink.com/scene/628995152244899840

https://tools.mheducation.ca/web_resources/sch/SL10_sample_unit1_topic1_4.pdf

https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=325&section=4

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Cebu Province
Office Address: IPHO Bldg., Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telefax: (032) 255-6405
Email Address: cebu.province@deped.gov.ph

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