Genbio 2 Mod13 Gas Exchange 1 Converted 2

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Genbio 2 MOD13 Gas-Exchange.-1-converted 2
BS Civil Engineering (University of Batangas)
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Senior High School
General Biology
2
Module 13
Gas Exchange, Transport and
Circulation in Plants and Animals

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General Biology 2
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Module 2: Gas Exchange, Transport and Circulation in Plants and Animals
First Edition, 2020
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them.

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SHS
General Biology
2
Module 13
Gas Exchange, Transport and
Circulation in Plants and Animals

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ii

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What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the gas exchange, transport and circulation! The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This module is divided into two lessons, namely:

1. Lesson 1 – Gas Exchange in Plants and Animals
2. Lesson 2 – Transport and Circulation in Plants and Animals
Most Essential Learning Competency
 Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals:

reproduction, development, nutrition, gas exchange, transport/circulation,
regulation of body fluids, chemical and nervous control, immune systems,
and sensory and motor mechanisms ( STEM_BIO11/12IVa-h-1).
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1.describe the structures of gas exchange in plants and animals;
2.differentiate the gas exchange in plants and animals;
3.discuss the breathing mechanism of living organisms;
4. describe the organs in the human respiratory system and their functions;
5. discuss the coordination of gas exchange and circulation;
6.cite some respiratory problems and impact on public health;
7. describe the transport of substance in xylem and phloem;
8. explain the functions of structures in animal circulation and trace the path of
blood in the systemic and pulmonary circulation; and
9. differentiate the pulmonary and systemic circulation.
Lesson Gas Exchange in Plants and

1 Animals
What I Know
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

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1. Which of the following animals use gills for breathing?

A. Fish
B. Frog
C. Insect
D. Turtle
2. What type of blood vessel surrounds the alveoli?
A. Arteries
B. Capillaries
C. Nerve
D. Veins
3. Which of the following animals have spiracles?
A. Earthworm
B. Fish
C. Grasshopper
D. Turtle
4. Which group of vertebrates relies on gas exchange across the skin as well as at
the lungs to maintain enough blood oxygen level?
A. Amphibians
B. Birds
C. Fishes
D. Reptiles
5.. Which of the following changes makes you feel the need to breathe?
A. Rising O2
B. Falling O2
C. Rising CO2
D. Falling CO2
6. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A. Gills – fish
B. Lungs – penguin
C. Tracheal system – grasshopper
D. Cutaneous respiration – cockroach

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7. Which of the respiratory illnesses belongs to a large family of viruses called

coronaviruses and originated in Wuhan, China?
A. Asthma
B. Covid 19
C. Emphysema
D. SARS
8. Which of the following refer to the pair of openings located in the insect’s
abdomen?
A. Air sacs
B. Alveoli
C. Spiracles
D. Tracheae
9. What can be inferred to the exchange of substances C and D if they flow in a

counter current system?
A. The exchange between C and D is maximized because the substances flow
in opposite directions.
B. The exchange between C and D is minimized because the substances flow
in opposite directions.
C. The exchange between C and D is maximized because the substances flow
in the same direction.
D. The exchange between C and D is minimized because the substances flow
in the same direction.
10 Which of the following does NOT a structure for gas exchange in plants?
A. Flowers
B. Lenticels
C. Pneumatophores
D. Stomata
11. Which of the following respiratory system does NOT closely associated with a
blood supply?
A. Gills of a fish
B. Lungs of vertebrates
C. Skin of an earthworm
D. Tracheal system of an insect
12. Which of the following statement is TRUE about the gas exchange between
plants and animals?
I. In plants exchange of gases occurs through stomata where the plants take in carbon
dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere, whereas in case of animals it is just
opposite as animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,
this process occurs through lungs, gills, skin and tracheal system.
II. In plants exchange of gases occurs through stomata where the plants take in oxygen
and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, whereas in case of animals it is just
opposite as animals take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere,
this process occurs through lungs.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. Neither I nor II

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13. Which of the following statement is TRUE about oxygen transport?
I. Oxygen diffuses down a pressure gradient from the lungs into the blood
plasma to red blood cells binds to hemoglobin.
II. Carbon dioxide diffuses down its partial pressure gradient from the tissues
into the blood plasma and red blood cells to air in alveoli. 7% is dissolved
plasma, 23% binds with hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin and 70%
is in bicarbonate form.
III. Hemoglobin gives up its oxygen in tissues where partial pressure of
oxygen is low, blood is warmer, partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher
and pH is lower; these four conditions occur in tissues with high
metabolisms.
A. I but not II
B. I and II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only
14. Mario is a change smoker. One day, he suffered from difficult breathing
immediately he went to the hospital for a check -up. The findings of the doctor
for Mario’s condition was emphysema. Is the doctor correct of his findings?
A. No, because difficult breathing is the symptoms of COVID 19.
B. No because difficult breathing is the symptom of acute bronchitis.
C. Yes, because cigarette smoke can destroy the air sac in the lungs to the
point that it cannot repair.
D. Yes because cigarette smoke block on the wind wipe which serve as the
obstacle in breathing.
15. If you will be detected as a positive in Covid 19, what you are going to do?
A. Visit the isolated places.
B. Go to malls and be with others
C. Stay at home and take a long rest
D. Go to the hospital for immediate medications and interventions.
What’s In
Directions: List down the different digestive organs and give its specific functions.
Do it on a separate sheet of paper.
Digestive Organs Functions
Guide Question:
1. Based on your table, what organ of digestive system that also involve in the
respiratory system?

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2. Aside from nutrition, what else do organisms need that can be acquired from the
environment for their survival?
Excellent Good Poor

Criteria
5 3 1
Showed exceptionally Showed good Student did not show
clear understanding of understanding of the understanding of the
Content /
the concepts and concepts with some concepts and personal
Goal
strongly and clearly references and clearly opinion is not easily
states personal opinion. states personal opinion. understood.
The sentences are well- The sentences are correct There is little or no
Organization written and complete. but with few evidence of sentence
inconsistencies. structure.
What’s New
Directions: Analyze the picture below. Answer the guide questions, write your
answer in a separate sheet of paper.
Guide Questions:
1. What are the two living organisms in the picture?

2. How these two-living organism work to support life?
Excellent Good Poor

Criteria
5 3 1
Showed exceptionally Student did not
Showed good
clear understanding show understanding
understanding of the
Content / of the concepts and of the concepts and
concepts with some
Goal strongly and clearly personal opinion is
references and clearly
states personal not easily
states personal opinion.
opinion. understood.
The sentences are
The sentences are correct There is little or no
well-written and
Organization but with few evidence of sentence
complete.

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What is It
All living organisms need gases to survive. Gases are the most important non-
living thing for the living organisms. Exchanging of gases on earth facilitates all
living organisms to live, grow, develop and perform their specific functions. Gas
exchange is the process where water vapor, and Carbon Dioxide leave and enters
plant leaves. This activity takes place during the respiration and photosynthesis.
Respiration is process of taking up oxygen from air with simultaneous release of
carbon dioxide together, while photosynthesis is where plants use carbon dioxide
and water to produce carbohydrates and release oxygen as the waste product.
Respiration happens during day and night, supplying a source of energy for the
plant. Photosynthesis takes place only in the presence of sunlight; thus it ceases at
night.
Gas Exchange in Animals

Breathing is a physical process of bringing air in and releasing gaseous
material into and out of the body. Respiration is the whole cycle of taking oxygen
into the body and releasing the carbon dioxide as waste product.
Animals have different respiratory structures used for gas exchange.

Important respiratory structures include the gills, the tracheal system, the skin, and
the lungs. Gills are used by fish and other marine species to absorb oxygen trapped
in water and filter carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream. Fish and other marine
species have gills that are used in water to absorb dissolved oxygen. When the oral
valve opens in their mouth, the water draws into the buccal cavity. The opercular
cavity, which contains the gills, then closes. When the oral valve is closed, the
operculum (gill cover) opens the gills to force the water out. The blood in the
capillaries flows into the gill filament in a direction contrary to the flow of water.
This opposite flow allows countercurrent movement, the movement of materials
moving in opposite directions between two fluids. The oxygen molecules thus diffuse
from water (higher concentration of O2) into the blood (lower concentration of O2).
This mechanism maximizes the efficiency of gas exchange, since all fluids flow in the
same direction, the difference in concentration will rapidly decrease. Among insects
the tracheal system is normal. This mechanism does not require the direct
intervention of the circulatory system for transportation of O2 and CO2 because the
air will pass directly to the cells. There are pairs of openings called spiracles in
each segment of the insect's abdomen, where air enters and exits the body. These
openings connect to the tubular trachea network which eventually branches into
tracheoles. Once the oxygen enters the tracheoles it diffuses into a neighboring body
cell's cytoplasm. At the other side, CO2 that is produced as a waste product diffuses
through the tracheal system out of the cell and ultimately out of the body. The air sac
which serves as an air reservoir is another part of the tracheal system. Moreover,
Amphibians, earthworms, and some turtles respire through a process called
cutaneous respiration and breathe through their skin. When submerged in water or
damp areas they breathe through their skin. Keeping their skin moist is essential for
them to enable effective cutaneous respiration. Its skin secretes mucus through the
mucus glands to prevent desiccation. Cutaneous respiration also occurs
through concurrent exchange, where the direction of the absorbed oxygen is directly
opposite the circulation of the blood in the skin. Further, some animals, including

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amphibians and earthworms, may use their skin to pass gasses between the outside
environment

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and the circulatory system due to the capillary network below the skin. In mammals
the lungs are the main respiratory organs. Before entering the lungs, the air must
go through different organs during respiration. This travels into a windpipe called
trachea when air is inhaled. Instead the trachea separates the air into channels
called bronchial tubes or bronchi at the lungs. The air travels into smaller
airways called the bronchioles with tiny balloon-like air sacs at their ends before
they enter the lungs. Surrounding the alveoli are capillaries, a network of tiny blood
vessels. These vessels are the gas-exchange sites. After the deoxygenated blood in
the capillaries absorbs the oxygen from the walls of the alveoli, it travels to the heart
which in effect pumps it across the body to supply the cells with oxygen. In
comparison, the blood carries CO2 released by the cells back to the lungs where it is
eliminated by exhalation.
Mechanism of Gas Exchange in Animals
Animals need oxygen for their metabolism. 21% of air is made up of oxygen.
Respiration requires oxygen. The function of the respiratory system of the animals is
to supply oxygen for the metabolic needs to the cells to remove one of the waste
materials for cellular metabolism, carbon dioxide. Gas exchange in animals refers to
the exchange of respiratory gases-absorption of molecular oxygen and carbon
dioxide discharge. This method follows the concept of diffusion, by moving
molecules from a high concentration region to a low concentration region. Air first
enters the body through the mouth or nose, quickly moves to the pharynx (throat),
passes through the larynx (voice box), enters the trachea, which branches into left
and right bronchi within the lungs and further divides into smaller and smaller
branches called bronchioles. The smallest bronchioles end in tiny air sacs, called
alveoli, which inflate during inhalation, and deflate during exhalation. Gas exchange
is the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of
carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs. It occurs between the alveoli in
the lungs and network of blood vessels called capillaries located in the walls of the
alveoli. The walls of the alveoli share a membrane with the capillaries in which
oxygen and carbon dioxide move freely between the respiratory system and the
bloodstream. Oxygen molecules attach to red blood cells, which travel back to the
heart. At the same time, the carbon dioxide molecules in the alveoli are blown out of
the body with the next exhalation.
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport
Oxygen diffuses down a pressure gradient from the lungs into the blood
plasma to red blood cells to binds to hemoglobin. Hemoglobin gives up its oxygen in
tissues where partial pressure of oxygen is low, blood is warmer, partial pressure of
carbon dioxide is higher and pH is lower; these four conditions occur in tissues with
high metabolisms. Moreover, Carbon Dioxide diffuses down its partial pressure
gradient from the tissues into the blood plasma and red blood cells to air in alveoli.
7% is dissolved plasma, 23% binds with hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin
and 70% is in bicarbonate form. Bicarbonate and carbonic acid formation are
enhanced by the enzyme carbonic anhydrates, which is in the red blood cells.
Respiratory Problems
Asthma is characterized as a severe, chronic respiratory condition due to

inflammation of the airways causing difficulty breathing. Symptoms of asthma
include dry cough, wheezing, tightness in the chest and shortness of breath.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term
that encompasses several respiratory illnesses that cause breathlessness, or the

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inability to exhale normally. People usually develop symptoms, including shortness

of breath, and

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usually cough up sputum (lung mucus), particularly in the morning. Chronic

bronchitis is a form of COPD emphasized by a chronic cough. Usually people cough
up sputum (mucus from the lungs), especially in the morning. Emphysema is
another type of COPD which is a severe respiratory disease. Smoking the most
common cause. Many suffering from emphysema have difficulty breathing out
oxygen from their lungs. Cigarette smoke destroys the air sacs in the lungs to the
point that they cannot repair themselves anymore. Lung Cancer this cancer is
difficult to detect, with the ability to develop in any part of the lungs. The cancer
most often develops near the air sacs in the main portion of the lungs. Within the
lungs, DNA mutations allow irregular cells to multiply, causing unchecked
development of abnormal cells or tumors. These tumors interact with normal lung
functions. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic respiratory disease caused by a defective
gene which produces thick and sticky mucus which obstructs tubes and passages.
This mucus induces frequent and harmful lung infections as well as pancreatic
obstructions that block vital enzymes from breaking down the body 's nutrients.
Pneumonia is a common lung disease caused by an infection in the air sacs in the
lungs. The infections can be bacterial, viral or fungal. Most people can recover in one
to three weeks, but for certain people, pneumonia can be extremely serious and even
life-threatening. Pleural effusion is a collection of fluid between the lung and
the chest wall in what is called the pleural space. The fluid can collect for a variety of
reasons, including pneumonia, cancer or congestive heart failure. Patients notice
symptoms of increasing chest discomfort and shortness of breath. COVID-19 is a
respiratory illness that belongs to a large family of viruses called coronaviruses. This
type of virus infects humans and animals, but this new strain has not been seen in
humans before 2019. The virus seems to have originated in Wuhan, China. The virus
spread mainly from person-to-person between people who are in close contact with
one another (within about 6 feet). Like other viruses, COVID-19 spreads through
droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. The primary
symptoms are cough, shortness of breath and fever.
Gas Exchange in Plants
Green plants require a supply of carbon dioxide and a way of disposing of

oxygen to carry on the photosynthesis. Plant cells need
oxygen and a means of disposing of carbon dioxide (just
like animal cells do) to carry on cellular respiration.
Unlike animals, plants have no specialized organs for
gas exchange. During the day plants will produce more
oxygen via photosynthesis than they consume during
respiration. Therefore, there is net production of oxygen
and net consumption of carbon dioxide. However, at
night when plants are not photosynthesizing there will
Plant Stomata
be a net production of carbon dioxide and consumption
of oxygen. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in
the leaf (as well as the loss of water vapor in transpiration) occurs through pores
called stomata. In small plants such as mosses, leaves and other structures are
very thin, and gases can move in and out via diffusion. In more complex plants
oxygen and carbon dioxide is exchanged through the stomata on leaves, stems and
roots. Stomata can regulate gas exchange by controlling when they are open and
when they are enclosed. Stomata are most abundant on the leaves of the plant. This
pore is bordered by two cells known as guard cells which control when the stomata
is opened and closed. The opening and closing of stomata can be in response to
water moving in or out of the cell When water moves into the cell, the turgor of the
cell increases

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causing them to lengthen and open the stomata. Opening and closing of the stomata
can also be in response to light and low internal carbon dioxide levels. For aquatic
plants, water plants will have special adaptations that allow them to exchange gases
within their moist environment. Some plants such as lily pads have leaves that float
giving them ready access to air. Mangroves have pneumatophores also known as
aerial roots that grow above the water’s surface. Submerged aquatic plants can
exchange gases with water across their epidermis.
What’s More
Directions: Using the VENN Diagram, differentiate the gas exchange of plant and
animals. Write down the differences and similarities. Do it in a separate
sheet of paper.
Differences Differences
Plants Similarities Animals
Rubric for Scoring
Strong Grasp Progressing Not in Evidence

Criteria
15 10 5
Few or none of
Text support Most statements
All statements are the statements are
of comparison are supported by
supported by the text. supported by the
statements the text.
text.
All statements
Most statements
noting similarities
Placement of are placed in the
are placed in the
statements correct circle, Few statements
center circle and
within but are placed in the
all statements that
the Venn student mixed correct circle.
note differences
diagram up a
are placed in the
few statements.
correct outer circle.
Have Have 3–4
Have two or fewer
Number of e five or comparison
comparison
qualities more comparison statements in
statements in each
statements statements in each each
circle.
circle. circle.

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What I Have Learned
Directions: Complete the statement below. Choose the answer inside the box.
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Oxygen Stomata leaves
In plants exchange of gases occurs through 1. where the plants

take in 2. and release 3. into the atmosphere, whereas
in case of animals it is just opposite as animals take in 4. and release
5. into the atmosphere, this process occurs through lungs, gills, skin,
tracheal system.
What I Can Do
Directions: List down the different organs of plants and animals involve in the
exchanging of gases and give its specific function. Copy the format and
do it on a separate sheet of paper.
Plants Animals
Organs Functions Organs Functions
Summative Test
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and
write your chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following respiratory disease caused by smoking?

A. Emphysema
B. Lung cancer
C. Cycotic fibrosis
D. Chronic bronchitis
2. What gas needed by the plants for photosynthesis?

A. Sulfur Dioxide
B. Carbon Dioxide
C. Nitrogen Dioxide

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D. Carbon Monoxide
3. What part of the plants where the most abundant stomata can be found?
A. Flowers
B. Leaves
C. Roots
D. Stem
4. Which of the following control the closing and opening of plants stomata?
A. Cell wall
B. Stem cells
C. Guard cells
D. Cell membrane
5. Which of the following is TRUE about submerged aquatic plants?

A. Can exchange gases through their root.
B. Can exchange gases within their environment.
C. Can exchange gases through the floating leaves.
D. Can exchange gases with water across their epidermis.

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6. All are the respiratory structures of the animals, EXCEPT

A. Gills
B. Lungs
C. Skin
D. Stomata
7. Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?

A. Gills - fish
B. Lungs -penguin
C. Tracheal system-grasshopper
D. Cutaneous respiration-cockroach
8. Which of the following statement is CORRECT about the functions of the

respiratory system of animals?
I. Supply oxygen for the metabolic needs to the cell to remove the waste materials for cellular metabolism.
II. Supply oxygen and carbon dioxide for the metabolic needs of the the animals to live cells for
A. I but not II
B. II nut not I
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I or II
9. Is it advisable that there is plant inside our home during nighttime?

A. Yes because it is a stress reliever
B. No because more insects will stay inside.
C. No because plant will serve as a competitor of oxygen
D. Yes because it gives off oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.
10. What will happened if the stomata of the plants will not be closed?
A. Plants will reproduce.
B. Plants will grow faster
C. Plants cannot exchange gases.
D. Plants cannot acquire nitrogen from the atmosphere
Additional Activities
Directions: Make slogan about gas exchange. Do it in a white cartolina. Your

output will be assessed using the rubric below.
Excellent Good Fair Poor

Description
20 15 10 5
The slogan is The slogan is
The slogan is
attractive in attractive in
Craftmanship attractive The slogan is
terms of terms of
though it may distractingly
neatness. Well- neatness. Good
be a bit messy.
constructed and construction and
messy.
not messy. not very messy.

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Slogan is creative
Slogan is
Slogan is and a good The slogan does
Creativity creative and
exceptionally amount of not reflect any
some thought
creative and a thought was put degree of
was put into
lot of thought. into decorating creativity.
decorating it.
it.
Exceptional use Good use of new Average use of No use of new
Originality
of new ideas and ideas and new ideas and ideas and
originality to originality to originality to originality to
create slogan. create slogan. create slogan. create slogan.
What I Know
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What carries blood away from the heart?
A. Artery
B. Capillary
C. Platelet
D. Vein
2. What is the primary organ that drives the circulatory system?
A. Artery
B. Blood
C. Heart
D. Liver
3. Which of the following is the main function of the circulatory system?
A. Provide structural support for the body's movement
B. Distribute nutrients and oxygen throughout the body
C. Produce hormones that regulate multiple functions in the body
D. Take wastes products, such as carbon dioxide, out of the body
4. What is the conducting tissue of non-flowering plants?
A. Phloem
B. Tracheids
C. Veins
D. Xylem
5. What blood vessel allows the exchange of nutrients and Oxygen with wastes such
as Carbon Dioxide?
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Veins
6 Which of following system is responsible for blood-transporting system?
A. Digestive system
B. Circulatory system
C. Respiratory system
D. Reproductive system

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7. What is the organ that pumps blood all throughout the human body?
A. The lungs
B. The heart
C. The kidneys
D. The blood vessels and capillaries
8 . What is the main transport system for animals?

A. Immune system
B. Digestive system
C. Circulatory system
D. Respiratory system
9. Which of the following tissues are involved in conducting water?

A. Parenchyma
B. Phloem
C. Sclerenchyma
D. Xylem
10. Which of the following is NOT true about phloem and Xylem?
A. Phloem is dead at maturity, while Xylem is living
B. Phloem is responsible for food transfer, while xylem is responsible for
water transfer
C. Phloem can transport material bidirectionally, while xylem can only
transport material unidirectionally
D. Phloem consists of sieve tubes and companion cells, while xylem consist of
tracheids and vessel elements
11. Which of the following BEST describes the primary role of xylem?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Transport of water
C. Structural supports of plants
D. Transport of food and nutrients
12. Which of the following statement is TRUE about the closed and open circulatory
systems?
A. In open and closed circulatory systems, both their circulatory fluids are
limited within vessels.
B. In open and closed circulatory systems, both their circulatory fluids are not
limited within vessels.
C. In an open circulatory system, the circulatory fluid is not limited within
vessels while in a closed circulatory system, the circulatory fluid is limited
within vessels.
D. In an open circulatory system, the circulatory fluid is limited within vessels
while in a closed circulatory system, the circulatory fluid is not limited
within vessels.

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13. All of the following are the type of blood vessels, EXCEPT
A. Aorta
B. Arteries
C. Capillaries
D. Veins
14. What will happened when the conducing tissues of the plants failed to do its
specific functions?
A. Plants will die
B. Plants will not bear flowers.
C. Plants will reproduce rapidly
D. Plants cannot manufacture their food.
15. One day, Juana fix her garden. She pulled out the daisy and never plant it
again. What do you think will happen to the Daisy for the next day?
A. The Daisy will produce new leaves.
B. The Daisy will produce a new variety.
C. The Daisy will die because the root cannot acquire water and air from the
environment.
D. the Daisy will die because the root hairs cannot absorb water from the
soil that contains dissolve minerals.
Lesso Transport and Circulation

n in Plants and Animals
2
What’s In
Directions: Based on the previous lesson, list down the different organs involve in
gas exchange both in Animal and Plants.
Organs Example
What’s New
Directions: Closely analyze the pictures below. Answer the following questions in a
separate sheet of paper.
15

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What is It
Guide Questions:
1. What are the parts of the heart?
2. What is the function of the human heart?
3. What do you think would be the roles of the xylem and the phloem in
plants?
Rubrics for Scoring

Criteria Excellent Good Poor
5 3 1
Showed
exceptionally clear Showed good Student did not show
understanding of the understanding of the understanding of the
Content /
concepts and concepts with some concepts and personal
Goal
strongly and clearly references and clearly opinion is not easily
states personal states personal opinion. understood.
opinion.
The sentences are
The sentences are There is little or no
well-written and
Organization correct but with few evidence of sentence
complete.
Has no grammatical Has few
Grammar or mechanical error grammatical/mechanical Has many grammatical
in the output. errors which are not / mechanical errors.
distracting.
Plants Transport System

In plants the transportation system consists of bundles of tubes in the stem,
branches and roots. Such tubes are classified as xylem and phloem. The main
function of xylem is to bring water and minerals extracted from the roots to the rest
of the plant body. While, the phloem transports the food manufactured in the leaves
to all parts of the plant.
Transport of Water and Minerals

Plants require water to produce food through the cycle of photosynthesis and
minerals for protein production. Therefore, a plant absorbs water and minerals
through the roots from the soil and bears other sections such as base, leaves, flowers
etc. It is through two kinds of elements of xylem tissue called, xylem vessels and
tracheid that water and minerals move from roots of a plant to its leaves.
Xylem Vessels. is a long tube composed of dead cells that are joined end
to end. It is a non-living tube that extends from plant roots and passes through the
stem, touching every leaf. The end walls of the cells are separated to create an open
channel. Xylem vessels do not have cytoplasm or nuclei and the walls of the vessels
are made of cellulose or lignin. Transporting water and minerals, xylem vessel also
provides strength to the stem and keeps it upright. This is because lignin is very hard
16

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and strong. Wood is made of lignified xylem vessels. Xylem vessels have pits in their
cell walls where lignin is not deposited. Either xylem vessel or both xylem vessel and
tracheid transport water in flowering plants.
Tracheids. In non-flowering plants, tracheids are the only water conducting
tissues. These are dead cells with lignified walls with no open ends. They are long,
thin and spindle shaped cells. They have pits in them, and it is through pits only
that water flows from one tracheid to another. All the plants have tracheid in them.
Mechanism of transport of water and minerals in a plant

Root hair absorbs water from the soil which contains dissolved minerals.
Root hair is in close contact with the film of water present between the particles in
the soil. Water that contains minerals enters the root hair and goes through the cycle
of osmosis from cell to cell, entering epidermis, root cortex, endodermis and root
xylem. Xylem vessels of the root relate to the xylem vessel of the stem of a plant. The
water enters from root xylem vessel to the stem xylem vessel and further reaches
into the leaves of the plant from petiole. The plant uses only one or two per cent of
the water in photosynthesis. The remaining water is lost in air as water vapor.
Water is sucked up by the xylem vessel

The pressure at the top of the plant (in the leaves) is low whereas pressure at
the bottom of the plant is high. It is due to transpiration that the pressure is low at
the top of a plant. It is because of low pressure at the top of the plant that water
flows up the xylem vessel into the leaves of a plant. transpiration is continuous
evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant. The leaves of a plant have tiny pores
called stomata. It is through them that the water evaporates into the air. This
reduces the pressure at the top of xylem vessels and thus water flows up into them.
Transport of food and other substances

The food that is produced by the photosynthesis cycle in a plant's leaves must
be transferred to other sections such as base, roots, branches etc. Hence this food is
transported through a kind of tubing called phloem to other parts of the plant. The
transport of food from leaves to other parts of a plant is called translocation. The
food made by the leaves is in the form of simple sugar. Phloem is present in all the
parts of a plant.
Phloem contains Sieve Tubes

Phloem is a long tube made of many living cells joined end to end. The living
cells of phloem are called sieve tubes. The end walls of cells in the phloem have sieve
plates which have tiny holes in them. It is through these holes that the food passes
along the phloem tubes. Sieve tubes contain cytoplasm in them but have no nucleus.
Each sieve tube cell has a companion cell which has a nucleus and many other
organelles. The cell wall of sieve tubes contains cellulose but no lignin. The food is
made by the mesophyll cells of a leaf and from there it enters the sieve tubes of the
phloem. These phloem tubes are interconnected and once the food reaches the
phloem tube of a leaf, it is then transported to all other parts of a plant. The
transport of food is necessary because every part of a plant needs food for: energy,
building its parts, maintaining its life. Other substance like hormones made in the
tips of roots and shoots are also transported through phloem tubes.

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Mechanism of transport of food in a plant

It is by using the ATP energy that the food made in a plant's leaves is loaded
into phloem tissue sieve tubes. Then by the process of osmosis water enters sieve
tubes that contain sugar, and this raises pressure in phloem tissue. This high
pressure produced in phloem tissue moves the food to all other parts of a plant
having less pressure. In this way food is transported to all parts of a plant through
phloem tissue.
Xylem Phloem Tracheid
Animals Transport System

The main transport system for animals is the circulatory system. The
circulatory system plays a central role in an organism’s survival. The human
circulatory system consists of the heart, blood, and a closed structure system called
blood vessels that includes the arteries, veins, and capillaries. The circulatory
system's main functions are to transfer the nutrients and oxygen to all body cells
and to transport waste products to the liver, kidneys and lungs.
This system works through diffusion—the movement of molecules from an

area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. However, diffusion only
occurs over short distances such as between blood and air in the lungs. In terms of
the distribution of blood throughout the human body, the process of bulk flow takes
place. Bulk flow is the movement of the blood from an area of high pressure to an
area of low pressure through the action of the heart that pumps the blood and
pressurizes it to flow. This process allows a rapid transport of blood in all parts of
the body.
Organs in Circulatory System

The heart is the muscle that pumps blood
throughout the body. It consists of four
chambers. The top two chambers are called atria
while the bottom two are called ventricles. The
atria are the receiving chambers for blood
returning to the heart. The blood from the
circulation enters the right atrium while the
reoxygenated blood from the lungs enters
the left atrium. The atria are thin-walled
chambers because they need to contract only
minimally to blood into the ventricles. On the
other hand, ventricles have thicker walls because
Human Heart

lOMoARcPSD|40250116
they need to contract harder to pump blood out of the heart and in to the circulation.
The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk while the left ventricle
ejects blood into the aorta.
The delivery system of the heart is separated into two circuits: the pulmonary
and the systemic circuits. The pulmonary circuit, supplied by the right side of
the heart, receives the returning blood and pumps the blood to the lungs for
reoxygenation and dispatch of carbon dioxide. On the other hand, the systemic
circuit, supplied by the left side of the heart, transports the oxygenated blood to
the entire body.
The Blood Vessels are responsible for the transport of blood throughout
the body. There are three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart while veins carry deoxygenated
blood towards the heart. Capillaries are tiny, thin-walled vessels that allow water,
nutrients, and oxygen from the blood to move to the surrounding tissues and allow
wastes to move out in the opposite direction.
The Blood is a special connective tissue that distributes essential nutrients,
including oxygen while collecting wastes, such as carbon dioxide. It consists of a
yellowish fluid called plasma, which contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets. The red blood cells have hemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen to
the different tissues in the body. This protein also releases the carbon dioxide picked
up from body tissues.
The Path of the Circulatory System
The deoxygenated blood passes through the right side of the heart which
pumps it into large vessels called pulmonary arteries. It then moves into the lungs
where it is 'cleaned' as the carbon dioxide is exchanged with oxygen. This process of
exchange between the carbon dioxide and oxygen is called oxygenation. The
oxygenated blood travels back into the heart through the pulmonary veins.
The oxygenated blood is pumped into the largest blood vessel and the main artery in
the human body called aorta. Before the blood leaves the aorta, it passes through
the small arteries. Then finally, it passes through the capillaries which distribute it
to all the tissues of the body. Oxygen and nutrients are delivered to these tissues.
Simultaneously, the waste products of the cells are carried away by the blood. As
soon as all the oxygen is used up, the blood goes into the veins and travels back into
the heart.
Circulation of the Blood Throughout the Heart
Superior Vena cava Right Atrium … Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle
Left Atrium Lungs Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary
Valve Left Ventricle Aorta Rest of the Body
Closed and Open Circulatory Systems

In a closed circulatory system, the circulatory fluid or blood is limited within
vessels. The heart pumps blood into large vessels, branching into smaller vessels and
into different organs. Other animals with closed circulatory system include squids
and earthworms. Humans have also a closed circulatory system. Conversely, in an
open circulatory system, the circulatory fluid called haemolymph coats the body

lOMoARcPSD|40250116
cells. The heart pumps the haemolymph through circulatory vessels and goes into
the sinuses or the spaces surrounding the organs. Arthropods such as grasshoppers
have open circulatory systems.
The circulatory Systems Works with Respiratory System

The circulatory system and respiratory systems work together to retain
oxygen in the body and extract carbon dioxide from it. Pulmonary circulation
promotes the external respiration process.: Deoxygenated blood flows into the lungs.
This absorbs oxygen from tiny air sacs (the alveoli) and releases to exhale carbon
dioxide. Systemic circulation makes internal respiration easier: oxygenated blood
passes through the rest of the body to capillaries. The blood diffuses oxygen into
cells and absorbs carbon dioxide.
What’s More
Directions: Complete the infographic comparison between plants and animals in
terms of transport system. Copy the format and do it on separate sheet
of paper.
Comparison Between Plants and Animals in terms of Transport System
Plants Transport System Animals
A. Organs
B. Processess
Rubric for Scoring:

Strong Grasp Progressing Not in Evidence
Description
15 10 5
A comparison
The table contains The table contains The table contains some of
of the transport
all required data most required data the required data. There is
system of
includes a clear, includes a clear, not enough information
plants and
strong comparison strong comparison presented.
animals
Text support All statements are Most statements Few or none of the
of comparison supported by the are supported by statements are
statements text. the text. supported by the text.
Consistent data
consistent data but Inconsistent date and not
Organization & and orderly
not orderly discuss orderly discuss the
Structure Discuss
the comparison. comparison.
comparison.
What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the statement below. Choose your answer inside the box.
Write your answer on separate sheet of paper.
Closed Circulatory SystemHeart Systemic circuit aorta Phloem

Xylemdeoxygenated pulmonary circuit pulmonary arteries
20

lOMoARcPSD|40250116
Oxygenated
1. .transport food from the leaves to all parts of the plants
2. bring water and mineral extracted from the roots to the rest of the plant
body
3. muscle that pumps blood throughout the body
4. supplied by right side of the heart, receives the returning blood and
pumps the blood to the lungs for reoxygenation and dispatch carbon
dioxide.
5. supplied by the left side of the heart, transports the oxygenated blood to
the entire body.
6-7. The blood passes through the right side of the heartwhich pumps it
into large vessel called .
What I Can Do
8-9. The pumped into the largest blood vessel and main artery in .the
human called .
10. the circulatory fluid or blood is limited within vessels.
Directions: Complete the table. Copy the format and do it on a separate sheet
of paper.
Transport Organs of
Functions Example
Plants and Animals
Assessment
Directions. Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answer on separate sheet of paper.
1. What organ of the circulatory system that distributes essential nutrients including
oxygen while collecting carbon dioxide as the waste product.?
A. Arteries
B. Blood
C. Capillaries
D. Veins
2. Why is the pressure at the top of the plant is low while at the bottom is high?
A. Due to transpiration
B. Due to temperature
C. Due to photosynthesis.
D. Due to movement of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen in the atmosphere?
21

lOMoARcPSD|40250116
3. How the food is transported to all parts of the plants?

A. By the stomata
B. By sieve tubes
C. Xylem tissues
D. By phloem tissue
4. What organ in the circulatory system that are responsible for the transport of the
blood throughout the body?
A. Aorta
B. Blood
C. Heart
D. Blood vessel
5. How the oxygenated blood travels back to the heart?
A. Through the capillaries
B. Through the bicuspid valve
C. Through the pulmonary veins
D. Through the pulmonary arteries
6. Which of the following promotes external respiration process?
A. Systemic circulation
B. Pulmonary circulation
C. Open circulatory system
D. Close circulatory system
7. What part of the plants photosynthesis takes place?
A. Leaves
B. Flowers
C. Roots
D. Stems
8. What transporting organ of the plants transport water in flowering plants?
A. Tracheid only
B. Xylem vessel only
C. Both xylem and phloem
D. Xylem vessel and tracheid
9. What process involve in transporting food from leaves to the other parts of a plant?
A. Evaporation
B. Translocation
C. Transpiration
D. Respiration
10. Which of the following does NOT help to prevent circulatory system disorders?
A. Biking
B. Brisk walking
C. All day sitting
D. Vigorous dancing
11. All animals have a closed circulatory system, EXCEPT
A. Earthworm
B. Grasshopper
C. Human
D. Squid

lOMoARcPSD|40250116
12. Which of the following BEST describe the root hairs of the plants?
A. Site of photosynthesis
B. Absorb water from the soil
C. Deliver food to the other parts of the plants
D. Absorb oxygen and carbon dioxide from the soil
13. Which of the following is NOT true about phloem?
A. Transport water.
B. Transport food and nutrients.
C. Present in all parts of the plants
D. Made up of many living cells formed end to end
14. Mario aims to be free from any cardiac diseases. What Mario should do?
A. Avoid walking.
B. Avoid eating fatty foods.
C. Exercise three times a week.
D. Sit down the whole day for enough body rest.
15. Josefa placed her favorite flower inside her room. She leaves for her seven days’
vacation in Davao City. When she came back, she found out that her favorite
flower was died. What do you infer?
A. The flower died because of the absence of the sunlight.
B. The flower died due to the absence of carbon dioxide and oxygen
C. The flower died because there is no nutrient and minerals travel in its body
D. The flower died because of excess amount of carbon dioxide inside the room
Additional Activities
Directions: Make a comic strip about transport system. Be able to show in your
comic strip how transport system works to sustain life of the living
organisms. Your output will be assessed using the rubric below.
Excellent Proficient Adequate
Description
15 10 5
Many creative details are Some creative details There are few creative
Content
evident are seen details
Some of illustration Very few e of
Illustration Most of illustration are
are original creative, illustration are original
and original creative, detailed
detailed and creative, detailed and
organization and appropriate
appropriate appropriate
The content and ideas The content and ideas The content and ideas
Charity of about transport system about transport about transport
Thought presented in unique and system presented in system hardly
interesting manner interesting manner presented

lOMoARcPSD|40250116
Bader, Richard. 2012.Gas Exchange. November 12. Accessed June 12, 2020.
https://www.slideshare.net/RichardBader/.
Biology, Lumen Boundless. n.d. "Lumencandela.". Accessed July 12, 2020.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/systems-of- gasexchange/#:~:text=There
%20are%20various%20methods%20of,external
%2enironment%20to%20the%20lungs.&text=The%20respiratory%20surface %20mus
%20be,a%20way%20to%20obtain%20oxygen.
Geralt. 2019. Man Woman Schema. Accessed July 12, 2020.

https://www.needpix.com/photo/86364/man-woman-schema-body- anatomy-teaching-
organs-heart-kidneys.
Health, Unity Point. 2020. "The Top 8 Respiratory Illnesses and Diseases." April 1. Accessed
July 14, 2020.https://www.unitypoint.org/homecare/article.aspx?id=2448b930- 1451-
43e4- - -8634-c0c16707c749
Ivan Marcelo Duka, Eugenio Quijano Jr. Sharon Rose Tabugo, Neil Andrew Bascos,Ma.
Genaleen Q. Diaz, Ian Kendrich Fontanilla, Ma. Carmina Manuel. 2016. Teaching
Guide For Senior High School General Biology 2. Quezon City: CHED.
Kimball, John w. 2020. "Gas Exchange in Plants." In Photorespiration and C4 Plants, by John w.
Kimball. Saylor Foundation.
Neyvelinda M. Martinez, Ma.Liberty U. Julian,Isagani N. Nazareno, Patricia p. Sison, Aurora A.

Lianko. 2001. "Respiratory Sytem." In Biology, 102-105. Valenzuela: Jo-Es Publishing House Inc.
n.d. Man Under the Tree. Accessed July 12, 2020. https://publicdomainvectors.org/en/free-
clipart/Man-under-the tree/65739.html.
openStax, CNX. 2016. Stomata. May 27. Accessed July 13, 2020.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure_30_02_05abc.jpg.
www.quipper.com
Josh, Jagran. 2020. Transport System in plants. Accessed July 12, 2020.
https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/transport-system-in- plants-1457095459-
1.CHED.tp://cn.org/content/co11496/1.6/.
Map, Injury. 2019. Human Heart. April 24. Accessed July 13, 2020. h Neyvelinda M. Martinez,
Ma.Liberty U. Julian,Isagani N. Nazareno, Patricia p. Sison, Aurora A. Lianko. 2001. "Circulatory
Sytem." In Biology, 106-109. Valenzuela: Jo-Es Publishing House.
Neofronus. 2019. Xylem and Phloem. March 2. Accessed July 12, 2020.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/phloem#/media/File: Xylem_and Phloemdiagram.svg.
Rajan Gupta, Rahul Jindal. n.d. Accessed July 12, 2020.

http://www.funscience.in/studyzone/Biology/Transportation/TransportationSystemInPlants.php#st
hash.zlzecd9j.dpbs.
Wikimedia Commons contributors, "File:Diagram of the human heart (cropped).svg," Wikimedia

Commons, the free media repository, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?
title=File:Diagram_of_the_human_heart_(cropped).svg &oldid=415703023 (accessed August 15, 2020)

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Genbio 2 Mod13 Gas Exchange 1 Converted 2

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Genbio 2 MOD13 Gas-Exchange.-1-converted 2

BS Civil Engineering (University of Batangas)

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Senior High School

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What I Need to Know

This module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Lesson Gas Exchange in Plants and

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1. Which of the following animals use gills for breathing?

6. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

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7. Which of the respiratory illnesses belongs to a large family of viruses called

9. What can be inferred to the exchange of substances C and D if they flow in a

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13. Which of the following statement is TRUE about oxygen transport?

Digestive Organs Functions

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Excellent Good Poor

1. What are the two living organisms in the picture?

Excellent Good Poor

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Gas Exchange in Animals

Animals have different respiratory structures used for gas exchange.

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Asthma is characterized as a severe, chronic respiratory condition due to

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inability to exhale normally. People usually develop symptoms, including shortness

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usually cough up sputum (lung mucus), particularly in the morning. Chronic

Green plants require a supply of carbon dioxide and a way of disposing of

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Rubric for Scoring

Strong Grasp Progressing Not in Evidence

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What I Have Learned

Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Oxygen Stomata leaves

In plants exchange of gases occurs through 1. where the plants

Organs Functions Organs Functions

1. Which of the following respiratory disease caused by smoking?

2. What gas needed by the plants for photosynthesis?

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5. Which of the following is TRUE about submerged aquatic plants?

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6. All are the respiratory structures of the animals, EXCEPT

7. Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?

8. Which of the following statement is CORRECT about the functions of the

9. Is it advisable that there is plant inside our home during nighttime?

Directions: Make slogan about gas exchange. Do it in a white cartolina. Your

Excellent Good Fair Poor

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8 . What is the main transport system for animals?

9. Which of the following tissues are involved in conducting water?