Department of Education

Region IV – MIMAROPA
ORIENTAL MINDORO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(Formerly Jose J. Leido, Jr. Memorial National High School) J. P. Rizal St., San Vicente East, Calapan City
Schools Division of Calapan City Telefax No. (043) 288 – 8811 www.jjleidocalapan.com.ph

SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING
MATERIALS (SLM)

GENERAL BIOLOGY 2

credits: study.com

FIRST SEMESTER: QUARTER 2 (Week 3-4)

Content Standards

The learners demonstrate an understanding of:

1. plant and animal organ systems and their functions; and
2. feedback mechanisms

Performance Standards

The learner shall be able to develop a presentation (e.g., role-

playing, dramatization and other forms of multimedia) to show how an
organism maintains homeostasis through the interaction of the various
organ systems in the body.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

The learners…
Week 3 & 4
➢ Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals:
reproduction, development, nutrition, gas exchange, transport/ circulation,
regulation of body fluids, chemical and nervous control, immune systems, and
sensory and motor mechanisms. (STEM_BIO11/12-IVa-h-1)

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Most Essential Learning Competency: Week 3 and 4

The learner:
➢ Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals: reproduction, development,
nutrition, gas exchange, transport/ circulation, regulation of body fluids, chemical and nervous
control, immune systems, and sensory and motor mechanisms.
(STEM_BIO11/12-IVa-h-1)

Module 3
GAS EXCHANGE

At the end of this Module, you should be able to:

• state some basic principles in gas exchange;
• describe the structures for gas exchange in plants and animals;
• describe the organs in the human respiratory system and their roles; and

What I know

REVIEW
Directions: Look for the meaning of the following words and write it on your notebook. Try to
familiarize them.

1. Respiration
2. Cellular respiration
3. Positive pressure breathing
4. Negative pressure breathing
5. Air sacs
6. Oxygen Transport
7. Carbon dioxide transport

What’s New
ACTIVITY 1: ENUMERATION and ILLUSTRATION
Directions: Illustrate or paste images of the organs/structure needed in the following questions and
then write the function of that organ/structure. Write/paste your answer on the space provided.

1. Identify the different organs of the human respiratory system and its functions. (10 points)

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 2. Identify the plant structures responsible for gas exchange and its functions. (10 points)

Conclusion/Reflection (Activity 1):

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

What is it?

GAS EXCHANGE IN PLANTS

Plants obtain the gases they need through their leaves. They require oxygen for respiration and carbon dioxide
for photosynthesis.
The gases diffuse into the intercellular spaces of the leaf through pores, which are normally on the underside
of the leaf - stomata. From these spaces they will diffuse into the cells that require them.
Stomatal opening and closing depend on changes in the turgor of the guard cells. When water flows into the
guard cells by osmosis, their turgor increases and they expand. Due to the relatively inelastic inner wall, the guard cells
bend and draw away from each other, so the pore opens. If the guard cells loose water the opposite happens and the
pore closes. The guard cells lower their water potential to draw in water from the surrounding epidermal cells, by
actively accumulating potassium ions. This requires energy in the form of ATP which, is supplied by the chloroplasts
in the guard cells.
Respiration occurs throughout the day and night, providing the plant with a supply of energy. Photosynthesis
can only occur during sunlight hours so it stops at night. A product of respiration is carbon dioxide. This can be used
directly by the plant in photosynthesis.
However, during the day, photosynthesis can be going 10 or even 20 times faster than respiration (depending
on light intensity), so the stomata must stay open so that the plant has enough carbon dioxide, most of which diffuses
in from the external atmosphere.

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 GAS EXCHANGE IN ANIMALS

In animals, gas exchange follows the same general pattern as in plants. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move
by diffusion across moist membranes. In simple animals, the exchange occurs directly with the environment. But
with complex animals, such as mammals, the exchange occurs between the environment and the blood. The blood
then carries oxygen to deeply embedded cells and transports carbon dioxide out to where it can be removed from
the body
Earthworms exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide directly through their skin. The oxygen diffuses into
tiny blood vessels in the skin surface, where it combines with the red pigment hemoglobin. Hemoglobin binds
loosely to oxygen and carries it through the animal’s bloodstream. Carbon dioxide is transported back to the skin
by the hemoglobin.
Terrestrial arthropods have a series of openings called spiracles at the body surface. Spiracles open into
tiny air tubes called tracheae, which expand into fine branches that extend into all parts of the arthropod body.
Fishes use outward extensions of their body surface called gills for gas exchange. Gills are flaps of tissue
richly supplied with blood vessels. As a fish swims, it draws water into its mouth and across the gills. Oxygen
diffuses out of the water into the blood vessels of the gill, while carbon dioxide leaves the blood vessels and enters
the water passing by the gills.

Source: https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/biology/biology/gas-exchange/mechanisms-for-gas-
exchange#:~:text=In%20animals%2C%20gas%20exchange%20follows,occurs%20directly%20with%20t
he%20environment.&text=Hemoglobin%20binds%20loosely%20to%20oxygen%20and%20carries%20it
%20through%20the%20animal's%20bloodstream.

What I’ve Learned

ACTIVITY 2: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of these is the correct equation for photosynthesis?
a. carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
b. glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
c. carbon dioxide + glucose → water + oxygen
2. Which gas is released when plant cells respire aerobically?
a. Oxygen
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Nitrogen
3. When does respiration happen in plants?
a. All the time
b. Only during the day
c. Only during the night
4. There is an overall uptake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen by a plant under certain
conditions. Which statement about such a plant is correct?
a. Respiration is happening faster than photosynthesis
b. Photosynthesis and respiration are happening at the same rate
c. Photosynthesis is happening faster than respiration
5. How do plants obtain the carbon dioxide they need for photosynthesis?
a. By osmosis
b. By diffusion
c. By active transport.
6. Which of these is an adaptation of leaves for efficient gas exchange?
a. Tightly packed spongy mesophyll cells
b. A waxy cuticle on the upper surface of the leaf
c. Tiny pores, called stomata, in the lower epidermis
7. What happens to stomata in the light?
a. Their guard cells absorb water by osmosis, become turgid and the stomata open
b. Their guard cells absorb water by osmosis, become flaccid and the stomata close
c. Their guard cells lose water by osmosis, become turgid and the stomata open

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 8. When is the movement of carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapour at the surface of the leaf likely
to be greatest?
a. When the stomata are open
b. When the stomata are closed
c. When it is cool and humid
9. What color would hydrogen carbonate indicator be at high concentrations of carbon dioxide?
a. Purple
b. Red
c. Yellow
10. Net gas exchange from a leaf can be investigated using hydrogen carbonate indicator in a
stoppered tube. Why might one of the test leaves be boiled first?
a. To see if high temperatures increase the rate of photosynthesis and respiration
b. To show that a leaf has to be alive for it to affect the amount of carbon dioxide in the tube
c. To remove the waxy cuticle so that gas exchange can happen more quickly

Task: Fill Me Please!

What an exemplar performance! You did a great job in finishing this module. Hopefully, you had an
enjoying moment in this journey. Congratulations!

After accomplishing series of Activities, fill in the blanks to complete the sentences below.
It is necessary to have a knowledge about gas exchange because
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Kindly share your thoughts and learnings by finishing the sentences below:
I have learned that ___________________________________________________________

I have realized that ___________________________________________________________

I will use my learning to ______________________________________________________

Recommended Readings:
• https://www.macmillanhighered.com/BrainHoney/Resource/6716/digital_first_content/trunk/test/
hillis2e/hillis2e_ch14_2.html

REFERENCES and CREDITS to:

General Biology 2
Quarter 2 - Module 2
COMPARE AND CONTRAST PROCESSES IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
First Edition, 2020
Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro Schools Division
Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

Teaching Guide for Senior High School

GENERAL BIOLOGY 2
SPECIALIZED SUBJECT

credits: study.com

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Most Essential Learning Competency: Week 3 and 4

The learner:
➢ Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals: reproduction, development,
nutrition, gas exchange, transport/ circulation, regulation of body fluids, chemical and nervous
control, immune systems, and sensory and motor mechanisms.
(STEM_BIO11/12-IVa-h-1)

Module 4
TRANSPORT AND CIRCULATION

At the end of this Module, you should be able to:

• explain the functions of structures in animal circulation;
• trace the path of blood in the systemic and the pulmonary circulation; and
• describe the transport of substances in xylem and phloem;

What I know

REVIEW
Directions: Look for the meaning of the following words and write it on your notebook. Try to
familiarize them.

1. Xylem
2. Phloem
3. Diffusion
4. Cell transport
5. Circulation
6. Arteries
7. Veins
8. Valves
9. Systemic Circulation
10. Pulmonary Circulation

What’s New

ACTIVITY 1: VENN DIAGRAM

Directions: Compare and contrast the functions and usage of xylem and phloem. Use the Venn
Diagram below.

XYLEM PHLOEM

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 Conclusion/Reflection (Activity 1):
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

What is it?

INTRODUCTION

PLANT TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Plants have two systems for the transportation of substances, by using two different types of transport tissue.
Water and solutes are transported by the xylem from the roots to the leaves, while food is transported by the phloem
from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from the leaves, therefore
causing more water to be drawn up from the roots. Plants have adaptations in order to reduce the excessive loss of
water.

Xylem and phloem

There are two transport systems present in the plant to move food, water and minerals through their roots, stems
and leaves. These systems make use continuous tubes called the xylem and phloem which are also known as vascular
bundles.

Water on the surface of spongy and palisade cells (inside the leaf) evaporates and then diffuses out of the leaf.
This is called transpiration.
Transport systems are crucial to survival. Unicellular organisms rely on simple diffusion for transport of
nutrients and removal of waste. Multicellular organisms have developed more complex circulatory systems.

Xylem and Phloem

Transpiration

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 Source: https://sites.google.com/site/biopt14operationplant/plant-transportsystem#:
~:text=There%20are%20two%20transport%20systems, also%20known%20as%20vascular%20bundles.

ANIMAL CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Multicellular organisms have developed more complex circulatory systems.

There are two types of circulatory systems found in animals: open and closed circulatory systems.

OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

In an open circulatory system, blood vessels transport all fluids into a cavity. When the animal moves, the
blood inside the cavity moves freely around the body in all directions. The blood bathes the organs directly, thus
supplying oxygen and removing waste from the organs. Blood flows at a very slow speed due to the absence of
smooth muscles, which, as you learnt previously, are responsible for contraction of blood vessels. Most invertebrates
(crabs, insects, snails etc.) have an open circulatory system.
The human circulatory system involves the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems. The pulmonary
circulatory system consists of blood vessels that transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and return
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. In the systemic circulatory system, blood vessels transport oxygenated
blood from the heart to various organs in the body and return deoxygenated blood to the heart.

CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

In a closed circulatory system, the blood stays within blood vessels. In this way, blood is kept separate
from body tissues. This system has a heart that pumps blood through a continuous circulation pattern. As such, the
blood tends to be pumped at a higher pressure. This is mostly present in insects and some types of animals.

Pulmonary circulation system

In the pulmonary circulation system, deoxygenated blood leaves the heart through the right ventricle and is
transported to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated
blood. It carries blood to the capillaries where carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli (lung cells)
and then into the lungs, where it is exhaled. At the same time, oxygen diffuses into the alveoli, and then enters the
blood and is returned to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary vein.

Systemic circulation
Systemic circulation refers to the part of the circulation system that leaves the heart, carrying oxygenated
blood to the body's cells, and returning deoxygenated blood to the heart. Blood leaves through the left ventricle into
the aorta, the body's largest artery. The aorta leads to smaller arteries that supply all organs of the body. These arteries
finally branch into capillaries. In the capillaries, oxygen diffuses from the blood into the cells, and waste and carbon
dioxide diffuse out of cells and into blood. Deoxygenated blood in capillaries then moves into venules that merge
into veins, and the blood is transported back to the heart. These veins merge into two major veins, namely the superior
vena cava and the inferior vena cava. The movement of blood is indicated by arrows on the diagram. The
deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the superior vena cava. Major arteries supply blood to the brain, small
intestine, liver and kidneys. However, systemic circulation also reaches the other organs, including the muscles and
skin.

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The systemic circulatory system
supplies blood to the entire body.

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 What’s More
ACTIVITY 2: PERFORMANCE TASK: ESSAY WRITING
Tracing Path and Unblock: Let it Pass

Directions: Answer the following activities. Write your answer in a long bond paper. You will be
graded based on the rubrics below.

1. Construct an ESSAY and list the parts that are included in the systemic and pulmonary circulation.
Trace the path of blood flow by highlighting the different terms in your essay.

2. Construct an ESSAY and think of situations that would cause blockage in the circulation of blood in
animals and blockage in the transport of necessarily materials in plants. Have them write possible
solutions for this?

What I’ve Learned

True or False
Directions: Write T if the statement is TRUE on the other hand, write F if the statement is FALSE.

1. Decreasing the Ψ (wave) of the surrounding solution would enhance water uptake by a plant cell.
2. Movement of phloem sap from a source to a sink results mainly from diffusion.
3. Blockage in the path of necessary materials can cause the system of the plant or animal to
malfunction.
4. A cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels.
5. Pressure cut or bulk cut maintains that in the plant there is a source cell and a sink cell.

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 Task: Fill Me Please!
What an exemplar performance! You did a great job in finishing this module. Hopefully, you had an
enjoying moment in this journey. Congratulations!

After accomplishing series of Activities, fill in the blanks to complete the sentences below.
It is necessary to have a knowledge about transport and circulation because
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

Kindly share your thoughts and learnings by finishing the sentences below:
I have learned that ___________________________________________________________

I have realized that ___________________________________________________________

I will use my learning to ______________________________________________________

Additional Readings:
❖ https://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookcircSYS.html

REFERENCES and CREDITS to:

General Biology 2
Quarter 2 - Module 2
COMPARE AND CONTRAST PROCESSES IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
First Edition, 2020
Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro Schools Division
Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

Teaching Guide for Senior High School

GENERAL BIOLOGY 2
SPECIALIZED SUBJECT

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
MIMAROPA Region
Schools Division of Calapan City
Oriental Mindoro National High School
J.P Rizal St., San Vicente East, Calapan City

SUMMATIVE TEST: GENERAL BIOLOGY 2

Quarter 2: Week 3 and 4

Name of Learner: _________________________________ Grade Level: _________________________

Section: ____________________ Date: _______________ Parent/Guardian’s Signature: _____________
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Avoid ERASURES.

1. The gases diffuse into the intercellular spaces of the leaf through pores, which are normally on
the underside of the leaf. What do you call these pores?
a. stomata b. cleavage furrow c. ATP d. nodes
2. What is the reason on why stomata open and close?
a. depends on the amount of nitrogen in the environment
b. due to the changes in the turgor of the guard cells
c. due to the amount of ATP in the cells
d. depends on the number of gases in the air
3. What is the product of animal respiration?
a. CO2 b. O2 c. CH d. CO3
4. How does the earthworms exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide?
a. through their gills
b. through their skins
c. with the use of their lungs
d. they didn’t exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
5. Which of these is the correct equation for photosynthesis?
a. carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
b. glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
c. carbon dioxide + oxygen → water + oxygen
d. water + oxygen → carbon dioxide + glucose
6. When does respiration happen in plants?
a. all the time
b. only during the day
c. only during the night
d. every season
7. When is the movement of carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor at the surface of the leaf
likely to be greatest?
a. When the stomata are open
b. When the stomata are closed
c. When it is cool and humid
d. When it is hot and humid
8. What do you call the series of openings in terrestrial arthropods that they use in gas exchange?
a. spinacle b. spiracles c. stomata d. gills
9. How does the carbon dioxide in earthworms transported back to the skin?
a. with the use of white blood cells
b. with the use of hemoglobin
c. with the use of the deeply embedded cells
d. by the use of moist membrane
10. There is an overall uptake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen by a plant under certain
conditions. Which statement about such a plant is correct?
a. Respiration is happening faster than photosynthesis
b. Photosynthesis and respiration are happening at the same rate
c. Photosynthesis is happening faster than respiration

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 d. Respiration happens before photosynthesis
11. How do plants obtain the carbon dioxide they need for photosynthesis?
a. By osmosis
b. By diffusion
c. By active transport.
d. By facilitated transport
12. Which of these is an adaptation of leaves for efficient gas exchange?
a. Tightly packed spongy mesophyll cells
b. A waxy cuticle on the upper surface of the leaf
c. Tiny pores, called stomata, in the lower epidermis
d. The thorns and spikes of plant helps the gas exchange
13. What happens to stomata in the light?
a. Their guard cells absorb water by osmosis, become turgid and the stomata open
b. Their guard cells absorb water by osmosis, become flaccid and the stomata close
c. Their guard cells lose water by osmosis, become turgid and the stomata open
d. Their guard cells lose water by diffusion, become turgid and the stomata close
14. Where does photosynthesis takes place?
a. in the leaf b. in the roots c. in the fruit d. in the trunk
15. What organ does the fish use in the exchange of gases?
a. pectoral fin b. gills c. scales d. dorsal fin
16. What are two transport systems in plants?
a. xylem and phloem c. xylem and plowem
b. stem and phloem d. xylus nf phloem
17. What do you call the process on which water evaporates from the leaves?
a. Transfusion b. Transmutation c. Transpiration d. Transcription
18. Which of the following best describes closed circulatory system?
a. Blood vessels transport all fluids into a cavity.
b. The blood bathes the organ directly, thus supplying oxygen and removing waste from the
organ.
c. Most invertebrates have a closed circulatory system.
d. In closed circulatory system, the blood stays within the blood vessels.
19. In this system, deoxygenated blood leaves the heart through the right ventricle and is transported
to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
a. systematic circulation system c. systemic circulation system
b. closed circulation system d. pulmonary circulation system
20. Which of the following supplies blood in the entire body?
a. systematic circulation system c. systemic circulation system
b. closed circulation system d. pulmonary circulation system
21. In this system, blood vessels transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and return
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
a. systematic circulation system c. systemic circulation system
b. closed circulation system d. pulmonary circulation system
22. In this system, blood vessels transport oxygenated blood from the heart to various organs in the
body and return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
a. systematic circulation system c. systemic circulation system
b. closed circulation system d. pulmonary circulation system
23. In what part of the plants does they obtain gases?
a. leaves b. roots c. fruits d. stem
24. The following are the products of photosynthesis EXCEPT;
a. Oxygen b. Carbon Dioxide c. Glucose d. Water
25. What is the formula of Glucose?
a. C6H12O6 c. C12H22O12
b. C6H13O6 d. C6H22O12

CONGRATULATIONS!
THANK YOU FOR ACCOMPLISHING MODULE 3 AND 4!

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