GROUP 9

JEREMY ANDRES
JOHN-DRED BAUTISTA
MARK VINCENT DARBIN
JASPER JARAVATA
JAY MARK LIMPAHAN
OBJECT MARKING &
RAISED PAVEMENT
MARKERS
DPWH. (2012). DPWH BOOK 2 FINAL
OF ROAD SAFETY MANUALS 2012 (PP.
130-132).
 OBJECT MARKING

-typically refers to the use of

visual and tactile elements to
highlight or delineate various
objects, structures, or
features along the roadway
or railway.
 APPLICATIONS OF OBJECT
MARKINGS
Physical obstruction in or near a roadway
that constitute serious hazard to traffic,
including installations designed for the
control of traffic shall adequately marked.
Typical obstructions of this character are:
Bridge supports
Traffic islands
Beacon, signal and sign support
Loading islands
Railroads and draw-bridge gate
Posts of narrow bridges
Underpass piers and abutments
Culvert piers
Poles, trees, rocks, and structures giving resistance to
overhead clearance
4 Types of Object Markers
In addition to markings, a guardrail should be placed
advance of solid obstructions to deflect runaway vehicles
and reduce the severity of impact. Guardrails should be
painted reflectorized white
OBJECTS WITHIN THE ROADWAY

Obstruction in the roadway, if not illuminated shall be

marked with reflectorized hazard markers. For
additional emphasis it is advisable to mark
obstructions other than islands with reflectorized
white paint with no less than five alternating
reflectorized black and white stripes. The stripes shall
slope at angle of 45 degrees towards the side of the
obstruction on which traffic shall be uniform and no
less than 100 mm in width. A large surface, such as a
bridge pier, may require stripes of 300 mm
BRIDGE SUPPORTS
Photo credit: Land Transportation Office - San Fernando District Office Source: [https://www.facebook.com/photo?
fbid=140729853981338&set=pcb.140729897314667]"
 MARKING ON CURBS

Reflectorized yellow shall be used on curbs all islands

located in the line traffic flows especially on curbs directly
ahead of traffic at “T” and offset intersections
OBJECTS ADJACENT TO THE ROADWAY
Hazard markers either as signs or painted markings are to be
used on objects so close to the edge of the roadway as to
constitute define hazard. These include such encroachments
as underpass piers, abutments, culverts, headwalls, utility
poles and ornamental buildings.
Other adjacent objects which are not likely to be hit unless a
vehicle runs off the road, such as guardrails, trees and rocks
must be painted reflectorized white.
Photo credit: Land Transportation Office - San Fernando District Office Source:
[https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=140729853981338&set=pcb.140729897314667]"
RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS

GENERAL
Raised pavement markers are small devices which are fixed
to the concrete pavement surface to stimulate or
supplement painted pavement markings. Use or installation
of raised pavement markers (or studs) on asphalt-paved
roads is subject to the conditions stated in the DPWH
Department Order No.36 dated August 12, 2009. Raised
pavement markers may be reflectorized or non-reflectorized,
depending on their use and positions when installed.
Warrants for Use

Because of the high cost of installation and

maintenance, use of raised pavement markers may
be considered only in the following condition:
In hilly areas where fog and rain are frequently
the causes of traffic accidents; and,
In winding roads and accident prone areas
CAT’S EYES
Substitution of lane lines

the substitution of painted lines by raised pavement

markers should only occur where necessary and is
usually reserved for lane line where the visual,
auditory and tactile effects of the markers help to
keep the motorists to stay in a given lane. The
marker used for this purpose may be a combination
of reflective and non-reflective markers.
Placement of Raised Pavement Markers
Placement of Raised Pavement Markers
Supplementing painted lines

Reflective markers placed at regular intervals in

gaps along a line may help to define the line
particularly at night or under foggy or wet
conditions
The lines usually treated in this manner are:
Center lines; and,
Edge lines
Placement of Markers

Markers supplementing center or lane line may be

placed in the gaps mid-way between the line
segments at a spacing of 9m where fog or heavy
rain occurs in the built-up areas. A spacing of 12m
shall be used where there is less likelihood of fog
and where there is no street lighting in the rural
environment. Markers used to replace lane shall be
placed in groups as shown:
Placement of Raised Pavement Markers
Placement of Raised Pavement Markers
Placement of Markers

Double faced raised pavement markers are placed

on undivided roadway while single faced raised
pavement markers are placed on divided
roadways. Yellow raised pavement markers are
used for yellow pavement markings and white
markers for white pavement markings.
Specifications for different raised pavement
markers are as shown: