wimo TM

Wireless Monitoring System

What is wimo™ ?
• World’s first practical, wireless production monitoring system
• Measures pressure, temperature, and flow rate!
• Novel downhole telemetry requires no repeaters!
• Solar powered surface system brings secure well data to your
Smart devices
 Wellhead

How Does wimo™ Perturbated

Flow Received

Wireless Telemetry Work?

• Downhole turbine coupled to a generator
converts flow into electricity
• When a load is added to the generator, it slows Signal Transmission
via Production Fluid
down, which causes a pressure change in the
flow (signal)
• The pressure signals can be read at the surface,
with no repeaters required
• The signals are so small that they will not be µP Electronics
detected by existing surface equipment, i.e. no and Switch

operator impact G Generator

Load to
Ground
Perturbated Turbine
Flow Created

Flow from Reservoir

Applications
• Retrofit gauge installation
• Drill Stem Testing
Applications
• Retrofit gauge installation
• Drill Stem Testing
• Permanent downhole gauge replacement
Applications
• Retrofit gauge installation
• Drill Stem Testing
• Permanent downhole gauge replacement
• Intelligent Completion Monitoring
• Multizone Injection Monitoring
wimo™
Wellhead Communication Unit

• Small footprint
• Solar powered
• IECEx Zone 1 Certified
• LTE wireless telemetry to cloud or client
database with SSH tunnel using public-key
cryptography
• WiFi enabled for set-up and maintenance
 WiDash TM

Dashboard for Live Data Visualization

• Well Data from cloud to HTTPS encrypted

dashboard with Transport Layer Security (TLS)
• Can be downloaded onto client PI database or
other visualization software
• Secure data visualization in many formats for
different level users from office or field
wimo™ Hanger Options

Landing Nipple Style

Ex: Otis X Locking Mandrel and Nipple
Fluid Inlet

Fluid Outlet

Nipple-less Style
Ex: SLB Peak Family Retrievable Plug
 Why Select a Pressure Pulse Wireless Gauge?
Evaluation:
A B C D E F G • Need a downhole gauge, so
Gauge EM Surface Permanent Memory Acoustic Press Pulse Press Pulse wellhead gage (A) is out.
Type DH Gauge Gauge • Need a replaceable gauge, so
Features

Gauge Gauge Gauge Gauge Gauge

Rating
Data Frequency Slow High High None Medium Slow Slow permanent DH gauge (B) is out.
Explainations
Power Supply Batteries Surface Surface Batteries Batteries Batteries Turb & Gen
No Yes
• Need live data so memory
Repeaters Yes No No No No
Replaceable? S S - S S S S -=no, S=yes
gauge (C) is out.
Downhole? S - S S S S S -=no, S=yes • The only negative for wimo
Data Frequent? S + + - + S S -=no data, S=slow, +=faster compared to acoustic and EM
Data during Shut-in? S S S - S - - -=no, S=yes gauges is the lack of monitoring
Long Term Power Supply? S + + S S S + S=primary battery only, +=better during shut-in (no flow for data
Repeaters Needed? S + + + - + + -=many, S=some, +=none to communicate upon).
Packer Attenuates Signal? S S S S - S S -=yes, S=no, • Addition of the small primary
Flow Measurement? S S S S S S + S=no, +=yes
battery and post shut-in
No Go? NOGO NOGO NOGO OK OK OK
Totals

Plusses le in
e
3 3 1 1 1 3
communication of data solves
s the shut-in problem.
Minuses Ba 1 1 2 2 1 1
Selected • Since wimo monitoring during
shut-in can be high speed, it has
• Pugh Analysis is a simple method to rank several options using minimal weighting to reduce bias.
• EM Gauge (Column A) was selected as the baseline, then others were ranked better (+), Same (S), or worse (-).
practically the same capability
• Plusses and minuses were tallied and compared. Very bad minuses (B, C, & D) were termed NOGO and eliminated. as EM and acoustic.
• The option with the most plusses and the least minuses is “selected.” • Add the flow rate feature and
clearly wimo is the best choice
for a wireless downhole gauge
 Downhole Flow Rate Measurement – Why is it a Big Deal?
Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) Without Shut-In

Location Surface Downhole

Meter Type Test Multiphase Mass

Separator Meter Meter
All 5 criteria
Accuracy High High Lowa
are relevant
for good PTA Repeatability Lowb High High
analysis.
Noise Highc Highc Low
Be careful NOT Resolution Low High High
to focus only
on accuracy! Frequency Lowd Lowd High

Cost Low High Medium

a - Low accuracy due to the lack of a watercut measurement
b
4 of the 5 Measurement Criteria Illustrated
- Low repeatability due to fluid properties and combined measurements
c (Frequency not shown)
- High noise due to flow measurement located very remote from reservoir
d - Low frequency due to measurement not dedicated 24/7 to one well

What reservoir properties can be determined by PTA without shut-in?

Fracture conductivity, half-length, mobility, permeability, skin, drainage area, depletion, and reservoir pressure,
including in multizone wells, are all interpretable from… high-frequency downhole rate and pressure data.
Lawrence Camilleri, et al; SPE-204567-MS; 2021
 Turbine Selection and Pressure Drop
100.0
Pressure Drop (psi)

10.0

1.0
2500-12,500 bpd
1500-7500 bpd
500-2500 bpd
0.1
100 1,000 10,000 100,000

Total Downhole Liquid Flow Rate (bpd)

The turbine - generator utilizes well flow and a small amount of pressure drop to generate the required downhole power to
run the sensors, microprocessor, and perturbation communication protocols.
Downhole Measurements  Well Performance
• Accurate and frequent measurements are needed to properly Location, Location, Location…
Potential impact of wellbore phase redistribution
assess well performance. on a derivative plot where pressure measurement
• Pressure, temperature, and flow rate at the reservoir are the is taken at the surface. Data can be rendered
useless…
most accurate.
• Surface measurements are inexpensive and frequent but can
be very inaccurate, see the example figure.
• Well logs are accurate but very infrequent
• Permanent downhole gauges located above the packer are
reasonably accurate and give very frequent measurements. Bottom line: put the
measurements as close to
Failures must be replaced by a well workover. the reservoir as possible!
• Wireless gauges can be placed at the reservoir, are frequent
and very accurate.
• Replaceable wireless gauge is the best overall solution.

Properties determined by downhole measurements include:

• Drainage Area and Reservoir Volume
• Skin Factor (near wellbore reservoir damage)
• Permeability and Thickness (kh)
• Productivity Index (PI)
• Calibration of Well and Reservoir Model Reservoir Model
wimo Enables PTA Deconvolution Evaluation
Downhole pressure vs. time plot of three draw
downs and three Pressure Build-up (PBU) tests.
The PBUs are colored pink, green, and blue.

Corresponding surface flow rate vs. time.

ΔP plots (upper curves) and δP/δt derivative

plots (lower curves) of each PBU in
corresponding colors. This chart contains log-
log scales. Notice the test time is the same as
each PBU, approximately 9-70 hours, log
scale.

The deconvolution routine is shown in red

squares. Notice the duration is about 300
hours, which is the total time of the three
flow periods plus the three draw downs. This
extra insight of the boundary effects did not
require a 300 hour shut-in test.