EEN-206

Power Transmission and Distribution

Lecture 12: Line parameters
Dr. Deep Kiran
Capacitance of the Line
 Capacitance of a Straight Conductor

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-system/ui/Course_home-1.htm
Capacitance of Single-Phase Line
Capacitance of Single-Phase Line

𝑞
𝐶𝐴𝐵 =
𝑉𝐴𝐵
Phase to Ground Capacitance of Single-
Phase Line
Three Phase Line: VAB due to charge QA

A B C

QA DAB

𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑄𝐴 𝑄𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑉𝐴𝐵_𝐴 = න 𝑑𝑥 = ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑥 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴
𝑟𝐴
VAB due to charge QB

A B C
DAB QB

𝑅𝐵
𝑄𝐵 𝑄𝐵 𝑟𝐵
𝑉𝐴𝐵_𝐵 = න 𝑑𝑥 = ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑥 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝐷𝐴𝐵
VAB due to charge QC

A B C
DBC
QC

DAC

𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑄𝐶 𝑄𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐵_𝐶 = න 𝑑𝑥 = ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑥 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐶
𝐷𝐴𝐶
Voltage Difference between conductor A
and B
𝑄𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑄𝐵 𝑟𝐵 𝑄𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐵_𝐴 = ln 𝑉𝐴𝐵_𝐵 = ln 𝑉𝐴𝐵_𝐶 = ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐶

Using the principle of superposition

𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴𝐵_𝐴 + 𝑉𝐴𝐵_𝐵 + 𝑉𝐴𝐵_𝐶
𝑄𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑄𝐵 𝑟𝐵 𝑄𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
= ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐶

Similarly,
𝑄𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝑄𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑄𝐶 𝑟𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐶 = ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐶
Symmetric Spacing
C 𝑄𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑄𝐵 𝑟𝐵 𝑄𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐶
𝑄𝐴 𝐷 𝑄𝐵 𝑟 𝑄𝐶 𝐷
= ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷
1 𝐷 𝑟
D D = 𝑄𝐴 ln + 𝑄𝐵 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷
D

A B Similarly,
𝑄𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝑄𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑄𝐶 𝑟𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐶 = ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐶
𝑄𝐴 𝐷 𝑄𝐵 𝐷 𝑄𝐶 𝑟
= ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷
1 𝐷 𝑟
= 𝑄𝐴 ln + 𝑄𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷
Attendance
Phase Voltage
1 𝐷 𝑟 1 𝐷 𝑟
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln 𝑉𝐴𝐶 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷
Capacitance of Symmetric Three-Phase
Line

1 𝐷 𝐷
= 2𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐴 ln
6𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝑟
 Three-Phase Asymmetric Transmission
Line
->a ->a
->b ->b
->c ->c

First Second Third

1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑟 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶

1 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟 𝐷𝐶𝐴
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐴

1 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝐷𝐶𝐵
 Three-Phase Asymmetric Transmission
Line
->a ->a
->b ->b
->c ->c

First Second Third

𝑄𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝑄𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑄𝐶 𝑟𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 = ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐶

𝑄𝐴 𝐷𝐵𝐴 𝑄𝐵 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝑄𝐶 𝑟𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐵𝐶 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐵𝐴

𝑄𝐴 𝐷𝐶𝐵 𝑄𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑄𝐶 𝑟𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 = ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐶𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐶𝐵
 Three-Phase Asymmetric Transmission
Line
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶

1 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐵

1 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶

𝑉𝐴𝐵𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 + 𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 + 𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑

𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝 =
3
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
= 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
6𝜋𝜀0 𝑟3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶

𝑉𝐴𝐶𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 + 𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 + 𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑

𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝 =
3
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟3
= 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
6𝜋𝜀0 𝑟3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
Capacitance of Three-Phase Asymmetric
Transmission Line
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 + 𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 + 𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝 =
3
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟3
= 𝑞 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln
6𝜋𝜀0 𝐴 𝑟3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐶𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 + 𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 + 𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑
𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝 =
3
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟3
= 𝑞 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
6𝜋𝜀0 𝐴 𝑟3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
Capacitance of Three-Phase Asymmetric
Transmission Line

𝑉𝐴𝑁𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟3
= 2𝑞𝐴 ln − 𝑞𝐴 ln
18𝜋𝜀0 𝑟3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝑁𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
= 2𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐴 ln
18𝜋𝜀0 𝑟3 𝑟3
1/3
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
= 𝑞 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝐴 𝑟3
Capacitance of Three-Phase Asymmetric
Transmission Line
Effect of Earth on Capacitance

Without ground

With presence of Ground

Effect of Earth on Capacitance