EEN-206

Power Transmission and Distribution

Lecture 13: Line parameters
Dr. Deep Kiran
Phase Voltage
1 𝐷 𝑟 1 𝐷 𝑟
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln 𝑉𝐴𝐶 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷
Capacitance of Symmetric Three-Phase
Line

1 𝐷 𝐷
= 2𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐴 ln
6𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝑟
 Three-Phase Asymmetric Transmission
Line
->a ->a
->b ->b
->c ->c

First Second Third

1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑟 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶

1 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟 𝐷𝐶𝐴
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐴

1 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝐷𝐶𝐵
 Three-Phase Asymmetric Transmission
Line
->a ->a
->b ->b
->c ->c

First Second Third

𝑄𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝑄𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑄𝐶 𝑟𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 = ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐴𝐶

𝑄𝐴 𝐷𝐵𝐴 𝑄𝐵 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝑄𝐶 𝑟𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐵𝐶 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐵𝐴

𝑄𝐴 𝐷𝐶𝐵 𝑄𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑄𝐶 𝑟𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 = ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐶𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐷𝐶𝐵
 Three-Phase Asymmetric Transmission
Line
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶

1 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐵

1 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶

𝑉𝐴𝐵𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 + 𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 + 𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑

𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝 =
3
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
= 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
6𝜋𝜀0 𝑟3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶

𝑉𝐴𝐶𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 + 𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 + 𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑

𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝 =
3
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟3
= 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
6𝜋𝜀0 𝑟3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
Capacitance of Three-Phase Asymmetric
Transmission Line
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 + 𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 + 𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑
𝑉𝐴𝐵𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝 =
3
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟3
= 𝑞 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln
6𝜋𝜀0 𝐴 𝑟3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐶𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 + 𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 + 𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑
𝑉𝐴𝐶𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝 =
3
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟3
= 𝑞 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
6𝜋𝜀0 𝐴 𝑟3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
Capacitance of Three-Phase Asymmetric
Transmission Line

𝑉𝐴𝑁𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟3
= 2𝑞𝐴 ln − 𝑞𝐴 ln
18𝜋𝜀0 𝑟3 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝑁𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
= 2𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐴 ln
18𝜋𝜀0 𝑟3 𝑟3
1/3
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶
= 𝑞 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝐴 𝑟3
Capacitance of Three-Phase Asymmetric
Transmission Line
Effect of Earth on Capacitance

Without ground

With presence of Ground

Effect of Earth on Capacitance
Attendance
Effect of Earth on Capacitance

2𝜋𝜀0
𝐶=
2𝐻
ln
𝑟
Single Phase Line

𝑉𝐴𝐵
𝑞 𝑑 −𝑞 𝑟 −𝑞 𝑔 𝑞 2ℎ
= ln + ln + ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑑 2𝜋𝜀0 2ℎ 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑔
𝑞 𝑑 𝑟 𝑔 2ℎ
= ln − ln − ln + ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝑑 2ℎ 𝑔
2
𝑞 2ℎ𝑑 𝑞 2ℎ𝑑
= ln = ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝑔 𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝑔
Effect of Ground

Therefore

where

Therefore
𝜋𝜀0
𝐶𝐴𝐵 =
𝑑 2ℎ
ln + ln
𝑟 𝑔

Without Earth Effect

Effect of Earth on Capacitance
Three-Phase Line

1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑟𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶

Without earth effect

1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑟𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′

𝑉𝐴𝐵 = ൥𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln −𝑞𝐴 ln − 𝑞𝐵 ln − 𝑞𝐶 ln ቉
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐴𝐶′

With earth effect

Symmetrical Three Phase Line
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑟𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = ൥𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln −𝑞𝐴 ln − 𝑞𝐵 ln − 𝑞𝐶 ln ቉
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐴𝐶′

1 𝐷 𝑟 𝐷 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′

𝑉𝐴𝐵 = ቈ𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln −𝑞𝐴 ln − 𝑞𝐵 ln − 𝑞𝐶 ln ቉
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷 𝐷 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐴𝐶′
Three-Phase Line

1 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟𝐶 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐶𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′

𝑉𝐴𝐶 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln − 𝑞𝐴 ln − 𝑞𝐵 ln − 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐴𝐶′

With earth effect

Symmetrical Three Phase Line
1 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟𝐶 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐶𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′
𝑉𝐴𝐶 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln − 𝑞𝐴 ln − 𝑞𝐵 ln − 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐴𝐶′

1 𝐷 𝐷 𝑟 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐶𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′

𝑉𝐴𝐶 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln − 𝑞𝐴 ln − 𝑞𝐵 ln − 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷 𝐷 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐴𝐶′
 Symmetrical Three Phase Line
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑟𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = ൥𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln −𝑞𝐴 ln − 𝑞𝐵 ln − 𝑞𝐶 ln ቉
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐴𝐶′

1 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝑟𝐶 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐶𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′

𝑉𝐴𝐶 = 𝑞 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln − 𝑞𝐴 ln − 𝑞𝐵 ln − 𝑞𝐶 ln
2𝜋𝜀0 𝐴 𝑟𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐴𝐶′

With transposition averaging the distances

3 3 3 3 3
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln 3 + 𝑞𝐶 ln 3 − 𝑞𝐴 ln 3 − 𝑞𝐵 ln 3 − 𝑞𝐶 ln 3
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′
3 3 3 3 3
1 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′
𝑉𝐴𝐶 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln 3 + 𝑞𝐶 ln 3 − 𝑞𝐴 ln 3 − 𝑞𝐵 ln 3 − 𝑞𝐶 ln 3
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐶𝐴 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′

3 3
1 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln − 𝑞𝐴 ln 3 − 𝑞𝐵 ln 3
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′
3 3
1 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′
𝑉𝐴𝐶 = 𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln − 𝑞𝐴 ln 3 − 𝑞𝐶 ln 3
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′
 Capacitance of Symmetrical Three
Phase Line
3 3
1 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′
𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝑞 ln + 𝑞𝐵 ln − 𝑞𝐴 ln 3 − 𝑞𝐵 ln 3
2𝜋𝜀0 𝐴 𝑟 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′
3 3
1 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′
𝑉𝐴𝐶 = 𝑞 ln + 𝑞𝐶 ln − 𝑞𝐴 ln 3 − 𝑞𝐶 ln 3
2𝜋𝜀0 𝐴 𝑟 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′

Then VAN
𝑉𝐴𝐵 + 𝑉𝐴𝐶
𝑉𝐴𝑁 =
3
3 3
1 1 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′
= 2𝑞𝐴 ln + 𝑞𝐵 + 𝑞𝐶 ln − 2𝑞𝐴 ln 3 − 𝑞𝐵 + 𝑞𝐶 ln 3
3 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′ 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′

3
1 1 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′
= 3𝑞𝐴 ln − 3𝑞𝐴 ln 3
3 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′
Capacitance of Symmetrical Three
Phase Line
3
1 1 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′
𝑉𝐴𝑁 = 3𝑞𝐴 ln − 3𝑞𝐴 ln 3
3 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′

3
1 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′
𝑉𝐴𝑁 = 𝑞𝐴 ln − 𝑞𝐴 ln 3
2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′

𝑞𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐹
Therefore 𝐶𝐴𝑁 = =
𝑉𝐴𝑁 𝐺𝑀𝐷
3
𝐷𝐴𝐵′ 𝐷𝐵𝐶′ 𝐷𝐶𝐴′ 𝑚
ln − ln 3
𝑟 𝐷𝐴𝐴′ 𝐷𝐵𝐵′ 𝐷𝐶𝐶′

𝑞𝐴 2𝜋𝜀0 𝐹
Without earth effect 𝐶𝐴𝑁 = =
𝑉𝐴𝑁 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝑚
ln
𝑟