ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES FORMULAE

Resistance
Parallel 2 in Parallel
Series
1 1 1 1 𝑅1 𝑅2
𝑹𝑻 = 𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝑹𝑵 = + +⋯+ 𝑅𝑇 =
𝑅𝑇 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅𝑁 𝑅1 +𝑅2

Capacitance
Series 2 in Series
Parallel
1 1 1 1 𝐶1 𝐶2
𝑪𝑻 = 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝑪𝑵 = + + ⋯+ 𝐶𝑇 =
𝐶𝑇 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶𝑁 𝐶1 +𝐶2

Inductance
Parallel 2 in Parallel
Series
1 1 1 1 𝐿1 𝐿2
𝑳𝑻 = 𝑳𝟏 + 𝑳𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝑳𝑵 = + + ⋯+ 𝐿𝑇 =
𝐿𝑇 𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿𝑁 𝐿1 +𝐿2

Impedance
1 1
𝑋𝐶 = 𝑋𝐶 = XT = XL + XC
𝑗2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝜔𝐶

𝑋𝐿 = 𝑗2𝜋𝑓𝐿 𝑋𝐿 = 𝜔𝐿

Z = R + jX Z=M∠𝜃

𝑍𝑇 = 𝑍1 + 𝑍2 + ⋯ + 𝑍𝑁 Series Impedance

1 1 1 1
= + + ⋯+ Parallel Impedance
𝑍𝑇 𝑍1 𝑍2 𝑍𝑁

Complex Numbers
Rectangular form R + jX
Polar Form 𝑀∠∅
𝑋
Rectangular to Polar 𝑀 = √𝑅 2 + 𝑋 2 ∅ = tan−1 ( )
𝑅
Polar to Rectangular 𝑀(𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ + 𝑗𝑠𝑖𝑛∅) 𝑀𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ + 𝑗𝑀𝑠𝑖𝑛∅
 Power
𝑉2
P = True power 𝑃 = 𝐼2 𝑅 𝑃= P = IV Cos φ Measured in Watts
𝑅
𝑉2
Q = Reactive Power 𝑄 = 𝐼2 𝑋 𝑄= Q = I V Sin φ Measured in VAR
𝑋
𝑉2
S = Apparent Power 𝑆 = 𝐼2 𝑍 𝑆= S=IV Measured in VA
𝑍
1
𝑆̇ = 𝑃 + 𝑗𝑄 = 𝑉̇ 𝐼 ̇
Complex Power 2 𝑆 = |𝑆̇| = √𝑃2 + 𝑄 2
= 𝑉𝑅𝑀𝑆 𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 ∠𝜙
𝑃
Power Factor 𝑝𝑓 = = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙
𝑆
Transformers
𝒅𝚽 𝑑Φ 𝑒1 𝑁1 𝑖2
𝒆 𝟏 = 𝑵𝟏 𝑒2 = 𝑁2 = =
𝒅𝒕 𝑑𝑡 𝑒2 𝑁2 𝑖1