SCIENCE9 4TH Quarter Module 4

LESSON

4
ENERGY
In Figures 1, 2 and 3, we represent PE for
Potential Energy, KE for Kinetic Energy and ME
for Mechanical Energy. By looking at the
illustrations, how is these three types of energy
related to one another?
Correct! Mechanical energy is the sum of
potential and kinetic energy. We can also infer if
the kinetic energy is high, the potential energy
is low, otherwise, if the kinetic energy is low, the
potential energy is high. How would you
differentiate the changing PE and KE for every
point in each situation of the three illustrations?
As a recall, we define potential energy as a
stored energy of an object. There are several
types of potential energy but the type of PE
acting upon Figure 1 to Figure 3 is the Figure 1. PE, KE and ME of an object dropped.
gravitational potential energy. The magnitude of
this type of PE relies upon its mass and the
object’s position from the ground. The formula
for PE is:
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ

where: PE = Potential Energy

m = mass
g = 9.8 m/s2
h = height
Figure 2. PE, KE and ME of a pendulum.
On the other hand, kinetic energy is the
energy of a moving object. Its magnitude of this
type of energy is dependent upon its mass and
speed. The formula for KE is:
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = 2
where: KE = Kinetic Energy
m = mass
v = speed
We can say that Mechanical Energy is…
ME = PE + KE Figure 3. PE, KE and ME of a rolling down the cliff
then encountering a small hill.
We can also say that…
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ +
2
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

The law of conservation of energy states that in a closed system, energy can neither be
created nor destroyed. It can only be converted from one form to another form of energy;
thus, the total amount of energy is constant.
This law is essential in situations involving mechanical energy, 𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴. This means that
whenever the mechanical energy is converted from one form to another (potential or kinetic),
the total energy from the beginning of the process is the same as the total at the end of the
process.

SCIENCE-GRADE 9 1
 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 ⇄ 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾

𝑀𝑀𝐸𝐸𝑖𝑖 = 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑓𝑓

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 + 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓 + 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓

𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑓𝑓2
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑖 + = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑓𝑓 + 3) A 21-kg object falling towards the earth
2 2
has a speed of 9 m/s when it is 90 m
above the ground. What will be its
SAMPLE PROBLEM SOLVING speed when it is 5 m above the ground?

1) Daniela is sitting on a 1.10 m high wall Given: 𝑚𝑚 = 21 kg

and his mass is 45 kg. Calculate his 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 = 9 m/s
mechanical energy. ℎ𝑖𝑖 = 90 m
𝑔𝑔 = 9.8 m/s2
Given: ℎ = 1.10 m ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 5 m
𝑚𝑚 = 45 kg Required: 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 = ?
𝑔𝑔 = 9.8 m/s2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑓𝑓2
Equations: 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑖 + = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑓𝑓 +
2 2
Required: 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = ?
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑓𝑓2
Solution: 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑖 + = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑓𝑓 +
2 2
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
Equations: 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ + 2
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑓𝑓2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖2
= 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑖 + − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑓𝑓
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 2 2
Solution: 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ + (21 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘)𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓2
2
= (21 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘)(9.8 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2 )(90 𝑚𝑚)
2
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ (21 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘)(9 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠)2
+
2
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = (45 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘)(9.8 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2 )(1.10 𝑚𝑚) − (21 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘)(9.8 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2 )(5 𝑚𝑚)

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 485.10 𝐽𝐽 (21 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘)𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓2

= 18522 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ∙ 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑠𝑠 2 + 850.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2
∙ 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑠𝑠 2 − 1029 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ∙ 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑠𝑠 2
2) Kimberly accidentally brushed off a
1.10 kg flowerpot that it fell from a
height of 8.19 m above the ground. (21 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘)𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓2
What is the kinetic energy of the = 18343.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ∙ 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑠𝑠 2
2
flowerpot once it reaches the ground?
(21 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘)𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓2 = 2(18343.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ∙ 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑠𝑠 2 )
Given: 𝑚𝑚 = 1.10 kg
ℎ = 8.19 m 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓2 =
36687 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘∙𝑚𝑚2/𝑠𝑠2
𝑔𝑔 = 9.8 m/s2 21 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

Required: 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = ? �𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 2 = �1747 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑠𝑠 2

Equations: 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 + 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓 + 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓
Solution: 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 + 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓 + 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 = 41.80 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 = 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑖 = 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓 = (1.10 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘)(9.8 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2 )(8.19 𝑚𝑚)

𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓 = 88.29 𝐽𝐽

SCIENCE-GRADE 9 2
 NOTE: PLEASE SUBMIT THIS PAGE ONLY! SCIE. 9 Q4 ASSESSMENT NO. 4

NAME: ____________________________________________________________SCORE: ______________

GRADE/SECTION: DATE: ______ TEACHER: MR. JEROME L. HIZON

A. Graphical Representation
Directions: Shade the following bar graph below the illustration to compare the amount
of KE, PE and ME of the cart in each point of the roller coaster track.

B. Guide Questions
Directions: Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

1) In which part of the roller coaster does the cart has…

a. the highest amount of potential energy? kinetic energy? _________________________
b. the lowest amount of potential energy? kinetic energy?___________________________
c. equal amount of potential and kinetic energy?___________________________________
2) Is the mechanical energy the same from point A to F? Defend your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

C. Directions: Solve the following problems. Show your solution.

1. Janine placed a cereal box on top of a 1.4-m high refrigerator and its mass is 0.4 kg.
Calculate the ME of the cereal box.

2. Joric dropped a 3.30 kg bag from a height of 12.24 m above the ground. What is the kinetic
energy of the bag once it reaches the ground?

3. A skydiver named Michaela has a mass of 50 kg. She is skydiving towards the earth at the
rate of 9.30 m/s when it is 200 m above the ground. What will be her speed when it is 7.26
m above the ground?

SCIENCE-GRADE 9 3