Conservation of Energy

Melsa Rose Ducut

 Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy is neither created nor destroyed but can be transformed from

one form to another.
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑓𝑓 = 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖
When no spring or any elastic material When a spring or any elastic material
is involved. is involved.
𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓 + 𝑈𝑈𝑔𝑔 = 𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖 + 𝑈𝑈𝑔𝑔 𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓 + 𝑈𝑈𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑓 = 𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖 + 𝑈𝑈𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖
𝑓𝑓 𝑖𝑖

1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 2 + 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 2 + 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑖𝑖 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 2 + 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥𝑓𝑓 2 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 2 + 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
Law of Conservation of Energy

At the top, the potential

energy is high and kinetic
energy is low.

At the bottom the potential

energy is low and the kinetic
energy is high
 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝐾𝐾 + 𝑈𝑈𝑔𝑔
𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 0 + 𝑈𝑈𝑔𝑔

Law of Conservation of Energy 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝑈𝑈𝑔𝑔

𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

At the top, the potential

energy is high and kinetic
energy is low.

𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝐾𝐾 + 𝑈𝑈𝑔𝑔
At the bottom the potential 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝐾𝐾 + 0
energy is low and the kinetic 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝐾𝐾
1
energy is high 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
2
 Law of Conservation of Energy

𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝐾𝐾 + 𝑈𝑈𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
When it is stretched 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 0 + 𝑈𝑈𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝑈𝑈𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
1
𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 2
2

Once the bowstring 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝐾𝐾 + 𝑈𝑈𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒

returns to equilibrium 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝐾𝐾 + 0
𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝐾𝐾
(released) 1
𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
2
 1 2
1 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑖𝑖 − 𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑓𝑓
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 2 + 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑖𝑖 2 𝑓𝑓
2
Problem 1 1 2
1 2
𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 = 𝑔𝑔 ℎ𝑖𝑖 − ℎ𝑓𝑓
𝑚𝑚 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 + 𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑖𝑖 2
2
𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 2 = 2 𝑔𝑔 ℎ𝑖𝑖 − ℎ𝑓𝑓
A ball with mass of 2kg is dropped 1 2
from the top of a building that is 30 𝑣𝑣 + 𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑖𝑖
2 𝑓𝑓 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 = 2𝑔𝑔 ℎ𝑖𝑖 − ℎ𝑓𝑓
m high. What is the velocity of the
ball when it is 10 m above the Solution:
ground?
Given: Required to find: 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 =
𝑚𝑚
2 9.8 2 30 𝑚𝑚 − 10 𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚 = 2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 =? 𝑠𝑠
ℎ𝑖𝑖 = 30 𝑚𝑚
Equation: 𝑚𝑚
ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 10 𝑚𝑚 1 1
Answer: 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 = 19.80
𝑠𝑠
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 + 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 2 + 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑖𝑖
2
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 = 0 2 2
 1 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 2 = 2 𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑖𝑖
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 2 = 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑖𝑖
2
Problem 2
1 2 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 = 2 𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑖𝑖
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑖𝑖
2 𝑓𝑓
A pendulum with a mass of 4.5 kg Solution:
reaches a maximum height of 1.0 m.
What is its velocity at the 𝑚𝑚
𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 = 2 9.8 2 1.0 𝑚𝑚
bottommost point in its path? 𝑠𝑠
Given: Required to find:
𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚 = 4.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 =? Answer: 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 = 4.43
𝑠𝑠
ℎ𝑖𝑖 = 1.0 𝑚𝑚
Equation:
ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 0 𝑚𝑚 1 1
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 + 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑓𝑓 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 2 + 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑖𝑖
2
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 = 0 2 2