A Case Study in Modeling Simulation of

W t
Wastewater
t T Treatment
t t Process
P

2009. 12. 2.

Yong-Hak Kim

KOLON Engineering & Construction / R&D Institute

• Contents

1. Needs of computing programs based on modeling

2. Introduction of BioWin

3. Simulations by Biowin (for a conventional activated

sludge treatment process)

4. Last comments

5. Additional Results

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 1. Needs of computing programs based on modeling

1.1. Advantages
g

• Complexity and variety of wastewater treatment process

: Advanced wastewater treatment for removing nitrogen and phosphorus

• Through predictions by the existing experiences,

experiences WWTP cannot be operated
optimally.

• A mathematical modeling based on kinetics and stoichiometry

▷ process simulation by computing programs

▷ prediction of effluent levels and optimized operation conditions

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 1. Needs of computing programs based on modeling

1.2. History
y

Generation application scope program

• estimating capacity of WWTP based • developing model using

1st
on organics loadings of influent computing languages ; Basic
(1985)
• Monod-Type Model & Fortran

• IAWPRC : ASM Model (1987) • GPS-X, Bio-Win, Stote

2nd
• Model for removing N & P → A commercial use of
(1995)
• Secondary Clarifier Model general models

• upgraded ASM Model

3rd • program suitable for
(ex. dPAO reaction)
(2003) personal PC
• evaluating economic feasibility

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 1. Needs of computing programs based on modeling

1.3. Procedure

Analysis Assessmentt
A •
Evaluation
E l ti Application
A li ti
Influent Toxicity Process Model

kinetic factors
optimized • deriving optimal
Influent => denitrification
operation of condition
Fraction => nitrification
Bioreactors • predictive
=> intake of P
operation

◆ Methods for improving applicability of computing programs

(1) the accuracy of pretest ; analysis of influent and characteristics of microorganisms

(2) a revision of simulated results based on measured data in plant

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 1. Needs of computing programs based on modeling

1.4. Effects

1 optimized operation in WWTP

summer
• optimizing operational factors

Efflent Level
(e.g. SRT, air supply rate, sludge return rate) winter

optimal
• making the operation manure suitable for
conditions
various environmental conditions
Operation Conditions (SRT, HRT etc.)
[ decision of optimal operation
condition using modeling ]

2 predictive operation in WWTP

• influent, external conditions of wastewater treatment process are changed frequently.

• The process can be simulated directly for various conditions using computing program.

• Predictions of particular effect factors can be possible.

possible

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 2. Introduction of BioWin

2.1. Summary
y

ƒ Developer : EnvrioSim Ltd. (Canada)

ƒ Simulation tool for designing and analyzing WWTP (software)

ƒ IAWPRC model No.1 (for activated sludge treatment)

→ addition of biological phosphorus removal

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IWAQ
Q ASM No. 1 ((1))

ƒ 13 components
Microorganisms (X , X )
BH BA

Carbonaceous compounds (S , S , X , X , X )
I S I S P

Nitrogenous compounds (S , S , S , X )
NO NH ND ND

Auxiliary states (S , S )
O ALK

ƒ 8 reactions
Oxidation of organic carbon, Nitrification, Denitrification, etc.

ƒ Basic structure (mass balance)

dC i Qin C i ,in − Qout C i

= + ri
dt V

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IWAQ
Q ASM No. 1 ((2))

Particulate
biodegradable organic X ND
nitrogen
aerobic anoxic
hydrolysis hydrolysis

de
h
at

at
de

h
Soluble
biodegradable S ND
organic nitrogen
Readily
Soluble inert Heterotrophic ammonification
biodegradable Autotrophic
organic matter bacteria
substrate aerobic aerobic bacteria
growth growth
SI SS X B,H S NH aerobic
bi
growth
X B, A
anoxic anoxic
growth growth NH4+ + NH3
nitrification nitrogen
a n ,o
gro xic
w th
anoxic
hydrolysis
aerobic
hydrolysis
S NO

h
h

at
at

de
Nitrate +

de
de

at
h
nitrite nitrogen

XI XS XP
Slowly
biodegradable Particulate products
Particulate
substrate from biomass decay
inert organic
death
matter

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 2. Introduction of BioWin

2.2. Advantages
g

ƒ a modeling/simulation package that can easily and

correctly realize WWTP

ƒ ease handling and low-priced cost in comparison to

other computing programs

ƒ community that exchanges information by users all

around the world

ƒ continuous upgrade by the production company

through suggestions of users

ƒ international acknowledgment from many case

studies using BioWin in Technical Conference Papers

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 3. Simulations by Biowin

3.1. Running
g the p
program
g
ƒ After inserting CD KEY

menu

tool bar

drawing board

[ the first screen of BioWin ]

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 3. Simulations by Biowin

3.2. Composition
p of elements

ƒ Click the Configure in Toolbar.

ƒ Select the unit facilities and array them.

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 3. Simulations by Biowin

3.3. Connection of elements

ƒ Connect the elements using pipe and splitter.

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 3. Simulations by Biowin

3.4. Editing
g Influent

Double Click !!

Click !!

ƒ Input the flow and

concentrations of influent

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 3. Simulations by Biowin

3.5. Specification
p of unit facilities

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 3. Simulations by Biowin

3.6. Flow split

p

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 3. Simulations by Biowin

3.7. Temperature
p

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 3. Simulations by Biowin

3.8. Simulation

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 3. Simulations by Biowin

3.9. View of results

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 4. Last comments

Meaning
g of modeling
g computing
p g simulation

Examination of designing the plant

ƒ For designing plant, can the conditions of mass balance and

capacity calculation guarantee the target quality ?

→ Suitability of design conditions can be checked by the computing

simulation.

Obtaining optimal operation condition of the plant

ƒ Under the external conditions (temperature, inflow, influent conc.,

etc.), optimal operation condition for improving the efficiency can

be obtained using the computing simulation.

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 5. Additional Results (1)

5.1.1. Pilot Plant in G WWTP ((Baijing)

j g)

Pilot Sight Laboratory

Pilot Reaction Tanks

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 5. Additional Results (1)

5.1.2. Operation
p conditions of Pilot Plant

Item Values Remarks

Influent Flow Rate
20~30
(m3/d)
Anaerobic Basin : 1.25 HRT : 1.0 ~ 1.5 hr
Volume of BNR Anoxic Basin : 2.5 HRT : 2.0 ~ 3.0 hr
Reactor (m3) Aerobic Basin : 3.75 HRT : 3.0 ~ 4.5 hr
Total : 7.5
HRT (hr) 6~9

MLSS (mg/L) Mixed Liquor : 3,200 Media (BioCube) : 18,000

F/M Ratio 0.15

BOD Volume Load
0.6
(kg/m3·d)
SRT (day) 5~10
Internal Recycle 100~200 %
g
Return Sludge 50~70 %

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 5. Additional Results (1)

5.1.3. Simulation in operation

p conditions
Operational Conditions Influent Input Values

Contents Conditions Contents Input Value

2006. 8.28 ~ 2006.11.22 influent Flow 20 m3/d

Operation Period
(After Phase 4) Temperature 21.23 ℃
Distribution Ratio DO 0.19 mg/L
7:3
(Anaerobic : Anoxic)
pH 7.75 mg/L
Internal Recycle 200% (40 m3/d)
CODCr
CO 402.39
0 mg/L
g/
Return Sludge 50% (10 m3/d)
197.65 mg/L Calculation)
BOD
Sludge Waste 1.5% (0.3 m3/d) 214.93mg/L (Measure)

202.27 mg/L
g/ Calculation))
SS
261.50 mg/L (Measure)

T-N 50.39 mg/L

NH3-N 42.55 mg/L
NO3-N 1.31 mg/L
T-P 6.77 mg/L

PO4-P
P 3 75 mg/L
3.75

[NPR process configuration of the Pilot Plant ]

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 5. Additional Results (1)

5.1.3. Simulation in operation

p conditions
Measured and Simulated Effluent Levels

Measurement Simulation
Contents Unit Removal Removal
Conc. Conc.
Efficiency Efficiency

pH 7.49 6.70

COD g/
mg/L 21.16 94.7 % 34.48 91.4 %

BOD mg/L 6.90 96. 8% 4.60 97.7 %

SS mg/L 12.25 95.3 % 10.87 94.6 %

T-N mg/L 16.65 67.0 % 16.15 68.0 %

NH3-N mg/L 2.33 94.5 % 0.99 97.7 %

NO3-N
N mg/L
/L 12 11
12.11 12 59
12.59

T-P mg/L 2.55 62.3 % 1.46 78.4%

PO4-P
P mg/L 2.29
2 29 37.6
37 6% 1.09
1 09 70.9%
70 9%

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 5. Additional Results (1)

5.1.3. Simulation in operation

p conditions
Measured and Simulated Chemical Profiles

45 14
40 Simulation 12 Simulation

mg/L)3
mg/L)3

35 Measuring Measuring
10

NO3 -N Conc. (m
30
NH3 -N Conc.(m

25 8
20 6
15
4
10

N
N

2
5
0 0
Influent Anaerobic Anoxic Aerobic Effluent In fl u e n t Anae robi c Anox i c Ae robi c E ffl u e n t

25
Simulation • Simulated Nitrogen profiles were similar to
onc. (mg/L)3

20 Measuring
that of measured profiles in the pilot plant.
15
• Simulated PO4-P Concentration in anaerobic
PO4-P Co

10
basin was much different from that of
5
measured values due to DO & NO3-N
0 Concentration
Concentration.
Influent Anaerobic Anoxic Aerobic Effluent

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 5. Additional Results (1)

5.1.4. Simulation for optimal

p conditions

Influent Internal Return Sludge

Distribution Ratio Recycle Sludge Waste

0:1, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 0, 50, 100, 150, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25,
4:6, 5:5, 7:3, 8:2 200, 250, 300 % 60, 70, 80, 90 % 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25,
2.5, 2.75 %

Optimal Conditions

Operation Conditions for Simulation Effluent (mg/L)

Influent Internal Return Sludge

Contents CODCr T-N T-P
Distribution Ratio Recycle Sludge Waste

Conditions
& Conc.
5:5 150 % 50 % 1.75 % 33.38 15.88 1.06

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 5. Additional Results (1)

5.1.4. Simulation for optimal

p conditions
HRT
Influent HRT Effluent (mg/L) Optimal Conditions
Flow (m3/d) (d) CODCr T-N T-P
20 9 33.38 15.88 1.06 • Increase in HRT has no effects on T-N
18 10 33 28
33.28 15 81
15.81 1 11
1.11 removal
removal.
16 11.25 33.09 15.78 1.17
• Rather, T-P concentration was increased
14 12.86 32.80 15.79 1.31
12 15 32.56 15.84 1.56
with increasing HRT.

Basin Cell Partition

• Basin Cell Partition => similar to Flug Flow

• Cell Partition was effective in increasing

TT-N
N and TT-P
P removals
removals.

Contents CODCr T-N T-P

Conc (mg/L)
Conc. 32 70
32.70 15 04
15.04 0 72
0.72

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 5. Additional Results (1)

5.1.4. Simulation for optimal

p conditions
Methanol Addition
Addition R
Additi Rate
t Effluent (mg/L)
(L/d) CODCr T-N T-P
0 33.38 15.88 1.06
1 34 86
34.86 15 39
15.39 0 68
0.68
3 35.90 15.04 0.59
5 36.67 14.60 0.58
10 38.81
38 81 13.48
13 48 0.57
0 57

Pre-Fermentation Liquid
Contents CODCr T-N T-P pH
Conc. 35,000 mg/L 600 mg/L 200 mg/L 4

Addition Rate Effluent (mg/L)

(L/d) CODCr T-N T-P
0 33.38 15.88 1.06
1 46.15 15.76 0.69
3 58.99 15.74 0.69

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 5. Additional Results (2)

5.2.1. Introduction
Specification of Plant
Contents Conditions
Plant for Retrofitting D waste treatment plant in Daejeon, Korea
Capacity 150,000 m3/d
Anaerobic Basin Anoxic Basin Aerobic Basin
HRT
1h 2h 3h
Flow line 12 flows & 4 Secondary Clarifier / 1 stage

Bioreactors Secondary Clarifier

Influent Distribution Gate
Internal Recycle (1.0~1.5
(1 0 1 5 Q)
Influent

Effluent

Anaerobic Anoxic Basin

Basin Aerobic Basin

Return Sludge (0.4~0.6 Q) Sludge Waste

[ Schematic Diagram of Plant after Retrofitting ]

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 5. Additional Results (2)

5.2.2. Operation
p and design
g conditions

Operational Conditions of the D Plant

Contents Conditions
Operation Period 2006. 8. 1 ~ 2006.12.13
Influent Flow 139 955 m3/d
139,955
Distribution Ratio
7:3, 8:2, 9:1
(Anaerobic : Anoxic)
Internal Recycle 1.0 ~ 1.2 Q
Return Sludge 0.3 ~ 0.4 Q

Design Influent & Effluent

Contents BOD5 CODMn SS T-N T-P

Influent (mg/L) 163.0 137.0 156.0 33.50 5.20
Effluent (mg/L) 10.0 15.0 10.0 15.00 2.00
Removal Efficiency (%) 93 9
93.9 89 1
89.1 93 6
93.6 55 2
55.2 61 5
61.5

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 5. Additional Results (2)

5.2.3. Results of operation

p
Comparison of Results before and after Retrofitting
Influent (mg/L) Effluent (mg/L) Removal Efficiency(%)
Contents
Before After Before After Before After
BOD 109 2
109.2 145 7
145.7 98
9.8 26
2.6 89 2
89.2 98 2
98.2
COD 108.6 114.3 11.5 9.2 87.2 92.0
SS 203.5 223.4 10.0 2.6 93.2 98.8
T N
T-N 32 1
32.1 37 8
37.8 18 4
18.4 75
7.5 40 1
40.1 80 1
80.1
T-P 5.6 5.7 1.6 0.9 70.7 84.6
%)

120
Efficiency (%

Before
100 After

80
60
Removal E

40
20
0
BOD COD SS T-N T-P

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 5. Additional Results (2)

5.2.4. Conditions of simulation

Operational Conditions Influent Input Values

Contents Conditions Contents Input Value

Operation Period 2006. 8. 1 ~ 2006.12.13
37,500 m3/d
Distribution Ratio influent Flow
8:2 (150 000/4)
(150,000/4)
(Anaerobic : Anoxic)
Internal Recycle 120% ( 45,000 m3/d) Temperature 21.7 ℃
Return Sludge 35 % (13,125 m3/d)
DO 0 2 mg/L
0.2
Sludge Waste 0.67 % (250 m3/d)
pH 7.1 mg/L

BOD 92.2
92 2 mg/L

SS 111.1 mg/L

T-N 26.78 mg/L

NO3-N 1.66 mg/L

T-P 3.87mg/L

[NPR process configuration in D Wastewater Treatment Plant ]

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 5. Additional Results (2)

5.2.5. Results of simulation

Measured and Simulated Effluent Levels

Measuring Simulation
Contents Removal Removal
Conc. (mg/L) Conc. (mg/L)
Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%)
BOD 2.6 97.2 3.4 96.3
SS 2.6 97.7 8.4 92.5
T-N 7.50 72.0 10.03 62.5
T-P 0.91 76.7 1.37 64.6

12 100
M easuring

%)
M easuring

Removal Efficiency (%
ation (mg/L))

10 S imulatio n S imulatio n
80
8
60
6
Concentra

40
4

2 20

0 0
BO D SS T-N T-P BO D SS T-N T-P

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