Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

De-broglie wavelength & Uncertainity principle Quantum numbers & electronic
De-Broglie Relation (Dual nature of matter and configuration
radiation) : Orbit: Exact path (2D circular) followed by
h h electron rotating around the nucleus, just like
  = 
mc p earth rotating about the sun. This is how Bohr
De–Broglie pointed out that the same equation might thought electron is moving around the nucleus.
be applied to material particle by substituting m for the Different orbits have only different sizes given by
mass of the particle instead of the mass of photon and orbit no. n.
replacing c, the velocity of the photon, by v, the velocity Orbital : Due to uncertainity principle and wave nature
of the particle. of electron, we cannot tell exact path of electron around
h h nucleus.
= = An orbital is 3D region of space around the nucleus in

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mv 2m(K.E.) which the probability of finding an electron is 90% to
 From the De-Broglie equation it follows that 95%.
wavelength of a particle decrease with increase in Different orbitals may have different size, shape and
velocity of the particle. Moreover, lighter particles orientations.
would have longer wavelengths than heavier
particles, provided the velocity is equal.
 If a charged particle Q is accelerated through
potential difference V from rest then De-broglie
wavelength is
h
=
2mQV Shapes of different orbitals:
 De-Broglie concept is more significant for s-orbital : Spherical shape (Not Circular)
microscopic or sub–micrscopic particles whose
wavelength
can be measured.

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The circumference of the nth orbit is equal to n
times the wavelength of the electron.
2rn = n.
 Wavelength of electron is always calculated using
De–Broglie calculation.
HEISENBERG’S UNCERTAINITY PRINCIPLE : s-orbital is non-directional i.e. probability of finding an
It is impossible to measure simultaneously both electron is equal in all directions.
the position and velocity (or momentum) of a It can penetrate closest to the nucleus among different
orbitals of the same shell.
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microscopic particle with absolute accuracy or
s-subshell can accomodate maximum no. of two
certainity.
electrons.
h h
x.p  or m x.v 
4 4
p-orbitals : Dumb-bell shape
h Dumb-bell shape consists of two lobes (like two inflated
or x.v 
4 m baloons) which are separated by a plane of zero
where, x = uncertainity in position electron density called as nodal plane.
p = uncertainity in momentum
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h = Planck’s constant
m = mass of the particle
v = uncertainity in velocity
 In terms of uncertainity in energy E, and
uncertainity in time t, this principle is written as, p-orbitals are directional i.e. probability of finding an
h electron is different in different directions. p-subshell
E.t  . can accomodate maximum no. of six electrons.
4
 Heisenberg replaced the concept of definite orbits
by the concept of probability.

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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

d-Orbital : Double Dumb-bell shape d-orbitals are directional i.e. probability of finding an
dxy, dyz and dxz have electron density between the axes electron is different in different directions.
d-subshell can accomodate maximum no. of 10
electrons.

f-orbital : Complex (leaf like) shape

Following two d-orbitals have electron density along the axes f-orbitals are directional in nature

f-subshell can accomodate maximum no. of 14

electrons.

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Quantum Numbers : The set of four numbers required to completely define an electron in an atom are
called quantum numbers. The first three quantum numbers (n, l and m) have been derived from
Schrodinger equation
Quantum Numbers
Symbol Name & Property Possible Values Remark

Principal Quantum Number

1. Determines number of
describes :
subshells.
1. Average size of orbital. Whole numbers 1, 2, 3, 4…etc.
Number of subshells in nth shell
2. Energy of orbital
n =n
shell
D
completely in single electron Denoted by capital letters
system (H, He+, Li2+ etc.)
2. Total number of orbitals in nth
shell = n2
3. Energy of orbital to a large K(n=1), L(n=2), M(n=3), N(n=4)…etc.
3. Maximum number of
extent in mutli electron
electrons in nth shell = 2n2
system (He, C, Na, Fe etc.)
Depends on value of n : 0  (n – 1)
Denoted by small letters
Azimuthal quantum number or 1. Determines number of
s ( = 0), p ( = 1), d ( = 2), f ( = 3)
Subsidiary Quantum number orbitals in a subshell number of
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or Orbital Angular Momentum if n = 1   = 0 i.e. s-subshell
orbitals in a subshell = 2 + 1
Quantum Number.
 if n = 2   = 0 i.e. s-subshell 2. Maximum no. of electrons in
Describes :
subshell 1. Shape of orbital. &  = 1 i.e. p-subshell a subshell = 2 (2+1)
2. Energy of orbital to a small 3. Orbital angular momentum =
if n = 3   = 0 i.e. s-subshell
extent in mutli electron

system (He, C, Na, Fe etc.) &  = 1 i.e. p-subshell
&  = 2 i.e. d-subshell
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m or m Magnetic quantum number : if  = 0  m = 0
Describes orientation of the
orbital orbital in 3D-space
Depends on value of .
Integral values from –  to zero to +
Total possible values = 2 + 1
i.e. only one orbital in s-subshell
if  = 1  m = –1, 0, +1
i.e. 3 orbitals in p-subshell:px,py,pz
if  = 2  m = –2,–1,0,+1,+2
1. Each value of m corresponds
to a different orbital.
For example, in p-subshell
three values of m indicate three
orbitals orientated in three
different directions.

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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

i.e. 5 orbitals in d-subshell :

dxy, dyz, dxz, dx2–y2, dz2.

s = + ½ or s = – ½
These two values represent quantum

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mechanical spin states having no
Spin quantum number :
s or ms classical analogue. If n = no. of unpaired electrons
Not obtained from
spin We can think one value signifies in an atom.
Schrodinger equation
clockwise spinning and other value
signifies anticlockwise spinning. (But
which is not actually true).

Nodes : Node represents the region where probability of finding an electron is zero
Radial (spherical) nodes
Orbital Total nodes = n – 1 Angular nodes = 
= n – – 1

1s 1–1=0 0 (  = 0 for s) 1– 0–1=0

2s 2–1=1 0 (  = 0 for s) 2– 0–1=1

2px
D 2–1=1
1 (  = 1 for p)
2– 1–1=0
yz plane is nodal plane
1 (  = 1 for p)
3py 3–1=2 3–1–1=1
xz plane is nodal plane
2 (  = 2 for d)
3dxy 3–1=2 3– 2–1=0
yz & xz planes are two nodal planes
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2 (  = 2 for d)
3dx2–y2 3–1=2 3– 2–1=0
Both angular nodes are two nodal planes
2 (  = 2 for d)
3dz2 3–1=2 3–2–1=0
Both angular nodes are two nodal cones
Note : If angular node is a plane it is called nodal plane
If angular node looks like a cone it is called nodal cone
A radial node is the spherical region around nucleus having zero probability of finding electron
C

Important Formulae : h
4. Spin angular momentum  s(s  1)
2
1. No energy shell in the atoms of known elements
possesses more than 32 electrons. 1
where, s = +
2. Angular momentum of any orbit (as per Bohr Model) = 2
nh/2 Examples :
(1) Orbital angular momentum of s orbital electron
3 Total number of electrons in nth main energy level
 n 1 = 0, since  = 0.
=  2(2  1)
 0

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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

(2) Orbital angular momentum of p orbital electron

1s
h
= 2 , since  = 1
2 2s 2p
(3) Orbital angular momentum of d orbital electron
h 3s 3p 3d
= 3 , since  = 2
2
Degenerate Orbitals 4s 4p 4d 4f
Orbitals belonging to same subshell have same energy
and are known as degenerate orbitals. Degeneracy is 5s 5p 5d 5f
maintained in absence of magnetic field and destroyed
if degenerate orbitals are kept in magnetic field. Thus,
6s 6p
p-subshell :

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(3-fold degenerate)
(B) Pauli’s exclusion principle :
d-subshell : No two electrons in an atom can have the same
set of all the four quantum numbers, i.e. an orbital
(5-fold degenerate) cannot occupy more than 2 electrons
Rules of writing Electronic Configuration The first three quantum nos. (n, l, and m) may be
(A) Aufbau principle: similar but the 4th quantum number (s) must be
1. Aufbau is a German word meaning building up different.
2. An orbital of lowest energy is filled before an
orbital of higher energy. If first three quantum numbers are n = 1, = 0
3. Electrons in an atom would fill the principal and m = 0 then only 2 electrons can correspond
energy levels in order of increasing energy given to these set, which would be either s = –1/2 or s =
by (n+) rule. +1/2.

(n + ) Rule : Not allowed by Pauli’s Principle:

(i) The sub-shell with lower value of (n + ) has lower (C) Hund’s rule of Maximum Multiplicity :
D
energy and it should be filled first. No electron pairing takes place in the orbitals of a
eg. 3d: (n + ) = 3 + 2 = 5; 4s: (n + ) = 4 + 0 = 4 sub-shell until each orbital is occupied by one
electron with parallel spins.
(n + ) value of 3d is more than 4s. Thus, 4s will Thus, the first three electrons will occupy each p-
be filled before 3d. orbital of a p-subshell singly (either all with
(ii) If two sub-shell has same value of (n + ) then the clockwise spin or all with anticlockwise spin) and
the 4th electron will undergo pairing with any of
subshell with lower value of n has lower energy
the three single electrons.
and it should be filled first.
Allowed by Hund’s Rule :
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eg. 3d: (n + ) = 3 + 2 = 5; 4p: (n + ) = 4 + 1 = 5 Both
have same value of (n + ). But 3d has lower
value of n than 4p. Thus, 3d is filled before 4p.
The sequence of orbitals in order of their
increasing energy is Not allowed by Hund’s Rule :
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s <
4d < 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d < 6p < 7s....
This order can be easily remembered by using Note: Exactly half filled and fully filled orbitals are
more stable, i.e. s1, s2, p3, p6, d5, d10, f 7 and f 14
C

Memory Map as shown below. Just follow the

arrows, one by one, from top to bottom configuration are most stable.
MEMORY MAP: Electronic configuration of atoms:
1. Total number of electrons to be filled is the atomic
number Z.
2. Write the subshells in increasing order of energy
and go on filling one electron at a time keeping in
mind above rules.
Boron: B (Z = 5): 1s2 2s2 2px1
Carbon: C (Z = 6): 1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1
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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

Nitrogen: N (Z = 7): 1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1 2pz1

Oxygen: O (Z = 8): 1s2 2s2 2px2 2py1 2pz1
Neon: Ne (Z = 10): 1s2 2s2 2p6
Aluminium: Al (Z = 13) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
i.e. [Ne] 3s2 3p1
Vanadium: V (Z = 23) [Ar] 4s2 3d3
Important Exceptions: Aufbau principle is not
followed all the times, there are some exceptions
that occur the transition metals and heavier
elements. e.g.
Chromium: Cr (Z = 24) [Ar] 4s1 3d5
Copper: Cu (Z = 29) [Ar] 4s1 3d10
These exceptions can be explained by extra

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stability of half filled and fully filled subshells on
account of greater exchange energy and
symmetry.
Electronic Configuration of Ions:
1. First write configuration of neutral atom
2. Remove or add appropriate number of electrons
3. While removing electrons to form cations
electrons must be removed first from the higest
shell (i.e. higesht n value). e.g.
Fe (Z = 26): [Ar] 4s2 3d6
2+
Fe [Ar] 3d6
i.e. remove 2 electrons from 4s and not from 3d
Cu (Z = 29) [Ar] 3d10 4s1
Cu 2+ [Ar] 3d9 4s0
D
i.e. first remove 1 electron from 4s and then
remove 1 electron from 3d.
O
C

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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

PART - I : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. What possibly can be the ratio of the de Broglie wavelengths for two electrons each having zero initial
energy and accelerated through 50 volts and 200 volts ?
(A) 3 : 10 (B) 10 : 3 (C) 1 : 2 (D) 2 : 1

2. The speed of a proton is one hundredth of the speed of light in vacuum. What is its de-Broglie
wavelength? Assume that one mole of protons has a mass equal to one gram [h = 6.626 × 10–27 erg
sec] :

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(A) 13.31 × 10–7 Å (B) 1.33 × 10–3 Å
–5
(C) 13.13 × 10 Å (D) 1.31 × 10–2 Å

3. An -particle is accelerated through a potential difference of V volts from rest. The de-Broglie’s
wavelength associated with it is
150 0.286 0.101 0.983
(A) Å (B) Å (C) Å (D) Å
V V V V

4. The uncertainity in position and velocity of a particle are 10–10 m and 5.27  10–24 ms–1 respectively.
Calculate the mass of the particle (h = 6.625  10–34 Joule sec.)
(A) 0.099 Kg (B) 0.089 Kg (C) 0.99 Kg (D) Can not predict

5. The de Broglie equation suggests that an electron has

(A) Particle nature (B) Wave nature
(C) Particle-wave nature (D) Radiation behaviour
D
6. It the uncertainity in position of a moving particle is 0 then find out P
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C)  (D) Can not predict

7. Which of the following has least de Broglie 

(A) e– (B) p (C) CO2 (D) SO2

8. The orbital with zero orbital angular momentum is :

(A) s (B) p (C) d (D) f
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9. Which of the following is electronic configuration of Cu2+ (Z = 29) ?
(A) [Ar]4s1 3d8 (B) [Ar]4s2 3d10 4p1
1
(C) [Ar]4s 3d 10 (D) [Ar] 3d9

10. Spin magnetic moment of Xn+ (Z = 26) is 24 B.M. Hence number of unpaired electrons and value of n
respectively are :
(A) 4, 2 (B) 2, 4 (C) 3, 1 (D) 0, 2
11. Which of the following ions has the maximum number of unpaired d-electrons?
C

(A) Zn2+ (B) Fe2+ (C) Ni 3+ (D) Cu+

12. The total spin resulting from a d7 configuration is :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 5/2 (D) 3/2

13. Given is the electronic configuration of element X :

K L M N
2 8 11 2
The number of electrons present with  = 2 in an atom of element X is :
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 4
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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

14. The possible value of  and m for the last electron in the Cl – ion are :
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and +1 (C) 3 and –1 (D) 1 and –1

15. For an electron, with n = 3 has only one radial node. The orbital angular momentum of the electron will
be
h h
(A) 0 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 3
2 2

16. The correct set of quantum no. for the unpaired electron of chlorine.
n  m n  m
(A) 2 1 0 (B) 2 1 1
(C) 3 1 1 (D) 3 0 0

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17. Which of the following quantum number has not been derived from Schrodinger wave equation :
(A) Principal quantum number (n)
(B) Subsidiary quantum number ()
(C) Magnetic quantum number (m)
(D) Spin quantum number (s)

18. The orbital angular momentum corresponding to n = 4 and m = –3 is :

h 6h 3h
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
2 2 
19.* The correct representation of electronic configuration of Nitrogen atom is :
(A) (B)

(C) (D)

20.*
D
Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT :
(A) The value of magnetic quantum number (m) cannot exceed the value of principal quantum number
(n) for the same electron.
(B) If the electronic configuration of 6C is written as 1s6, then Aufbau’s principle has been violated.
1 1
(C) The + and – values of spin quantum number denote clockwise and anticlockwise spin of
2 2
electrons on its axis respectively.
(D) The maximum number of electrons in a particular subshell, for which value of azimuthal quantum
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number is , is given by (4+2).

PART - II : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. How many unpaired electrons are there in Ni+2 ion if the atomic number of Ni is 28.

2. Write the electronic configuration of the element having atomic number 56.

3. Given below are the sets of quantum numbers for given orbitals. Name these orbitals.
C

(a) n = 3 (b) n = 5 (c) n = 4

=1 = 2 = 1

(d) n = 2 (e) n = 4
=0 =2

4. Point out the angular momentum of an electron in,

(a) 4s orbital
(b) 3p orbital
(c) 4th orbit (according to Bohr model)
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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

5. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers are impossible for electrons? Explain why in each
case.
Set n  m s
1
(i) 1 0 1 +
2
1
(ii) 3 0 0 –
2
1
(iii) 1 2 2 +
2
1
(iv) 4 3 –3 +

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2
1
(v) 5 2 1 –
2
(v) 3 2 1 0

6. Find the total spin and spin magnetic moment of following ion.
(i) Fe+3 (ii) Cu+

 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

D OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. The Uncertainity in the momentum of an electron is 1.0 × 10–5 kg m s–1. The Uncertainity in its position
will be: (h = 6.626 × 10–34 Js)
(A) 1.05 × 10–28 m (B) 1.05 × 10–26 m (C) 5.27 × 10–30 m (D) 5.25 × 10–28 m

2. A ball weight 25 g moves with a velocity of 6.6  104 cm/sec then find out the de Broglie wavelength.
O
(A) 0.4  10–33 cm (B) 0.4  10–31 cm (C) 0.4  10–30 cm (D) 0.4  1020 cm

3. Calculate the uncertainity in velocity of a cricket ball of mass 150 g if the uncertainity in its position is of
the order of 1 Å (h = 6.6  10–34 Kg m2 s–1 )
(A) 3.499  10–24 ms–1 (B) 3.499  10–21 ms–1 (C) 3.499  10–20 ms–1 (D) 3.499  10–30 ms–1

4. Which orbital is non-directional.

C

(A) s (B) p (C) d (D) All

5. For which orbital angular probability distribution is maximum at an angle of 45° to the axial
direction-
(A) dx2  y2 (B) dz2 (C) dxy (D) Px

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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

6. If n and  are respectively the principal and azimuthal quantum numbers, then the expression for
calculating the total number of electrons in any orbit is -
 n  n 1  n 1  n 1
(A) 2(2 1) (B) 2(2 1) (C) 2(2 1) (D) 2(2 1)
 1  1  0  0

1 1
7. The quantum numbers + and – for the electron spin represent :
2 2
(A) Rotation of the electron in clockwise and anticlockwise direction respectively.
(B) Rotation of the electron in anticlockwise and clockwise direction respectively.
(C) Magnetic moment of the electron pointing up and down respectively,

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(D) Two quantum mechanical spin states which have no classical analogue.

8. What are the values of the orbital angular momentum of an electron in the orbitals 1s, 3s, 3d and 2p -
(A) 0, 0, 6 , 2 (B) 1, 1, 4 , 2 

(C) 0, 1, 6 , 3 (D) 0, 0, 20 , 6

9. After np orbitals are filled, the next orbital filled will be :

(A) (n + 1) s (B) (n + 2) p (C) (n + 1) d (D) (n + 2) s

10. Which of the above statement (s) is/are false.

I. Orbital angular momentum of the electron having n = 5 and having value of the azimuthal quantum
h
number as lowest for this principle quantum number is .
D 
II. If n = 3,  = 0, m = 0, for the last valence shell electron, then the possible atomic number may be 12
or 13.
7
III. Total spin of electrons for the atom 25Mn is ± .
2
IV. Spin magnetic moment of inert gas is 0
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(A) I, II and III (B) II and III only (C) I and IV only (D) None of these

11. In case of dx 2  y 2 orbital

(A) Probability of finding the electron along x-axis is zero.

(B) Probability of finding the electron along y-axis is zero.
(C) Probability of finding the electron is maximum along x and y-axis.
(D) Probability of finding the electron is zero in x-y plane
C

12. Which of the following statements is/are correct for an electron of quantum numbers n = 4 and m = 2 ?
(A) The value of  may be 2. (B) The value of  may be 3.
(C) The value of s may be +1/2. (D) All of these

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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

13. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct?

(A) The electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar] (3d)5(4s)1. (Atomic number of Cr = 24)
(B) The magnetic quantum number may have negative values.
(C) In silver atom, 23 electrons have a spin of one type and 24 of the opposite type. (Atomic number of
Ag = 47)
(D) All of these

14. Two unpaired electrons present in carbon atom are different with respect to their
(A) Principle quantum number (B) Azimuthul quantum number
(C) Magnetic quantum number (D) Spin quantum number
1
15. Number of electron having the quantum numbers n = 4,  = 0, s = – in Zn+2 ion is/are :

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2
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 5

16. Spin angular momentum for unpaired electron in sodium (Atomic No. = 11) is
3 3 h
(A) (B) 0.866 h/2 (C) – (D) None of these
2 2 2

17. Statement-1 : For n = 3,  may be 0, 1 and 2 and 'm' may be 0, ± 1 and ± 2.

Statement-2 : For each value of n, there are 0 to (n – 1) possible values of ; for each value of , there

are 0 to ±  values of m.
(1) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1.
(3) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(4)
D
Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

18. Statement-1 : The possible number of electrons in a subshell is (4 + 2)

Statement-2 : The possible number of orientations of a sub-shell are (2 + 1)

(1) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1.
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(2) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1.
(3) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(4) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
C

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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

EXERCISE - 1
PART - I

1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (C) 7. (D)

8. (A) 9. (D) 10. (A) 11. (B) 12. (D) 13. (A) 14. (D

15. (C) 16. (C) 17. (D) 18. (D) 19.* (AB) 20.* (BC)

EX
PART - II
1. 2

2. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2

3. 3p, 5d, 4p, 2s, 4d

h 2h
4. (a) 0, (b) , (c)
2

5. Impossible sets of quantum numbers are (i), (iii), and (vi)

6.
D
(i) + 5/2 or – 5/2, spin magnetic moment = 35 B.M. (ii) 0, 0

EXERCISE - 2
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (D) 7. (D)
O
8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (A) 11. (C) 12. (D) 3. (D) 14. (C)

15. (B) 16. (B) 17. (A) 18. (A)

C

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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Cu+ : [Ar] 3d10 (0 unpaired electrons).
EXERCISE - 1 12. d7 : 3 unpaired electrons.
n 3
PART – I  Total spin = ± =± .
2 2

1 V2 200 2 13. X23 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2.
1. = = = .
2 V1 50 1 No. of electron with  = 2 are 3 (3d3).
14. Cl 17– : [Ne] 3s2 3p6.
h Last electron enters 3p orbital.
2. = = 1.33 × 10–3 Å

EX
mv
  = 1 and m = 1, 0, –1.
0.101
3. For an  particle,  = Å.
V 15. Number of radial nodes = n –  – 1 = 1, n = 3.

  = 1.
h
4. X .P  Orbital angular momentum
4
h h h
m(X .V) =  m = 0.099 Kg =  ( 1) = 2 .
4 2 2

5. An electron has particle and wave nature both. 16. Cl 17 : [Ne] 3s2 3p5.
Unpaired electron is in 3p orbital.
h  n = 3,  = 1, m = 1, 0, – 1.
6. X .P 
4
D
X 0  P   17. Only Spin quantum number (s) is not derived
from Schrodinger wave equation.
h 1
7. = 
mv m 18. n = 4, m = – 3
 only possible value of  is 3.
h
8. Orbital angular momentum =  (  1) = 0.
2  Orbital angular momentum
O
  = 0 (s orbital). h 2 3h 3h
=  (   1) = = .
2 2 

9. Cu : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1.
19. Only (A) and (B) arrangements follow Hund's
 Cu2+ : 1s22s22p63s23p63d9 or [Ar]3d9. rule.

10. Magnetic moment = n (n 2) = 24 B.M. 20. (B) If the electronic configuration of 6C is written
 No. of unpaired electron = 4. as 1s6, then Pauli exclusion principle has been
C

X26 : 1s2 2s22p63s23p63d64s2. violated.

To get 4 unpaired electrons, outermost 1 1
(D) The + and – values of spin quantum
configuration will be 3d6. 2 2

 No. of electrons lost = 2 (from 4s2). number denote two quantum mechanical spin
states, which have no classical analogue.
 n = 2.

11. Zn2+ : [Ar] 3d10 (0 unpaired electrons). PART - II

Fe2+ : [Ar] 3d6 (4 unpaired electrons) maximum. 1. Ni Atomic No : 28
Ni3+ : [Ar] 3d7 (3 unpaired electrons).
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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

Ni : [Ar] 3d8 4a2 ; Ni2+ [Ar] 3d8 4s0

EXERCISE - 2
h
No. of unpairecd electron = 2 1. p.x =
4
2. Atomic No. 56 6.62  10 34
 x = = 5.27 × 10–30 m.
Electronic configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4  3.14  1 10 5
3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2.
h
3. (a) n = 3 ,  = 1  3p 2. = = 0.4  10–33 cm
mv
(b) n = 5 ,  = 2  5d

EX
h
3. x .p  v = 3.499  10–24 ms–1
(c) n = 4 ,  = 1  4p 4
(d) n = 2 ,  = 0  2s
4. s orbital is spherical so non-directional.
(e) n = 4 ,  = 2  4d
5. The lobes of dxy orbital are at an angle of 45º
with X and Y axis. So along the lobes, angular
h
4. Orbital angular momentum =  ( 1) probability distribution is maximum.
2
For 4s orbital,  = 0
6. Total number of electrons in an orbital=2(2+1).
h
 Angular momentum = 0 (0 1) = 0. The value of  varies from 0 to n – 1.
2
For 3p orbital,  = 1  Total numbers of electrons in any orbit
 n 1


D
Angular momentum = 1 (1 1)
h
=
h
. = 2(2 1) .
2 2  0
For 4th orbit, Angular momentum
nh 4h 2h 7. Spin quantum number does not comes from
= = = . Schrodinger equation.
2 2
1 1
s=+ and – have been assigned arbitrarily.
5. (i)  = 0  m = 0 (m  1) 2 2
O
(iii) n = 1  = 0 (  2) 8. For 1s, 3s, 3d and 2p orbital,  = 0, 0, 2, 1
(vi) s = + 1/2 or – 1/2 (s  0) respectively.

6. (i) 26Fe3+ : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 Orbital angular momentum =  ( 1) .

It contains 5 unpaired electrons  n=5 9. After np orbital, (n + 1) s orbital is filled.

n 5
 Total spin = ± =±
C

10. I : For n = 5, l min = 0.

2 2
  Orbital angular momentum
Magnetic moment = n(n 2)
= (  1)  = 0. (False)
= 5(5 2) = 35 BM.
II : Outermost electronic configuration
(ii) 29Cu+ : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 = 3s1 or 3s2.
It contains 0 unpaired electron  Possible atomic number = 11or 12 (False).
 Total spin = 0. III : Mn25 = [Ar] 3d5 4s2.
 Spin magnetic Moment = 0.  5 unpaired electrons.

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Quantum Number & Electronic Configuration

5
 Total spin = ± (False).
2
IV : Inert gases have no unpaired electrons.
 spin magnetic moment = 0 (True).

11. The lobes of dx 2  y 2 orbital are alligned along X

and Y axis. Therefore the probability of finding
the electron is maximum along x and y-axis.

12. n = 4, m = 2

EX
Value of  = 0 to (n – 1) but m = 2.

  = 2 or 3 only
Value of s may be +1/2 or – 1/2.

13. (A) 24Cr : [Ar]3d54s1

(B) m = – to + through zero.
(C) 47Ag : 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s14d10.
Since only one unpaired electron is present.
 23 electrons have spin of one type and 24 of
the opposite type.

14. Two unpaired electrons present in carbon atom

D
are in different orbitals. So they have different
magnetic quantum number.

15. Electronic configuration of Zn2+ ion is 1s2 2s2 2p6

3s2 3p6 3d10 so no electron in 4s orbital.

h 1 1 h
16. s (s 1) = 1
2 2 2 2
O
3 h h
= = 0.866
2 2 2
17. For principle quantum number n
 = 0 to (n – 1) and m = – to  including zero.

18. Factual.
C

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