ME424B LAB:

Name: BARBAROSE, MARK KRIZON T. Course & year: BSME 4

Time: 7:30 - 9:00 PM Instructor: ENGR. VINCENT CUESTA

Identify and define the following:

A. SPUR GEARS - are a type of gear that have straight teeth and are
mounted on parallel shafts. They are used to transmit motion and power between shafts.
Spur gears are simple, efficient, and widely used in various mechanical systems such as
vehicles, machinery, and industrial equipment. They provide a cost-effective solution for
transmitting rotational motion and are available in a range of sizes and materials to suit
different applications.

B. SPIRAL BEVEL GEARS - are a type of bevel gear with curved,

oblique teeth. They are used to transmit motion and power between shafts that intersect at
an angle. The spiral nature of the teeth allows for smoother and quieter operation compared
to straight bevel gears, and they are often used in applications that require high precision and
reliability, such as automotive differentials, marine propulsion systems, and industrial
machinery. Spiral bevel gears are known for their ability to transfer power between non-
parallel shafts with minimal vibration and noise.

C. HARMONIC DRIVES - also known as a strain wave gear, is a type of

gear mechanism that consists of three main components: a wave generator, a flex spline, and
a circular spline. This type of gear is known for its compact and lightweight design, as well as
its high gear reduction ratio compared to traditional gear systems.Harmonic gears operate
based on the elastic deformation of the flex spline caused by the wave generator. This
deformation creates a rolling motion between the flex spline and the circular spline, resulting
in high reduction ratios and excellent torque transmission capabilities. Harmonic gears are
commonly used in robotics, aerospace, and other precision machinery applications where
compact and efficient motion control is required. They offer advantages such as zero
 backlash, high positional accuracy, and low noise, making them popular in applications that
require precise and reliable motion control.

D. HELICAL GEARS - are a type of cylindrical gear in which the teeth

are cut at an angle to the axis of the gear. This angled tooth design allows for smooth and
quiet operation, as well as the ability to transmit higher loads and speeds compared to spur
gears. Helical gears are commonly used in a wide range of applications, including automotive
transmissions, industrial machinery, and power transmission systems. The helix angle of the
teeth enables gradual engagement, resulting in reduced vibration and noise during operation.
This makes helical gears well-suited for applications that require high precision and smooth
motion transmission. They are available in various configurations and materials to
accommodate different torque, speed, and load requirements.

E. HERRINGBONE GEARS - also known as double helical gears, are a

type of gear with two sets of angled teeth that are arranged in a V-shaped configuration.
This design eliminates the axial thrust present in single helical gears, as the opposing helix
angles cancel out the thrust forces. The unique herringbone gear configuration allows for
smooth and quiet operation, as well as the ability to transmit high loads and torque. These
gears are commonly used in heavy-duty and high-speed applications such as turbines, heavy
machinery, and marine propulsion systems. One of the key advantages of herringbone gears
is their ability to eliminate axial thrust, which improves efficiency and reduces wear on the
gear teeth and bearings. The double helical design also provides better alignment and balance,
making them suitable for precision applications where smooth, reliable power transmission is
essential.
F. A WORM GEAR & A PINION - is a type of gear system where a
spiral, threaded cylinder (the worm) meshes with a toothed wheel (the pinion). The worm is
used to drive the motion of the gear, and due to the helical shape of the threads, it provides
a high gear reduction ratio. This design allows for the transmission of high torque with a
compact form factor. Worm gear and pinion systems are commonly used in applications
where high gear reduction and slow, smooth motion are required, such as in conveyor
systems, elevators, and automotive steering systems. They offer advantages such as self-
locking ability, quiet operation, and the capability to transmit motion between non-intersecting
shafts.

G. THE COGMATIC RACK & PINION GEAR SYSTEM - is a high-quality

mechanical power transmission solution commonly used in industrial and commercial
applications for linear motion control. The system consists of a straight toothed rack and a
matching spur gear (the pinion) that engages with the teeth of the rack. The interaction
between the rack and pinion creates linear motion from the rotational motion of the pinion.
Cogmatic rack and pinion systems are known for their precision, durability, and efficiency in
converting rotary motion to linear motion. They are used in a wide range of applications, such
as CNC machines, material handling equipment, and various industrial machinery, where
accurate and reliable linear motion is essential. Cogmatic's focus on custom engineering and
high-quality manufacturing results in rack and pinion gears that meet the specific
requirements of their diverse industrial customers.

H. PLANETARY GEAR - also known as epicyclic gears, consist of a

central sun gear, an outer ring gear, and multiple planet gears that rotate around the sun gear
and mesh with the ring gear. These gears are arranged in a compact, concentric
configuration, allowing them to provide high gear reduction in a relatively small space.
Planetary gears are widely used in various applications, such as automotive transmissions,
industrial machinery, and robotics. They offer advantages like high torque density, smooth
 operation, and the ability to achieve multiple gear ratios within a single gearbox. Additionally,
their modular design allows for versatile configurations, including single-stage and multi-stage
gear arrangements. Due to their versatility and efficiency, planetary gears are commonly
used in applications that require high torque multiplication, precise motion control, and
compact design.

I. THE CROWN WHEEL & PINION - is a system used in automotive

differentials to transfer power from the drive shaft to the wheel axles. The crown wheel is a
large gear attached to the differential housing, while the pinion is a smaller gear attached to
the drive shaft. This system allows the torque from the engine to be transmitted to the
wheels while also allowing for speed variation between the two wheels as they go around
corners.

J. SUN AND PLANET GEARS - are a type of gearing arrangement

commonly used in mechanical systems and machinery. In this setup, the sun gear is positioned
at the center and surrounded by planet gears that rotate around it. The planet gears are
typically mounted on a carrier, and their movement is controlled by a fixed internal or external
ring gear. This configuration is often found in applications such as gearboxes, automatic
transmissions, and planetary gear sets, where it provides advantages such as compact
design, high torque transmission, and smooth operation.

K. NON-CIRCULAR GEARS - are gears that do not have a circular

shape. Instead of having teeth along a circular perimeter, non-circular gears may have
irregular or non-standard shapes designed to provide specific motion characteristics. These
gears are used in applications where the standard circular gear profiles cannot achieve the
desired motion transmission, such as in oscillating mechanisms, pumps, and special-purpose
machinery. Non-circular gears can be designed to convert the input motion into a desired
 output motion, making them useful in various engineering and industrial applications.

L. A CROWN GEAR - sometimes referred to as a contrate gear, is a

type of bevel gear with a conical shape. Unlike standard bevel gears, which have teeth
extending from the top to the bottom of the cone, a crown gear's teeth are limited to one end,
creating a flat or "crowned" gear profile. This design allows for smoother meshing and
operation, as well as reduced wear compared to standard bevel gears. Crown gears are
commonly used in applications where quiet, vibration-free operation is required, such as in
automotive rear axles and machinery with high torque and low speed requirements.

M. LANTERN CAGE GEAR - a lantern cage gear refers to a

type of gear system used in some mechanical devices, such as clocks and other precision
instruments. In this gearing arrangement, small gears are held in place within a cylindrical cage
or lantern, which prevents the gears from moving out of alignment and maintains precise
meshing. This design helps to ensure smooth operation and precise gear engagement, often
used in applications where accuracy and reliability are crucial.

N. BEVEL GEARS - are a type of gear used to transmit power and

motion between two intersecting shafts. They have cone-shaped teeth and are mounted on shafts at
an angle to each other. Bevel gears are available in different configurations, including straight bevel
gears, spiral bevel gears, and hypoid gears, each with specific advantages and applications. Straight
bevel gears have straight teeth and are commonly used in applications where the axes of the two
shafts intersect at 90 degrees. They are often found in hand tools, printing presses, and other
machinery. Spiral bevel gears have teeth that are curved and oblique, which allows for smooth and
quiet operation. These gears are suitable for applications where higher speed and lower noise are
required, such as in automotive differentials and marine propulsion systems. Hypoid gears are a type
of bevel gear used in applications where the shafts are non-intersecting and offset. They are often
used in automotive rear axles and power tools. Bevel gears are utilized in a wide range of industrial
and mechanical systems and play a crucial role in transmitting power and motion between non-parallel
shafts.