Section 1 – hypothesis testing

Upper tail P test

It had been established over a long period of time that 30% of the driving test candidates
examined by Mrs Jones will pass their driving test.

The chief examiner of the centre, on his return after a year long break, feels that a higher
proportion of candidates pass their driving test when examined by Mrs Jones.

In a random sample of 40, of Mrs Joes’ recent candidates, he finds 19 pass their test.

Test, at the 1% level of significance, whether or not there is evidence to support the chief
examiner’s claim.
Lower tail P test

A parcel dispatch company has established that the probability of a parcel being delivered in the
next working day is 0.5.

The company implements changes and the manager of a depot feels that fewer parcels are now
delivered in the next working day.

He monitors a random sample of 30 parcels left to be delivered and finds 10 were delivered in
the next working day.

Test, at the 5% level of significance, whether or not there is evidence to support the manager’s
claim.
Upper tail CR

The recruitment director of a large accounting firm believes that maths graduates are more
successful when applying for positions in his firm compared with graduates of other subjects.

One in five job applicants to this accounting firm is successful.

The recruitment director selects a random sample of 25 maths graduate applicants.

a) Find the critical region to test at the 5% level of significance the director’s belief
State your hypotheses clearly.

b) State the probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis in a test, using the
critical region obtained in part (a).

Ten successful maths graduate applicants were found in the sample.

c) Complete the test.

Lower tail CR

A nutritional expert believes that children ate healthier in the past. This is measured by the
number of kids that eat five portions of fruit and vegetables per day. The proportion of children
that ate ‘five a day’ was 40% in the 1950s.

The nutritional expert believes that the proportion is now lower.

He carries out an investigation with a random sample of 15 children.

a) Find the critical region to test at the 10% level of significance the expert’s belief.
b) State the actual significance level for a test using the critical region of part (a).

Two children who ate ‘five a day’ were found in the sample.

c) Complete the test.

2 tailed P test

When people are asked ‘what is your favourite day of the week’, it is thought that on average
one person in four replies Sunday.

To test this assertion 15 people were asked this question and 7 replied ‘Sunday’.

Carry out a significance test, at the 5% level, of whether the statement ‘on average the preferred
day of the week is Sunday, for one in four persons’.

2 tailed CR
2 tailed CR

In a craft activity in a primary school, kids use beads which are kept in a bag. The bag contains a
large number of beads of different colours. It is known that 0.3 of the beads are coloured gold.

The teacher claims that the proportion of gold beads in the bag has changed after the activity.

She checks a random sample of 20 beads out of the bag, after the end of the activity.

She finds two gold beads in the sample.

Test, at the 5% level of significance, whether or not there is evidence to support the teacher’s
claim.
“as close to” test

A teacher is investigating the students’ method of getting back home and is told that 15% of
students get back home by car.

He decided to investigate this fact further and decided to use a random sample of 36 students
across all the school’s year groups.

Stating your hypotheses clearly, find the critical region….

a) ….for his test at the 6% level of significance.

b) ….for a similar test where the probability of rejecting at either tail must be as close as
possible to 3%.
Binomials in binomials

Drawing pins are sold in boxes of 20 and it is thought that 10% of these drawing pins have
flaws.

a) If a box of these drawing pins is examined at random, find the probability that it will
contain…

i. ….3 drawing pins with flaws.

ii. …..at least 2 drawing pins with flaws.

b) If 3 boxes of these drawing pins are examined at random, determine the probability that
at least one of these boxes will contain at least 2 drawing pins with flaws.

A single box of these drawing pins is picked at random and found to contain exactly 5 drawing
pins with flaws.

c) Test, at the 5% level of significance, whether this constitutes evidence that the
proportion of drawing pins with flaws is higher than 10%.
Extension question

The discrete random variable X represents the number of households with satellite TV
subscriptions.

It is assumed that X follows a binomial distribution B(n, 0.35).

a) If n = 25, find the probability….

i. ….P(X = 12)

ii. ….P(X >12)

b) In n = 25, determine the probability

P[ E(X ) - √Var (𝑋) < X < E(X ) + √Var (𝑋) ]

c) Find the smallest number of households that must be sampled so that the probability of
having at least a household with satellite TV subscription is greater than 99%.

An analyst believes that the proportion of households with a satellite TV subscriptions is higher,
because in a sample of 25 households 13 had a satellite TV subscription.

d) Using a clear method, test the analyst’s belief, at the 5% level of significance.
NORMAL APPROXIMATION

It has been established over a long period of time, that in Enzo’s Restaurant 30% of the orders
are vegetarian.

Using a distributional approximation, find the probability that in a given day with 80 orders,
there will be more than 30 vegetarian orders.
A shop owner has established over a long period of time, that 12% of the people who buy crisps,
prefer the ‘ready salted’ variety.

On a certain day 65 customers bought crisps.

Using a distributional approximation, find the probability that more than 9 of these 65
customers bought crisps of the ‘ready salted’ variety.
The probability that a certain type of rose bush will exceed 2 metres in height is 0.25.

Sixty such rose bushes are planted.

Using a distributional approximation, find the probability that more than 13 but no ore than 18
of these bushes, will exceed a height of 2 metres.
DISTRIBUTION OF MEANS

The masses of a particular variety of tomatoes, in grams, are assumed to be Normally

distributed with mean 162 and standard deviation 14.

A random sample of 12 tomatoes of this variety is selected.

Determine the probability that the mean mass of this sample will be between 160 and 165
grams.
The times taken to service a family size car have a mean of 95 minutes and a standard deviation
of 60.

Find the probability that the mean servicing time of 30 family size cars will exceed 68 minutes.
PMCC

The percentage mock exam marks, of a random sample of 8 GCSE students, in Geography and
History are recorded in the table below.

Student A B C D E F G H
Geography 80 29 56 56 58 45 67 72
History 78 49 65 50 75 50 60 47

Test, at the 10% level of significance, whether there is evidence of positive correlation between
the percentage mock exam marks in Geography and History.
The table below shows the daily number of shoplifting incidents in a shopping mall, for a given
seven day week and the number of the security guards employed in each of these seven days.

Number of Shoplifting Incidents 17 20 23 11 35 32 21

Number of Security Guards Employed 6 6 5 7 4 3 5

a) Find, using a statistical calculator, the value of the product moment correlation
coefficient for these data.

b) Test, at the 1% level of significance, whether there is evidence of correlation in these

bivariate data.

c) Briefly comment on the statement:

“…Increasing the number of security guards will result in a decrease in shoplifting

incidents…”
Section 2 – V-T graphs & others

The figure above shows the displacement time graph (t, s) of a particle moving in a straight line.
The displacement of the particle is measured relative to a fixed origin 0.

The particle, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 90, is either at rest or has speed 3m/s.

For 0 ≤ t ≤ 90, draw a detailed….

a) velocity time graph (v, t), showing clearly the velocity values at t = 0, T, 36, 60, 72, 84
and 90.

b) distance time graph (d, t), showing clearly the total distance covered by the particle up
to and including t = 0, T, 36, 60, 72, 84 and 90.

State the value of T explicitly in these graphs.

A car starts from rest at point A and accelerates at a constant rate for 15 s reaching a speed of V
ms-1.

The car maintains this speed for 60s. The car then decelerates at a constant rate for 10s, coming
to rest at point B.

a) Given that the motion of the car takes place on a straight horizontal road, sketch the
motion of the car from A to M.
i. A velocity time graph
ii. An acceleration time graph.

The distance AB is 1015 m.

b) Find the value of V.

The figure above shows the speed time graph (v, t) of a train travelling along a straight
horizontal track between two stations which are 6.3 km apart.

The train starts from rest at the first station and accelerates uniformly for 360 m, reaching a
speed of 36 ms-1. This is speed is maintained for T s, before the train decelerates uniformly at
1.2 ms-2, coming to rest as it reaches the second station.

a) Calculate the acceleration of the train.

b) Determine the value of T.

A high speed train also completes the same journey at exactly the same total time as the first
train.

Starting from the first station, it accelerates uniformly to a top speed of u ms-1 and on reaching
this speed it immediately decelerates uniformly coming to rest as it reaches the second station.

c) Sketch on the above diagram a speed time graph for the journey of the second train and
use it to determine the value of u.
A car and a motorbike are moving on a straight horizontal road.

A car starts from rest at some point A and accelerates uniformly at 1.5 ms-2 for 20 s.

The car then continues at a constant speed.

A motorbike also starts from rest from point A, 10 s after the car left A.

The motorbike accelerates uniformly at 2 ms-2 overtaking the car with speed V.

Determine the value of V.

A car and a motorbike are moving on a straight horizontal road.
2
At time, t = 0, the car starts from rest at some point A and accelerates uniformly at 23 ms-2 for
1
42 s.

The car then continues at this constant speed.

A time t = 0, the motorbike also starts from rest from A, and accelerates uniformly at 2 ms-2
overtaking the car with speed V at some point B.

Determine the value of V and the distance AB.

Two trains, A and B, each of length 130 m, are moving on adjacent straight horizontal tracks
which are parallel to each other.

At time t = 0, the front ends of both trains pass a signal. The subsequent motion of each of the
trains is shown in the speed time graph (t, v), below.

Find the value of t when the front end of B is 110 m behind the back end of A.
A cyclist is travelling along a straight horizontal road at constant speed 12 ms-1 as it passes past
a set of traffic lights at time t = 0 seconds. The cyclist continues its journey at that constant
speed.

When t = 6 a car passes past the same set of traffic lights with speed 30 ms-1, decelerating
uniformly at 2 ms-2.

a) Sketch on the same speed time graph the motion of both the car and the cyclist for t ≥ 0.

In the consequent motion, the car overtakes the cyclist at some point A and at a later time the
cyclist overtakes the car again at some point B.

b) Find the value of t at A and B.

 A lift is moving upwards.

The lift accelerates from rest with uniform acceleration 0.36 ms-2 until it reaches a speed of
1.62ms-1.

It then travels at constant speed for 15 s before decelerating uniformly to rest in 6.5 s.

a) Sketch a speed time graph for the lift’s journey.

b) Determine the distance covered by the lift during the journey.

A man of mass 80kg is standing in the lift during this journey.

c) Calculate the greatest value of the reaction exerted by the floor of the lift on the man
during the journey.
Section 3 – large data set