CABARROGUIS CAMPUS

` Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT www.qsu.edu.ph
qsu.cabarroguis@gmail.com
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MASONRY WORKS

Prepared and Compiled By:

ENGR. RHOANE ANGEL B.SAURA
Instructor

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 CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
` Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT www.qsu.edu.ph
qsu.cabarroguis@gmail.com
Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” 0917-126-9160
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“Let us Build a Community of Engineers Tasked to Provide
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3.1 ESTIMATING CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
Concrete hollow blocks are manufactured in a variety of sizes, shapes, textures and
strengths for various needs and convenience in masonry construction. They may be load
bearing or non-load bearing, plain or with decorative pattern or perforations to add beauty
to their exterior faces without any further treatment or additional surface finishes.
Among all concrete block units. the stretcher concrete hollow blocks are the most widely
used as non-load bearing partitions, load bearing walls, retaining walls for buildings and
other structures. and for fences. Stretcher concrete hollow blocks are manufactured in
three- and two-core units. They are produced in 100mm (4"), 150mm (6") and 200mm
(8") thicknesses.

For the stretcher and other concrete block units with uniform exterior modular
dimensions of 200mm x 400 mm (8" x 16"), the number required per square meter of solid
wall, fence, etc., is 12-1/2 pieces. However, to give allowance for wastage, it is assumed
here that 13 pieces are required pet square meter.
The quantity of 200mm x 400mm concrete blocks needed for a given area of wall in square
meters, (excluding columns. beams, openings, etc.) could then be obtained with this
simple formula:

(Net CHB Area) x 13 = No. of Concrete Blocks required

SAMPLE PROBLEM C- 1
Find the number of 150mm thick, 200mm x 400mm stretcher concrete hollow
blocks required for a solid wall which is 3.50 meters high and 5.00 meters long.
The given measurements exclude columns and beams.
SOLUTION:
Area of wall: 3.50m X 5.00m = 17.50 Square meters

No. of CHB needed: 17.50 x 13 =227.5, say 228 Pieces

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 CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
` Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT www.qsu.edu.ph
qsu.cabarroguis@gmail.com
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“Let us Build a Community of Engineers Tasked to Provide
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3.2 DETERMINING THE CORRECT MEASUREMENTS OF CHB WALLS

1. The length to be used in computing the area

of concrete hollow block wall should not include the
columns or posts found along the wall.

NOTE: The net length of the concrete

hollow block wall is the same as its
continuous footing. This value can therefore be
used not only in estimating the needed
concrete blocks but also the materials for its
footing like cement, sand, gravel and steel
reinforcing bars.

2. The height of the wall should include the

concrete blocks buried in the ground or foundation.

3. Structural members like beams,

gilders, etc., on concrete hollow block walls
should be excluded from the calculations
for the height of the wall
In Fig. C-3, the total height of the concrete
hollow block walls is the sum of the vertical
measurements of (A), (B) and (C).

4. Deduct the areas of openings like

windows, doors or other kinds of materials
from the gross area of the concrete hollow
block wall to get its net area.

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 CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
` Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT www.qsu.edu.ph
qsu.cabarroguis@gmail.com
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“Let us Build a Community of Engineers Tasked to Provide
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3.3 ESTIMATING CEMENT MORTAR

How to use Table C-1:

1. Compute the area of the proposed wall (in square meters) where concrete hollow blocks
(CHB) will be used.

2. Multiply the area by 13 to get the estimated number Of CHB required.

3. Multiply the number of CHB by size. by the factors under Class A or Class B mortar mix
- to get the estimated bags of cement and cubic meters of sand required for the CHB mortar
cell fillers and horizontal binders.

3.4 CEMENT PLASTER FINISH

One of the most commonly specified finishes for concrete hollow blocks. adobe, concrete and other
masonry surfaces is cement plaster. The ingredients to produce cement plaster are portland or
pozzolan cement, screened sand and lime. Although the inclusion of lime is optional, adding it
increases the workability of the mixture. Workability is the degree of consistency and plasticity
that will permit the plaster to be applied readily onto the surface.

The materials are mixed thoroughly and the proper amount of dean water added until the right
consistency is attained. The surface should be rough and. before plaster is applied. must be wet.
The mass is spread with enough pressure to make it adhere to the surface. Then a very thin layer
of pure cement paste is applied and worked over with a steel trowel. sponge and even sandpapered
to make the finish smooth and even.

CLASSES OF CEMENT PLASTER MIXTURES

Cement plaster mixes are also classified by the amount of cement. lime and sand contained in a
given batch. The classes of cement plaster commonly used and the proportion of ingredients by
volume contained are:

Class A (1 : I : 2) Cement-lime-sand mix

Class B (I : I : 3) Cement-lime-sand mix

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 CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
` Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT www.qsu.edu.ph
qsu.cabarroguis@gmail.com
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THICKNESS OF CEMENT PLASTER FINISH

The condition of the masonry surface and quality of workmanship of the construction dictate the
thickness of plaster to be used. Surfaces of concrete poured inside forms which generally have
level and moderately smooth surfaces (assuming that the forms were rigidly constructed and well
aligned) usually need only a thin layer of plaster. Materials with inherent rough surfaces or walls,
fences, columns, etc., which are misaligned and crooked would necessitate a thick application to
smoothen their surfaces and correct their defective construction.

ESTIMATING THE MATERIALS FOR CEMENT PLASTER

In calculating the amount of cement, lime and sand required for cement plaster finishes, the
following guidelines should be remembered:

1. Ascertain the specified class or proportion of plaster to be used, as well as the

thickness to be applied from the project drawings and specifications:

2. The plastered area would include only those exposed to view and computed in
square meters;
3. The exterior and interior faces of a building wall may not have the same
exposed/plaster area. It is therefore, necessary to make separate computations for
each side or such walls,
4. The calculations Should be based on the actual area of a wan to be plastered and
not on the estimated number of concrete hollow blocks to be used. A considerable
number of concrete block units buried in foundations covered by floor and ceiling
sections. etc., do not have to be plastered.

Furthermore, estimating the plaster materials based only on the quantity of CHB
will exclude exposed faces of concrete columns, girders, beams and other integral
parts of the building where cement plaster is required.

5. Openings on masonry surfaces being estimated and areas where other kinds of
finishes are indicated should be excluded from the computed plaster area.
Hereunder are Simple formulas derived from data popularly used in estimating plaster materials
the two classes of plaster mixes, by thickness of plaster per square meter. The results Obtained
include allowance for wastage.

Table C-2 FORMULAS FOR ESTIMATING MATERIALS FOR CEMENT PLASTER

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` Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT www.qsu.edu.ph
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SAMPLE PROBLEM C-2

The owner of a commercial lot wants to fence the frontage of his lot with 15 x 20 x 40 cm. concrete
hollow blocks. The fence is 3.50 meters high and 40 meters long provided with a 25 x 25 cm.
reinforced concrete posts spaced at 4.00 meters distance. Using Class A mixture list down the
materials required.

1. Solve for the gross area of the fence

Gross Area : ( 3.50m x 40.0m ) = 140sq.m.

2. Subtract the area occupied by the post

Net Area : 140 sq. m. – ( 0.25 x 3.50m. x 1l posts.) =130.4sq. m.

3. Find the number of CHB

No. of CHB needed: 130.4 x 13 = 1695.2, say 1696 Pieces

4. Find the cement mortar. Refer to Table C-1. using class 'A' mixture for a 15 x 20 x
40 CHB; multiply:

Bags of Cement needed: 1696pcs x 0.0982 = 166.55, say 167 bags

Cu.m. of Sand needed: 1696pcs x 0.0053 = 8.99, sat 9 cu.m.

5. Solve for the cement plaster. Refer to Table C-2. Using 16 mm thick plaster, Class
"B" mixture, 140 x 2 sides or 280sq.m.

Cement : 280 x 0.192 = 53.76, say 54 bags

Sand : 280 x 0.016 = 4.48, say 4.5 cu. m.

III - 6 | ESTIMATE
 CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
` Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT www.qsu.edu.ph
qsu.cabarroguis@gmail.com
Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” 0917-126-9160
HGSGSG
“Let us Build a Community of Engineers Tasked to Provide
HGSGSG
HGSGSG
SAMPLE PROBLEM C-3

Referring to Fig. C-4, estimate the number of stretcher concrete hollow blocks required for
walls (1), (2) and (3) based on these data:

a. Length* of wall (1) : 4.00m, using 150 thick x 200mm x 400mm CHB
Size of door : 0.90m x 2.10m

b. Length* of wall (2) : 5.00m. using 150mm thick x 200mm x 400mm CHB
Size of window : 1.50m x 2.25m

c. Length* of wall (3) : 4.00m, using 100mm thick x 200mm x 400mm CHB

The vertical distances that comprise the total height of the concrete hollow block walls are
follows:
Height of (A) from floor line to bottom of beam = 2.80m
Height of (B) from ground line to floor line = 0.30m
Depth of (C) from ground line to bottom of CHB = 0.30m
Total height of CHB wall = 3.40 meters

Estimate also the quantity of cement, sand and gravel required for the continuous footing
having a uniform cross-section of 0.20m x 0.40m as shown in Fig. C-4 (b), using Class A
concrete mix.

NOTE: Study how these problems were solved with the use of a computation sheet shown
next page.

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 CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
` Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT www.qsu.edu.ph
qsu.cabarroguis@gmail.com
Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” 0917-126-9160
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“Let us Build a Community of Engineers Tasked to Provide
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Materials & Estimated Quantities Required
Item to be
Estimated
CALCULATIONS CHB CHB Cement Sand Gravel
(150mm) (100mm) (Bags) (m3) (m3)
CHB for
Area of wall : 4m x 3.40m = 13.60 m2
Wall (1)
Less (Door) : 0.9m x 2.10m = 1.89 m2
Net CHB wall area = 11.71 m2
No. of CHB required : 11.71 m2 x 13 = 152.23 153 pcs

CHB for Area of wall : 5m x 3.40m = 17.00 m2

Wall (2) Less (Door) : 1.5m x 2.25m = 3.37 m2
Net CHB wall area = 13.63 m2
No. of CHB required : 13.63 m2 x 13 = 177.19 178 pcs

CHB for Area of wall : 4m x 3.40m = 13.60 m2

Wall (3) No. of CHB required : 13.60 m x 13 = 176.80
2 177 pcs

Materials Length of footing for wall (1) = 4.00m

For CHB (2) = 5.00m
Wall (3) = 4.00m
footings Total length of all footings = 13.00m

Using the formulas based on volume of concrete:

Vol. of conc. : 0.20m x 0.40m x 13.00m = 1.04m3
Plus 10% allowance for wastage = 0.10 m3
Total volume of concrete = 1.14 m3

For Class A concrete mix:

1.14 x 7.85 = 8.95 9 bags
1.14 x 0.42 = 0.48 0.50m3
1.14 x 0.84 = 0.96 1.0 m3

Class B Cement Mortar:

Materials
150mm CHB - 331 pcs x 0.0734 = 24.295 25 bags
For
150mm CHB - 331 pcs x 0.0059 = 1.95 2.0 m3
Cement
100mm CHB – 177 pcs x 0.0307 = 5.43 6 bags
Mortar
100mm CHB – 177 pcs x 0.0025 = 0.44 0.50 m3
TOTAL 331pcs 177pcs 40 bags 3.0 m3 1.0 m3

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