STE EXAM REVIEW AND ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM

MATHEMATICS 7
Session 1

Name: ____________________________________________ Score: ___________

TOPIC: RATIONAL NUMBERS

A. Fractions
Types of Fractions
1. Proper Fraction – numerator is lower than the denominator
2. Improper Fraction – the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator
3. Mixed Number – combination of a whole number and a proper fraction
4. Complex Fraction – either the numerator, the denominator, or both contain
fractions.

Two Kinds of Fractions

1. Similar Fractions: the denominators are THE SAME
2. Dissimilar Fractions: the denominators are DIFFERENT

Parts of Fractions
2 Numerator (part)
3 Denominator (whole)

Comparing Fractions
- To compare fractions, use cross multiplication
2 1
Example: Which is bigger between 3 and 5?
2 1
3 5
(2)(5) = 10 (3)(1) = 3
10 is bigger than 3, thus, 2/3 is larger than 1/5

Converting Fractions to Decimal Form

- Use NIDO Technique (Numerator’s In, Denominator’s Out)

Converting Decimal to Fraction Form

- The way you read a fraction is the same way you write it.
Note: Always express your final answer in LOWEST/SIMPLEST TERM

Multiplication of Fractions
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)(𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
Rule: 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟* 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟= (𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)(𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
Examples:
1 3 (1)(3) 3÷3 𝟏
( )( ) = = =
3 5 (3)(5) 15 ÷ 3 𝟓

1 3 (−1)(3) −3 ÷ 3 𝟏
(− ) ( ) = = = −
3 5 (3)(5) 15 ÷ 3 𝟓

3 (5)(3) 15 ÷ 5 𝟑
(5) ( ) = = = 𝒐𝒓 𝟏
5 (1)(5) 5÷5 𝟏

1 3 7 3 (7)(3) 21 ÷ 3 𝟕 𝟐
(2 ) ( ) = ( ) ( ) = = = 𝒐𝒓 𝟏
3 5 3 5 (3)(5) 15 ÷ 3 𝟓 𝟓

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 Division of Fractions
- Use KCR Method (Keep, Change, Reciprocal)
- Keep the fraction as is, Change ÷ into *
- Reciprocate: Swap the numerator and the denominator
- Proceed to multiplication of fractions
Example:
1 3
( ) ÷ ( )=
3 5
K C R
1 5 (1)(5) 𝟓
( ) ∗ ( )= =
3 3 (3)(3) 𝟗

Addition/Subtraction of Fractions
Case 1: Similar Fractions Case 2: Dissimilar Fractions
2 5
2 5 2+5 𝟕 𝟏 + =
+ = = 𝒐𝒓 𝟐 3 12
3 3 3 𝟑 𝟑 Using continuous division, get the
denominators 3 and 12
2 5 2 − 5 −3
− = = 𝑜𝑟 − 𝟏 3 |3 12
3 3 3 3
1 4
LCD: (3)(1)(4) = 12
Note: Add the numerators and copy the 2 5 8 5 𝟏𝟑 𝟏
denominator. Express your answer in + = + = 𝒐𝒓 𝟏
3 12 12 12 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
lowest term if necessary.

B. Decimals
Addition of Decimals Multiplication of Decimals
1. 5.98 + 12.146 +
0.345 =

2. 1.25 + 1.5 + 7.875 =

3. 0.23 + 12.9 + 3.12 =
Try this:
1. 12.43 x 1.32 =
2. 3.46 x 4.7 =

Subtraction of Decimals Division of Decimals

1. 25 – 8.35 – 1.3 =

2. 12.35 – 3.2 – 3.52 =

3. 8.1 – 1.134 – 4.12 =
Try this:
1. 4.41 ÷ 1.4 =
2. 7.74 ÷ 3.6 =

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C. Percentage, Base and Rate
where:
P is
Percentage
B is Base
R is Rate

Formula:
P=BxR
B = P/R
R = P/B
Example Solution: P = B x R
R = 20% or 0.2
B = 30

P = 0.2 x 30
P = 15

Try this:
1. 32 is 16% of what number?
2. What percent of 120 is 6?

D. Ratio and Proportion

A ratio is a comparison of two numbers.
Ratios can be written in three different ways:
1. a to b
2. a:b
𝑎
3. 𝑏, where b cannot be zero

Express the following ratios in their Compare the ratios and determine if they
simplest form: are equivalent:
1. 4:6 1. 3:5 and 9:15
2. 8:12 2. 2:3 and 6:9
3. 15:25 3. 5:8 and 10:16

Find the missing term in the given proportions:

1. 3:5 = N:15
2. 2:3 = 8:N
𝑎 6
3. 4 = 9

Activity 1: Perform the indicated operations.

2 2
1. + =
3 3
1 6
2. − =
5 3
2 1
3. (3) (2 3) =
1 5
4. ÷8=
6
2 2 1 5
5. (3 + 3) − (6 ÷ 8) =
6. 4.543 + 11.09 + 13.12 =

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 7. 18.23 – 4.344 – 5.12 =
8. 12.27 x 3.13 =
9. 4.44 ÷ 3.7 =
10. (4.543 + 11.09) – (4.08 ÷ 1.2) =

TOPIC 2: SOLVING WORD PROBLEMS

Activity 2:
1. Our school has 8 male teachers who comprise 25% of all our teachers. How many
teachers do we have?
2. Miss Tan has 20 boys and 15 girls in her English class. What percent of the
students are girls?
3. Jerome answered 80% of the 50 items correctly in a math test. How many items
did he answer correctly?
4. If 5 apples cost PhP 2.50, find the cost of 8 apples.
5. A mixture of paint is made by mixing 2 gallons of red paint with 5 gallons of yellow
paint. What is the ratio of red paint to the total paint in the mixture?

Assessment:

Read and analyze the following problems. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. What is 4/5 as a decimal?

a. 0.8 b. 8.5 c. 0.45 d. 1.25

2. If a sales tax of 8% is added to an item priced at PhP 80, what is the total cost
of the item?

a. PhP 86.40 b. PhP 82.56 c. PhP 80.64 d. PhP 85.60

3. The ratio of apples to oranges in a basket is 3:2. If there are 26 oranges, how
many apples are there?

a. 15 b. 35 c. 39 d. 45

4. If 20% of a number is 30, what is the number?

a. 120 b. 150 c. 90 d. 60

5. Which of the following is equivalent to 3/4?

a. 0.5 b. 0.75 c. 1.25 d. 1.5

6. If a recipe calls for 2 cups of flour and 3 cups of sugar, what is the ratio of flour
to sugar?

a. 2:3 b. 3:2 c. 5:2 d. 2:5

7. If the scale on a map is 1:25000, what distance on the map represents 5 km in

real life?
a. 0.2 cm b. 2 cm c. 20 cm d. 200 cm

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8. Calculate 30% of 200.

a. 60 b. 70 c. 45 d. 75

9. Simplify the ratio 18:24.

a. 3:4 b. 6:8 c. 9:12 d. 7:9

10. The ratio of boys to girls in a class is 3:5. If there are 24 students, how many
girls are there?

a. 10 b. 12 c. 14 d. 15

11. If 40% of a number is 80, what is the number?

a. 150 b. 180 c. 200 d. 300

12. Find the missing term in the proportion 3:5 = N:15

a. 6 b. 9 c. 10 d. 12
3 1
13. Simplify 4 + 2
5 5 1 2
a. 4 b. 8 c. 1 4 d. 3

5 2
14. Simplify 6 − 3
1 1 1 3
a. 6 b. 3 c. 2 d. 4

2 4
15. Simplify 3 𝑥 5
8 1 2 6
a. 15 b. 2 c. 5 d. 8

7 4
16. Simplify 8 ÷ 7
14 49 49 28
a. 15 b. 32 c. 28 d. 49

17. What is 5.918 + 1.146 + 0.345?

a. 7.049 b. 7.409 c. 7.904 d. 7.940

18. What is 12.43 x 1.32?

a. 16.4076 b. 15.4076 c. 14.4076 d. 13.4076

19. What is 21 – 0.325 – 12.45?

a. 8.25 b. 82.25 c. 8.225 d. 8.525

20. What is 23.541 divided by 4.13?

a. 5.5 b. 5.6 c. 5.7 d. 5.8

21. What is 32 as a percentage of 160?

a. 18% b. 19% c. 20% d. 21%

22. Which of the following shows proportionality?

a. 3:4 = 1:3 b. 5:12 = 7:12 c. 5:8 = 15:24 d. 1:6 = 2:15

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23. A recipe calls for 3 cups of flour to make 12 muffins. How many cups of flour are
needed to make 18 muffins?
a. 4 b. 4.5 c. 5 d. 5.5

24. A car depreciates by 10% each year. If its original value was PhP 20 000, what will
its value be after 3 years?
a. PhP 14 580 b. PhP 15 580 c. PhP 15 600 d. PhP 16 000
5 3
25. Subtract 8 from 4
1 1 1 5
a. 8 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8

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26. What is the product of 1 8 and 4?
a. 3.5 b. 4.5 c. 5.5 d. 6.5
5 7
27. Which is greater, 6 or 9?
5 7
a. 6 b. 9 c. Both are equal d. Cannot be determined

28. Subtract 3.45 from 8.92

a. 5.57 b. 4.47 c. 6.47 d. 5.87

29. Which of the following is the greatest?

a. 0.45 b. 0.54 c. 0.456 d. 0.405

30. Write six and twenty-three hundredths in decimal form.

a. 6.023 b. 6.23 c. 6.003 d. 6.00023