Report Tubes Betitit

FINAL REPORT
CONCRETE STRUCTURE I
MAJOR ASSESSMENT
Sami Haidar Moeljawan

2106718174
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
DEPOK
2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.................................................................................................................................................3
PRELIMINARY...........................................................................................................................................3
Introduction..............................................................................................................................................3
Objective...................................................................................................................................................3
Data Information.....................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER II................................................................................................................................................6
STRUCTURE DETAILS.............................................................................................................................6
Structure Dimensions and Assumptions................................................................................................6
Structure Layout......................................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER III..............................................................................................................................................8
LOADINGS..................................................................................................................................................8
Static Loading...........................................................................................................................................8
Earthquake Loading................................................................................................................................9
Load Combination.................................................................................................................................14
Structure Modeling Details...................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER IV.............................................................................................................................................16
STRUCTURE DESIGN.............................................................................................................................16
Concrete Beam.......................................................................................................................................16
Main Beams............................................................................................................................................16
Secondary Beams...................................................................................................................................39
Concrete Columns..................................................................................................................................40
Exterior Columns...................................................................................................................................40
Interior Columns....................................................................................................................................49
Concrete Slabs........................................................................................................................................49
Second Floor Slab..................................................................................................................................49
Roof Floor Slab......................................................................................................................................49
Concrete Foundation.............................................................................................................................49
Structure Serviceability.........................................................................................................................51
2
CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
Introduction
Indonesia, marked by diverse landscapes and rapid urbanization, is experiencing an
increasing demand for robust and sustainable infrastructure. Civil engineering, as a cornerstone
of modern development, plays a pivotal role in shaping the nation's progress, with concrete
structures forming the foundation of this advancement. This analysis report aims to delve into the
intricate world of concrete structure design in Indonesia, examining the various factors
influencing its development and scrutinizing the adherence to national standards outlined by the
Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI). SNI, as the governing body for standardization in the
country, holds a key position in ensuring the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of concrete
structures.
Objective
The primary goal of this report is to conduct a thorough examination of current concrete
structure design practices in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the integration and compliance
with SNI standards. We aim to assess prevailing design methodologies, considering the diverse
geophysical and environmental challenges across the archipelago. Additionally, the report will
scrutinize the extent to which SNI standards are incorporated into design and construction
processes, identifying areas of compliance or deviation. The intention is also to highlight best
practices by identifying exemplary projects that showcase effective implementation of SNI
standards, emphasizing sustainability, durability, and safety. Finally, the report will provide
recommendations for improving the overall quality and adherence to SNI standards in concrete
structure design.
Indonesian National Standards for Concrete Structures
The Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI) serves as the cornerstone for quality assurance
and safety in construction practices. In the realm of concrete structure design, SNI standards
provide a comprehensive framework that encompasses material specifications, design
methodologies, and construction practices. Compliance with these standards not only ensures the
structural integrity of buildings and infrastructure but also contributes to the resilience of
structures in the face of natural disasters. The Indonesian National Standards (SNI) that were
used as references in this analysis are:
 SNI 2847:2019
 SNI 1726:2019
 SNI 1727:2020
Data Information
Information regarding the structural dimensions and the general layout of the building
were given for the analysis.
3
KNOWN:
Usage Small Shop/Ruko
Location Lampung
L1 (m) 7.8
L2 (m) 3
n 7
B (m) 7.2
4
H1 (m) 4.5
H2 (m) 5.5
Df (m) 2.5
qs (kg/cm2) 1.7
fc' (MPa) 30
fy (MPa) 420
Known Data:
 Structure Usage: Small Shop (Ruko)

 Structure Location: Lampung
 Horizontal Span:
 Horizontal Length 1 (L1) = 7.8 m
 Horizontal Length 2 (L2) = 3 m
 Vertical Span:
 Length of Span (B) = 7.2 m
 Number of Span (n) = 7
 Height of Structure:
 Foundation Depth (Df) = 2.5 m
 First Floor Height (H1) = 4.5 m
 Second Floor Height (H2) = 5.5 m
 Structure Material Data:
 Concrete Compression Strength (f’c) = 30 MPa
 Steel Yield Strength (fy) = 420 MPa
 Soil Data:
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity (qs) = 1.7 kN/m2
 Specific Weight (𝛾s) = 17.5 kN/m3
 Allowable Stress (σt) = 1.95 kg/cm2
5
CHAPTER II
STRUCTURE DETAILS
Structure Dimensions and Assumptions
Dimensions
B1 (Main Beam)
L (m) 7.8 = 7800 mm
h (m) 0.65 = 650 mm
b (m) 0.3 = 300 mm
B2 (Side Beam)
L (m) 7.2 = 7200 mm
h (m) 0.6 = 600 mm
b (m) 0.3 = 300 mm
B3 (Small Beam)
L (m) 3 = 3000 mm
h (m) 0.25 = 250 mm
b (m) 0.125 = 125 mm
B4 (Secondary Beam)
b (m) 0.2 = 200 mm
h (m) 0.45 = 450 mm
First Floor Column

h (m) 4.5 = 4500 mm
b (m) 0.4 = 400 mm
l (m) 0.4 = 400 mm
Second Floor Column

h (m) 5.5 = 5500 mm
b (m) 0.4 = 400 mm
l (m) 0.4 = 400 mm
Stairs
L (m) 0.3 = 300 mm
h (m) 0.18 = 180 mm
w (m) 1 = 1000 mm
n of steps 25 = 2500 mm
6
Structure Layout
7
CHAPTER III
LOADINGS
Static Loading
Dead loads refer to the permanent and constant forces acting on a structure due to its own
weight and that of its components. This includes materials like concrete, steel, and permanent
fixtures. Live loads, on the other hand, encompass variable and transient forces imposed on a
structure, such as the weight of people, furniture, and other movable elements. The combination
of dead and live loads is essential in designing structures to ensure they can safely support both
their intrinsic weight and the dynamic external forces they may experience during use.
Additionally, Serviceability Imposed Dead Loads (SIDLs) specifically pertain to non-permanent
loads that might be applied to a structure during its service life, which could include items like
temporary equipment or construction loads. Understanding and appropriately accounting for
these various loads are critical aspects of structural design to ensure the safety, stability, and
functionality of a structure throughout its lifespan.
It is important to note for this analysis, the dead loads that were calculated consisted of
the weight of the concrete beams, concrete columns, concrete slabs, and the concrete roof.
Secondly, the structure that is being analyzed is to be used for a small shop where the standard
live load of small shops/ruko is 4.79 kN/m2. However, additional live loads are also included
which consists of stairs, storage rooms, bathrooms, roof loads, and also rain and wind loads.
Lastly, the SIDLs that are calculated in the analysis consists of the SIDLs of walls, ceilings,
spaces, ceramics, and MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing).
The summarized loading configuration for the structure is below.
Summary
Location Dead Load Live Load SIDL Total
50773.9544 301.97469 51850.2099
First Floor 6 774.2808 6 6
56517.2778 697.847362 885.68769 58100.8128
Second Floor 2 5 6 8
Roof 3314.9952 1012.4352 590.5872 4918.0176
8
Earthquake Loading
Earthquake loadings pose a significant challenge to structural engineers as they are
dynamic forces resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust. When designing
structures in seismically active regions, engineers must consider the seismic forces and ground
motions generated by earthquakes. The impact of earthquake loadings is measured in terms of
ground acceleration, which can induce lateral forces and cause structural vibrations. Structural
elements need to be designed to withstand these forces to prevent collapse or significant damage
during an earthquake event. Building codes, such as the Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI) and
international seismic design standards, provide guidelines for seismic-resistant design. The
analysis employs specific methods, including response spectrum analysis and time history
analysis, to evaluate a structure's ability to withstand earthquake loadings and ensure its
resilience in the face of seismic events. Integrating effective seismic design measures is crucial
for constructing buildings and infrastructure capable of withstanding the unpredictable and
powerful forces associated with earthquakes.
In this analysis, to calculate the earthquake loadings, the response spectrum analysis is
used and information regarding the soil data of the location of the structure is gathered from
Cipta Karya.
9
The values needed for the calculation of the earthquake loads can be summarized in the
following table.
Spektrum Respon Desain

SS MCEr 0.8739
S1 MCEr 0.4306
TL 20
SDs (SC) 0.70
T0 0.19
Ts 0.96
Sd1 0.67
Interpolasi
x y
0.4 2.4
0.4306 2.3388
10
0.5 2.2
Sd1 1.00708728
Additionally, from the values of the response spectrum analysis, the earthquake loadings can
be calculated with references to SNI 1726:2019
 Risk Category of Structure

o The structure that is analyzed falls in the second risk category
 Type of Structure
o The structure that is analyzed is made up of reinforced concrete with specific
resultant moment forces
11
 Response Spectrum Parameter
 The final computation of data can be summarized with the following table
Ketegori Resiko II
Ie 1.0
Ct 0.0466
x 0.9
R 8
Cu 1.4
k 1
 Basic Seismic Load Calculations:
o Ta=0.1 N
o Ta=C t hnx
 N = number of storeys
Sds
Cs=
o R
Ie
Sd1
Cs=
o R
T
Ie
12
o Cs=0.044 Sds I e >0.01
 The value of Cs that is used will be the greatest Cs value
 Vertical and Horizontal Seismic Load Calculations
o Static Load Summary
Summary
Location Dead Load Live Load SIDL Total
First Floor 50773.95446 774.2808 301.974696 51850.20996
Second Floor 56517.27782 697.8473625 885.687696 58100.81288
Roof 3314.9952 1012.4352 590.5872 4918.0176
TOTAL 110606.2275 2484.563363 1778.249592 114869.0404
o W 1= ( D L1 ) =50773.955 kN
o W 2 =( D L2 ) =56517.278 kN
o V =W 1+ W 2=11720.226 kN
W 1 h1
o C v 1= =0.2 8789
( W 1 h1 ) +(W 2 h 2)
W 2 h2
o C v 2= =0. 71211
( W 1 h1 ) +(W 2 h 2)
o F x 1=VC v 1=3374.096 kN
o F x 2=VC v 2=8346.13 kN
F x1
o F i x1= =843.524 kN
4
F x2
o F ix 2= =2086.533 kN
4
F x1
o F i y 1= =421.762 kN
8
F x2
o F i y 2= =1043.266 kN
8
13
Load Combination
Load combinations play a crucial role in designing buildings and other structures to ensure
they can withstand various loads and forces they might encounter during their lifespan. Load
combinations involve considering multiple types of loads acting on a structure simultaneously, as
structures often experience different loads simultaneously rather than in isolation. The purpose of
load combinations is to account for the most critical conditions that a structure may face. The
load combinations used in the analysis are listed below.
1. 1DL + 1LL
2. 1.4DL + 1.4SIDL
3. 1.2DL + 1.6LL
4. 1.2DL + 1.2SIDL + 1.6LL + 0.5Lr
5. 1.2DL + 1.2SIDL + 1LL + 1.6Lr
6. 1.2DL + 1.2 SIDL + 1Ex + 0.3 Ey + 1L
7. 1.2DL + 1.2 SIDL + 1Ex - 0.3 Ey + 1L
8. 1.2DL + 1.2 SIDL - 1Ex + 0.3 Ey + 1L
9. 1.2DL + 1.2 SIDL - 1Ex - 0.3 Ey + 1L
10. 1.2DL + 1.2 SIDL + 0.3Ex + 1Ey + 1L
11. 1.2DL + 1.2 SIDL + 0.3Ex - 1Ey + 1L
12. 1.2DL + 1.2 SIDL - 0.3Ex + 1Ey + 1L
13. 1.2DL + 1.2 SIDL - 0.3Ex - 1Ey + 1L
14. 0.9DL + 0.9SIDL + 1Ex + 0.3Ey
15. 0.9DL + 0.9SIDL + 1Ex - 0.3Ey
16. 0.9DL + 0.9SIDL - 1Ex + 0.3Ey
17. 0.9DL + 0.9SIDL - 1Ex - 0.3Ey
18. 0.9DL + 0.9SIDL + 0.3Ex + 1Ey
19. 0.9DL + 0.9SIDL + 0.3Ex - 1Ey
20. 0.9DL + 0.9SIDL - 0.3Ex + 1Ey
21. 0.9DL + 0.9SIDL - 0.3Ex - 1Ey
22. Serviceability (1DL + 1SIDL + 1LL)
23. Combination Envelope (All Combinations)
24. Envelope Gravity (Combinations 1-5, Serviceability)
14
25. Envelope Earthquake (Combinations 6-21, Serviceability)
Structure Modeling Details
15
CHAPTER IV
STRUCTURE DESIGN
Concrete Beam
Main Beams
 Main Beam B1
 Top Support Reinforcement
16
 Known:
 L = 7800 mm
 h = 650 mm
 b = 300 mm
 Ultimate moment of top support = -259.7577 kNm
 j = 0.925
 Calculations:
l
 b< +b w
8
7800
= b< +300
8
= 1275 mm
 b< 8 hf + bw +8 h f
= b< 8(140)+300+8 (140)
= 2540 mm
bnl bnr
 b< bw + +
2 2
7200 3000
= b< 300+ +
2 2
= 5400
 d assumed=h−90
= 650 – 90
= 560 mm
Mu
 As needed=
Φfyjd
259.7577 ( 106 )
=
0.9 ( 420 ) ( 0.925 ) ( 560 )
= 1326.133 mm2
 Design Calculations:
 Design Assumption:
 Diameter of Reinforcement (d) = 22 mm
 Concrete Cover = 40 mm
 Diameter of Stirrups = 10 mm
 ε cu= 0.003
fy 420
 ε y= = =0.0021
EI 200000
π ( d2 )
 Area of Reinforcement (Ast) =
4
2
π ( 22 )
=
4
= 380.133 mm2
17
As needed
 Number of Reinforcement (n) =
Ast
1326.133
=
380.133
= 3.488
≈4
π ( d 2) n
 As design=
4
π ( 222 ) 4
=
4
= 1520.53 mm2
 As design> As needed
25
 d used=h−cc −ds−d−
2
25
= 650−40−10−22−
2
= 565.5
d
 dt=h−cc−ds−
2
22
= 650−40−10−
2
= 589 mm
0.25 √ f ' c 1.4 bw d
 A sminimum= bw d ≥
fy fy
0.25 √ 30 1.4 (300)(565.5)
= (300)(565.5)≥
420 420
= 553.102 mm ≥ 565.5 mm
2 2
 From the two results, the minimum area that is used will be the
greater value
b −( 2 cc )−( 2 ds )−(nd)
 Distance Between Reinforcement (S)= w
n−1
300−( 2∗40 )−( 2∗10 )−(4∗22)
=
4−1
= 37.33 mm
≈ 40 mm
A s fy
 a= '
0.85 f c bw
1520.531(420)
=
0.85 (30)(300)
= 83.48
18
0.05 ( f c −28 )
'
 β 1=0.85−
7
0.05(30−28)
= 0.85−
7
= 0.84
a
 c=
β1
83.48
=
0.84
= 99.89
d−c
 ε s= (ε cu )
c
565.5−99 , 89
= (0.003)
99 ,89
= 0.014
 ε s >ε y
dt−c
 ε t= (ε cu)
c
589−99 , 89
= (0.003)
99 ,89
= 0.0147
 ε t >0.004
 ( )
Mn=A s fy d−
a
2
= ( 1326.62 ) ( 420 ) ( 565.5−

2 )
84.48
= 291828993.4 Nmm
= 291.828993 kNM
 ΦMn=0.9(Mn )
= 0.9∗(291.828993)
= 262.6461 kNm
 ΦMn> Mu
 262.6461 kNm > 259.7577 kNm
 Top Support Reinforcement = 4D22
 Bottom Support Reinforcement
 Known:
 Mu = 84.9769 kNm
19
 ε cu= 0.003
fy 420
 ε y= = =0.0021
EI 200000
 jd=0.925 (d )
= 0.925(565.5)
= 523.0875 mm
Mu
 As needed=
Φfyjd
84.9769 ( 106 )
=
0.9 ( 420 ) (523.0875)
= 429.769 mm2
π ( d2 )
4
2
π ( 22 )
=
4
= 380.133 mm2
As needed
Ast
429.769
=
380.133
≈2
π ( d 2) n
 As design=
4
π ( 22 ) 2
2
=
4
= 760.265 mm2
0.25 √ f ' c 1.4 bw d
fy fy
0.25 √ 30 1.4 (300)(565.5)
= (300)(565.5)≥
420 420
= 553.102 mm ≥ 565.5 mm
2 2
greater value
b −( 2 cc )−( 2 ds )−(nd)
n−1
300−( 2∗40 )−( 2∗10 )−(2∗22)
=
2−1
≈ 156 mm
20
A s fy
 a= '
0.85 f c bw
760.265(420)
=
0.85(30)(300)
= 41.74
0.05 ( f 'c −28 )
 β 1=0.85−
7
0.05(30−28)
= 0.85−
7
= 0.84
a
 c=
β1
41.74
=
0.84
= 49.95
d−c
 ε s= (ε cu )
c
565.5−49 , 95
= (0.003)
49 , 95
= 0.03097
 ε s >ε y
dt−c
 ε t= (ε cu)
c
589−49 ,96
= (0.003)
49 , 95
= 0.0324
 ε t >0.004
 ( )
Mn=A s fy d−
a
2
= ( 760.265 ) ( 420 ) (565.5−

2 )
41.74
= 173906599.9 Nmm
= 173.9065999 kNM
 ΦMn=0.9(Mn )
= 0.9∗(173.9065999)
= 156.52 kNm
 ΦMn> Mu
 156.52 kNm > 84.9769 kNm
 Bottom Support Reinforcement = 2D22
 Shear Reinforcement Design
 Known:
21
 Vu = 216.3306 kN
 Calculations:
 Vc= √ c w
f ' (b )(d )
6
=
√30 (300)(565.5)
6
= 375.999 kN
 ΦVc=0.75(
'
√
f c (bw ) ( d )
)
6
= 0.75(375.999)
= 281.999 kN
 1/2(ΦVc )=(0.5)0.75(
√f '
c (bw ) ( d )
)
6
= 0.5(281.999)
= 140.999
 ΦVc >Vu
 Shear Reinforcement is not needed
 Design Assumption:
 d = 10 mm
 n=2
2
π (d )(n)
 A v=
4
2
π (10 )(2)
=
4
= 157.079 mm2
 0.33 ( √ f 'c ) ( b w ) ( d )=0.33 ( √ 30 ) ( 300 ) ( 565.5 )
= 306639 N
= 306.639 kN
 Sma x 1=d / 4
565.5
=
4
= 141.375 mm
16( Av)(fy)
 Sma x 2=
√ f 'c b w
16(306.639)(420)
=
√30 (300)
= 642.4 mm
22
3( Av)( fy)
 Sma x 3=
bw
3(306.639)(420)
=
(300)
= 659.73
 Smax used = min(Smax1, Smax2, Smax3)
Smax used = Smax1 ≈ 100 mm
 Shear Reinforcement = D10-100
 Bottom Field Reinforcement
 Known:
 Mu = 85.6606 kNm
 Calculations:
= 650 – 90
= 560 mm
Mu
 As needed=
Φfyjd
85.6606 ( 10 6 )
=
0.9 ( 420 ) ( 0.925 ) ( 560 )
= 565.5 mm2
 jd =0.925 ( 560 ) =490 mm
23
 ε cu= 0.003
fy 420
 ε y= = =0.0021
EI 200000
π ( d2 )
4
2
π ( 22 )
=
4
= 380.133 mm2
As needed
Ast
565.5
=
380.133
≈2
π ( d 2) n
 As design=
4
π ( 22 ) 2
2
=
4
= 760.266 mm2
25
2
25
= 650−40−10−22−
2
= 565.5
d
2
22
= 650−40−10−
2
= 589 mm
0.25 √ f ' c 1.4 bw d
fy fy
0.25 √ 30 1.4 (300)(565.5)
= (300)(565.5)≥
420 420
2
= 553.102 mm 565.5 mm ≥ 2
greater value
24
b w −( 2 cc )−( 2 ds )−(nd)
 Distance Between Reinforcement (S)=
n−1
300−( 2∗40 )−( 2∗10 )−(2∗22)
=
2−1
≈ 156 mm
A s fy
 a= '
0.85 f c bw
760.266(420)
=
0.85(30)(300)
= 41.74
0.05 ( f c −28 )
'
 β 1=0.85−
7
0.05(30−28)
= 0.85−
7
= 0.84
a
 c=
β1
41.74
=
0.84
= 49.95
d−c
 ε s= (ε cu )
c
565.5−49.95
= (0.003)
49.95
= 0.014
 ε s >ε y
dt−c
 ε t= (ε cu)
c
589−49.95
= (0.003)
49.95
= 0.0147
 ε t >0.004
 Mn=A s fy d−( ) a
2
(
= ( 760.265 ) ( 420 ) 565.5− )
41.74
2
= 173906599.9 Nmm
= 173.9065999 kNM
 ΦMn=0.9(Mn )
= 0.9∗(173.9065999)
= 156.519 kNm
25
 ΦMn> Mu
 156.519 kNm > 85.6606 kNm
 Known:
 Mu = 270.3913 kNm
 Calculations:
= 650 – 90
= 560 mm
Mu
 As needed=
Φfyjd
270.3913 ( 106 )
=
0.9 ( 420 ) ( 0.925 ) ( 560 )
= 1459.839 mm2
 jd=0.925 ( 560 ) =490 mm
 ε cu= 0.003
fy 420
 ε y= = =0.0021
EI 200000
π ( d2 )
4
2
π ( 22 )
=
4
= 380.133 mm2
As needed
Ast
1459.839
= ≈4
380.133
π ( d 2) n
 As design=
4
π ( 22 ) 4
2
=
4
= 1520.53 mm2
26
25
2
25
= 650−40−10−22−
2
= 565.5
d
2
22
= 650−40−10−
2
= 589 mm
0.25 √ f ' c 1.4 bw d
fy fy
0.25 √ 30 1.4 (300)(565.5)
= (300)(565.5)≥
420 420
= 553.102 mm ≥ 565.5 mm
2 2
greater value
b −( 2 cc )−( 2 ds )−(nd)
n−1
300−( 2∗40 )−( 2∗10 )−(4∗22)
=
4−1
= 37.33 mm
≈ 40 mm
A s fy
 a= '
0.85 f c bw
1520.531(420)
=
0.85 (30)(300)
= 83.48
0.05 ( f 'c −28 )
 β 1=0.85−
7
0.05(30−28)
= 0.85−
7
= 0.84
a
 c=
β1
83.48
=
0.84
= 99.89
27
d−c
 ε s= (ε cu )
c
565.5−99 , 89
= (0.003)
99 ,89
= 0.014
 ε s >ε y
dt−c
 ε t= (ε cu)
c
589−99 , 89
= (0.003)
99 ,89
= 0.0147
 ε t >0.004
 Mn=A s fy d− ( ) a
2
(
= ( 1459.839 ) ( 420 ) 565.5−
84.48
2 )
= 334485118.9 Nmm
= 334.4851189 kNM
 ΦMn=0.9(Mn )
= 0.9∗(334.4851189 )
= 301.037 kNm
 ΦMn> Mu
 301.037 kNm > 270.39193 kNm
 Known:
 Vu = 19.0483 kN
 Calculations:
 Vc= √ c w
f ' (b )(d )
6
=
√ 30 (300)(565.5)
6
= 375.999 kN
 ΦVc=0.75( c w √'
f (b ) ( d )
)
6
= 0.75(375.999)
= 281.999 kN
 1/2(ΦVc )=(0.5)0.75( √f 'c ( b w ) ( d )

)
6
= 0.5(281.999)
= 140.999
28
 ΦVc >Vu
 d = 10 mm
 n=2
2
π (d )(n)
 A v=
4
2
π (10 )(2)
=
4
= 157.079 mm2
 0.33 ( √ f 'c ) ( b w ) ( d )=0.33 ( √ 30 ) ( 300 ) ( 565.5 )
= 306639 N
= 306.639 kN
 Sma x 1=d / 4
565.5
=
4
= 141.375 mm
16( Av)(fy)
 Sma x 2=
√ f 'c b w
16(306.639)(420)
=
√30 (300)
= 642.4 mm
3( Av)( fy)
 Sma x 3=
bw
3(306.639)(420)
=
(300)
= 659.73
 Main Beam B2
29
 Top Support Reinforcement
 Known:
 L = 7200 mm
 h = 600 mm
 b = 300 mm
 Ultimate moment of top support = -207.7852 kNm
 j = 0.925
 Calculations:
30
l
 b< +b w
8
7200
= b< +300
8
= 1200 mm
 b< 8 hf + bw +8 h f
= b< 8(140)+300+8 (140)
= 2540 mm
bnl bnr
 b< bw + +
2 2
7200 3000
= b< 300+ +
2 2
= 5400
= 600 – 90
= 510 mm
Mu
 As needed=
Φfyjd
207.7852 ( 106 )
=
0.9 ( 420 ) ( 0.925 ) ( 510 )
= 1165.228 mm2
 ε cu= 0.003
fy 420
 ε y= = =0.0021
EI 200000
π ( d2 )
4
2
π ( 19 )
=
4
= 283.53 mm2
As needed
Ast
1165.228
=
283.53
≈5
31
π ( d 2) n
 As design=
4
π ( 19 ) 5
2
=
4
= 1417.644 mm2
25
2
25
= 600−40−10−19−
2
= 518.5
d
2
19
= 600−40−10−
2
= 540.5 mm
0.25 √ f ' c 1.4 bw d
fy fy
0.25 √ 30 1.4 (300)(518.5)
= (300)(518.5)≥
420 420
= 507.13 mm ≥ 518.5 mm
2 2
greater value
b −( 2 cc )−( 2 ds )−(nd)
n−1
300−( 2∗40 )−( 2∗10 )−(5∗19)
=
5−1
= 26.25 mm
A s fy
 a= '
0.85 f c bw
1417.644(420)
=
0.85(30)(300)
= 77.83
0.05 ( f 'c −28 )
 β 1=0.85−
7
0.05(30−28)
= 0.85−
7
= 0.84
32
a
 c=
β1
77.83
=
0.84
= 93.13
d−c
 ε s= (ε cu )
c
518.5−93.13
= (0.003)
93.13
= 0.0137
 ε s >ε y
dt−c
 ε t= (ε cu)
c
540.5−93.13
= (0.003)
93.13
= 0.0144
 ε t >0.004
2
(
= ( 1417.644 )( 420 ) 518.5−
77.83
2 )
= 234706513.2 Nmm
= 234.7065132 kNM
 ΦMn=0.9(Mn )
= 0.9∗(234.7065132)
= 211.236 kNm
 ΦMn> Mu
 211.236 kNm > 207.7852 kNm
 Known:
 Mu = 67.641 kNm
 ε cu= 0.003
fy 420
 ε y= = =0.0021
EI 200000
 jd=0.925 (d )
33
= 0.925(518.5)
= 453.6875 mm
Mu
 As needed=
Φfyjd
67.641 ( 106 )
=
0.9 ( 420 ) (453.6875)
= 394.4223 mm2
π ( d2 )
4
2
π ( 19 )
=
4
= 283.53 mm2
As needed
Ast
394.4223
=
283.53
≈2
π ( d 2) n
 As design=
4
π ( 19 ) 2
2
=
4
= 567.057 mm2
0.25 √ f ' c 1.4 bw d
fy fy
0.25 √ 30 1.4 (300)(518.5)
= (300)(518.5)≥
420 420
= 507.13 mm ≥ 518.5 mm
2 2
greater value
b −( 2 cc )−( 2 ds )−(nd)
n−1
300−( 2∗40 )−( 2∗10 )−(2∗19)
=
2−1
= 26.25 mm
A s fy
 a= '
0.85 f c bw
567.057(420)
=
0.85(30)(300)
= 31.13
34
0.05 ( f c −28 )
'
 β 1=0.85−
7
0.05(30−28)
= 0.85−
7
= 0.84
a
 c=
β1
31.13
=
0.84
= 37.253
d−c
 ε s= (ε cu )
c
518.5−37.253
= (0.003)
37.253
= 0.03876
 ε s >ε y
dt−c
 ε t= (ε cu)
c
540.5−37.253
= (0.003)
37.253
= 0.0405
 ε t >0.004
 ( )
Mn=A s fy d−
a
2
= ( 567.057 )( 420 ) (518.5−

2 )
31.13
= 119780775.6 Nmm
= 119.7807756 kNM
 ΦMn=0.9(Mn )
= 0.9∗(119.7807756)
= 107.803 kNm
 ΦMn> Mu
 107.803 kNm > 67.641 kNm
 Known:
 Vu = 158.1886 kN
 Calculations:
35
 Vc=
√f '
(b w )(d )
c
6
=
√30 (300)(518.5)
6
= 360.035 kN
 ΦVc=0.75(
√
f 'c ( b w ) ( d )
)
6
= 0.75(360.035)
= 270.026 kN
 1/2(ΦVc )=(0.5)0.75(
√f '
c (bw ) ( d )
)
6
= 0.5(270.026)
= 135.013 kN
 ΦVc >Vu
 d = 10 mm
 n=2
2
π (d )(n)
 A v=
4
2
π (10 )(2)
=
4
= 157.079 mm2
 0.33 ( √ f 'c ) ( b w ) ( d )=0.33 ( √ 30 ) ( 300 ) ( 518.5 )
= 281154 N
= 281.154 kN
 Sma x 1=d / 4
518.5
=
4
= 129.625 mm
16( Av)(fy)
 Sma x 2=
√ f 'c b w
16(157.079)(420)
=
√30 (300)
= 642.4 mm
3( Av)(fy)
 Sma x 3=
bw
3(157.079)(420)
=
(300)
36
= 659.73
 Top Field Reinforcement
 Known:
 L = 7200 mm
 h = 600 mm
 b = 300 mm
 Ultimate moment of top field = 49.5938 kNm
 j = 0.925
 Calculations:
= 600 – 90
= 510 mm
 jd =0.925 ( 510 ) =446.25 mm
Mu
 As needed=
Φfyjd
49.5938 ( 10 6 )
=
0.9 ( 420 ) ( 0.925 ) ( 510 )
= 518.5 mm2
37
 ε cu= 0.003
fy 420
 ε y= = =0.0021
EI 200000
π ( d2 )
4
2
π ( 19 )
=
4
= 283.53 mm2
As needed
Ast
518.5
=
283.53
≈2
π ( d 2) n
 As design=
4
π ( 19 ) 2
2
=
4
= 567.057 mm2
25
2
25
= 600−40−10−19−
2
= 518.5
d
2
19
= 600−40−10−
2
= 540.5 mm
0.25 √ f ' c 1.4 bw d
fy fy
0.25 √ 30 1.4 (300)(518.5)
= (300)(518.5)≥
420 420
2
= 507.13 mm 518.5 mm≥ 2
greater value
b −( 2 cc )−( 2 ds )−(nd)
n−1
300−( 2∗40 )−( 2∗10 )−(2∗19)
=
2−1
= 162 mm
38
A s fy
 a= '
0.85 f c bw
567.057(420)
=
0.85(30)(300)
= 31.13
0.05 ( f 'c −28 )
 β 1=0.85−
7
0.05(30−28)
= 0.85−
7
= 0.84
a
 c=
β1
31.13
=
0.84
= 37.253
d−c
 ε s= (ε cu )
c
518.5−37.253
= (0.003)
37.253
= 0.388
 ε s >ε y
dt−c
 ε t= (ε cu)
c
540.5−37.253
= (0.003)
37.253
= 0.405
 ε t >0.004
 ( )
Mn=A s fy d−
a
2
= ( 567.057 )( 420 ) (518.5−

2 )
31.13
= 119780775.6 Nmm
= 119.7807756 kNM
 ΦMn=0.9(Mn )
= 0.9∗(119.7807756)
= 107.8 kNm
 ΦMn> Mu
 107.8 kNm > 49.5938 kNm
39
 Known:
 Mu = 155.7479 kNm
 ε cu= 0.003
fy 420
 ε y= = =0.0021
EI 200000
 jd=0.925 (d )
= 0.925(518.5)
= 479.6125 mm
Mu
 As needed=
Φfyjd
155.7479 ( 106 )
=
0.9 ( 420 ) (479.6125)
= 859.0925 mm2
π ( d2 )
4
2
π ( 19 )
=
4
= 283.53 mm2
As needed
Ast
859.0925
=
283.53
≈4
π ( d 2) n
 As design=
4
π ( 19 ) 4
2
=
4
= 1134.115 mm2
0.25 √ f ' c 1.4 bw d
fy fy
0.25 √ 30 1.4 (300)(518.5)
= (300)(518.5)≥
420 420
= 507.13 mm2 ≥ 518.5 mm2
greater value
40
b w −( 2 cc )−( 2 ds )−(nd)
 Distance Between Reinforcement (S)=
n−1
300−( 2∗40 )−( 2∗10 )−(4∗19)
=
4−1
= 41.33 mm
A s fy
 a= '
0.85 f c bw
1134.115(420)
=
0.85(30)(300)
= 62.265
0.05 ( f c −28 )
'
 β 1=0.85−
7
0.05(30−28)
= 0.85−
7
= 0.84
a
 c=
β1
62.265
=
0.84
= 74.51
d−c
 ε s= (ε cu )
c
518.5−74.51
= (0.003)
74.51
= 0.01788
 ε s >ε y
dt−c
 ε t= (ε cu)
c
540.5−74.51
= (0.003)
74.51
= 0.0188
 ε t >0.004
2
(
= ( 1134.115 ) ( 420 ) 518.5−
62.265
2 )
= 232146890.1 Nmm
= 232.1468901 kNM
 ΦMn=0.9(Mn )
= 0.9∗(232.1468901)
= 208.932 kNm
41
 ΦMn> Mu
 208.932 kNm > 155.7479 kNm
 Known:
 Vu = 50.4894 kN
 Calculations:
 Vc= √ c w
f ' (b )(d )
6
=
√30 (300)(518.5)
6
= 360.035 kN
 ΦVc=0.75( c w √ '
f (b ) ( d )
)
6
= 0.75(360.035)
= 270.026 kN
 1/2(ΦVc )=(0.5)0.75( c w √ f ' (b ) ( d )

)
6
= 0.5(270.026)
= 135.013 kN
 ΦVc >Vu
 d = 10 mm
 n=2
2
π (d )(n)
 A v=
4
2
π (10 )(2)
=
4
= 157.079 mm2
 0.33 ( √ f 'c ) ( b w ) ( d )=0.33 ( √ 30 ) ( 300 ) ( 518.5 )
= 281154 N
= 281.154 kN
 Sma x 1=d / 4
518.5
=
4
= 129.625 mm
42
16( Av)(fy)
 Sma x 2=
√f bw
'
c
16(157.079)(420)
=
√30 (300)
= 642.4 mm
3( Av)(fy)
 Sma x 3=
bw
3(157.079)(420)
=
(300)
= 659.73
 Main Beam B3
 Known:
 L = 3000 mm
 h = 650 mm
 b = 300 mm
 Main beam 3 is located between two main beam ones and therefore will adopt the
same height and base dimensions. Additionally, it will also use the same
reinforcement design due to the fact that the maximum moment that falls on the
span of both main beam one and main beam three is located on main beam one.
Secondary Beams
 Secondary Beam B4
 Known:
 h = 450 mm
 b = 200 mm
 The secondary beams of the structure is located between both main beam one and
main beam two. However, due to the smaller dimensions of the height and base of
the beam, secondary beams will adopt the reinforcement design of main beam two
because the design of the reinforcements are smaller than that of main beam one.
Additionally, the maximum moment that occurs on the secondary beams is very
minimal and is much smaller than that to either main beam one or two.
Concrete Columns
Exterior Columns
 Second Floor Columns
43
 Known:
 Length: 5500 mm
 b = 400 mm
 h = 400 mm
 Φ = 0.65
 Pu = 386.7034 kN
 Mu = 119.9855 kNm
 Ec =4700 √ f 'c =4700 √ 30=25742.96 MPa
 Βds = 0
 Number of Columns:
 Middle = 12
 Corner = 4
 Edge = 16
 Calculated Values:
 Column Dimensions:
1 3
 Ig= (b)(h )
12
1 3
= (400)(400 )
12
= 2133333333 mm4
 I g crack =0.7 ( Ig )
= 0.7 ¿ 2133333333)
= 1493333333 mm4
 l ubase= 1850 mm
 l u1=3850 mm
 l u2=4850 mm
44
 Beam Dimensions:
1 3
 Ig= (b)(h )
12
1 3
= (300)(600 )
12
= 6865625000 mm4
 I g crack =0.7 ( Ig )
= 0.7 ¿ 6865625000)
= 4805937500 mm4
 l u AB= 7400 mm
 l uCD =2600 mm
 Unbraced Calculations:
 Known:
 M1ns = 77.4559 kNm
 M2ns = 119.9855 kNm
 M1s = 68.6008 kNm
 M2s = 97.701 kNm
45
46
√
1 3
( )(b)(h )
 12
r=
bh
√
1
( )(400)(4003)
= 12
400∗400
= 115.47 mm
 Middle Column
EI
Σ( )
lc
 ΨA=
EI
Σ( )
lb
(Ec)(I g crack ) (Ec)(I g crack )
Σ(EI/lcolumn) ¿ + =17911502956
l u1 l u2
Σ(EI/lbeam) ¿ + =64303044594
l u AB lu BC
17911502956
 ΨA= =0.279
64303044594
EI
Σ( )
lc
 ΨB=
EI
Σ( )
lb
Σ(EI/lcolumn) ¿ + =30765051210
l u1 l u2
47
Σ(EI/lbeam) ¿ + =64303044594
l u AB lu BC
30765051210
 ΨB= =0.478
64303044594
 k = 1.12
klu 1.12(4850)
 = =47.043
r 115.47
klu
o <22
r
o The result for klu/r is greater than the limit of 22, therefore
the column is considered as an unbraced sway column.
 Σpu=Pu(nmiddle + () () 1
3
n corner +
2
n )
3 edge
= 386.7034 (12+ () () 1
3
4+
2
3
16)
= 2131424.719 N
= 213.1424719 kN
0.4 (lu base)(I g crack )
 E I eff =
1+ βds
0.4(1850)(1493333333)
=
1+0
= 1.1051x1012
48
2
π E I eff
 Pc= 2
( klu )
2
π 1.1051 x 10 12
=
( 5432 )2
= 4928416904 N
 Edge Column
EI
Σ( )
lc
 ΨA=
EI
Σ( )
lb
Σ(EI/lcolumn) ¿ + =17911502956
l u1 l u2
Σ(EI/lbeam) ¿ + =16718791595
l u AB lu BC
17911502956
 ΨA= =1.071
16718791595
EI
Σ( )
lc
 ΨB=
EI
Σ( )
lb
Σ(EI/lcolumn) ¿ + =30765051210
l u1 l u2
Σ(EI/lbeam) ¿ + =16718791595
l u AB lu BC
30765051210
 ΨB= =1.84
16718791595
49
 k = 1.42
klu 1.42(3850)
 = =47.345
r 115.47
klu
o <22
r
o The result for klu/r is greater than the limit of 22, therefore
the column is considered as an unbraced sway column.
 Σpu=Pu(nmiddle + () () 1
3
n corner +
2
n )
3 edge
= 386.7034 (12+ () () 1
3
4+
2
3
16)
= 2131424.719 N
= 213.1424719 kN
0.4 (lu base)(I g crack )
 E I eff =
1+ βds
0.4(1850)(1493333333)
=
1+0
= 1.1051x1012
2
π E I eff
 Pc= 2
( klu )
2
π 1.1051 x 10 12
=
( 5467 )2
= 4865514971 N
 Column Design
50
 ΣPc=P c middle + P c edge
= 4928416904 + 4865514971
= 9793931875 N
= 9793931.875 kN
ΣPu 2131424.719
 = =0.21763
ΣPc 9793931.875
1
Magnification Factor ( δ )=
 ΣPu
1−( )
0.75 ( ΣPc )
= 1.4088
 M 1=M 1 ns+ ( δM 1 s )
= 77.4559+ ( 1.4088∗68.6008 )
= 174.0998 kNm
 M 2=M 2 ns + ( δM 2 s )
= 119.9855+ ( 1.4088∗97.701 )
= 257.6254 kNm
 Reinforcement Calculation
 Ag=bh=400∗400=160000 m m2
 Pn=Pu/Φ
386.7034
=( )
0.65
= 594.928 kN
= 594928 N
 Mn=Mu /Φ
119.9855
=( )
0.65
= 184.5931 kNm
= 184593076.9 Nmm
 Rn= ( )(
Mn
Agh
=
184593076.9
160000∗400 )
=2.884 MPa
 Kn= ( )(
Pn
Agh
=
594928
160000∗400 )
=3.718 MPa
 ρ = 0.01
51
 Reinforcement Design
 Assumption: Diameter of reinforcement is 22 mm
 A sdesign =ρAg=0.01 ( 160000 )
= 1600 mm2
 Number of Reinforcements ( n )=( A s design / A reinforcement )
≈8
π (d2) n
 A sused=
4
π ( 22 ) 8
2
=
4
= 3041.062 mm2
o Asused > Asdesign
b −( 2 cc )−( 2 ds )−(nd)
 Distance Between Reinforcement (S)= w
n−1
400−( 2∗40 )−( 2∗10 )−(8∗22)
=
8−1
= 17.71 mm
π ( d 2) n
 A st =
4
π ( 22 ) 8
2
=
4
= 3041.062 mm2
'
 ΦPn=Φ (0.8)(0.85 (f c ) ( Ag−Ast ))+( Ast∗fy)
= 0.65( 0.8)(0.85(30) ( 160000−3041.062 ) )+(3041.062∗420)
52
= 2745443.395 N
= 274.5443395 kN
 Reinforcement Dimension = 8D22
 Stirrups Design
 Φ = 0.75
 D = 10 mm
 Pu = Vu = 386.7034 kN
d
 d=bw −cc−ds−( )
2
22
= 400−40−10−( )
2
= 339 mm
Pu ( 1000 )
14 ( Ag )
 Vc=1+( )
( )
√ c ( b w ) (d )
'
f
beam
6
386.7034 ( 1000 )
14 ( 160000 )
= 1+( )
( )
√30 ( 300 )( 339 )
6
= 16028.3 kN
 Φ Vc=0.75(Vc )
= 0.75(16028.3)
= 12021.22 kN
 0.5 Φ Vc=0.5 ( 12021.22 )=6010.612 kN
 Vn= ( )(
Vu
Φ
=
386.7034
0.75
=515.6045 kN)
( 2( √ f c )
)(
'
 V s maximum =( bw ) ( d ) )
3
=( ( 2 (√330) ) ( 400 )( 339 ))

= 495141.2 kN
 Vs=Vn−Vc=515.6045−386.7034=−15512.7 kN
π (d2) n
 A v=
4
π ( 10 ) 2
2
=
4
= 157.0795 mm2
53
16 ( Av ) Fyt
 Sma x 1= =481.8 mm
√f '
bw
c
3 ( Av ) Fyt
 Sma x 2= =494.8 mm
bw
 Sreq =min ⁡(16∗db , 48∗ds , min ( b , h ))=352 mm
o Smax that will be used will be the least or lowest value and
will be rounded to the nearest lowest hundredth
 Stirrups Dimension = 2D10-300
Interior Columns
Concrete Slabs
Second Floor Slab
Roof Floor Slab
Concrete Foundation
Two types of load combinations were used to calculate the resultant force in the Z
axis to allow the analysis of the concrete foundations. The two load combinations were
1DL+1LL and 1.2DL+1.6LL. The two are compared where the load combination with the
largest Fz was used in the calculation of the design of the concrete foundations.
 Known:
 Fz = 809.5263 kN (1DL+1LL)
 Fz = 1071.6198 kN (1.2DL+1.6LL)
 Ultimate Bearing Capacity (qs) = 1.7 kN/m2
 Specific Weight (𝛾s) = 17.5 kN/m3
 Allowable Stress (σt) = 1.95 kg/cm2 = 191.295 kN/m2
 Φ = 0.75
 Soil Calculations:
2
 q s ( tot )=qs + ( Df ∗γs )=1.7+ ( 2.5∗17.5 )=45.45 kN /m
2
 σ t nett =σ t−q s ( tot )=191.295−45.45=145.845 kN /m
 Foundation Dimension Calculations:
PU 2
 A f = σ t =1071.6198 m
nett
 B=√ A=2.711
 Bused = 3 m
 Aused = 9 m2
54
PU 2
 qu= =119.0689 kN /m
A used
 Foundation Design Calculations:
 Assumptions:
 h = 400 mm
 cc = 75 mm
 d = 16 mm
 Calculations:
 d ' =cc+ d=91 mm
 d=dt=h−d ' =309 mm
 b w =B (1000 )=3000 mm
 One Way Shear Calculations:
( )(
√f '
 V c=
c
bw ) ( d ) =846231.351 N
6
 Φ V c =0.75 ( V c )=634673.514 N
 Φ V c =634.673514 k N
 V u=qu ( B ) (( B2 )−( 2000

c 1
)−( 1000
d
))=353.992 kN
 Vu < ΦVc
 Two Way Shear Calculations:
 Known:
 βc=max
(( ) ( ))
c1 c2
,
c2 c1
=1
 αs=40
 Calculations:
 bo=2 ( c 1+ d ) +2 ( c 2+ d )=2836 mm
 V c 1= 1+
( ( )) ( √ )( (
2
βc
'
fc
bo )( d )
6 )
=2399912.11 N
(( ) )( (√ )
f c ) ( bo ) ( d )
'
αs(d)
 V c 2= +2 =2543207.29 N
bo 12
 ( √ )( ( )( ) )
V c 1= f 'c
bo d
3
=1599941.41 N
 Vc=min ( V c 1 , V c 2 , V c 3 )=V c 3=1599941.41 N
55
 Φ V c =0.75 ( V c )=1199956.06 N
 Φ V c =1199.956 kN
 ( (
V u=qu ( B ) B−
( c1 +d ) ( c 2 +d )
1000∗1000 )) =892.0588 kN
o Vu < ΦVc
 Reinforcement Design Calculations:
( ) (( ) ( )) =301.8396 kNm=301839577 Nmm

2
qu B c1
 M u= (B ) −
2 2 2000
 Φ = 0.75
 j = 0.925
 A s=
( Φ (fyM)(u jd) )=2793.728 mm 2
A s fy
 a= '
=15.338
0.85 f c bw
 jd =d − ( a2 )=301.331
Mn 2
 As design= =2649.968 m m
Φ ( fy ) ( jd )
0.0018(420)
 ρminimum= =0.0018
fy
2
 A sminimum=ρ ( b )( h )=2160 m m
2
 A sused=Max ( A s design , A sminimum ) =A s design=2649.968 m m
 Reinforcement Design d = 16 mm
2
πd 2
 Ab= =201.0619 m m
4
As
 Number of Reinforcement ( n )= ≈14
Ab
b
 Smax= =214.286 ≈200 mm
n
 Reinforcement Dimension = D16-200
 Momen Design and Moment Check
 A s=n ( Ab )=2814.867 m m2
A s fy
 a= '
=15. 454
0.85 f c bw
a
 c= =18.492
β1
56
dt−c
 ε t=
c
( ε cu ) =0.047
 ( ) a
Mn=As fy d− =356178139 Nmm
2
 Φ Mn=0.9 ( Mn )=320560325 Nmm=320560.325 kNm
 Mu < ΦMn
Structure Serviceability
 Maximum Allowable Deflection = L/240
 Calculations:
l 7800
 Beam 1 ¿ = =32.5 mm
240 240
l 7200
 Beam 2 ¿ = =30 mm
240 240
l 3000
 Beam 3 ¿ = =12.5 mm
240 240
 Therefore, the maximum allowable deflection is 12.5 mm
57
 The maximum deflection of the structure is located on a secondary beam, where
the maximum deflection of the whole structure is 7.114 mm. Considering the fact
that the maximum deflection of the structure is less than the maximum allowable
deflection of the structure, the structure passes the serviceability standard.
58

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FINAL REPORT

Sami Haidar Moeljawan

 Structure Usage: Small Shop (Ruko)

First Floor Column

Second Floor Column

The summarized loading configuration for the structure is below.

Spektrum Respon Desain

 Risk Category of Structure

Structure Modeling Details

 Top Support Reinforcement

= ( 1326.62 ) ( 420 ) ( 565.5−

= ( 760.265 ) ( 420 ) (565.5−

 Bottom Field Reinforcement

 1/2(ΦVc )=(0.5)0.75( √f 'c ( b w ) ( d )

= ( 567.057 )( 420 ) (518.5−

= ( 567.057 )( 420 ) (518.5−

 1/2(ΦVc )=(0.5)0.75( c w √ f ' (b ) ( d )

=( ( 2 (√330) ) ( 400 )( 339 ))

 V u=qu ( B ) (( B2 )−( 2000

 Vc=min ( V c 1 , V c 2 , V c 3 )=V c 3=1599941.41 N

( ) (( ) ( )) =301.8396 kNm=301839577 Nmm

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