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Final Revision Annotated Bibliography
Final Revision Annotated Bibliography
Lorenzo Luna
ENGL 1302-231
9 February 2024
Beilder, Erica, et al. “Going Beyond the State Law: Investigation of High School Sports-Related
Concussion Protocols.” The Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 57, no. 1, 2022, pp. 32-43.
Beilder, et al. starts off by going into depths of why and how concussions suffered at the
high school level have long term detrimental effects on the youth. Beilder, et al. identifies
sports related concussion as (SRC) from this point forward bringing up that technology
that helps in regards diagnosis in recovery and detectability has advanced. The
advancement of said technology is leading to more diagnosis in the high school level and
led to a law being created in 2009 according to Beilder, et al. The law started in
Washington, but since then had a multitude of states following and eventually leading the
whole United States to having laws related to (SRC) in some way or another. Beilder, et
al. includes a graph to showcase the differences between public and private schools in
regards to the amount of concussions suffered and how many are covered by sports
insurance (36). There is a notable difference between public and private schools as
private schools tend to enroll less kids compared to public schools and are privately
funded as opposed to the opposite. I believe this can help further my research as a
multitude of athletes that suffer concussions later on in life come from a majority of
Men’s and Women’s Collegiate Sports.” Journal of Athletic Training, vol. 57, no. 7,
Bretzin, et al. makes the arguments that there are timelines in regards to SRC that
differ based on gender. This article in particular really focuses on collegiate athletes
as opposed to the professional or high school levels. The median amount of time for man
is 8 days as opposed to a woman which is 9 days (678). However, within this window,
a student athlete can return faster to their academics as opposed to athletics to not further
injury to the athlete. Participation can restart towards the 12th day without contact, but if
symptoms still appear, then they are still sidelined until their clear protocol. Having a
sense of a timeline furthers my knowledge upon SRC as I can better grasp the severity
of the injury as well as understanding the situation is equal and fluidity is needed.
Bunt, C. Stephen, et al. “Resilience and recovery from sports related concussions in adolescents
and young adults.” Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology”, vol. 43, no.
Bunt, et al. points out that society is getting more involved with sports starting at a
younger age. The ages ranging from 15-24 have increased by up to 25.9% a younger
age. The ages ranging from 15-24 have increased by up to 25.9% since 2003 (1). With the
influx in kids participating also leads to more SRC in the youth with can pose detrimental
effects in the future. This could not only affect their future in regards to being a
professional athlete, but in general just their well being in regards to their normal
everyday civilian life. A graph is included in that showcases patients and their histories of
illnesses and past disorders which show a direct reflection when they suffered a SRC (4).
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This benefits my research as it only further proves that the youth is suffering from SRC in
the modern day as technology is increasing and the participation in sports tends to grow.
Ellington, J. Chase, et al. “Alteration in Baroreflex Sensitivity and Blood Pressure Variability
Following Sport-Related Concussion.” Life, vol. 12, no.1,400, 2022, pp. 1-6. EBSCO
https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091400
Ellington opens up this article by stating blood cycles can be directly associated with
concussions after the fact (6). The test has people sitting 5 days after suffering their
injury doing breathing exercises while their vitals and blood pressure is analyzed
closely. This all correlates to the brain where blood is pumped to and from and
this is crucial evidence as the whole purpose of concussions is that the brain is
directly affected and it can stunt you in the long run. Brain trauma can be
directly impacted by the blood flow and how little or too much oxygen is being
received. With these tests, doctors can better prevent a second incident from
happening again (5). This adds an untraditional test or variable to my study as I would
not associate this simple “test” or metric to be anything more than just a small exercise.
Concussion and ACLReconstruction: A Pilot Study.” Journal of Sports Behavior, vol. 46,
Gray, et al. opens up this article by stating that concussions as well as ACL tears are
Becoming more and more popular due just the evolution of sports and ability to diagnose
these health concerns. This can lead individuals who partake in sports more vulnerable to
other lingering problems and probable future health risks (30). This is similar to a chain
type reaction, and it’s not so black and white. Gray includes a chart of all demographics
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to further find the root of the problem, and in summary, means that there is an underling
“string” that follows you throughout your life that can determine the severity of future
injuries if you were to re-injury yourself in any way. This was always a small assumption
of mine that it was similar to a “domino effect”, but to actually get confirmation upon my
Hardesty, Kelly, et al. “Treatment of non sports related concussions in adolescents following an
irritability algorithmic approach: a case series.” Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, vol.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2020.1855683
Hardesty, et al. states that cost for post concussion treatments is rising due to the increase
of concussions a year (1570). Treatment has also doubled for individuals under the age of
19 which correlates with the already rising risk of individuals obtaining a concussion in
contact sports. There were a multitude of tests done on individuals that had obtained
concussions from sports compared to those who received them in other ways in this case
a motorcycle accident (1571). It was proven the sports related cases are more at risk of a
re-injury due to the need of them returning to their respective sport. When they re-enter
their sport they seriously pose a health risk if they weren’t cleared properly by a medical
official. Compare this to the motorcycle accident, it’s not as likely to happen again as
opposed to an athlete who returns to the sole thing that caused them an injury in the first
place. This further aids my research due to knowing concussions are more likely to recur
when you eventually go back to the cause of the accident as opposed to being a freak of
nature accident.
Henke, D. Ryan, et al. “Does Early Low-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Hasten Recovery in
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Henke, et al. argues that aerobic activity can play a part in recovery in regards to SRC.
The two subjects tested on were athletes and non-athletes and they were given the same
variables and circumstances were consistent throughout (248). Contrary to popular belief,
the “4 week” recovery period in which you shouldn’t be attempting physical activity is
false as this aerobic exercise can actually prove beneficial. Improve blood flow and
increase of oxygen to the brain proved beneficial to the athletes in particular as their body
has been through more turmoil compared to the average person. Henke, et al concludes
aerobic activity should be encouraged in small increments as there can always be “too
much of a good thing (249). In regards to recovery I did always wonder what could be
done besides “resting”, so being able to backpocket this knowledge is truly beneficial
Musko, Patryk, and Andreas K. Demetriades. “Are Sex Differences in Collegiate and High
Brain Sciences, vol. 13, no. 1310, 2023, pp. 1-18. EBSCO,
https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13091310
Musko and Demetriades delve into the topics of gender differences and how it relates to
concussion suffered in sports. In this article, sports related concussion is also referred to
as (SRC) as the previous (1). Musko and Demtriades argue that with the increasing
involvement of women in sports, they are also more susceptible to SRC as opposed to
their male counterparts (1). Most of the trauma is induced from soccer related injuries
and they suffer a multitude of side effects including loss of sleep, headaches, migraines,
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and the ability to recover from SRC. A table is included with various sports and how
there is a difference in the amount of SRC’s that women suffer from as opposed to men
(4). Sports like football, rugby, hockey, and male dominated fields have a very small
number of women suffering from SRC due to a small number of women participating in
said sports. Sports shared more widely by both genders such as soccer, softball, and
swimming have women exceeding the average number of SRC (4). This greatly helps my
research as I believe that when people associate concussions in athletes, I believe they
always greatly overlook women’s involvement in the sports world due to the bigger view
Tsur, Atzmon, and Avi Ohry. “Sports-related concussions and strangulation.” Health, Sports and
and Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 24, no. 1, 2023, pp. 27-31. EBSCO,
https://doi.org/10.26659/pm3.2023.24.1.27
Tsur and Ohry open up the article by defining what a concussion and strangulation is
(27). As we are familiar with what the term concussion or SRC by now, Tsur and Ohry
also mention strangulation. Strangulation is not so common in sports like football, soccer,
baseball, etc, but is common in sports such as judo and wrestling. It involved cutaway of
oxygen to the brain in hopes of making your opponent pass out. Kids and adolescents are
more at risk for severe head damage to their head being undeveloped which further
proves all the other studies' claim (28). Tsur and Ohry also state concussion recovery
period should be two weeks before an athlete can return to action while kids should wait
up to four weeks (29). Post-traumatic syndrome may arise after recovering from a
concussion as a side effect after obtaining a SRC. This enhances my knowledge on the
topic as I now have a recovery timeline and get further confirmation about the effects of
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Walker, Daniel, et al. “Developing a simple risk metric for the effect of sports-related concussion
and physical pain on mental health.” Plos One, vol. 18, no. 10, 2023, pp. 1-12. EBSCO
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292751
Walker, et al. goes into explanation by saying that besides the physical impact you feel
from SRC, there is also the mental aspect associated with it. In today’s day and age of
mental health awareness, this should not be overlooked as mental health is just as
important as being physically healthy. A survey was created called the “Center for
suffered from SRC in the past (1). An overwhelming majority came back with
depression compared to men despite competing in less contact sports (2). Walker, et al.
going into depth that the creation of the survey was in order to help society with their
decisions to participate in sports and to also consider the mental side effects that might
also appear with time. Without a doubt, my research can benefit from this article because
I feel like society just views these athletes as just machines and forget that first and