1 Abandon /əˈbæn.dən/ to leave a place, thing, or person, usually We had to abandon the car. for ever 2 Absence /ˈæb.səns/ the fact of not being where you are usually A new manager was appointed in her expected to be absence. 3 Encounter /ɪnˈkaʊn.tər/ a meeting, especially one that happens by I had a strange encounter with a French chance man on my way to work. 4 Efficient /ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/ working or operating quickly and effectively The city's transport system is one of the in an organized way most efficient in Europe. 5 Generous /ˈdʒen.ər.əs/ willing to give money, help, kindness, etc., She's been very generous with her time. especially more than is usual or expected 6 Immigrant /ˈɪm.ɪ.ɡrənt/ a person who has come to a different It is a large immigrant population. country in order to live there permanently 7 Forsake /fɔːˈseɪk/ to stop doing or having something He decided to forsake politics for journalism. 8 Academic /ˌæk.əˈdem.ɪk/ used to describe someone who is clever and I was never a particularly academic child. enjoys studying 9 Accidental /ˌæk.sɪˈden.təl/ happening or existing by chance The site was located after the accidental discovery of bones in a field. 10 Barrier /ˈbær.i.ər/ anything that prevents people from being Despite the language barrier, they soon together or understanding each other became good friends. 11 Bargain /ˈbɑː.ɡɪn/ something on sale at a lower price than its The airline regularly offers last-minute true value bookings at bargain prices. 12 Characteristic /ˌkær.ək.təˈrɪs.tɪk/ a typical or noticeable quality of someone or Unfortunately a big nose is a family something characteristic. 13 Commercial /kəˈmɜː.ʃəl/ used for selling goods or providing services His company deals in both residential and for money, rather than for personal use commercial property. 14 Concentration /ˌkɒn.sənˈtreɪ.ʃən/ the ability to think carefully about something There was a look of intense concentration you are doing and nothing else on her face. 15 Deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.ər.ət/ to think or talk seriously and carefully about The jury took five days to deliberate on the something case. 16 Embarrass /ɪmˈbær.əs/ to cause someone to feel nervous, worried, I didn't want to embarrass her in front of her or uncomfortable friends. 17 Encouragement /ɪnˈkʌr.ɪdʒ.mənt/ words or behaviour that give someone Children need lots of encouragement from confidence to do something their parents. 18 Enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuː.zi.æz.əm/ a feeling of energetic interest in a particular After the accident he lost his enthusiasm for subject or activity and an eagerness to be the sport. involved in it 19 Genuine /ˈdʒen.ju.ɪn/ real and exactly what it appears to be If it is a genuine Michelangelo drawing, it will sell for millions. 20 Guarantee /ˌɡær.ənˈtiː/ a promise that something will be done or will The TV comes with/has a two-year happen, especially a written promise by a guarantee. company to repair or change a product that develops a fault within a particular period of time 21 Impression /ɪmˈpreʃ.ən/ an idea or opinion of what something or When I first met him I got/had the someone is like impression that he was a shy sort of person. 22 Intelligence /ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒəns/ the ability to learn, understand, and make It's the intelligence of her writing that judgments or have opinions that are based impresses me. on reason 23 Judgement /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ a decision or opinion about someone or I have absolute faith in her judgment. something that you form after thinking carefully 24 Manufacturer /ˌmæn.jə a company that produces goods in large Follow the instructions provided by the ˈfæk.tʃər.ər/ numbers manufacturer. 25 Measurement /ˈmeʒ.ə.mənt/ a value, discovered by measuring, that What is your inside leg measurement? corresponds to the size, shape, quality, etc. of something 26 Military /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tər.i/ relating to or belonging to the armed forces The minister argued against making cuts in military spending. 27 Muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/ one of many tissues in the body that can These exercises build muscle and increase tighten and relax to produce movement stamina. 28 Necessary /ˈnes.ə.ser.i/ needed in order to achieve a particular result He lacks the necessary skills for the job. 29 Poison /ˈpɔɪ.zən/ a substance that can make people or The pest control officer put bowls of rat animals ill or kill them if they eat or drink it poison in the attic. 30 Pretend /prɪˈtend/ to behave as if something is true when you Of course I was angry - I can't pretend know that it is not. otherwise. 31 Publicity /pʌbˈlɪs.ə.ti/ the activity of making certain that someone The enormous publicity surrounding the or something attracts a lot of interest or case will make it very difficult to hold a fair attention from many people, or the attention trial. received as a result of this activity 32 Release /rɪˈliːs/ to give freedom or free movement to He was released from prison after serving someone or something two years of a five-year sentence. 33 Reverse /rɪˈvɜːs/ to drive a vehicle backwards She reversed the car into the parking space. 34 Ruin /ˈruː.ɪn/ to spoil or destroy something completely Her injury ruined her chances of winning the race. 35 Shallow /ˈʃæl.əʊ/ having only a short distance from the top to The stream was fairly shallow so we were the bottom able to walk across it. 36 Treatment /ˈtriːt.mənt/ the use of drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a Perhaps it's time to try a new course of person of an illness or injury treatment. 37 Variation /ˌveə.riˈeɪ.ʃən/ a change in amount or level The medical tests showed some variation in the baby's heart rate. 38 Virtually /ˈvɜː.tʃu.ə.li/ using computer technology over the internet, Nowadays all these things can be and not involving people physically going experienced virtually. somewhere 39 Whistle /ˈwɪs.əl/ to make a high sound by forcing air through He whistled as he worked. a small hole or passage, especially through the lips 40 Wound /wuːnd/ a damaged area of the body, such as a cut The wound in his leg made it hard for him or hole in the skin or flesh made by a to move. weapon 41 Resource /rɪˈzɔːs/ /ˈriː.sɔːs/ to provide an organization or department The school must be properly resourced with with money or equipment musical instruments and audio equipment. 42 Particular /pəˈtɪk.jə.lər/ special, or this and not any other She wanted a particular type of cactus. 43 Irritating /ˈɪr.ɪ.teɪ.tɪŋ/ making you feel annoyed An irritating habit 44 Interrupt /ˌɪn.təˈrʌpt/ to stop a person from speaking for a short Please feel free to interrupt me if you don't period by something you say or do understand anything. 45 Insurance /ɪnˈʃɔː.rəns/ an agreement in which you pay a company I'll need to take out extra car insurance for money and they pay your costs if you have another driver. an accident, injury 46 Honour /ˈɒn.ər/ a quality that combines respect, being We fought for the honour of our country. proud, and honesty 47 Hesitate /ˈhez.ɪ.teɪt/ to pause before you do or say something, Should you ever need anything, please often because you are uncertain or nervous don't hesitate to contact me. about it 48 Distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ to notice or understand the difference It's important to distinguish between between two things, or to make one person business and pleasure. or thing seem different from another 49 Discipline /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/ the ability to control yourself or other people, The new teacher had failed to enforce any even in difficult situations sort of discipline. 50 Acknowledge /əkˈnɒl.ɪdʒ/ to accept, admit, or recognize something, or Historians generally acknowledge her as a the truth or existence of something genius in her field. 51 Advocate /ˈæd.və.keɪt/ to publicly support or suggest an idea, I would advocate a system that is fair to development, or way of doing something everyone. 52 Aloof /əˈluːf/ not friendly or willing to take part in thingsShe seemed rather aloof when in fact she was just shy. 53 Colonel /ˈkɜː.nəl/ an officer of high rank in the army or air The latter posting as an aide to a colonel force was secured by a personal friend. 54 Hoarse /hɔːs/ having a rough voice, often because of a She sounded a bit hoarse. sore throat or a cold 55 Knead /niːd/ to press something, especially a mixture for Knead the dough until smooth. making bread, firmly and repeatedly with the hands and fingers 56 Exaggerate /ɪɡˈzædʒ.ə.reɪt/ to make something seem larger, more Don't exaggerate - it wasn't that expensive. important, better, or worse than it really is 57 Innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ the creating and use of new ideas or He says he wants to stimulate creativity and methods innovation. 58 Overwhelming /ˌəʊ.vəˈwel.mɪŋ/ very great or very large An overwhelming majority has voted in favour of the proposal. 59 Utilise /ˈjuː.təl.aɪz/ to use something in an effective way The vitamins come in a form that is easily utilized by the body. 60 Transformation /ˌtræns.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/ a complete change in the appearance or Have you seen the transformation of our character of something or someone, garden? especially so that that thing or person is improved