Department Of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

OPEN ENDED LAB

Course Title : EEE 4828

Course Code : Measurement and Instrumentation Sessional

Submitted To
Engr. M. Tanvirul Hoque
Lecturer, Dept. of EEE

Submitted By
Name : Mohin Uddin

ID No. : ET201040
Semester : 8th
Section : 8A
Email : et201040@ugrad.iiuc.ac.bd
Date of Experiment: / / 2024
Date of Submission: 1 / 5 / 2024 Remarks :

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL. No Topics Page no

1 Introduction 1
2 Objectives 2
3 Principle of methodology 3
4 Components required 3
5 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 4-5
6 Circuit diagram 5-6
7 PROGRAM 7-9
8 WORKING 9
9 RESULT AND ANALYSIS 10
10 Proteus simulation 10
11 DRAWBACKS 10
12 CONCLUSION 11

INTRODUCTION

The “Smart Exam Room Security and Energy Management System with Environmental
Comfort Enhancement” project is a creative initiative that combines advanced sensor
technologies to create a home environment that is secure, energy-efficient, and comfortable. It
is a necessity in our fast-developing technological world, where smart systems are more than
a convenience for our exam room. This project uses a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor as its core,
which improves security by sensing motion and counting the number of people. This helps in
protecting your home and also in monitoring and managing the room occupancy. To tackle the
increasing need for sustainable living, our project uses Light-Dependent Resistors (LDRs) to
control electricity usage. These sensors change the lighting conditions based on the natural
light levels, ensuring that energy is saved and electricity bills are reduced. Moreover, to
improve the living quality, we use Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) temperature
sensors that adjust the room temperature, ensuring a cozy and comfortable environment for all
residents. This project aims to offer a complete solution that not only improves security but
also supports a sustainable and comfortable living environment. It is an investigation into the
smart homes of the future, where technology works smoothly to make our lives safer, more
energy-efficient, and more comfortable.

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OBJECTIVES

The objectives are---

1. Implement a system that monitors room access and alerts the chairman when
someone enters or leaves.

2. Maintain the room temperature within a specified range (between 24°C and 27°C).

3. Optimize energy usage for lighting.

PRINCIPLE OR METHODOLOGY

The Project working principle is based on PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor, LDR (Light
Dependent Resistor) and also NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) used in the
following circuit. This Project is used to identify and indicate an increase in temperature
beyond a certain value (temperature of an enclosed area) & also Usable for Security and
Counting System. All Systems essentially operate on the same principle. If a detector
detects heat, or someone operates a break glass unit, then Fan/AC operate to cool the room
& the other sensors work for security (When someone enters the exam room) and counting
system (Detects How many Students are in the Room). A thermistor is an inexpensive and
easily obtainable temperature sensitive resistor, thermistor working principle is its
resistance depends upon the temperature. When temperature changes, the resistance of the
thermistor changes in a predictable way. The benefits of using a thermistor are accuracy
and stability.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

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Serial no Components Quantity

1 Breadboard 1

2 NTC Thermistor (10K) 1

3 Resistors (100,10k) 4

4 Buzzer 1

5 PIR sensor 3

6 Red LED 1

7 LCD display 1

8 Potentiometer 1

9 Wires As needed

10 Arduino 1

11 Fan 1

12 LDR 1

13 Mosfet (IRFZ44N) 1

14 Battery(9v) 1

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 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

Bread board: A breadboard allows for easy and quick creation of

temporary electronic circuits or to carry out experiments with circuit
design. Breadboards enable developers to easily connect components or
wires thanks to the rows and columns of internally connected spring clips
underneath the perforated plastic enclosure.
Fig 1: breadboard

NTC Thermistor: NTC thermistors are resistors with a negative temperature

coefficient, which means that the resistance decreases with increasing temperature.
They are primarily used as resistive temperature sensors and current-limiting devices.

Fig 2: thermistor
Resistor: A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the
flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used
to provide a specific voltage for an active device such as a transistor.
Fig 3: Resistor

Buzzer: A buzzer is understood as a device that creates an audible tone under the
influence of an applied external voltage. This output may either be in the form of a
buzzing or a beeping sound.
Fig 4: Buzzer

PIR Sensor: PIR (passive infrared) sensors utilize the detection of infrared that
is radiated from all objects that emit heat. This type of emission is not visible to
the human eye, but sensors that operate using infrared wavelengths can detect
such activity.

Fig 5: PIR sensor

LCD Display: A 16×2 LCD display is a liquid crystal display that can show
16 characters in each of its two rows, providing a total of 32 characters of
information. It's commonly used to display alphanumeric information in
various electronic devices.

Fig 6: LED Display

Potentiometer: A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or

rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals
are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat.
Fig 7: Potentiometer

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Arduino Uno: Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board
(often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE
(Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to
write and upload computer code to the physical board.
Fig 8: Arduino

LDR: A photoresistor (also known as a photocell, or light-dependent resistor, LDR,

or photo-conductive cell) is a passive component that decreases in resistance as a
result of increasing luminosity (light) on its sensitive surface, in other words, it
exhibits photoconductivity.
Fig 9: LDR

Mosfet: The IRFZ44N MOSFET has a maximum drain-source voltage (Vds) of 55V,
a maximum drain current (Id) of 48A, and a maximum power dissipation (Pd) of
625W. It is capable of fast switching speeds and low on-resistance, making it a
popular choice for high-power switching applications.
Fig 10: Mosfet

Simulation Circuit Diagram

Fig 11: Schematic circuit diagram

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Program:

#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(9,8,4,5,6,7); //Liquid
cricstal object

int in = 11;
int out = 12;
int roomLight=13;
int buzzer = 10;
int relay = 2;

int count = 0;
int newCount = 0;
float degreesC = 0;
void IN()
{
count++; lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Persons:");
lcd.setCursor(10,0);
lcd.print(count);
delay(1000);
}

void OUT()
{
count--; lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Persons:");
lcd.setCursor(10,0);
lcd.print(count);
delay(1000);
}

void Temp()
{
float voltage = analogRead(A5) *
0.004882841;
degreesC = (voltage - 0.5) * 100.0;
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Room Temp:");
lcd.setCursor(11, 1);
lcd.print(degreesC);
delay(1500);

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}

void setup()
{
lcd.begin(16,2);
lcd.print("Exam Controlroom ");
delay(1000);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Mohin");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("ID ET201040");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("People Counter");
delay(900);
pinMode(in, INPUT);
pinMode(out, INPUT);
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
pinMode(relay, OUTPUT);
pinMode(roomLight, OUTPUT);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Persons:");
lcd.setCursor(10,0);
lcd.print(count);
}

void loop()
{

if(digitalRead(in))
IN();
Temp();
if(digitalRead(out))
OUT();

if(degreesC>=28)
{
digitalWrite(relay, HIGH);
delay(20000);
}
else
digitalWrite(relay, LOW)

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 if(count > newCount)
{
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
delay(2000);
newCount=count;
}
if(count > 0)
{
digitalWrite(roomLight, HIGH);
}
if (count <= 0)
{
lcd.clear(); digitalWrite(buzzer,
LOW); digitalWrite(relay,
LOW);
digitalWrite(roomLight,LOW);

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Nobody In Room");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Lights Off");
delay(1000);
}

else
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
digitalWrite(relay, LOW);
}

WORKING PRINCIPLE
The working principle of this project revolves around the seamless integration of PIR, LDR,
and NTC sensors into a cohesive smart Exam room system. PIR sensors detect motion,
triggering security alerts and occupancy counting. LDR sensors manage lighting by adjusting
it based on ambient light levels, ensuring energy efficiency. NTC temperature sensors regulate
room temperature, optimizing comfort. These sensors provide real-time data, which is
processed and analyzed to make informed decisions. Automation routines adapt to changing
conditions and user preferences, minimizing human intervention. Users interact with the system
through an intuitive interface. Data analysis generates insights, allowing homeowners to reduce
energy consumption and enhance security. The system is scalable for future expansion and
encourages sustainability by promoting responsible energy use and comfort in the smart home
environment.

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RESULT AND ANALYSIS:
The project successfully integrated PIR, LDR, and NTC sensors for security, energy
management, and comfort in a smart Exam Room. The PIR sensor effectively detected
motion, the LDR sensor optimized lighting, and the NTC sensor regulated room temperature.
The system reduced energy costs, enhanced security, and improved comfort. Data analysis
showed a significant decrease in energy consumption, with increased security and a more
comfortable living environment. Users could conveniently control and monitor the system
through a user-friendly interface. Overall, the project achieved its objectives of creating a
multifunctional and efficient smart home system.

PROTEUS SIMULATION:

Fig 12: Proteus Simulation

DRAWBACKS:
• Initial Cost: Setting up the system can be expensive due to the cost of sensors
and automation components.
• Complexity: Integrating multiple sensors and automation routines can be
technically challenging.
• Maintenance: Regular maintenance and updates may be required to ensure the
system's reliability.
• Dependency on Sensors: Malfunction or damage to any sensor could disrupt
system functionality.
• Privacy Concerns: Security features may raise privacy concerns, such as capturing
personal data.

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CONCLUSION:

The “Smart Exam Room Security & Energy Management System” implemented using PIR
sensors, TMP36 temperature sensors, and LDR sensors offers several valuable features. Let’s
summarize the key points:

1. Access Monitoring and Alert System:

o The PIR sensor acts as a motion detector, monitoring entries and exits from the
exam control room.
o Real-time alerts are sent to the chairman’s room, allowing immediate observation
of any unauthorized access.
o The display provides a count of people inside the room, enhancing security.
2. Temperature Control for AC:
o The TMP36 sensor continuously monitors the room temperature.
o If the temperature exceeds 27°C, the fan is activated to maintain a comfortable
environment.
o Conversely, when the temperature drops below 26°C, the fan remains off to
conserve energy.
3. Energy-Efficient Lighting:
o The LDR sensor detects ambient light levels.
o Artificial lighting (e.g., LED bulbs) is activated only when natural daylight is
insufficient.
o This approach minimizes energy consumption during daytime hours.
4. Considerations and Future Improvements:
o While the system enhances security and energy efficiency, it also introduces
complexity and maintenance requirements.
o Cost-effectiveness and privacy concerns should be carefully evaluated.
o User education and training are essential for optimal system utilization.
o Future versions could explore additional features, such as adaptive lighting based
on occupancy and predictive temperature control.

In summary, this system contributes to sustainability by intelligently managing resources while

ensuring a secure and comfortable environment for exam control.

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