The Economic Impact of the New Manila International Airport" by Raul V. Fabella.

This

paper discusses the potential economic impact of the new airport, including its impact on

GDP, employment, and investment. It also provides a cost-benefit analysis of the project,

taking into account its construction, operation, and maintenance costs.

 "Bulacan International Airport: A Comprehensive Analysis" by John Paolo R. Rivera

(2023). This study state a comprehensive analysis of the new airport project, including

its location, design, capacity, and financing. It also discusses the potential benefits and

challenges of the project, as well as its impact on the local community and the

environment.

1. Location: The new airport is located in the coastal areas of Bulacan, a province

north of Manila, and is expected to be more accessible and efficient than the

current Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA).

2. Design: The airport will have two parallel runways, a passenger terminal building,

and other supporting facilities.

3. Capacity: The new airport is expected to have an initial capacity of 35 million

passengers per year, which will eventually increase to 100 million passengers per

year upon full completion.

 4. Financing: The airport will be financed through a public-private partnership (PPP)

between the Philippine government and a consortium of private companies, with

the private sector responsible for the design, construction, operation, and

maintenance of the airport.

The benefits and challenges

Benefits: The new airport is expected to improve the country's aviation infrastructure,

reduce congestion at NAIA, and provide better connectivity to the Philippines. It is also

expected to create jobs, stimulate economic growth, and attract investment.

Challenges: The project faces several challenges, including potential delays, cost

overruns, and environmental concerns. The airport's location in Bulacan may also impact

the local community, including the displacement of residents and the potential impact on

agriculture and fisheries.

Environmental impact: The airport's construction and operation may have a significant

impact on the environment, including air and noise pollution, habitat destruction, and
 water resource depletion. The article recommends the implementation of measures to

mitigate these impacts, such as the use of renewable energy, the preservation of natural

habitats, and the implementation of noise reduction measures.

 "Assessing the Environmental Impact of the New Manila International Airport" by Maria

Lourdes S. Montevirgen. This paper examines the potential environmental impact of the

new airport, including its impact on air quality, noise levels, and biodiversity. It also

provides recommendations for mitigating these impacts and ensuring sustainable

development.

1. Air quality: The operation of the new airport may contribute to air pollution,

particularly due to aircraft emissions and ground transportation. The paper

recommends the implementation of measures to reduce emissions, such as the use

of cleaner fuels, the implementation of emissions standards, and the promotion of

public transportation.

2. Noise levels: The operation of the new airport may also lead to increased noise

levels, particularly due to aircraft takeoff and landing. The paper recommends the

implementation of noise reduction measures, such as the use of quieter aircraft,

the implementation of noise abatement procedures, and the establishment of noise

limits.

3. Biodiversity: The construction of the new airport may impact local biodiversity,

particularly due to habitat destruction and fragmentation. The paper recommends

 the implementation of measures to preserve and enhance biodiversity, such as the

restoration of degraded habitats, the establishment of wildlife corridors, and the

implementation of environmental impact assessments.

 "The New Manila International Airport: A Comparative Analysis with Other Airports in

the Region" by Jerome T. Cayabyab. This study compares the new airport with other

airports in the region, including those in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Kuala Lumpur. It

analyzes their design, capacity, and services, and provides insights on how the new

airport can compete and excel in the region.

1. Design: The study compares the design of the new airport with other airports in

the region, highlighting its modular design and its potential for future expansion.

The study also notes that the new airport will have two parallel runways, which

will allow for more efficient operations and reduce delays.

2. Capacity: The study compares the capacity of the new airport with other airports

in the region, noting that it will have an initial capacity of 35 million passengers

per year, which will eventually increase to 100 million passengers per year upon

full completion. This is comparable to the capacity of other major airports in the

region, such as Changi Airport in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur International

Airport.

3. Services: The study compares the services offered by the new airport with other

airports in the region, noting that it will offer a range of services, including retail,

food and beverage, and other amenities. The study also notes that the new airport
 will have a focus on sustainability, with measures such as the use of renewable

energy and the implementation of waste management systems.

 "The Economic Impact of the New Manila International Airport" by Raul V. Fabella.

This paper discusses the potential economic impact of the new airport, including its

impact on GDP, employment, and investment. It also provides a cost-benefit analysis of

the project, taking into account its construction, operation, and maintenance costs.

GDP: The paper estimates that the new airport will contribute approximately PHP1.5

trillion ($28.5 billion) to the country's GDP over the next 40 years. This is based on the

assumption that the airport will attract new businesses, stimulate tourism, and create jobs.

Employment: The paper estimates that the new airport will generate up to 30 million jobs

over the next 40 years. This includes direct and indirect jobs, such as those in

construction, operations, and support services.


 Investment: The paper notes that the new airport will attract significant investment, both

from the private sector and from foreign investors. This investment is expected to

contribute to economic growth and development in the region.

The paper also provides a cost-benefit analysis of the project, taking into account its

construction, operation, and maintenance costs. Here are some specific examples:

Construction costs: The paper estimates that the construction of the new airport will cost

approximately PHP735 billion ($14 billion). This includes the cost of land acquisition,

infrastructure development, and construction of the terminal and support facilities.

Operation and maintenance costs: The paper estimates that the operation and

maintenance of the new airport will cost approximately PHP100 billion ($1.9 billion) per

year. This includes the cost of staffing, utilities, and maintenance of the facilities.

Benefits: The paper notes that the benefits of the new airport, such as increased tourism,

job creation, and investment, will far outweigh the costs. The paper also notes that the

new airport will provide a significant boost to the country's aviation industry, which is

expected to grow in the coming years.