9

Science
Quarter 4 - Week 7 - Module 7:
Electricity

AIRs - LM
Science 9
Quarter 4 - Week 7 - Module 7: Electricity
First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Edmond A. Ramirez, Master Teacher I

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

 Target

In this module, you will explain how electrical energy is generated,

transmitted, and distributed.
To help you understand the module, you will be doing the following activities:

Activity 1: Uses of Electricity

Activity 2: Generation, Transmission, and Distribution of Electricity Cryptogram
Activity 3: Tracing Power
Activity 4: Venn Diagram for Power Sources
Activity 5: Transporting Electricity
Activity 6: Block Diagram of Power System

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

Explain how electrical energy is generated, transmitted, and

distributed. (S9FE- IVh- js- 46)

Specifically, the activities will enable you to:

• enumerate the basic uses of electricity in our daily life;

• compare and contrast renewable and non-renewable sources of electrical
power;
• trace the path of electricity from the generating station, transmission station,
and residential areas;
• describe the energy transmission and distribution from a power station to the
community;
• differentiate between a step-up transformer and a step- down transformer;
• identify specific areas where step- up transformers and step- down
transformers are utilized.
Pre-Test
Multiple Choice: Read and answer the questions in the best way you can. Write the
letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the standard voltage in households in the Philippines?

A. 210 V B. 220 V
C. 230 V D. 240 V

2. By which of the following method in which electric power may be transmitted from
one location to another location?
A. Overhead system B. Substation
C. Underground system D. Both A and C

3. Name the cable or conductor which connects the distributor to the consumer
terminals.
A. Distributor B. Feeders
C. Service Mains D. Transmission

4. Which of the following are not used for the transmission and distribution of
electrical power?
A. Aluminum B. Copper C. Steel D. Tungsten

5. Transmission efficiency increases as ______________.

A. voltage and power factor both increase
B. voltage and power factor both decrease
C. voltage increases but power factor decreases
D. voltage decreases but power factor increases

6. What happens to the voltage that travels from the source to the consumers?
A. The voltage of is constant.
B. The transformer raises the voltage so it can travel long distances.
C. The voltage is stepped- up for transmission and stepped -down before being
distributed to households.
D. The voltage is stepped- down for transmission and stepped -up before being
distributed to households.

7. Which of the following transmission line have more initial cost?

A. Overhead Transmission C. Substation
C. Terminal Lines D. Underground Transmission

8. What is the biggest source of energy in the Philippines?

A. Coal B. Geothermal C. Natural Gas D. Solar

9. Why do we transmit electricity at high voltages?

A. To increase efficiency B. To lower the resistance losses
C. To maintain the flow of current D. Both A and C
10. What is meant by transmission line?
A. It is the final stage in the delivery of electric power.
B. A line of electric power from the generating substation to the various
distribution units.
C. A complex network of electrical lines that dynamically responds to shifts in
electrical supply and demand.
D. Where the voltage is stepped down from 11 kV to 415/ 240 V by service
transformer banks.

11. He generated electricity by moving a loop of wire between the poles of a

magnet.
A. Benjamin Franklin B. Joseph Priestley
C. Michael Faraday D. Thomas Edison

12. Which of the following is the CORRECT order of electrical power system
components?
A. Distribution System - Generation Station - Transmission System
B. Generation Station - Transmission System - Distribution System
C. Transmission System - Generation Station - Distribution System
D. Transmission System - Distribution System - Generation Station

13. Transformers are used to raise the voltage along substation and lower it for
residential consumption. What kind of transformers are used to raise the
voltage?
A. Step -up B. Step -down C. Feeders D. Service Mains

____ 14. What energy transformation takes place in a generator?

A. Electrical to mechanical B. Heat to mechanical
C. Mechanical to electrical D. Chemical to mechanical

____ 15. In which of the following units is electrical consumption measured by

electric companies for our household consumption in our homes?
A. Kilowatt B. Volt C. Megawatt D. Kilowatt hour
 Jumpstart
We use electricity constantly in our daily lives. It is one of the most
important types of power and energy that we use. To make things operate, electrical
energy must be emitted or generated from energy sources such as power plants and
transmitted to the distribution lines to houses, which enable an object to consume
the power it needs to function. As a result, the electrical energy permits people to
watch television in their home, or purchase hot coffee from vending machine because
the electrical energy is available.

Can you enumerate the different uses of electricity in our daily life based on
the diagram?

Figure 1: https://i.pinimg.com/originals/19/34/1a/19341a6346624efe7c755cb7ce299bb6.jpg

Activity 1:
Uses of Electricity
1.

2.

3.

4.
Uses of 5.
Electricity In Our
Daily Life 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.
 Discover

Electricity Generation, Transmission, and Distribution

The fundamental principles of electricity generation were discovered in the

1820’s by British scientist Michael Faraday. He generated electricity by moving a
loop of wire between the poles of a magnet. This method is still used today. Modern
power plants generate electricity in a variety of ways. It is most often generated by
heat engines fueled or powered by burning fossils fuels or radioactive elements, but
it can also be generated by water, wind, solar and geothermal power.
Electricity is generated at power plants and moves through a complex called
Grid. The electrical Grid is a complex network of electrical generators, transmission
and distribution lines that dynamically responds to shifts in electrical supply and
demand to make sure electricity is always supplied reliably.

Figure 2: https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/electricity/delivery-to-consumers.php
Generating Stations:

Commonly used power plants are:

⚫ Thermal Power Plant

⚫ Nuclear Power Plant

⚫ Hydro Power Plant

⚫ Gas Turbine Power Plant

⚫ Combined Cycle Power Plant

The maximum generated voltage in power station are 11 kV.

In addition, there are two major categories of energy sources: renewable and
non-renewable.

Non-renewable energy resources are available in limited supplies, usually

because they take a long time to replenish. The advantage of these non-renewable
resources is that power plants that use them are able to produce more power on
demand. The non-renewable energy resources are coal, nuclear, oil, natural gas.
Renewable resources, on the other hand, replenish themselves. The five major
renewable energy resources are solar, wind, water/Hydro, Biomass, and Geothermal
While renewable energy resources have the advantage of unlimited supply over
the long haul, they are limited in their availability at any given moment.
For example, the sun rises each day, but its ability to generate power is limited
when its cloudy. Another disadvantage is that power plant operators can’t crank up
renewable energy production when people are consuming more power, such as on a
hot day when many people are running air conditioners at the same time.
Transmission System:

Electric power transmission is the bulk transfer of energy from generating

plants to electric sub-stations located near demand centers. Transmission system is
classified into:

Primary Transmission Lines-carries 220-765 kV, where the voltage is stepped

up from 11 kV supplied be generating station to 220kV using transformers.

Secondary Transmission Lines- carries 33 kV, where the voltage is stepped

down from 220 kV to 33 kV by secondary transmission substation.

Figure 3: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electric_power/illustrated_glossary/transmission_lines.html

The types of transmission lines are:

1. Overhead Transmission Lines: easier to repair if damaged, they are not restricted
by landscape, maintenance cost is higher, less public safety, they can be operated
up to 400 kV or higher.
2. Underground Transmission Lines: common in populated areas, less visibility. less
affected by hard weather, cost of insulated cable and excavation is higher, less
working voltage (limited to 66 kV).
3. Sub transmission Lines carried voltages reduced from the major line system.
Typically, 34.5 kV to 69 kV, this power is sent to regional distribution substations.
Sometimes the sub transmission voltage is tapped along the way for use in industrial
or large commercial operations, some utilities categorize these as transmission lines.
 Substation is a power transmission system at which electric power is
transformed to a conveniently used form. Its main function is to receive energy
transmitted at high voltage from generating station by either step- up or step-down
to a value appropriate for local use and provide facilities for switching.

Distribution System
It is the final stage in the delivery of electric power. It carries electricity from
the transmission system to individual consumers. It is a part between distribution
substations and consumers. Classified into:
Primary Distribution Lines- carry medium voltage (11 kV), where the voltage
is stepped down from 33 kV to 11 kV by distribution substations transformer-
supplied to commercial and industrial consumers.
Secondary Distribution Lines- carry low voltage (415 /250 V)- where the
voltage is stepped down from 11 kV to 415/ 240 V by service transformer banks-
supplied to commercial and residential.

Distribution system is divided into:

Feeders- is a conductor which connects the substation to the area where power is to
be distributed. No tapping is taken to the consumers from feeders, so the current in
it remains the same throughout.
Distributor- are conductors from which numerous tapping from the pole mounted
transformer is taken from the supply to the consumers. The current through it is not
constant because tapping are taken at various places along its length and voltage
drop is main consideration.
Service Mains- is a smaller cable which connects the distributor to the consumer
meter.
 Explore
ACTIVITY 2:

Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electricity

Cryptogram

Materials: Activity sheet, Ballpen

Procedure: Unscramble the words by placing the correct letter in the boxes. Use the
numbered boxes to complete the answer for the two riddles.

Riddle: #1 Referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or

generating plant, is an individual facility for the generation of electric power.

#2 Devices which convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.

1 DEFEESR F 4 E D

2 TAGEVOL V 2 L G

3 DRIG 11 R D

4 WEROP 1 O 3 R

5 TIONSUBSTAS S U 6 T T O N

6 NILES 9 N S

7 TORTRIBUDIS D I 5 I T O R

8 MERSSUCON O 10 S M E S

9 FORTRANMERS T R 8 S F E R

10 RCURENT U R R N 7

#1 Answer: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 9 2 10

#2 Answer:

11 4 10 4 5 8 7 2 5 6
 ACTIVITY 3: Tracing Power

Materials: Activity sheet, Ballpen

Procedure: Carefully analyze the pictures, and match them to the descriptions by
writing the letter of the correct answer on another sheet of paper.

A. D.

B. E.

C. F.

Source: https://assets.new.siemens.com/siemens/assets/api/uuid:692addfc-d92c-4397-b8b1-
c0a3d9a32601/energy-farm-ks3-student-worksheets-25sept2019.pdf

1. Steam is generated in the power plant by the burning of fossil fuels or by nuclear
fission or geothermal energy.

2. The steam powers a turbine which spins a huge magnet inside a copper wire. Heat
energy converts to mechanical energy which then converts to electrical energy in
the generator.
3. Electricity flows from the power plant through wires to the step up transformer.
The transformer raises the voltage so it can travel long distances- it is raised to as
high as 756,000 volts.

4. The electric current then runs through the power lines to the substation
transformer where voltage is lowered to between 2,000 and 13,000 volts.

5. Electricity is then taken through the lines to a pole transformer-or a transformer

box if underground- and voltage is lowered again to 120 or 220 or 240 volts.

6. From there, electricity comes into your home through a service box, where your
meter is located to measure how much you use. Wires take electricity around your
home, powering your lights and all your electrical appliances.

For item 7 to 10, answer the questions based on the activity.

7. What are the different stations in the transmission of energy?

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________

8. What do you notice about the size of the transmission lines as it reaches the
consumers?
_____________________________________________________________________

9. Does the size of wires and cables used matter in energy transmission? __________

__________________________________________________________________________________

10. What happens to the voltage that travels from the source to the consumers?
______________________________________________________________________
 ACTIVITY 4: Venn Diagram for Power Sources

Materials: Activity sheet, Ballpen

Procedure: Use the Venn Diagram to show the difference and similarities of
RENEWABLE SOURCES and NON RENEWABLE SOURCES of energy for electrical
power. Select your answer from the box below.

May not be replenished by nature or take long geological time to be formed again

Replenished by nature in a short period of time

Available continuously

Resources are exhausted after use

Examples are solar, wind, water/hydro, biomass, and geothermal

Examples are coal, nuclear, oil, natural gas

Both types of usable energy sources found in nature

Gives us power and produce electricity

Uses sustainable practices

Most of the time gives pollutants and not eco-friendly

Renewable Non-Renewable
 Deepen
ACTIVITY 5: Transporting Electricity

Materials: Activity sheet, Ballpen

Procedure: A. Explain what each of the components numbered below does to get
electricity from the generator to the consumer.

Figure 4: https://issuu.com/theneedproject/docs/intermediateinfobookactivities/50

Components Function

1. Power Plant

2. Step-up Transformer

3. Transmission Line

4. Power Tower

5. Step-down Transformer

6. Distribution Line

7. Neighborhood Transformer

B.Differentiate Step-up transformer from Step-down transformer (8-10).

Figure 5: https://kids.britannica.com/students/assembly/view/53257
 ACTIVITY 6: Block Diagram of Power System

Materials: Activity sheet, Ballpen

Procedure: Part A. Write the correct term/s in each block to show how electricity
is transmitted and distributed. Use the word bank below.

Load Center Generating System

Distribution System Transmission System Residential

1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

Part B. Explain how electrical energy is generated, transmitted, and distributed

using the the diagram below.

Figure 6: https://e2e.ti.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-blogs-components-weblogfiles/00-00-00-04-
89/picture2_5F00_blog2.png

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
 Gauge

Part 1. TRUE/FALSE Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Write

TRUE if the statement is correct, and FALSE if not. Use another sheet of paper
for your answer.
1. Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electric power, it
carries electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers.

2. Power Plants in general, use generators to convert kinetic energy into heat energy.

3. Transmission Line helps in the movement of electricity from a power plant or power
station to the various substations whereas the Distribution Line carries electricity
from the substation to the consumer’s end.

4. A step- down transformer reduces the voltage to 200 V, the standard AC voltage
in the Philippines.

5. Feeders are conductors from which numerous tapping from the pole mounted
transformer is taken for the supply to the consumers.

Part 2. Read carefully the statements below. If the statement pertains to

Generating Station write G, T for Transmission System and D for
Distribution System. Write the correct letter on another sheet of paper.

6. The “Interstate Highway” of electricity delivery. It refers to the part of electricity

delivery that moves bulk electricity from the generation sites over long distances
to substations closer to areas of demand for electricity.

7. Simply the combination of a potential or stored energy converter providing kinetic

energy, which in turn, creates electricity.

8. The sequential flow of procedures, systems, and activities which are designed and
linked to facilitate and monitor the movement of goods and services from the
source to the consumer.

9. Generally treated as heat engines to convert heat input into work, hence to
produce electricity at a sustained rate. Heat input is supplied by burning fossil
fuels (coal, oil, and natural) and biomass, or processing nuclear fuel, or harvesting
thermal energy.

10. It is the final stage in the delivery of electric power. It has Service Mains, a
smaller cable which connects the distributor to the consumer meter.
Part 3. Choose he letter of the correct and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

11. He generated electricity by moving a loop of wire between the poles of a

magnet.
B. Benjamin Franklin B. Joseph Priestley
C. Michael Faraday D. Thomas Edison

12. Which of the following is the CORRECT order of electrical power system
components?
E. Distribution System - Generation Station - Transmission System
F. Generation Station - Transmission System - Distribution System
G. Transmission System - Generation Station - Distribution System
H. Transmission System - Distribution System - Generation Station

13. Transformers are used to raise the voltage along substation and lower it for
residential consumption. What kind of transformers are used to raise the
voltage?
B. Step -up B. Step -down C. Feeders D. Service Mains

____ 14. What energy transformation takes place in a generator?

B. Electrical to mechanical B. Heat to mechanical
C. Mechanical to electrical D. Chemical to mechanical

____ 15. In which of the following units is electrical consumption measured by

electric companies for our household consumption in our homes?
B. Kilowatt B. Volt C. Megawatt D. Kilowatt hour
Pre-Test
1. B 6. C 11. C
2. D 7. D 12. B
3. C 8. A 13. A
4. D 9. A 14. C
5. A 10. B 15. D
Activity 1: Uses of Electricity
“Answers Varied”
Activity 2: Generation, Transmission and Distribution Cryptogram
1. FEEDERS 6. LINES
2. VOLTAGE 7. DISTRIBUTOR
3. GRID 8. CONSUMERS
4. POWER 9. TRANSFORMER
5. SUBSTATION 10. CURRENT
Riddle #1: Power Station
Riddle #2: Generators
Activity 3: Tracing Power
1. A 2. F 3. B 4. D 5. E 6. C
7. Electricity is produced in the power plants, transmitted at high current and
voltage in transmission substations, passed through the distribution
substations, then finally distributed to business and residential areas.
8. Transmission lines have a greater cross-sectional area to allow a large amount
of current to pass through. Having a large cross section also reduces the
resistance, lessening transmission loss. The residential wiring have much
smaller cross-sectional area.
9. Yes, it ensures safety in the entire network system and reduces transmission
losses.
10. The voltage is stepped- up for transmission and stepped- down before being
distributed to the households.
Key to Answers
Activity 4: Venn Diagram for Power Sources
RENEWABLE NON RENEWABLE
➢ Replenished by nature in a short period ➢ May not be replenished by nature or
of time. take long geological time to be
➢ Available continuously. formed again.
➢ Examples are solar, wind, water/hydro, ➢ Resources are exhausted after use.
biomass, and geothermal. ➢ Examples are coal, nuclear, oil,
➢ Uses sustainable practices. natural gas.
➢ Most of the time gives pollutants
and not eco-friendly.
Similarities
➢ Both types of usable energy sources
found in nature.
➢ Gives us power and produce electricity.
Activity 5: Transporting Electricity
Components Function
1. Power Plant Generates electricity
2. Step-up Transformer Increase voltage to reduce transmission loss
3. Transmission Line Transport high voltage electricity over long distances
4. Power Tower Carries or holds transmission lines
5. Step-down Transformer Lowers voltage for smaller distribution lines
6. Distribution Line Carries lower voltage electricity to homes and
businesses
7. Neighborhood Lowers voltage to an amount that can be safety used by
Transformer appliances in homes and businesses.
8-10. A transformer that increases the voltage from primary to secondary is called step-
up transformer. Conversely, a transformer designed to do just the opposite is called a
step- down transformer.
Gauge
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
1. True 6. T 11. C
2. True 7. G 12. B
3. True 8. D 13. A
4. False 9. G 14. C
5. True 10. D 15. D
Activity 6: Block Diagram of Power System
Part A.
1. Load Center
2. Generating System
3. Distribution System
4. Transmission System
5. Residential
Part B. Electricity is made at a generating station by huge generators.
The electrical charge goes through high-voltage transmission lines that stretch
across the country. It reaches a substation, where the voltage is lowered so it can
be sent on smaller power lines. It travels through distribution lines to houses or
consumers.
References

Learner’s Module, K-12 Grade 9 Science (Fourth Quarter, Science 9).

Exploring Life through Science Series. 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City. Phoenix
Pub. House Inc., 2018.

Essential Atlas of Physical Geography. Parramon’s Editorial Team. Barron’s

Educational Series, Inc. 2006.

Earth and Life Sciences. 856 Nicanor Reyes Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila. Rex Book
Store, Inc. 2016.

https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/en/edu-system/primary-
secondary/applicable-to-secondary/moi/support-and-resources/science-
education-secondary-1-to

https://assets.new.siemens.com/siemens/assets/api/uuid:692addfc-d92c-4397-
b8b1-c0a3d9a32601/energy-farm-ks3-student-worksheets-25sept2019.pdf

https://openei.org/w/images/d/d9/An_Introduction_to_Electric_Power_Transmiss
ion_Presentation.pdf

https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/books-and-
guides/electricity-generation-t-d

https://www.energex.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/359317/Safety-
Heroes-Electrical-Safety-Lesson-Book-Yr-6-2v19.pdf