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Trends in Mathematics
Sergei Rogosin
Ahmet Okay Çelebi
Editors
Analysis as
a Life
Dedicated to Heinrich Begehr on the
Occasion of his 80th Birthday
Trends in Mathematics
Trends in Mathematics is a series devoted to the publication of volumes arising
from conferences and lecture series focusing on a particular topic from any area of
mathematics. Its aim is to make current developments available to the community as
rapidly as possible without compromise to quality and to archive these for reference.
Proposals for volumes can be submitted using the Online Book Project Submission
Form at our website www.birkhauser-science.com.
All contributions should undergo a reviewing process similar to that carried out by
journals and be checked for correct use of language which, as a rule, is English.
Articles without proofs, or which do not contain any significantly new results,
should be rejected. High quality survey papers, however, are welcome.
Analysis as a Life
Dedicated to Heinrich Begehr on the
Occasion of his 80th Birthday
Editors
Sergei Rogosin Ahmet Okay Çelebi
Department of Economics Mathematics Department
Belarusian State University Yeditepe University
Minsk, Belarus Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
This book is published under the imprint Birkhäuser, www.birkhauser-science.com by the registered
company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
The book contains several important research contributions from the different
branches of analysis. These papers are combined due to the common idea. The
authors express their gratitude to Professor Heinrich Begehr for his help in their
research career and dedicate articles to Begehr’s 80th birthday.
Scientific achievements by Prof. H. Begehr are well known (see a short biograph-
ical paper below as well as the paper Vaitekhovich T.: Heinrich Begehr: Citation for
his 70th birthday, Analysis, v. 30 (1), pp. 1–26).
More important for analytic society is his numerous collaborations with people
all around the world. Many mathematicians from different countries are thankful to
him for the role he played in their scientific life.
Professor H. Begehr is known also for his initiatives. Among them is his role in
the creation and further development of the International Society for Analysis, its
Applications and Computation (ISAAC).
With this volume the colleagues and friends of Professor Heinrich Begehr would
like to thank him and wish to have a long life in analysis.
v
Analysis as a Life: To the 80th Birthday
of Professor H. Begehr
Professor Heinrich Gottfried Werner Begehr has celebrated his 80th birthday a few
months earlier than this book is appeared. We would like to present here a few
biographic data and briefly describe his research career. Also we have given some
reminiscence about his life. More information can be found at Prof. H.Begehr’s
web-site at FU-Berlin: http://page.mi.fu-berlin.de/begehrh/.
He was born in Halle/ Germany on April 17, 1939. He has obtained his M.Sc.
degree in Freie Universtität (FU) Berlin in 1966. He has completed his Dr. rer.
Nat. degree in 1968 under the supervision of Professor Alexander Dinghas and
his habilitation in 1970 (just in 2 years) in FU Berlin. He worked as a Professor
in FU from 1970 to 2004, that is, until the date he is retired. In 1972 he has been
elected as the Director of I. Math. Inst. FU Berlin. He held this position with some
interruptions, for about 18 years.
In 1975 Professor R. P. Gilbert visited Hahn-Meitner Institute in Berlin by an
Alexander von Humboldt award for a semester. During this period Professor Begehr
and Professor Gilbert have interchanged many ideas. This cooperation have ended
up with many joint papers, the book project “Transformations, Transmutations, and
Kernel Functions” composed of two volumes, together with the first steps towards
the foundation of the journal “Complex Analysis, Theory and Applications”. Later
the name of this journal has evolved as “Complex Variables and Elliptic Equations”.
The next important outcome of this cooperation was founding the “International
Society for Analysis, its Applications and Computation (ISAAC)”. This society
was founded in 1995. The sequence of International ISAAC Congress’s, which are
held in every 2 years, has started in 1997 at the University of Delaware. He was
the secretary and treasurer of newly founded ISAAC. In 2001, Professor Begehr
was the first elected president of the Society. The other presidents were Man Wah
Wong (2005–2009), Michael Ruzhansky (2009–2013), Luigi Rodino (2013–2017)
and Michael Reissig (2017–). After 2005 he was secretary and treasurer until the
elections in 2017. ISAAC has supported more than 35 conferences all around the
world, besides 11 ISAAC Congresses.
Begehr’s first book with title “Topics in complex analysis: Four lectures given at
the University of Delaware in January and February 1977” has appeared in 1977.
vii
viii Analysis as a Life: To the 80th Birthday of Professor H. Begehr
Now he has seven published books. He was one of the editors of 10 proceedings of
the ISAAC congresses. He has translated or edited 30 books.
He is the co-editor of
– Berliner Studienreihe zur Mathematik, Heldermann Verlag, since 2004; (together
with R. Gorenflo).
– Series on Analysis, Applications and Computation, World Scientific, since 2005;
(together with R. P. Gilbert, M. W. Wong).
– Complex Variables and Elliptic Equations, Taylor and Francis, since 2008; (senior
editor together with M. Lanza de Cristoforis and A. Pankov)
He is also in the editorial board of the following journals and series of
monographs:
– Complex Variables and Elliptic Equations, since 1982; Taylor and Francis,
– Monograph and Surveys in Pure and Applied Mathematics, since 1997; Chapman
and Hall/CRC-Press,
– Research Notes in Mathematics, since 1997; Chapman and Hall/CRC-Press,
– International Society of Analysis, its Applications and Computation, during
1997–2004; Kluwer Academic publisher,
– General Mathematics, since 2001; Lucian Blaga, Univ. of Sibiu, Romania,
– Journal of Applied Functional Analysis, since 2004; NOVA Publ.,
– Journal of Analysis and Applications, since 2005; SAS Intern. Publ.,
– Advances in Algebra and Analysis, since 2005; Urmi Scientific Vision,
– International Journal of Mathematics and Applications (IJMA), since 2005;
Global Research Publications Serials, India
– International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences (IJMMS), since
2006; Hindawi Publ.,
– Advances in Pure and Applied Mathematics, since 2008; Hedermann Verlag,
Lemgo.
He has been invited to many foreign universities as “Guest Professor” and “Guest
Research Professor”. He is a member of the following academic societies:
– Berlin Mathematical Society, since 1984;
– International Society of Analysis, its Applications and Computation, since 1996;
– Member of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Armenian Branch, since 2002;
– Member of European Acad. Sci., since 2004;
– Foreign Member of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, since 2003;
– Honorary Member of Europaische Akad. Naturwiss. in Hanover, since 2003.
The number of his research papers are more than 180. He is a very productive Ph.D.
adviser. He has advised at least 26 students from nine different countries. He was a
devoted teacher and continued to hold the weekly seminars after his retirement, too.
Lastly, tracing his research papers and books, anybody can observe that Heinrich
Begehr is an excellent co-worker.
Analysis as a Life: To the 80th Birthday of Professor H. Begehr ix
We are sure that his contributions to complex partial differential equations and
generally to the world of Mathematics will continue through himself and his 26
students.
Minsk, Belarus Sergei Rogosin
Istanbul, Turkey Ahmet Okay Çelebi
Berlin 2001
Ankara 2007
Analysis as a Life: To the 80th Birthday of Professor H. Begehr xi
Ankara 2007
Moscow 2011
xii Analysis as a Life: To the 80th Birthday of Professor H. Begehr
Krakow 2013
xiv Analysis as a Life: To the 80th Birthday of Professor H. Begehr
Krakow 2013
Macao 2015
Analysis as a Life: To the 80th Birthday of Professor H. Begehr xv
Heinrich Begehr and Okay Çelebi at the ISSAC 2017 in Växjö, Sweden
Jan Begehr
xvi Analysis as a Life: To the 80th Birthday of Professor H. Begehr
Heinrich Begehr
Catania 2005
Graz 1997
Few Stories from the Scientific Life
of Professor Heinrich Begehr
Heinrich was visiting me at my beach house. The wind was very heavy as was the
ocean. We decided to go swimming anyway. The water was too rough for me so
I headed back to shore after a while. Heinrich continued to swim on. When I was
on land the waves had gotten really rough and I started to worry about Heinrich. I
became really worried that he might drown and did not know what to do. I could
not see him because of the high waves. Some sailors came to shore and I asked
had they seen someone swimming; they said yes he was still swimming out to sea.
Eventually, when I had given up hope, Heinrich steps out of the sea. It seems he had
wanted to swim to one of the control lights, which is a good swim in calm water but
unbelievable in the rough sea we were experiencing now.
Newark, DE, USA Robert Gilbert
I hope all is fine and well in Berlin, or wherever your travels have happened to take
you at the moment. It saddens me to realize it must already be 12 years since we
met last—on the conference in Shantou, China, where I remember that unhappy
baywatch when he realized that he cannot stop you from swimming about 1 km
further out than permitted!
Prague, Czech Republic Miroslav Englis
I would like to recall a very important phase in our relationship with Heinrich, which
represents him not only as a great scientist, but a high-quality person.
In 1991 Heinrich together with the world’s best mathematicians arrived in Tbilisi
for the symposium dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Niko Muskhelishvili. This
was the time of high fulfillment for Georgia: we declared independence, elected our
first president, set on to building the free, democratic society. The guests met with
the president and returned home impressed with the encounter. At home they were
hosted by Giorgi Manjavidze, I have wonderful memories of these days. . .
Sadly, Georgia had to face some hard times soon after that, legitimately appointed
president was overthrown by the communist junta, a period of real hardship was
xix
xx Few Stories from the Scientific Lifeof Professor Heinrich Begehr
underway. This period lasted long, nothing positive could be seen on the horizon.
When Heinrich learned that our family was also experiencing difficulties, and shy
to offer direct help to my father, he came up with an idea to support us in a very
delicate way: an offer to the young people in the Complex Analysis group, to form
a scholarship team. This was the first scientific scholarship possibility in Georgia.
I will never forget how caring Heinrich was towards our group and especially to
me, after my father’s death. Without his corrections and advice, it would have been
impossible for us to publish articles or to participate in conferences and congresses.
He empowered us to lead my father’s way and the traditions of Complex Analysis
that had rich history in Georgia.
Tbilisi, Georgia Nino Manjavidze
This story happened in winter 2001 at the Conference AMADE in Minsk. It is well-
known that Heinrich Begehr prefers the sport style of life, practically does not drink
alcohol.
At AMADE-2001 we organized an excursion to Khatyn’, the memorial complex
dedicated to villages burned by fascists together with people lived in these villages.
The complex was built in the following manner: an empty well and a bell are built
on the place of each burned house of the Khatyn’ village. Winter 2001 in Minsk was
fairly cold and snowy. In these circumstances the bells sounded especially eerie and
impressive.
When participants of the Conference returned to the bus, there was rather long
silence. Then Heinrich said “give me a glass of vodka. . .” For him as a German it
was even harder than for all others.
Minsk, Belarus Sergei Rogosin
When I was working on my PHD with Professor Haack at the TU-Berlin, I was
interested in getting the book on Potential Theory by Josip Plemelj which was in the
library of Professor A. Dinghas at the Free University Berlin. Professor Dinghas was
a not simple person and usually did not lend any of his books in particular to some
guy from the TU. He was always in the center of a cloud of lady students. However,
Heinrich Begehr was also one of the students of Dinghas. So, I asked him for help
and indeed Heinrich could get Plemelj’s book and within very few days I copied
the whole book which till this day is one of the juwels in my library. The book is
wonderful and helped me significantly for my thesis. Till this day I am grateful to
Heinrich Begehr.
xxi
xxii Contents
Dedicated to H. Begehr
It is a great pleasure for our group of complex analysis to make tribute of this
work to Heinrich Begehr on the occasion of his 80th birthday. Many of his works
are dedicated to the same problems as he got familiar with the works of Georgian
mathematicians Muskhelishvili, Vekua and Bitsadze long time ago. He maintained
his scientific ties and friendship with the peers of the next generation, among them
with Prof. Obolashvili in particular. Our friendship became even stronger during
Heinrich’s visit to Tbilisi along with many other prominent mathematicians at the
event of 100th anniversary of Niko Muskhelishvili. This was in 1991, when he was
hosted in the family of Prof. Manjavidze. Almost three decades have passed since
then and he has made enormous contribution in the scientific advancement of each of
us. We are greatly honored to be the permanent members of the ISAAC organization
founded by Heinrich and R. Gilbert.
In 2007 under the guidance of Heinrich and Prof. Jaiani the ISSAC conference
dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Ilia Vekua was held in Tbilisi. We have
participated in almost all meetings of the ISAAC congress. It is our utmost joy
and pleasure that this collaboration and friendship remains fruitful and warm until
today. Heinrich is a special, unique person for everyone, he tries to help others to
solve their problems both in mathematics and in life.
It is both a great privilege and responsibility to have scientific partnership with
Heinrich as we are witnessing how these traditions are being carried on in his
humble and collegial attitude towards us.
Many thanks and sincere wishes to our charming, talented and highly revered
person.
L− +
X GLn (C) \ LGLn (C)/LX GLn (C)
Theorem 2.3 ([13]) Every holomorphic vector bundle splits into direct sum of the
line bundles
E∼
= E(k1 ) ⊕ . . . ⊕ E(kn ). (2.2)
The numbers k1 ,. . . ,kn are the Chern numbers of the line bundles E(k1 ),.
..,E(kn ) and satisfy the conditions k1 ≥. . . ≥ kn . The integer-valued vector K =
(k1 , . . . , kn ) ∈ Z n is called the splitting type of the holomorphic vector bundle E. It
defines uniquely the holomorphic type of the bundle E.
Connection between partial indices of the boundary value problem, characteris-
tic multi-index of the matrix-function f ∈ and splitting type of the holomorphic
vector bundle E are presented in the following summarizing theorem:
Theorem 2.4 There is a one-to-one correspondence between the strata K and
holomorphic vector bundles on CP 1 .
Consider the following Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problem:
RHBVP: Find a piecewise holomorphic vector function (t) in U+ ∪U− , which
admits continuous boundary values on and satisfies on the boundary condition
by P (z) this extension and let (z) be some holomorphic solution of the RHBVP.
Consider the substitution
∂z w = Aw, (2.4)
∂z w − q(z)∂z w = 0. (2.6)
in Uα ∩ Uβ such that μα < 1. Let B(Xn ) denote the space of smooth Beltrami
differentials on X.
By the Beltrami parametrization [9] of complex structures over X we mean
to find the holomorphic coordinates {wα } with respect to the complex structure
parametrized by μ = μα , |μα | < 1. This comes to solve locally the following
Pfaff system:
∂α − μα ∂ α
∂wα = .
λα (1 − μα μα )
∂ α wα − μα ∂α wα = 0. (3.2)
is a mapping
in Uα , which preserves the orientation, and is thus locally invertible, so that wμα
defines a new complex coordinate mapping on Uα . Moreover, in the intersection
Uα ∩ Uβ , it follows from the patching law of μ, that solving the Beltrami equation
in the overlap shows that the transition function wμα (wμβ )−1 is holomorphic and
depends holomorphically on μ. Hence, the covering {(Uα , wμα }) defines a new
μ
complex structure on X, the one given by μ and denoted by Xn . The fibered
complex manifold B(X) × X, with local complex coordinates (μ, wμ ), defines
a complex analytic family of compact Riemann surfaces. We will say that the
Riemann surface Xμ is different from the Riemann surface X, (μ = 0 corresponds
to the standard complex structure), with local complex coordinates {(Uα , zα )}.
Let ϕ be a smooth diffeomorphism of X homotopic to the identity map. Let μ be
a given smooth Beltrami differential on X, represented in a chart, let say (Uα , zα ),
by the smooth function μ. One can see that diffeomorphisms act holomorphically
on the coordinates (μ, wμ ), and therefore μ and μϕ define equivalent complex
structures.
Let S 1 be a unit circle dividing the extended complex plane CP 1 = C ∪ ∞ into
connected components: U + and U − . We consider the following boundary value
problem: Find a piecewise analytic function in CP 1 with jump line S 1 satisfying
the boundary conditions
from S 1 to U + .
Let
ω(α(z)), z ∈ U + ∪ S 1 ,
w(z) =
ω(z), z ∈ U −,
then w(z) is continuous function on complex plane and satisfies (2.6) Beltrami
equation with coefficient
1 − ν (θ )
q(z) = 0, |z| > 1; q(z) = e2iθ , z = |z|eiθ ∈ U +
1 + ν (θ )
8 G. Akhalaia et al.
and α(t) = α(eiθ ) = eiν(θ) , where ν(θ ) is increasing function on [0, 2π], ν(2π) =
ν(0) + 2π. Indeed,
∂z w ∂z α
z
zα
z
z
z − α̇ z
eiθ α(eiθ ) − α̇(eiθ )
q(z, z) = = = = −iθ =
∂z w ∂z α e α(eiθ ) + α̇(eiθ )
z + α̇
z z z
zα z
1 − ν (θ )
= e2iθ .
1 + ν (θ )
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
dz(J v) = idz( ) = i = dz( ) ⇒ J = ,J =− .
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x
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häpeä oli se, että tiesin jo edeltäpäin, etten anna! Olet oikeassa,
Aljoša! Kiitos, Aljoša!»
Alkoi Katerina Ivanovnan kuulustelu. Heti kun hän tuli esille, kävi
salin läpi tavaton humahdus. Naiset tarttuivat lornjetteihinsa ja
kiikareihinsa, miehet liikahtelivat, jotkut nousivat paikaltaan
nähdäkseen paremmin. Kaikki vakuuttivat myöhemmin, että Mitja
kalpeni äkkiä »valkeaksi kuin liina», kun Katerina Ivanovna astui
sisälle. Tämä oli kokonaan mustiin puettu ja lähestyi
vaatimattomasti, miltei arasti hänelle osoitettua paikkaa. Hänen
kasvoistaan ei voinut huomata hänen olevan liikutetun, mutta
päättäväisyys loisti hänen tummista, synkistä silmistään. On
huomattava, että monet vakuuttivat myöhemmin hänen olleen
hämmästyttävän kauniin sillä hetkellä. Hän alkoi puhua hiljaa, mutta
niin selvästi, että se kuului joka paikkaan salissa. Hänen puheensa
oli tavattoman rauhallista, taikka ainakin hän ponnisteli ollakseen
rauhallinen. Puheenjohtaja alkoi kysellä varovasti, tavattoman
kunnioittavasti, aivan kuin peläten koskettamista »eräisiin kieliin» ja
kunnioittaen suurta onnettomuutta. Mutta Katerina Ivanovna selitti
itse lujasti heti alussa, vastatessaan erääseen kysymykseen, että
hän oli ollut syytetyn kihlattu morsian »siihen saakka kuin hän itse
jätti minut»… — lisäsi hän hiljaa. Kun häneltä kysyttiin noista
kolmestatuhannesta, jotka oli annettu Mitjan lähetettäviksi postissa
hänen sukulaisilleen, niin hän lausui varmasti: »Minä en antanut niitä
suorastaan postiin vietäviksi: Aavistin silloin hänen olevan kovassa
rahantarpeessa… sillä hetkellä… Minä annoin hänelle nuo
kolmetuhatta, sillä ehdolla, että hän lähettäisi ne, jos tahtoo,
kuukauden kuluessa. Suotta hän myöhemmin kiusasi itseään tuolla
velalla…»
Minä joudun nyt aivan lähelle sitä katastrofia, joka syntyi yhtäkkiä
ja kenties todellakin oli Mitjan turmion tuottaja. Sillä minä olen
vakuutettu siitä, ja kaikki lakimiehetkin sanoivat myöhemmin samaa,
että jos tätä episodia ei olisi ollut, niin rikolliselle olisi edes osoitettu
suopeutta. Mutta tästä kerron heti. Ensin vain pari sanaa
Grušenjkasta.
5.
Äkkiarvaamaton katastrofi
— Kuka on todistajanne?