Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PDF Arabs and Israelis Conflict and Peacemaking in The Middle East 2Nd Edition Abdel Monem Said Aly Ebook Full Chapter
PDF Arabs and Israelis Conflict and Peacemaking in The Middle East 2Nd Edition Abdel Monem Said Aly Ebook Full Chapter
https://textbookfull.com/product/speaking-the-unspeakable-sounds-
of-the-middle-east-conflict-1st-edition-adham-hamed-auth/
https://textbookfull.com/product/muslim-divorce-in-the-middle-
east-jessica-carlisle/
https://textbookfull.com/product/an-introduction-to-middle-east-
politics-2nd-edition-benjamin-macqueen/
https://textbookfull.com/product/islamic-populism-in-indonesia-
and-the-middle-east-1st-edition-vedi-r-hadiz/
The New Regional Order in the Middle East: Changes and
Challenges Sara Bazoobandi
https://textbookfull.com/product/the-new-regional-order-in-the-
middle-east-changes-and-challenges-sara-bazoobandi/
https://textbookfull.com/product/from-war-to-peace-in-the-
balkans-the-middle-east-and-ukraine-daniel-serwer/
https://textbookfull.com/product/kemalist-turkey-and-the-middle-
east-international-relations-in-the-interwar-period-amit-bein/
https://textbookfull.com/product/the-poisoned-well-empire-and-
its-legacy-in-the-middle-east-1st-edition-roger-hardy/
https://textbookfull.com/product/brokers-of-deceit-how-the-u-s-
has-undermined-peace-in-the-middle-east-2nd-edition-khalidi-
rashid/
“In this volume the three authors have succeeded where many have
failed. They have brought their talents together in an exceptional
way to give a clear and dispassionate account of a notoriously
contentious subject. In doing so, they have provided a lucid analysis
of the actions of all the parties involved. But equally importantly,
they have gone to the heart of the matter through their sympathetic,
yet critical understandings of the opposing narratives that have
fuelled this conflict for so long. It is a book that will enlighten those
who come fresh to the subject, as well as those who want to study
further the inner workings of the Arab–Israeli conflict and the
chances of its resolution.”- Charles Tripp, Professor of Politics, School
of African and Oriental Studies, University of London, UK
“No single author could write this book with its richness of multiple
perspectives on a topic of such controversy as the Arab-Israeli
conflict. These three distinguished scholars – one from Israel, one
from Palestine, and one from Egypt – produce a unique work of
scholarship. Particularly for those new to the topic, this is the book
to start with. It informs and explains, without the propagandistic
overtones that often find their way into such volumes.”- William B.
Quandt, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia, USA
“An outstanding book written by some of the best scholars who have
immersed their scholarly careers on the subject matter of the Arab-
Israeli conflict. This is a must read that carefully contextualizes the
nuances of the conflict according to different political dynamics
across time and space. Students, policy makers, and academics have
much to learn from this very valuable and insightful book.”- Amaney
A. Jamal, Associate Professor of Politics, Princeton University, USA
Shai Feldman
Director, Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Brandeis
University, Waltham, MA
Khalil Shikaki
Director, Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research,
Ramallah
© 2013 Abdel Monem Said Aly, Shai Feldman and Khalil Shikaki
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made
without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written
permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright
Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to
criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in
accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2013 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in
England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New
York, NY 10010.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has
companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United
Kingdom, Europe and other countries
ISBN: 978-1-137-29083-0 hardback
ISBN: 978-1-137-29082-3 paperback
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and
sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to
conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Contents
Preface
About the Authors
List of Illustrations
Select Chronology: Key Moments in the Arab–Israeli Conflict, 1516–
2012
Introduction
1 The Formative Years
2 The Partitioning of Palestine: “Nakba” and Independence
3 Under the Cold War: The 1956 Sinai–Suez War
4 The 1967 War: The Victory and the “Naksa”
5 From Limited War to Limited Accommodation
6 Camp David and the Lebanon War
7 From the First Intifada to Madrid and Oslo
8 Failures of Implementation of the Madrid Conference
9 Oslo’s State-building and Peacemaking
10 The Failure of Permanent Status Negotiations
11 The Second Intifada
12 From the Second Lebanon War to the Arab Awakening
13 Conclusion – A Conflict that Never Ends?
The writing and publication of this book comprises the most complex
and demanding project ever undertaken by Brandeis University’s
Crown Center for Middle East Studies since its establishment in
2005. It also constitutes one of the most salient expressions of the
Center’s commitment to pursuing a balanced and dispassionate
approach to the study of the contemporary Middle East. While
reflecting this broad sustained commitment, however, this book
would have never seen the light of day, were it not for the
imagination, creativity, generosity and tenacity of one individual:
Marcia Riklis of New York.
How did all this come about? In late 2004, one of the three co-
authors of this book, Shai Feldman, was asked by the then-President
of Brandeis University, Jehuda Reinharz to join Brandeis for the
purpose of building a new Crown Center for Middle East Studies.
Shai made his consent conditional on the university accepting his
philosophy regarding this challenging endeavor: namely, that in its
research, writing, and other activities the Crown Center will pursue a
balanced and dispassionate approach to the Middle East. As this
principle was approved, Shai’s next step was to ensure its
implementation by asking the other two of us, Abdel Monem Said Aly
and Khalil Shikaki, to join him as Senior Research Associates of the
soon-to-be-created Crown Center.
Once all three of us agreed to join the new Center, we entered
into detailed discussions about the possible content of such
association. The talks yielded an agreement to teach a new class,
Politics 164a: Conflict and Peacemaking in the Middle East – the first
ever on this sensitive subject to be team-taught by an Israeli, a
Palestinian and an Egyptian, who represents the broader Arab
perspective. The class was to be unique not only in providing
students an analytical framework for analyzing developments in the
Arab-Israeli conflict but even more so in sensitizing students to the
competing narratives that Israelis, Palestinian and Arabs more
broadly have adopted over the years with regard to these
developments. As at least two of us were to be in class every
session, students were to have an opportunity not only to avail
themselves of the texts that elaborate these competing narratives
but also to acquire “a feel” for the texture of these stories.
A close friend of Shai and supporter of the Center, Marcia Riklis
visited us at Brandeis sometime in the fall 2006 semester, when we
first team-taught the class. Having witnessed the students’ reaction
to our approach, Marcia was very complimentary but raised a
difficult question: Why do we limit exposure to this experience to the
relatively small number of students attending our class? Is it not
imperative, Marcia asked, that the insights to which our students are
exposed would be placed at the disposal of a far larger audience by
translating the class into a book?
Having some sense of how difficult such an endeavor may be, we
at first resisted the suggestion. But Marcia was persistent and thus
began the very long journey that led to the birth of this textbook.
Since in addition to teaching the class at Brandeis every fall
semester, all three of us were busy building and directing our
respective research centers, we could not spend more than six or
seven weeks every summer writing the book. Thus, its pregnancy
extended that number of years.
And it was not only Marcia’s vision and enthusiasm that allowed
the completion of this book but also her generosity: it was she who
provided the funds required to make this happen. Without her
support this book would never have made it to publication.
In turn, the Crown Center itself, providing the framework and the
environment for such a demanding project to be pursued in the first
place, would not have been possible if it were not for the generous
and consistent support provided by Lester Crown of Chicago. Lester
and his brother-in-law, Charles (Corky) Goodman were also full
partners to the Center’s commitment to pursue a balanced and
dispassionate approach, thus avoiding the acrimonious partisanship
which has plagued the study of the Middle East for decades. They,
like President Reinharz, also proved themselves to be courageous
warriors, backing us without any hesitation or reservation when we
were attacked by those who felt threatened by our approach.
Successively, two senior editors at Palgrave Macmillan believed in
this project almost from its inception. The excitement of Kate Hanes
was contagious and the enthusiasm and persistence of Jenna
Steventon, Kate’s successor as Head of Humanities in Higher
Education, was intoxicating. Jenna saw the unique aspects of this
book when others were skeptical. She was relentless in encouraging
us not to give up even when the difficulties entailed in the on-and-
off writing dictated by the competing pressures on our schedules
sometimes looked insurmountable.
Alec McAulay and Felicity Noble, both also at Palgrave Macmillan,
were of great help as well: Alec in undertaking the enormous task of
copy-editing the entire manuscript and Felicity in obtaining
permissions for using the photos and illustrations inserted in the
text.
Equally supportive was Laura Gross who agreed to serve as the
literary agent for this book. Her enthusiasm was also crucial to our
ability to find the energy and “staying power” required to bring the
project to completion.
We are also grateful to William Quandt at the University of
Virginia, an eminent scholar and teacher of the modern Middle East,
for the very helpful comments he provided on the first rough draft of
a number of chapters of this book. Also helpful were comments we
later received from Moshe Ma’oz, a great scholar of modern Syria at
the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Finally, we are truly indebted to
the anonymous scholars who accepted Palgrave Macmillan’s request
to review the advanced draft of the manuscript. Their detailed and
meticulous comments helped us make this book so much better.
During these many summers, we attempted to involve a large
number of students in the process of conceptualizing, organizing and
researching for this book. Indeed, their most important contribution
was to help us ascertain what forms of presentation would be most
understandable to students. We are indebted to these students for
their helpful assistance to the project. They include: Ofir Abu,
Zeynep Civcik, Karim Elkady, Sarah Feuer, Keren Fraiman, Ari Jadwin,
Cory Julie, Jim Kahler, Jonathan Miller, Jason Olson, Joshua
Shifrinson, Jonathan Snow, and Rafi Stern. Most extensive was the
research assistance provided in 2011–12 by Jasmine Gothelf.
Many thanks are also due to the Crown Center’s two Associate
Directors, Naghmeh Sohrabi and Kristina Cherniahivsky, and to the
Center’s administrator, Marilyn R. Horowitz, for the support they
provided during the many years it took to complete this project.
Finally, we are particularly grateful to our wives, Valorie Kopp-
Aharonov, Wafa Shikaki, and Molly Toukan for permitting their
husbands to spend many summers, weeks and weekends writing
this book. In the process, they became close friends as did their
husbands, making the nearly impossible – enjoyable.
Shai Feldman
Shai Feldman is the Judith and Sidney Swartz Director of the Crown
Center for Middle East Studies and Professor of Politics at Brandeis
University. He is also a Senior Fellow and a member of the Board of
Directors of Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and
International Affairs. In 2001–2003, Feldman served as a member of
the UN Secretary General’s Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters.
In 1997–2005, Professor Feldman served as Head of the Jaffee
Center for Strategic Studies at Tel Aviv University. He has been a
Senior Research Associate at the Jaffee Center since its
establishment in late 1977. In 1984–87, he was director of the Jaffee
Center’s Project on US Foreign and Defense Policies in the Middle
East and, in 1989–94, he directed the Center’s Project on Regional
Security and Arms Control in the Middle East. In 1994, he was a
Visiting Fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and,
in 1995–1997 he was a Senior Research Fellow at Harvard
University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
(BCSIA). Educated at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Professor
Feldman was awarded his PhD by the University of California at
Berkeley in 1980. His numerous publications include five books:
Israeli Nuclear Deterrence: A Strategy for the 1980s (New York:
Columbia University Press, 1982); The Future of U.S. – Israel
Strategic Cooperation (Washington, DC: The Washington Institute
for Near East Policy, 1996); Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control in
the Middle East (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997); Bridging the
Gap: A Future Security Architecture for the Middle East (Lanham,
MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997 – with Abdullah Toukan (Jordan);
and, Track-II Diplomacy: Lessons from the Middle East (Cambridge,
MA: MIT Press, 2003 – with Hussein Agha, Ahmad Khalidi, and Zeev
Schiff).
Khalil Shikaki
Khalil Shikaki is a Professor of Political Science and director of the
Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research (Ramallah,
Palestine). Since 2005 he has been a Senior Fellow at Brandeis
University’s Crown Center for Middle East Studies. He received his BA
and MA in Political Science from the American University in Beirut
and in 1985 he received his PhD in Political Science from Columbia
University. He taught at several Palestinian and American universities
including al-Najah National University, Birzeit University, the
University of Wisconsin (Milwaukee), and the University of South
Florida (Tampa). In 1996–1999, Dr. Shikaki served as Dean of
Scientific Research at al Najah National University in Nablus. In the
summer of 2002 he was a Visiting Fellow at the Brookings Institution
in Washington, DC. In 1998–99, jointly with Dr. Yezid Sayigh, Shikaki
led a group of more than 25 Palestinian and foreign experts to
assess the process of Palestinian institution-building. The result was
a report titled Strengthening Palestinian Public Institutions (New
York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1999). Since 1993, Dr. Shikaki
has conducted more than 200 polls among Palestinians in the West
Bank and the Gaza Strip and, since 2000 he conducted dozens of
joint polls among Palestinians and Israelis. His research has focused
on the peace process, Palestinian state-building, public opinion,
transition to democracy, and the impact of domestic Palestinian
politics on the peace process. He is the co-author of the annual
report of the Arab Democracy Index, published annually by the Arab
Reform Initiative. His other publications include Public Opinion in the
Israeli–Palestinian Conflict: The Public Imperative During the Second
Intifada, with Yaacov Shamir (Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
2010), and The Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process: Oslo and the
Lessons of Failure (East Sussex: Sussex Academic Press, 2002), co-
edited with Robert Rothstein and Moshe Ma’oz.
List of Illustrations
Figures
Table
TAIDE- JA AVIOELÄMÄÄ.
»Kultani!
Toisessa kirjeessä:
*****
»Sinä Missen ainoa kulta, tulen juuri opettajani luota, olen vielä
aivan ilon vallassa siitä mitä siellä sain kokea ja nähdä. Katsos asia
on se, kuten kerroin olen ollut hirmuisen ahkera, luopunut ihan
omasta itsestäni ja ollut vaan — koulutyttö. Lukenut a.b.c. aamusta
iltaan, vieläpä yölläkin, aivan kuivan kuivaa mekaanillista työtä jota
pränttäsin itseeni saadakseni kieleni saksalaiseksi. Tunnissani olen
ollut yhtä kuiva ja mekanillinen ynnä suljettu. Olin usein tuskissani
tuntui kun en pääsisi hiuskarvaa edemmäksi. Viime kerralla sanoi
vihdoin opettajani että nyt olemme niin pitkällä että voimme jotain
helppoa proosaa alkaa lukemaan, jotain »Kindergeschichte»
[lastentarinaa] minä vihdoin protesteerasin, sanoin että hän aivan
henkisesti murhaa minut ja pyysin että saisin itse jotain valita, —
johon hän vihdoin suostui. — Otin siis Romeo ja Julian. — Tulin
sinne sitten tänään kirjoineni ja ne nähtyään, hänen suunsa meni
hymyyn, kummalliseen hiljaiseen hymyyn ja muuhun puuttumatta
hän sanoi alkakaamme — ja me aloimme. — En tahdo nyt kertoa
hänen kummastustaan ja ihmetystään sen enempää sanon vaan
että preussilainen kunniansa on kovin arka, en luule että hän vielä
koskaan on oppilastansa tambuuriin saattanut, vielä vähemmän
auttanut kappaa hänen päälleen, — tänään hän sen teki, vieläpä
kumarsi ylpeän selkänsä ja haki galoschini, — ja siitä minä olen
ylpein! Työni menee eteenpäin ja minä tunnen itseni onnelliseksi,
ensi kertaa, olen iloinen, oikein noin sisällisesti, siitä saakka kun
kultani luota lähdin.» —
»En minä kulta ole sinua unohtanut, mutta minä olen ollut niin
suruissani, niin kovin suruissani, etten ole jaksanut kirjoittaa. Koko
elämä on tuntunut kuin yksi ainoa suuri tuska. Minun terveyteni on
varmaan iäksi päivin mennyt. Ja mitä on elämä ilman terveyttä ja
työtä. Minä en enää niinkuin muinoin kestää pitkiä ponnistuksia.
Vieraan kielen omaaminen ei ole helppoa ja harva sen on perille
vienyt. Minä kuitenkin mielelläni sitä tahtoisin (ja olenkin suuresti
edistynyt), sillä minä en tahdo kauvan enää näytellä, muutaman
vuoden vaan, ja kuitenkin tahtoisin silläaikaa koota jotain kokoon, ei
suurta summaa mutta kuitenkin muutaman kymmenen tuhatta ja
semmoista voi vaan suurissa maissa. Siis olen ollut kovin ahkera,
hyvin vähän käynyt ulkona valmistuakseni niin pian kuin
mahdollista, lukenut yöt ja päivät ja vähä vähällä aina maannut pari
päivää kipeänä. Minun kunnianhimoni ei sallinut että puhuisin
huonoa kieltä, sitä paitsi ajattelin, että minulla aina tulevaisuudessa
on siitä suuri hyöty ja tie avoinna suurille näyttämöille. Sitten kun
olin varma itseni kanssa ja ilmoitin itseni valmiiksi, sitten alkoivat
kaikki nuo intrigit, joita on ollut niin paljon ja usein naurettavia.
Kerron yhden niin saat aavistuksen kaikesta. Tohtori Blumenthal
joka oli kuullut minusta (hän on Lessing teaatterin direktööri) tulee
luokseni (hän oli jo ennen tuttu) ja kysyy jos en tahtoisi näytellä
Noraa. Minä tahdoin tietysti. Hän pyysi että vissinä päivänä kävisin
luonansa. Tein sen, B. oli erinomaisen ystävällinen — tulin myös
esitellyksi rouvalleen, ja kaikki oli miten voin arvata hyvin. Kun
sitten hänen vanha rouvansa (hän on vanhempi miestä) saa sen
päähänsä tulla — mustasukkaiseksi! Ajattele kuinka hassua! ja
mitä kaikkea heidän välillään lienee tapahtunut en tiedä, kaikessa
tapauksessa B. kovin geneerattuna tulee luokseni ja selittää että se
ei nyt voi tapahtua. Uh! sitä todellista naisellisuutta! Ja senlaista
harmia on paljon ollut, ja minua kovin rasittanut. Kun sitten vielä
vuoteella ollessani (koko pääsiäisenhän olin kipeä) otin vastaan
sen suuren rollin »Freie Bühneltä» en tuntenut rajaa työlleni. Päivät
eivät riittäneet, luin kaiket yöt ja päivällä harjoitin teatterissa monta
tuntia peräkanaa. Sillä se »Aufgabe» [tehtävä oli pääosa A.
Fietgerin draamassa »Jumalan armosta»] ei ollut helppo! —
Makasin pari päivää kipeänä ja aloitin taasen, minä tahdoin jaksaa
ja niin kokosin viimeiset voimani ja tein työtä samalla vauhdilla
kunnes hurjalla surulla aloin tuntea että en enään jaksanut 2 viime
näytöstä harjoittaa yhtä haavaa. Niin väsymys vähitellen minut
musersi kunnes prof. Krause absolutisti kielsi. Kun minä en
vieläkään totellut aikoi hän kirjoittaa sinulle ja pyytää sinua
kieltämään, — mutta sitä minä en sallinut. Hän sanoi että sillä
tavalla »reichten Sie sich zu Grunde, und ist keinen arzt mehr
möglich Ihnen wieder Lebenskräfte zu geben.» Minä pysähdyin,
lähetin rollin Schlentherille ja kerroin mitä lääkäri sanoi. Ja siihen
raukesi sitten se unelma. Oh! se on niin kurjaa. En ymmärrä kuinka
pääsisin entisiin voimiini jälleen. Ja kuitenkin minun täytyy, minun
täytyy, minä tahdon päästä eteenpäin, minun täytyy tulla terveeksi!
— Oh! kuinka minä kadun että olen niin paljon antanut Suom.
teaatterille! Mitä minulla nyt siitä on? Kehnoutta, kateutta ja ilkeyttä,
se on palkinto. Krause (sama joka myös viimeksi kun ei enään
mikään auttanut oli kutsuttu keisari Fredrik vainajan luo) hän on niin
viisas, niin hieno niin erinomainen lääkäri. Hän pitää paljon
Missestä ja on kovasti intreseerattu harrastuksistani täällä. Hoitaa
minua erinomaisesti. — Toki ei hän anna mitään lääkkeitä, muuta
kuin rautavettä jota juon 2 suurta putelia päivässä, sitäpaitsi juon
kannun maitoa päivässä, yks' suuri lasi joka tunti. 2 kert. päivässä
kylmä kylpy ja sitten päälliseksi käyn joka päivä luonaan, jolloin hän
elektriseeraa koko ruumiin ja kaulani, tiedätkö, sisäpuolelta sondien
kautta jotka suun kautta viedään sisään. Krause sanoo, ettei hän
vielä koskaan ole hoitanut naista, joka ylellisten rasitusten kautta
niin kokonaan olisi tärvellyt fysiikinsä kuin minä. Krause tahtoo, että
jättäisin näyttelemisen syksyyn. Ja kai sen teenkin niin kovin
alentavalta kun se tuntuukin, kun olin niin tyhmä, että edeltäkäsin
ilmaisin aikomukseni. Katson kuitenkin vielä vähän ympärilleni ja
sitten päätän. — Niin, siinä on nyt kaikki suuret unelmat yhtenä
rauniona! — En minä ole niin erinomainen kun sinä luulet, eikä
minun energiani niin suuri kuin luulet. Enhän edes tätä nyt ole
voinut läpi viedä. ‒ ‒ ‒