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 Handbook
of
Biochemistry
and
Molecular Biology
 CRC Handbook
of
Biochemistry
and
Molecular Biology
3rd Edition
Physical and Chemical Data
Volume I
Editor

Gerald D. Fasman, Ph. D.

Rosenfield Professor of Biochemistry
Graduate Department of Biochemistry
Brandeis University
Waltham, Massachusetts

Boca Raton London New York

CRC Press is an imprint of the

Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
First published 1976 by CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

Reissued 2018 by CRC Press

© 1976 by Taylor & Francis

© 1970, 1968 by The Chemical Rubber Co.
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business

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 Handbook
of
Biochemistry
and
Molecular Biology
3rd Edition

Physical and Chemical Data

Volume I
Editor
Gerald D. Fasman, Ph. D.
Rosenfield Professor of Biochemistry
Graduate Department of Biochemistry
Brandeis University
Waltham, Massachusetts

The following is a list of the four major sections of the Handbook,

each consisting of one or more volumes

Proteins —Amino Acids, Peptides, Polypeptides, and Proteins

Nucleic, Acids — Purines, Pyrimidines, Nucleotides, Oligonucleotides,

tRNA, DNA, RNA

Lipids, Carbohydrates, Steroids

Physical and Chemical Data, Miscellaneous —Ion Exchange, Chromatog­

raphy, Buffers, Miscellaneous, e.g., Vitamins
 ADVISORY BOARD

Gerald D. Fasman
Editor

Herbert A. Sober (deceased)

Consulting Editor

MEMBERS

Bruce Ames Victor Ginsburg

Professor, Department of Biochemistry Chief, Biochemistry Section, National
University of California Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and
Berkeley, California 94720 Digestive Diseases
Department of Health, Education, and
Sherman Beychok Welfare
Professor, Department of Biological National Institutes of Health
Sciences Bethesda, Maryland 20014
Columbia University
New York, New York 10027
Walter Gratzer
Waldo E. Cohn MRC Neurobiology Unit
Senior Biochemist, Biology Division Department of Biophysics
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Kings College
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 University of London
London
Harold Edelhoch England
National Institute Arthritis, Metabolism
Lawrence Grossman
and Digestive Diseases
Department of Health, Education, and Professor, Department of Biochemical and
Welfare Biophysical Sciences
National Institutes of Health School of Hygiene and Public Health
Bethesda, Maryland 20014 The Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland 21205
John Edsall
Professor Emeritus, Biological Laboratories Frank Gurd
Harvard University Professor, Department of Chemistry
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana 47401
Gary Felsenfeld
Chief, Physical Chemistry Laboratory
Laboratory of Molecular Biology William Harrington
National Institute of Arthritis, Professor, Department of Biology
Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases The Johns Hopkins University
National Institutes Of Health Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Bethesda, Maryland 20014
William P. Jencks
Edmond H. Fischer Professor, Graduate Department of
Professor, Department of Biochemistry Biochemistry
University of Washington Brandeis University
Seattle, Washington 98195 Waltham, Massachusetts 02154
 ADVISORY BOARD (continued)

0. L. Kline Julius Marmur

Executive Officer Professor, Department of Biochemistry
American Institute of Nutrition and Genetics
9650 Rockville Pike Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bethesda, Maryland 20014 New York, New York 10461

1. M. Klotz
Alton Meister
Professor, Department of Chemistry
Professor, Department of Biochemistry
Northwestern University
Cornell University Medical College
Evanston, Illinois 60201
New York, New York 10021

Robert Langridge
Professor, Department of Biochemistry Kivie Moldave
Princeton University Professor, Department of Biochemistry
Princeton, New Jersey 08540 California College of Medicine
University of California
Irvine, California 92664
Philip Leder
Chief, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics
National Institute of Child Health D. C. Phillips
and Human Development Professor, Laboratory of Molecular
National Institutes of Health Biophysics
Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Department of Zoology
Oxford University
I. Robert Lehman Oxford
Professor, Department Biochemistry England
School of Medicine
Stanford University William D. Phillips
Stanford, California 94305 The Lord Rank Research Centre
Ranks Hove, McDougall Ltd.
Lawrence Levine Lincoln Road, High Wycombe
Professor, Graduate Department of Bucks
Biochemistry England
Brandeis University
Waltham, Massachusetts 02154
G. N. Ramachandran
John Lowenstein Professor, Molecular Biophysics Unit
Professor, Graduate Department of Indian Institute of Science
Biochemistry Bangalore
Brandeis University India
Waltham, Massachusetts 02154
Michael Sela
Emanuel Margoliash Professor, Department of Chemical
Professor, Department of Biological Immunology
Sciences The Weizmann Institute of Science
Northwestern University Rehovot
Evanston, Illinois 60201 Israel
 ADVISORY BOARD (continued)
Waclaw Szybalski
Professor, McArdle Laboratory for
Cancer Research
The University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
Serge N. Timasheff
Professor, Graduate Department of
Biochemistry
Brandeis University
Waltham, Massachusetts 02154
Ignacio Tinoco, Jr.
Professor, Department of Chemistry
University of California
Berkeley, California 94720
Bert L. Vallee
Professor, Biophysics Research
Laboratory
Peter Bent Brigham Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts 02115
 CONTRIBUTORS
Alice Adler
Graduate Department of Biochemistry
Brandeis University
Waltham, Massachusetts 02154
V. S. Ananthanarayahan
Molecular Biophysics Unit
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore 560012
India
Norman G. Anderson
Molecular Anatomy Program
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
Norman L. Anderson
Biology Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
Roger G. Bates
Department of Chemistry
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida 32601
H. P. J. Bloemers
Department of Biochemistry
University of Nijmegen
Nijmegen
The Netherlands
Myron K. Brakke
Crops Research Division
Agriculture Research Service
Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station
Lincoln, Nebraska 68504
James J. Christensen
Department of Chemical Engineering
Brigham Young University
Provo, Utah 84601
Waldo E. Cohn
Biology Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
Pierre Douzou
Institute National de la Sante et
de la Recherche Medicale Groupe
U-128, BP. 5051
34033 Montpellier Cedex
France
Murray Ettinger
Department of Biochemistry
State University of New York
Buffalo, New York 14214
Norman Good
Department of Botany and Plant
Physiology
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan 48823
R. W. Henderson
Department of Biochemistry
University of Melbourne
Parkville 3052 Victoria
Australia
G. Hui Bon Hoa
Institute National de la Sante et
de la Recherche Medicale Groupe
U-128, BP. 5051
34033 Montpellier Cedex
France
John O. Hutchens
Department of Physiology
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois 60637
Reed M. Izatt
Department of Chemistry
Brigham Young University
Provo, Utah 84601
William P. Jencks
Graduate Department of Biochemistry
Brandeis University
Waltham, Massachusetts 02154
Gordon C. Kresheck
Department of Chemistry
Northern Illinois University
DeKalb, Illinois 60115
 CONTRIBUTORS (continued)
Neal Langerman
Department of Chemistry
College of Science
Utah State University
Logan, Utah 84321
Paul A. Loach
Department of Chemistry
Northwestern University
Evanston, Illinois 60201
P. Maurel
Institute National de la Sante et
de la Recherche Medicale Groupe
U-128, B.P. 5051
34033 Montpellier Cedex
France
Elemer Mihalyi
Laboratory of Biochemistry
National Heart and Lung Institute
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland 20014
T. C. Morton
Department of Biochemistry
University of Melbourne
Parkville 3052 Victoria
Australia
Maya Paabo
Electrochemical Analysis Section
National Bureau of Standards
Washington, D.C. 20234
J. M. Regenstein
Department of Poultry Science
and Department of Food Science
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York 14853
F. Travers
Institute National de la Sante et
de la Recherche Medicale Groupe
U-128, B.P. 5051
34033 Montpellier Cedex
France
Ben A. M. van der Zeijst
Institute of Veterinary Virology
State University of Utrecht
Utrecht
The Netherlands
 PREFACE

The rapid pace at which new data is currently accumulated in science presents one of
the significant problems of today - the problem of rapid retrieval of information. The
fields of biochemistry and molecular biology are two areas in which the information
explosion is manifest. Such data is of interest in the disciplines of medicine, modern
biology, genetics, immunology, biophysics, etc., to name but a few related areas. It was
this need which first prompted CRC Press, with Dr. Herbert A. Sober as Editor, to
publish the first two editions of a modern Handbook o f Biochemistry, which made
available unique, in depth compilations of critically evaluated data to graduate students,
post-doctoral fellows, and research workers in selected areas of biochemistry.
This third edition of the Handbook demonstrates the wealth of new information
which has become available since 1970. The title has been changed to include molecular
biology; as the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology exist today, it becomes more
difficult to differentiate between them. As a result of this philosophy, this edition has
been greatly expanded. Also, previous data has been revised and obsolete material has
been eliminated. As before, however, all areas of interest have not been covered in this
edition. Elementary data, readily available elsewhere, has not been included. We have
attempted to stress the areas of today’s principal research frontiers and consequently
certain areas of important biochemical interest are relatively neglected, but hopefully not
totally ignored.
This third edition is over double the size of the second edition. Tables used from the
second edition without change are so marked, but their number is small. Most of the
tables from the second edition have been extensively revised, and over half of the data is
new material. In addition, a far more extensive index has been compiled to facilitate the
use of the Handbook. To make more facile use of the Handbook because of the increased
size, it has been divided into four sections. Each section will have one or more volumes.
The four sections are titled:

Proteins - Amino Acids, Peptides, Polypeptides, and Proteins

Nucleic Acids — Purines, Pyrimidines, Nucleotides, Oligonucleotides, tRNA, DNA,
RNA
Lipids, Carbohydrates, Steroids
Physical and Chemical Data, Miscellaneous - Ion Exchange, Chromatography,
Buffers, Miscellaneous, e.g., Vitamins

By means of this division of the data, we can continuously update the Handbook by
publishing new data as they become available.
The Editor wishes to thank the numerous contributors, Dr. Herbert A. Sober, who
assisted the Editor generously, and the Advisory Board for their counsel and cooperation.
Without their efforts this edition would not have been possible. Special acknowledgments
are due to the editorial staff of CRC Press, Inc., particularly Ms. Susan Cubar Benovich,
Ms. Sandy Pearlman, and Mrs. Gayle Tavens, for their perspicacity and invaluable assistance
in the editing of the manuscript. The editor alone, however, is responsible for the
scope and the organization of the tables.
We invite comments and criticisms regarding format and selection of subject matter, as
well as specific suggestions for new data (and their sources) which might be included in
subsequent editions. We hope that errors and omissions in the data that appear in the
Handbook will be brought to the attention of the Editor and the publisher.

Gerald D. Fasman
Editor
August 1975
 PREFACE TO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA, MISCELLANEOUS:
ION EXCHANGE, CHROMATOGRAPHY, BUFFERS,
MISCELLANEOUS, E.G., VITAMINS, VOLUME I

This section of the Handbook o f Biochemistry and Molecular Biology on Physical and
Chemical Data is divided into two volumes.
The first volume contains data on amino acids which consists of the coefficients of
solubility in water, heat capacities, entropies of formation, and heats of combustion.
Oxidation-reduction potentials of compounds of biochemical interest and of hemopro-
teins and metalloproteins are listed. Heats of proton ionization, pK and related thermo­
dynamic quantities, free energies of hydrolysis and decarboxylation, and calorimetric
AH values accompanying conformational changes of macromolecules in solution are
listed. Information on the measurement of pH, buffer solutions, pH indicators, and the
ionization constants of acids and bases are detailed.
Tables of refractive index of water, various solvents, salt solutions, liquids, tempera­
ture dependence, and Lorentz corrections are available.
Specific gravity of liquids, sucrose solutions, CsCl solutions, isokinetic glycerol and
sucrose gradients for density gradient centrifugation, and the temperature dependence for
selected compounds are included.
This collection of data, for which the editor alone is responsible, is highly selective in
nature. It is hoped that this volume will be of assistance to those working in the field of
biochemistry and molecular biology.

Gerald D. Fasman
Editor
March 1976
 THE EDITOR

Gerald D. Fasman, Ph.D., is the Rosenfield Professor of Biochemistry, Graduate

Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts.
Dr. Fasman graduated from the University of Alberta in 1948 with a B.S. Honors
Degree in Chemistry, and he received his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry in 1952 from the
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. Dr. Fasman did postdoctoral
studies at Cambridge University, England, Eidg. Technische Hochschule, Zurich,
Switzerland, and the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel. Prior to moving to
Brandeis University, he spent several years at the Children’s Cancer Research Foundation
at the Harvard Medical School. He has been an Established Investigator of the American
Heart Association, a National Science Foundation Senior Postdoctoral Fellow in Japan,
and recently was a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow.
Dr. Fasman is a member of the American Chemical Society, a Fellow of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science, Sigma Xi, The Biophysical Society,
American Society of Biological Chemists, The Chemical Society (London), the New York
Academy of Science, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemists. He has
published 180 research papers.
The Editor and CRC Press, Inc. would like to dedicate this
third edition to the memory of Eva K. and Herbert A.
Sober. Their pioneering work on the development of the
Handbook is acknowledged with sincere appreciation.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

NOMENCLATURE
Biochemical Nomenclature ......................................................................................................................3
IUPAC Tentative Rules for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry Section E. Fundamental
S tereochem istry....................................................................................................................................20
The Citation of Bibliographic References in Biochemical Journals Recommendations (1971) . . 58
Nomenclature of Labeled C o m p o u n d s....................................................................................................62
Definitive Rules for the Nomenclature of Carotenoids ........................................................................63

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

Recommendations for the Measurement and Presentation of Biochemical Equilibrium Data . . 93
Coefficients of Solubility Equations of Certain Amino Acids in Water ........................................107
Heat Capacities, Absolute Entropies, and Entropies of Formation of Amino Acids and Related
Compounds ...................................................................................................................................... 109
Heat Combustion, Enthalpy and Free Energy of Formation of Amino Acids in Water at Various
T em p e ratu re s...................................................................................................................................... 114
Heats of Solution of Amino Acids in Aqueous Solution at 2 5 ° C .................................................... 116
Free Energies of Solution and Standard Free Energy of Formation of Amino Acids in Aqueous
Solution at 25°C ................................................................................ ■...........................................118
Activities of Amino Acids and Peptides at 2 5 ° C ................................................................................ 119
Enthalpy, Entropy, and Free Energy Values for Biochemical Redox in R e a c tio n s........................ 121
Oxidation-reduction Potentials, Absorbance Bands and Molar Absorbance of Compounds Used in
Biochemical S t u d i e s .......................................................................................................................... 122
Oxidation-reduction Potentials of Hemoproteins and Metalloporphyrins ...................................... 131
Heats of Proton Ionization, pK, and Related Thermodynamic Quantities .................................... 157
Calorimetric AH Values Accompanying Conformational Changes of Marcromolecules in
S o l u t i o n ..............................................................................................................................................270
Free Energies of Hydrolysis and D e carb o x y la tio n ..............................................................................296
Ionization Constants of Acids and B a s e s ..............................................................................................305
Deci-normal Solutions of Oxidation and Reduction Reagents ..........................................................352
Measurements of pH ..............................................................................................................................353
Buffer S o lu tio n s ......................................................................................................................................362
Amine Buffers Useful for Biological R e se a rc h ......................................................................................367
Preparation of Buffers for Use in Enzyme S t u d i e s ..............................................................................370
pH Ranges of In d ic a to rs..........................................................................................................................378
Indicators for Volumetric Work and pH Determinations ..................................................................380
Mixed In d ic a to rs ......................................................................................................................................382
Universal Indicators for Approximate pH D eterm inations..................................................................383
Oxidation-reduction In d ic a to rs ..............................................................................................................383
Concentration of Acids and B a s e s ..........................................................................................................384
Refractive Index T a b l e s ..........................................................................................................................385
Calibration of Optical Instruments ......................................................................................................390
Refractive Index Dependence ..............................................................................................................395
Summary of Data on Density and Index of Refraction of Guanidine*H C 1....................................404
Viscosity and Density of Aqueous Solutions of Urea and Guanidine H y d ro c h lo rid e....................405
Refractive Index («D) of L i q u i d s ..........................................................................................................408
Specific Gravity of Liquids ..................................................................................................................411
Viscosity and Density T a b le s ..................................................................................................................415
Density at 25°C of CsCl Solution as a Function of Refractive Index ............................................ 419
Density Gradient at Equilibrium for Some Salt S o lu tio n s ..................................................................424
 Coefficients for Calculated Density, p 2 5 °; from Refractive Indexes of Solution at 25°C, r/f/ by
Formula p 2 5 ° = a11b5 0 - b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Densities at 25° of Various Salt Solutions Used for Density Gradients . . . . . . . 425
Viscosities of Various Salt Solutions Used for Density Gradients . . . . . . . . . . 425
4,698 Isokinetic Glycerol and Sucrose Gradients for Density Gradient Centrifugation . 426
Physical Chemical Data for Mixed Solvents Used in Low Temperature Biochemistry . 520
Refractive Index Change with Temperature for Ethyl Alcohol . 540
Density Change with Temperature of Some Organic Solvents . 540

INDEX . 541
Nomenclature
 3

BIOCHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE

This synopsis of the recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical

Nomenclature (CBN) was prepared by Waldo E. Cohn, Director, NAS-NRC Office of
Biochemical Nomenclature (OBN, located at Biology Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830), from whom reprints of the CBN publications listed
below and on which the synopsis is based are available.
The synopsis is divided into three sections: Abbreviations, symbols, and trivial names.
Each section contains material drawn from the documents (A1 to C l, inclusive) listed
below, which deal with the subjects named.
Additions consonant with the CBN Recommendations have been made by OBN
throughout the synopsis.

RULES AND RECOMMENDATIONS AFFECTING BIOCHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE

AND PLACES OF PUBLICATION (AS OF FEBRUARY 1975)

I. IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature

A l. Abbreviations and Symbols [General; Section 5 replaced by A6]
A2. Abbreviated Designation of Amino-acid Derivatives and Peptides (1965) [Revised 1971; Expands Section 2
of A l]
A3. Synthetic Modifications of Natural Peptides (1966) [Revised 1972]
A4. Synthetic Polypeptides (Polymerized Amino Acids) (1967) [Revised 1971]
A5. A One-letter Notation for Amino-acid Sequences (1968)
A6. Nucleic Acids, Polynucleotides, and their Constituents (1970)

B l. (Nomenclature of Vitamins, Coenzymes, and Related Compounds)

a. Miscellaneous [A, B’s, C, D’s, tocols, niacins; see B2 and B3]
b. Quinones with Isoprenoid Side-chains: E, K, Q [Revised 1973]
c. Folic Acid and Related Compounds
d. Corrinoids: B-12’s [Revised 1973]
B2. Vitamins B-6 and Related Compounds [Revised 1973]
B3. Tocopherols (1973)

C l. Nomenclature of Lipids (1967) [Amended 1970; see also II, 2]

C2. Nomenclature of a-Amino Acids (1974) [See also II, 5]

D l. Conformation of Polypeptide Chains (1970) [See also III, 2]

E l. Enzyme Nomenclature (1972)a [Elsevier (in paperback); Replaces 1965 edition.]

E2. Multiple Forms of Enzymes (1971) [Chapter 3 of El ]
E3. Nomenclature of Iron-sulfur Proteins (1973) [Chapter 6.5 of El ]
E4. Nomenclature of Peptide Hormones (1974)

II. Documents Jointly Authored by CBN and CNOC [See III]

1. Nomenclature of Cyclitols (1968) [Revised 1973]
2. Nomenclature of Steroids (1968) [Amended 1971; Revised 1972]
3. Nomenclature of Carbohydrates-I (1969)
4. Nomenclature of Carotenoids (1972) [Revised 1975]
5. Nomenclature of a-Amino Acids (1974) [Listed under I, C2 in the following table]

III. IUPAC Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (CNOC)

1. Section A (Hydrocarbons), Section B (Heterocyclics): J. Am. Chem. Soc., 82, 5545;a Section C (Groups
containing N, Hal, S, Se/Te): Pure Appl. Chem., 11, Nos. l - 2 a [A, B, and C Revised 1969:a Butterworth’s,
London (1971)]
2. Section E (Stereochemistry):b J. Org. Chem., 35, 2489 (1970); Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 208, 1 (1970); Eur.
J. Biochem., 18, 151 (1970) [See also I, D l]

aNo reprints available from OBN; order from publisher.

^Reprints available from OBN (in addition to all in IA to ID and II).
4 Handbook o(Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

RULES AND RECOMMENDATIONS AFFECTING BIOCHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE

AND PLACES OF PUBLICATION (AS OF FEBRUARY 1975)(continued)

IV. Physiochemical Quantities and Units (IUPAC)a J. Am. Chem. Soc., 82, 5517 (1960) [Revised 1970: Pure Appl.
Chem., 21, 1 (1970)]

V. Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 82, 5523a [Revised 1971: Pure Appl. Chem.,
28, No. 1 (1971)] a
VI. Drugs and Related Compounds or Preparations
1. U.S. Adopted Names (USAN) No. 10 (1972) and Supplement [U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., 12601
Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Md.]
2. International Nonproprietary Names (INN) [WHO, Geneva]
 CBN RECOMMENDATIONS APPEAR IN THE FOLLOWING PLACES3

Arch. Biochim.
Biochem. Biophys. Eur. J. J. Biol. Pure Appl. Biochimie Molek. Z. Phys.
Biophys. Biochem. J. Biochemistry Acta Biochem. Chem. Chem.b (Bull. Soc.)c Biol.d Chem. e

A lf 136,1 101,1 5,1445 1,259 241,527 50,3 1,872 348,245

A2(Revised) 150,1(R) 126,773(R) 11,1726(R) 263,205(R) 27,201(R) 247,977(R) 4 0 ,(R) 49,121* 2,282* 348,256*
A3(Revised) 121,6* 104,17* 6,362* 133,1* 1,379* 242,555* 31,649(R) 49,325* 2,466* 348,262*
A4(Revised)g 151,597(R) 127,753(R) 11,942(R) 278,211(R) 26,301(R) 247,323(R) 33,439(R) 51,205* 5,492(R) 349,1013*
A5 125(3),i 113,1 7,2703 168,6 5,151 243,3557 31,641 50,1577 3,473 350,793
A6h 145,425 120,449 9,4022 247,1 15,203 245,5171 40, 6,167 351,1055

Bl* 118,505 102,15 1 0 7 ,l(a -c ) 2,1 241,2987 49,331 348,266

B lb( Revised) 165.1(R) 147,15(R) 387,397(R) 53,15(R) 38,439
Bld(Revised) 161(2),iii(R) 147,1(R) 13,1555 (R) 45,7(R)
B2(Revised) 162,1(R) 137,417(R) 13,1056(R) 354,155(R) 40,325(R) 245,4229* 33,447(R) 351,1165*
B3(Revised) 165,6(R) 147,11(R) 46,217(R)

Clf 123,409 105,897 6,3287 152,1 2,127 242,4845 50,1363 2,784 350,279
Amendments 116(5) 202,404 12,1 245,1511
C2 14,449 53,1

D l1 145,405 121,577 9,3471 229,1 17,193 245,6489 7,289

E2 147,1 126,769 10,4825 258,1 24,1 246,6127 54,123 353,852

E3 160,355 135,5 12,3582 310,295 35,1 248,5907
E4 151,1 14,2559 250,3215

II,I(Revised) 128,269* 112,17* 165,1* 5,1* 243,5809* 37,285(R) 51,3* 350,523*

II,2f 136,13 113,5 8,2227 164,453 10,1 31,285(R) 51,819 351,663
Amendments 147,4 127,613 10,4994 248,387 25,2 }
11,3 125,673 10,3983 244,223 21,455 247,613
H,4 127,741 10,4827 286,217 25,397 247,2633
Amendments 151,507 14,1803

aReprints available from OBN. fAlso in other journals.

bNo reprints available from OBN; order from publisher. gAlso in Biopolymers, 11, 321.
cIn French. h/ Mol. Biol., 55, 299.
dIn Russian. lJ. Mol. Biol., 52, 1.
eIn German.
5

* First, unrevised version.

(R) = revised version.
6 Handbook o f Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations are distinguished from symbols as follows (taken from Reference Al):

a. Symbols, for monomeric units in macromolecules, are used to make up

abbreviated structural formulas (e.g., Gly-Val-Thr for the tripeptide glycylvalylthreonine)
and can be made fairly systematic.
b. Abbreviations for semi-systematic or trivial names (e.g., ATP for adenosine
triphosphate; FAD for flavinadenine dinucleotide) are generally formed of three or four
capital letters, chosen for brevity rather than for system. It is the indiscriminate coining
and use of such abbreviations that has aroused objections to the use of abbreviations in
general.

[Abbreviations are thus distinguished from symbols in that they (a) are for
semi-systematic or trivial names, (b) are brief rather than systematic, (c) are usually
formed from three or four capital letters, and (d) are not used —as are symbols —as units
of larger structures. ATP, FAD, etc., are abbreviations. Gly, Ser, Ado, Glc, etc., are
symbols (as are Na, K, Ca, O, S, etc.); they are sometimes useful as abbreviations in
figures, tables, etc., where space is limited, but are usually not permitted in text. The use
of abbreviations is permitted when necessary but is never required.]

1. Nucleotides (N = A, C, G, 1, O, T, U, X, \p - see One-letter Symbols)

NMP Nucleoside 5 '-phosphate

NDP Nucleoside 5'-di(or pyro)phosphate
NTP Nucleoside 5'-triphosphate

Prefix d indicates deoxy.

2. Coenzymes, vitamins

CoA(or Co ASH) Coenzyme A

CoASAc Acetyl Coenzyme A
DPNa Diphosphopyridine nucleotide
FAD Flavin-adenine dinucleotide
FMN Riboflavin 5'-phosphate
GSH Glutathione
GSSG Oxidized glutathione
NADb Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (cozymase, Coenzyme I, diphosphopyridine
nucleotide)
NADPb Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (Coenzyme II, triphosphopyridine
nucleotide)
NMN Nicotinamide mononucleotide
TPNC Triphosphopyridine nucleotide

3. Miscellaneous

ACTH Adrenocorticotropin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, or corticotropin

CM-cellulose 6>-(Carboxymethyl)cellulose
DEAE-cellulose 6>-(Diethylaminoethyl)cellulose
DDT 1,1 ,l-Trichloro-2,2-bis(/?-chlorophenyl)ethane
EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
H b,H bC 0,H b02 Hemoglobin, carbon monoxide hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin
pi Inorganic orthophosphate

R eplaced by NAD (also DPN* by N A D \ DPNH by NADH).

bGeneric term; oxidized and reduced forms are NAD+, NADH (NADP+, NADPH).
R eplaced by NADP (also TPN+ by N A D P\ TPNH by NADPH).
 7

PPj Inorganic pyrophosphate

TE AE-cellulose 0-( T riethylaminoethyl)cellulose
Tris Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan (2-amino-2-hydroxymethylpropane-l ,3-diol)

4. Nucleic Acids

DNA, RNA Deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid (or -nucleate)

hnRNA Heterogeneous RNA
mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA
cRNA Complementary RNA
mRNA Messenger RNA
nRNA Nuclear RNA
rRNA Ribosomal RNA
tRNA Transfer RNA (generic term; sRNA should not be used for this or any other
purpose)
tRNAAla Alanine tRNA; tR N A ^ a , tR N A ^,a : isoacceptor alanine tRNA’s
AA-tRNA Aminoacyl-tRNA; aminoacylated tRNA; “ charged” tRNA (generic term)
Ala-tRNA or
Ala-tRNAAla Alanyl-tRNA
tRNAMet Methionine tRNA (not enzymically formylatable)
tRNAfMet or
tRNAf1et Methionine tRNA, enzymically formylatable to . . .
fMet-tRNA Formylmethionyl-tRNA (small f, to distinguish from fluorine F)

SYMBOLS

Symbols are distinguished from abbreviations in that they are designed to represent
specific parts of larger molecules, just as the symbols for the elements are used in
depicting molecules, and are thus rather systematic in construction and use. Symbols are
not designed to be used as abbreviations and should not be used as such in text, but they
may often serve this purpose when space is limited (as in a figure or table). Symbols are
always written with a single capital letter, all subsequent letters being lower-case (e.g., Ca,
Cl, Me, Ac, Gly, Rib, Ado), regardless of their position in a sequence, a sentence, or as a
superscript or subscript.
Some abbreviations expressed in symbols as examples of the use of symbols:
Dimethylsulfoxide Me, SO a
Tetranitromethane ( N O ,) ,C b
Guanidine hydrochloride Gdn • HC1 c
Guanidinium chloride GdmCl
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide CtMe,NBr d
Ethyl methanesulfonate MeS03 Et
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine MeN2 0 3 Gdn
-nitrosourea -Nur e
-nitrosamine -Nam **
-fluorene -Fin
Aminofluorene NH2 Fin
Acetylaminofluorene AcNHFln g
Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene Ac(AcO)NFln
W-Acetylneuraminic acid AcNeu b

aReplaces DMSO.
bReplaces TNM.
c Replaces Gu, Gd, and G.
^Replaces CTAB (similarly for other ammonium
compounds).
eReplaces NU.
^Replaces NA.
^Replaces AAF.
hNot NANA.
8 Handbook o f Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

TRIVIAL NAMES

I. Vitamins, Coenzymes, and Related Compounds

A. Vitamin A (Reference B la)

“The term vitamin A should be used as the generic description for all 0-ionone
derivatives, other than provitamin A carotenoids, exhibiting qualitatively the biological
activity of retinol. Thus, phrases such as ‘vitamin A activity,’ ‘vitamin A deficiency,’ and
‘vitamin A in the form o f . . .’ represent preferred usage. . . .”
“The term provitamin A carotenoid should be used as the generic descriptor for all
carotenoids exhibiting qualitatively the biological activity of jS-carotene. When referring
to the biological activity of the provitamin A carotenoids, the phrase ‘provitamin A
activity’ represents preferred usage.” *
in tern atio n al Union of Nutritional Science (I.U.N.S.), Nutr. Abstr. Rev., 40, 395 (1970).

Name(s)

Retinol [vitamin A o r A, ; vitamin A or alcohol;

axerol; axerophthol] a,b
Retinal(dehyde) [vitamin A or A! aldehyde;
retinene] b
Retinoic acid [vitamin A or A x acid] b
3-Dehydroretinol or dehydroretinol [vitamin A2 ] c,b
3-Dehydroretinal(dehyde) or dehydroretinal-
(dehyde) [retinene-2] b
3-Dehydroretinoic acid or dehydroretinoic acid

a 2 ,6 ,6 -Trimethyl-1 -(9'-hydroxy-37'-dim ethylnona-l',3'5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-

1-ene.
bFormer or alternate names.
c 2,6,6-trimethyl-l-(9'-hydroxy-3'-7'-dimethylnona-l',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohexa-
1,3-diene.
 9

B. Vitamin D (Reference Bla)

“The term vitamin D should be used as the generic descriptor for all steroids exhibiting
qualitatively the biological activity of cholecalciferol.* Thus, phrases such as ‘vitamin D
activity’ and ‘vitamin D deficiency’ represent preferred usage.” **

a9,10 Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3/3-ol; ester name substitutes -yl for -ol in

trivial name (I.U.N.S.).
^9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19), 22-tetraen-3/3-ol; ester name substitutes -yl for -ol,
in trivial name (I.U.N.S.).

*Replacing ergocalciferol (A.I.N.).

^International Union of Nutritional Science (I.U.N.S.), Nutr. Abstr. Rev., 40, 395 (1970); American
Institute of Nutrition (A .I.N .),/. Nutr., 99, 244 (1969).

C. Vitamin E, Vitamin K, and Coenzyme Q (References Bla Bib, and B3)

“The term vitamin E should be used as the generic descriptor for all tocol and
tocotrienol derivatives exhibiting qualitatively the biological activity of a-tocopherol.
Thus, phrases such as ‘vitamin E activity,’ ‘vitamin E deficiency,’ and ‘vitamin E in the
form o f . . .’ represent preferred usage.” *
“The term vitamin K should be used as the generic descriptor for 2-methyl-l ,4-
naphthoquinone and all derivatives exhibiting qualitatively the biological activity of
phytylmenaquinone (phylloquinone). Thus, phrases such as ‘vitamin K activity’ and
‘vitamin K deficiency’ represent preferred usage.” *t

in tern atio n al Union of Nutritional Science (I.U.N.S.), Nutr. Abstr. Rev., 40, 395 (1970).
^American Institute of Nutrition (A.I.N.), J. Nutr., 99, 244 (1969).
 10
Summary o f Chemical Relationships and Nomenclature of Some Biologically Active Quinones with Isoprenoid
Side-Chains, Including Vitamins E and K and Coenzyme Q (Recommended Names are in Boldface)

Aromatic nucleus Side-chain Trivial name(s) Abbreviations Cyclized form Trivial names Abbreviations

1,4-Naphthoquinone 3-(prenyl)n Menaquinone-n MK-n 2//-N aphtho| 1,2b | pyran-6-ol M enachromenol-(n-l) MK-n-el
2-methyl- Preny Imenaquinone-n * MQ-n' (2,5-substituted)
Menaquinone* n = 10: vitamin K2 (50)**
(Menadione) n = 7: vitamin K 2 (35)**
n- 6: vitamin Kj (30)**

3-Phytyl Phylloquinone K Phyllochromenol K-el

Phytylmenaquinone* PMQ’
= vitamin K, (20)**
Handbook o f Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

1,4-Benzoquinone Ubiquinone-n Q-n 7,8-Dim ethoxy-2//-chromen-6-oI Ubichrom enol-(n-l) .Q-M-el

2.3-dim ethoxy- n = 10: coenzym e 0 , o ** 0-10 (2,5-substituted) n = 10: ubichromenol-9
5-methyl- = ubiquinone-50** = ubichrom enol(50)**
n - 6 : coenzym e ** 0-6
= ubiquinone-30**

1,4-Benzoquinone Tocoquinone-w Tocochrom anol-(n-l)

2,3,5-trimethyl- n = 10: vitamin, Ej (50)**
n = 4: cf. 2,3,5-trim ethyltocotrienolquinone
 Summary of Chemical Relationships and Nomenclature of Some Biologically Active Quinones with Isoprenoid
Side-Chains, Including Vitamins E and K and Coenzyme Q (Recommended Names are in Boldface) (continued)

1,4-Benzoquinone 6-(prenyl)„ Plastoquinone-n PQ-n P t a s t o c h r o m a n o l- ( n - l ) PQ-z/al

2,3-dimethyl- n - 9: plastoquinone** PQ-9 Me Plastochromanol-3
\ PQ-3-al
= Kofler’s quinonc** b II i : Mer
J'H 7,8-dim ethyltocotrienol 7.8-T-3
= plastochromenol-x PQ-8-cl Me ° -in- 1 = 7 -tocotrienol**
= solanochromcne** Me = 17-tocopherol* *

1,4-Benzoquinone 6-“phytyl” x-Tocopherolquinone(s) x-TQ Cyclized, reduced form Jt-Tocopherol(s) x-T

(2,3,5-substituted) a(Ra = Rb - Rc = Me) =
X Chroman-6-ol 5,7,8-trim ethyltocol
R a R b Rc
a Me Me Me (oxidized vit. E) (Benzopyran-6-ol) = vitamin E**
0 Me Me (2,5,7,8-substituted) Tocol: Ra = Rb = Rc = H
7 Me Me (cf. plastoquinonc)
f Me Rc

6-“ tetraprenyr’ x-Tocotrienolquinone(s) x-TQ-3 x-Tocotrienol(s) x-T-3

x = 2,3,5-Trimethyl- 2.3.5- TQ-3 Rc x = 5,7,8-Trimethyl = 5,7,8-T-3
= a** (cf. tocoquinone-4) tocochromanol-3
x = 2,5-Dimethyl- 2.5- TQ-3 = or-tocotrienol**
^ ^ 3 1 Me Me
= 0** HO^Cl T t \ / r
= f-tocopherol**
x = 2,3-Dimethyl- 2.3-TQ-3 x = 5,8-Dim ethyl 5.8- T-3
= 7 ** (cf. plastoquinone-4) Rb ^ Y ^ J3 = c-tocopherol**
x = 2-Methyl- Rc x = 7,8-Dimethyl = 7.8- T-3
= &** plastochromanol-3 PQ-3-al
= 7-tocotrienol**
= n-tocopherol**

♦Proposed by Committee on Nomenclature of IUNS [Nutr. Abstr. Rev.,] 40, 395, (1970), where differing from those recommended here.
♦♦Names previously used (see first paragraph in introductory section), are not recommended.
11
12 Handbook o f Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

D. Vitamin B-6 (Reference B2)

“The term vitamin B should be used as the generic descriptor for all 2-methylpyridine
derivatives exhibiting qualitatively the biological activity of pyridoxine. This term should
be used in derived terms such as vitamin B-6 deficiency, vitamin B-6 activity, vitamin B-6
antagonists.”
‘Pyridoxine’ should not be used as a generic term synonymous with ‘vitamin B-6.’
Pyridoxol should not be used as a synonym for pyridoxine.

Group in position

4 5 Name Abbreviation Symbol1

-C H 2OH -C H 2OH Pyridoxine (not pyridoxol) PNb Pxn

- c h 2- - c h 2o h Pyridoxyl - Pxy-
-C H = 0 - c h 2o h Pyridoxal PLb Pxl
—CH= - c h 2o h Pyridoxylidene - Pxd=
- chnh2 - c h 2o h Pyridoxamine PMb Pxm
-COOH - c h 2o h 4-Pyridoxic acid - —
-COOH-(lactone) - c h 2o h 4-Pyridoxolactone — _
-C H 2OH -C H O Isopyridoxal - —
- c h 2o h -COOH 5-Pyridoxic acid - —
-C H 2OH-(lactone) -COOH 5-Pyridoxolactone - —
-C H 2OH - c h 2o p o 3 h 2 Pyridoxine 5'-phosphatec PNPb Pxn -P
-CH O - c h 2o p o 3 h 2 Pyridoxal 5'-phosphatec PLPb Pxl-P
- chnh2 - c h 2o p o 3h 2 Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphatec PMPb Pxm -P

Group in position

4 5 2 6 Name

-C H = 0 - ch3 —CH3 H 5'-Deoxypyridoxal

-C H = 0 -CH (CH 3)OH - ch3 H 5'-Methylpyridoxal
-C H = 0 - c h 2o h -H H 2-Demethylpyridoxal or 2-norpyridoxal
-C H = 0 - c h 2o h - c 3h 7 H 2-Propyl-2-norpyridoxal
-C H = 0 - c h 2o h - ch3 ch3 6-Methylpyridoxal
- ch3 - c h 2o h - ch3 H 4-Deoxy pyridoxine

aFor use in combination with similar symbols (e.g., Lys, Me, P) or names, in accord with
general rules of symbolism (pp. 5 et. seq. )
bNot recommended. Use full name (see Footnote c).
cOr -5-P or 5'-P- for 5'phosphate (or -P alone).

E. Vitamin B-12: Corrinoids (Reference B id)

“The term vitamin B -1 2 should be used as the generic descriptor for all corrinoids
exhibiting qualitatively the biological activity of cyanocobalamin. Thus, phrases such as
‘vitamin B—12 activity’ and ‘vitamin B—12 deficiency’ represent preferred usage. The
term corrinoids should be used as the generic descriptor for all compounds containing the
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 Chapter XXVIII.
1‒8 (compare xxii. 17‒19).
His charge to the chief men of Israel concerning the
building of the Temple.

The glorious reign now reaches a fitting climax. David summons

the assembly of all the princes and commanders of Israel, and, in the
presence of the heir to the throne, addresses them in a final oration.
He recounts his Divine election and rule over Israel and the promise
that the same Divine Power will be with Solomon his son (xxviii. 1‒
10). Then, handing over to Solomon the inspired plans for the
Temple (11‒21), and briefly describing the treasures he has
amassed for its enrichment (xxix. 1‒5) he appeals to the liberality of
the people and is met by a magnificent response (6‒9). Finally, in a
prayer of fine humility and faith (10‒20), he commends his son and
his people to the eternal and all-powerful God of Abraham, Isaac,
and Israel. How immense the contrast between this and the
pathetically real picture of the closing days of David portrayed in 1
Kings i., ii. 1‒11! There the dying monarch is seen, exhausted in
mind and body, surrounded by the intrigues of an Eastern palace.
With a last flicker of his strength, he rouses himself to secure the
succession of Solomon by firm but ruthless orders against the
leaders of the opposing faction. Whilst the narrative in Kings is
indispensable to us in preserving some record of the actual history of
the last days of David, Chronicles is also of great value in its own
way as a religious interpretation of history (Introduction pp. liii, lv).
Rightly understood, this farewell speech is in many respects a noble
and inspiring passage of Scripture: so ought a perfect reign to end.
Here David dies, leaving his country peaceful, powerful, and
contented. He dies believing that his people’s true prosperity is in its
zeal for the worship of God; and for that end, with the popular
approval, he has made marvellous preparation. And lastly he dies, in
no vain-glorious spirit, but conscious of the littleness of man and the
majesty of God, and in humble dependence on the continuance of
Grace.
 ¹And David assembled all the princes of
Israel, the princes of the tribes, and the
captains of the companies that served the king
by course, and the captains of thousands, and
the captains of hundreds, and the rulers over
all the substance and possessions ¹ of the king
and of his sons, with the officers ², and the
mighty men, even all the mighty men of valour,
unto Jerusalem.
¹ Or, cattle. ² Or, eunuchs.

1. the princes of the tribes] Compare xxvii. 16‒22.

the captains of the companies] See xxvii. 1‒15.

the rulers] See xxvii. 25‒31.

officers] margin eunuchs; the earlier authorities however for

David’s reign (in the books of Samuel) do not mention such persons;
and they were perhaps introduced into the Israelite court at a later
time. Yet compare 1 Samuel viii. 15.

²Then David the king stood up upon his feet,

and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my
people: as for me, it was in mine heart to build
an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of
the Lord, and for the footstool of our God;
and I had made ready for the building.
2. stood up upon his feet] Kings sometimes made orations sitting;
compare Acts xii. 21. Here the king stands to mark the greatness of
the occasion.

my brethren] The king is the brother of his subjects; Deuteronomy

xvii. 15, 20; compare Psalms xlv. 7.

it was in mine heart] See xvii. 1; 2 Samuel vii. 2.

an house of rest] Compare xvii. 5; 2 Samuel vii. 6.

the footstool] compare Isaiah lx. 13.

³But God said unto me, Thou shalt not build

an house for my name, because thou art a
man of war, and hast shed blood.
3. thou art a man of war] See note on xxii. 8.

⁴Howbeit the Lord, the God of Israel, chose

me out of all the house of my father to be king
over Israel for ever: for he hath chosen Judah
to be prince ¹; and in the house of Judah, the
house of my father; and among the sons of my
father he took pleasure in me to make me king
over all Israel:
¹ Or, leader.

4. out of all the house] See 1 Samuel xvi. 1‒13.

king ... for ever] i.e. the kingdom is to abide with David and his
descendants. That the promise, however, was not to be interpreted
as independent of moral conditions, see below verse 9 ad fin.
 ⁵and of all my sons, (for the Lord hath given
me many sons,) he hath chosen Solomon my
son to sit upon the throne of the kingdom of
the Lord over Israel.
5. many sons] compare iii. 1‒9.

he hath chosen Solomon] The earlier histories (Samuel‒Kings)

do not thus speak of God choosing Solomon as David’s successor;
but compare 2 Samuel xii. 24, 25; 1 Kings i. 11‒14.

the throne of the kingdom of the Lord] Compare xxix. 23, the
throne of the Lord. The Chronicler regards the king as the deputy of
Jehovah.

⁶And he said unto me, Solomon thy son, he

shall build my house and my courts: for I have
chosen him to be my son, and I will be his
father.
6. he shall build my house] Compare xxii. 10.

⁷And I will establish his kingdom for ever, if he

be constant to do my commandments and my
judgements, as at this day.
7. And I will establish] Compare xvii. 11.

if he be constant] Literally if he be strong; compare verses 10, 20,

be strong (same word in Hebrew). Compare 1 Kings ix. 4, 5.

⁸Now therefore, in the sight of all Israel, the

congregation of the Lord, and in the audience
 of our God, observe and seek out all the
commandments of the Lord your God: that ye
may possess this good land, and leave it for
an inheritance to your children after you for
ever.
8. and seek out] The same Hebrew word is used in xiii. 3, we
sought not unto it (i.e. the Ark) in the days of Saul.

that ye may possess this good land] possess = inherit. The

Hebrew word connotes three different ideas, which may all have
been present to the mind of the speaker, viz. (1) continued holding of
the land by passing it from father to son (compare Exodus xx. 12),
(2) completion of the work of conquest left unfinished by Joshua
(compare Genesis xxiv. 60), (3) enjoyment of the fruits of the land
(compare Psalms xxv. 13).

9‒21.
David’s Charge to Solomon.

⁹And thou, Solomon my son, know thou the

God of thy father, and serve him with a perfect
heart and with a willing mind: for the Lord
searcheth all hearts, and understandeth all the
imaginations of the thoughts: if thou seek him,
he will be found of thee; but if thou forsake
him, he will cast thee off for ever.
9. know thou the God of thy father] For this use of know compare
Exodus v. 2; Isaiah i. 3; Jeremiah xxxi. 34.

with a perfect heart] i.e. with a single, undivided heart; compare

xii. 33 “they were not of double heart.” In 2 Chronicles xv. 17 the
heart of king Asa is described as perfect, because he took no part in
the idolatrous practices which prevailed in his day. Faithfulness to
Jehovah, not moral perfection, is implied in phrases of this kind.

the Lord searcheth] Compare Ezekiel’s vision of the Lord’s

detection of secret idolatry (Ezekiel viii.).

¹⁰Take heed now; for the Lord hath chosen

thee to build an house for the sanctuary: be
strong, and do it.
10. hath chosen thee] See on verse 5.

¹¹Then David gave to Solomon his son the

pattern of the porch of the temple, and of the
houses thereof, and of the treasuries thereof,
and of the upper rooms thereof, and of the
inner chambers thereof, and of the place ¹ of
the mercy-seat:
¹ Hebrew house.

11. the pattern] Compare verse 12; Exodus xxv. 9. The Temple,
like the tabernacle, was to be constructed according to a pattern or
model communicated by inspiration (see verse 19). A verbal
description rather than a drawing is meant.

the porch] compare 2 Chronicles iii. 4; 1 Kings vi. 3.

the houses thereof] Compare 2 Chronicles xxxiv. 11. “Thereof” of

course refers to the Temple as a whole, and by “houses” we must
understand the various portions of the building.

the treasuries] A different Hebrew word from that used in verse

12. The inner treasuries mentioned here were for treasure; the outer
treasuries (verse 11) were perhaps rather store-chambers.

upper rooms] compare 2 Chronicles iii. 9; and 1 Kings vi. 6

(where however the Hebrew word is different).

the place of the mercy-seat] The Holy of Holies.

¹²and the pattern of all that he had by ¹ the

spirit, for the courts of the house of the Lord,
and for all the chambers round about, for the
treasuries of the house of God, and for the
treasuries of the dedicated things:
¹ Or, in his spirit.

12. that he had by the spirit] i.e. that had come to him by
revelation and rested with him waiting for realisation. Margin, that he
had in his spirit (i.e. in his mind) is a less likely translation.

for the courts] The last verse dealt with the Temple itself; this one
with the courts and detached buildings.

chambers] compare ix. 26, note.

the treasuries] The same Hebrew word as in xxvi. 20; Nehemiah

xiii. 12, 15. See note on verse 11.

dedicated things] xxvi. 26‒28; 2 Chronicles xv. 18.

¹³also for the courses of the priests and the

Levites, and for all the work of the service of
the house of the Lord, and for all the vessels
of service in the house of the Lord:
 13. also for the courses] The verse is best taken in adjectival
connection with the phrase the chambers round about in the
preceding verse: these were used for the treasuries..., and “also for
the courses,” etc. It is possible, however, to take it in the sense “he
gave the pattern also for the courses,” etc.; i.e. the scheme of
rotation set forth in previous chapters.

of the priests and the Levites] Compare xxiv. 1‒31.

¹⁴of gold by weight for the vessels of gold, for

all vessels of every kind of service; of silver for
all the vessels of silver by weight, for all
vessels of every kind of service: ¹⁵by weight
also for the candlesticks of gold, and for the
lamps thereof, of gold, by weight for every
candlestick and for the lamps thereof: and for
the candlesticks of silver, silver by weight for
every candlestick and for the lamps thereof,
according to the use of every candlestick:
14. of gold by weight] sc. he gave the pattern or account of gold,
etc.

¹⁶and the gold by weight for the tables of

shewbread, for every table; and silver for the
tables of silver:
16. tables of shewbread] Elsewhere, except 2 Chronicles iv. 19
(see note on 2 Chronicles iv. 8), only one table for the shewbread is
mentioned; compare 2 Chronicles xxix. 18; Exodus xxxv. 13, xxxvii.
10, xl. 22.
 and silver] Neither the silver tables of this verse, nor the silver
candlesticks of verse 15 are mentioned elsewhere; perhaps they
stood in some of the chambers (verse 12) of the Temple courts for
the use of the Levites in their work.

¹⁷and the fleshhooks, and the basons, and the

cups, of pure gold: and for the golden bowls
by weight for every bowl; and for the silver
bowls by weight for every bowl:
17. fleshhooks] Exodus xxvii. 3; 1 Samuel ii. 13.

basons] These were used for dashing the blood of a victim

against the altar. Compare 2 Chronicles xxix. 22.

the cups] Probably the same as the flagons (Revised Version) of

Exodus xxv. 29 which were used for pouring out the drink offering.

¹⁸and for the altar of incense refined gold by

weight; and gold for the pattern of the chariot,
even the cherubim, that spread out their
wings, and covered the ark of the covenant of
the Lord.
18. the altar of incense] 2 Chronicles xxvi. 16; Exodus xxx. 1‒10.

the chariot, even the cherubim] Compare Ezekiel i. 5‒10, 15‒17.

The Cherubim were poetically conceived as the chariot of Jehovah.
The phrase has its origin in the language of Psalms xviii. 10.

¹⁹All this, said David, have I been made to

understand in writing ¹ from the hand of the
Lord, even all the works of this pattern.
 ¹ Or, the Lord made me understand in writing by his hand
upon me, even &c.

19. All this, said David, have I been made to understand in writing
from the hand of the Lord, even all the works of this pattern]
Compare verse 11, note. As in the case of Moses and the tabernacle
(Exodus xxv. 9, 40), so David’s plans for the Temple are said to be of
Divine origin.

²⁰And David said to Solomon his son, Be

strong and of good courage, and do it: fear
not, nor be dismayed: for the Lord God, even
my God, is with thee; he will not fail thee, nor
forsake thee, until all the work for the service
of the house of the Lord be finished.
20. Be strong] God’s help in the planning is a pledge of God’s
help in the accomplishment. Compare verse 10, which finds its
continuation at this point. The work was great, and Solomon young;
xxii. 5.

be finished] The LXX. shows that a passage which was present

in the Hebrew text of the second century has been later accidentally
omitted from the Hebrew at this point. Add therefore Now behold
the pattern of the porch of the temple and of the houses thereof,
and of the treasuries thereof, and of the upper rooms thereof,
and of the inner chambers thereof, and of the house of the
mercy-seat, even the pattern of the house of the Lord. Torrey,
Ezra Studies, pp. 73, 87.

²¹And, behold, there are the courses of the

priests and the Levites, for all the service of
the house of God: and there shall be with thee
 in all manner of work every willing man that
hath skill, for any manner of service: also the
captains and all the people will be wholly at
thy commandment.
21. every willing man that hath skill] Compare Exodus xxxv. 5, 10
ff.
 Chapter XXIX.
1‒5.
David’s Challenge to Liberality.

¹And David the king said unto all the

congregation, Solomon my son, whom alone
God hath chosen, is yet young and tender,
and the work is great: for the palace is not for
man, but for the Lord God.
1. congregation] or, assembly; the Hebrew word is cognate to the
verb translated assembled in xxviii. 1.

whom alone God hath chosen] Compare xxviii. 5.

the palace] Hebrew bīrāh, a late word in Hebrew, perhaps derived

from Assyrian bīrtu. Ordinarily it denoted a palace or fortress
(compare Nehemiah i. 1; Esther i. 2), and is applied to the Temple
only here and verse 19. In Nehemiah ii. 8 (compare Ryle in loco) the
building which afterwards became the Tower of Antonia (ἡ
παρεμβολή, the castle, Acts xxi. 37, xxii. 24) which overlooked the
Temple is called the castle (bīrāh) which appertaineth to the house.
In Nehemiah i. 1 Shushan is described as a bīrāh, probably as being
a fortress as well as a royal city. See G. A. Smith, Jerusalem, II. 347.

The Temple is frequently called hēykāl (palace, great house) in

the Old Testament, but the normal appellation is simply kabbayith
(the house) or such a phrase as the house of the Lord, or again
qǒdshěkhā (Thy sanctuary).
 ²Now I have prepared with all my might for the
house of my God the gold for the things of
gold, and the silver for the things of silver, and
the brass for the things of brass, the iron for
the things of iron, and wood for the things of
wood; onyx ¹ stones, and stones to be set,
stones for inlaid work, and of divers colours,
and all manner of precious stones, and marble
stones in abundance.
¹ Or, beryl.

2. onyx] or, as margin, beryl. Compare Genesis ii. 12 (margin

beryl).

stones for inlaid work] Compare Isaiah liv. 11, I will lay thy stones
with fair colours (the same word is used in Hebrew).

³Moreover also, because I have set my

affection to the house of my God, seeing that I
have a treasure of mine own of gold and
silver, I give it unto the house of my God, over
and above all that I have prepared for the holy
house;
3. I give it] not all his private fortune, but the splendid offering
announced in verses 4, 5. David then challenges the leaders to
display a like generosity (verse 5).

even three thousand talents of gold, etc.] i.e. about £20,000,000

or £10,000,000 (light standard). The amount is impossibly vast, and
may be compared with the exaggeration noted in xxii. 14.
 ⁴even three thousand talents of gold, of the
gold of Ophir, and seven thousand talents of
refined silver, to overlay the walls of the
houses withal:
4. gold of Ophir] Ophir is probably to be identified with some part
of the south-east coast of Arabia; see note on 2 Chronicles viii. 18.
The reference here is no doubt an anachronism, for it is clear that
Israelite tradition regarded this trade with Ophir as an innovation of
Solomon’s reign (see 2 Chronicles viii. 18, ix. 10 = 1 Kings ix. 28, x.
11).

to overlay] compare 2 Chronicles iii. 4‒8.

the houses] i.e. the porch, the greater house, and the most holy
house; 2 Chronicles iii. 4, 5, 8.

⁵of gold for the things of gold, and of silver for

the things of silver, and for all manner of work
to be made by the hands of artificers. Who
then offereth willingly to consecrate himself ¹
this day unto the Lord?
¹ Hebrew to fill his hand.

5. offereth willingly to consecrate himself] The phrase to

consecrate himself (Hebrew, to fill his hand) means properly to make
himself a priest, and is here used metaphorically. The sense is “Who
will give these gifts for the sacred Temple in the same willing spirit
which is required of a priest in his self-dedication to priestly service?”

6‒9.
The Offerings of the Chiefs of Israel.
 ⁶Then the princes of the fathers’ houses, and
the princes of the tribes of Israel, and the
captains of thousands and of hundreds, with
the rulers over the king’s work, offered
willingly;
6. over the king’s work] See xxvii. 25‒31.

⁷and they gave for the service of the house of

God of gold five thousand talents and ten
thousand darics, and of silver ten thousand
talents, and of brass eighteen thousand
talents, and of iron a hundred thousand
talents.
7. five thousand talents] i.e. of uncoined gold by weight, an
immense sum, compare verse 3.

ten thousand darics] A daric was a Persian gold coin worth about
22 shillings. Used thus in connection with the reign of David, the
word is of course a curious anachronism. The translation of
Authorized Version drams (i.e. drachmæ) may possibly be right. The
value of a gold drachma was about 9s. 5d.

⁸And they with whom precious stones were

found gave them to the treasure of the house
of the Lord, under the hand of Jehiel the
Gershonite.
8. Jehiel the Gershonite] Compare xxiii. 8, xxvi. 21, 22.
 ⁹Then the people rejoiced, for that they offered
willingly, because with a perfect heart they
offered willingly to the Lord: and David the
king also rejoiced with great joy.
9. with a perfect heart] i.e. with a single heart, ungrudgingly.
Compare xxviii. 9, note.

10‒19.
The Blessing of David.

¹⁰Wherefore David blessed the Lord before

all the congregation: and David said, Blessed
be thou, O Lord, the God of Israel our father,
for ever and ever. ¹¹Thine, O Lord, is the
greatness, and the power, and the glory, and
the victory, and the majesty: for all that is in
the heaven and in the earth is thine; thine is
the kingdom, O Lord, and thou art exalted as
head above all. ¹²Both riches and honour
come of thee, and thou rulest over all; and in
thine hand is power and might; and in thine
hand it is to make great, and to give strength
unto all. ¹³Now therefore, our God, we thank
thee, and praise thy glorious name.
11. thou art exalted as head above all] Better thine it is to be
exalted as head over all.

¹⁴But who am I, and what is my people, that

we should be able ¹ to offer so willingly after
 this sort? for all things come of thee, and of
thine own ² have we given thee.
¹ Hebrew retain strength. ² Hebrew of thine hand.

14. be able] Literally retain strength. David praises God for the
great success of the efforts of so transitory a creature as man.

of thine own] Literally out of thine hand, compare margin.

¹⁵For we are strangers before thee, and

sojourners, as all our fathers were: our days
on the earth are as a shadow, and there is no
abiding ¹. ¹⁶O Lord our God, all this store that
we have prepared to build thee an house for
thine holy name cometh of thine hand, and is
all thine own. ¹⁷I know also, my God, that thou
triest the heart, and hast pleasure in
uprightness. As for me, in the uprightness of
mine heart I have willingly offered all these
things: and now have I seen with joy thy
people, which are present here, to offer
willingly unto thee.
¹ Hebrew hope.

15. strangers before thee, and sojourners] David describes

himself and his people not as strangers to God, but as strangers
dwelling before God. In ancient states foreigners were sometimes
allowed to reside in the capital under the immediate protection of the
king or of the heads of the state; compare 1 Samuel xxii. 3, 4, xxvii.
3; 2 Samuel xv. 19; compare also the position of the aliens at
Athens. David appeals to God on the ground that Israel is
immediately under God’s protection. Compare Psalms xxxix. 12.

no abiding] Or, as margin, hope; i.e. no continuance, no hopeful

expectation, apart from the favour of Jehovah.

¹⁸O Lord, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and

of Israel, our fathers, keep this for ever in the
imagination of the thoughts of the heart of thy
people, and prepare ¹ their heart unto thee:
¹ Or, establish.

18. in the imagination] Render, as the imagination. Imagination

here means not the faculty, but the result of the exercise of the
faculty, a mental image or impression.

prepare] Better, as margin, establish. David prays that the

people may continue in their present mind.

¹⁹and give unto Solomon my son a perfect

heart, to keep thy commandments, thy
testimonies, and thy statutes, and to do all
these things, and to build the palace, for the
which I have made provision.
19. a perfect heart] See xxviii. 9, note.

the palace] See verse 1, note.

20‒22.
The Great Rejoicing.
 ²⁰And David said to all the congregation, Now
bless the Lord your God. And all the
congregation blessed the Lord, the God of
their fathers, and bowed down their heads,
and worshipped the Lord, and the king.
20. worshipped] i.e. prostrated themselves.

²¹And they sacrificed sacrifices unto the Lord,

and offered burnt offerings unto the Lord, on
the morrow after that day, even a thousand
bullocks, a thousand rams, and a thousand
lambs, with their drink offerings, and sacrifices
in abundance for all Israel;
21. And they sacrificed] Compare xvi. 1‒3.

²²and did eat and drink before the Lord on

that day with great gladness. And they made
Solomon the son of David king the second
time, and anointed him unto the Lord to be
prince ¹, and Zadok to be priest.
¹ Or, leader.

22. the second time] Compare xxiii. 1. The first time which is
described in 1 Kings i. 39 (Solomon hastily anointed in order to
assert his claim to the throne against his brother Adonijah) is omitted
in Chronicles, unless perhaps the vague phrase of xxiii. 1 “Now
David ... made Solomon his son king over Israel” is intended to refer
to it.
 Zadok] One of Solomon’s earliest acts seems to have been to put
an end to the double priesthood by deposing Abiathar; compare 1
Kings ii. 27, 35. The Chronicler appears to have this in mind, but he
avoids narrating anything so derogatory to the high-priesthood.

23‒25.
The Beginning of Solomon’s Reign.

²³Then Solomon sat on the throne of the Lord

as king instead of David his father, and
prospered; and all Israel obeyed him.
23. the throne of the Lord] See xxviii. 5, note.

²⁴And all the princes, and the mighty men, and

all the sons likewise of king David, submitted
themselves ¹ unto Solomon the king.
¹ Hebrew gave the hand under Solomon.

24. the mighty men] Compare 1 Kings i. 10, 38, from which it is
clear that the faithfulness of Benaiah and the Cherethites and
Pelethites was the main factor in the elevation of Solomon to the
throne.

all the sons] The Chronicler here glances at the submission of

Adonijah (1 Kings i. 53).

²⁵And the Lord magnified Solomon

exceedingly in the sight of all Israel, and
bestowed upon him such royal majesty as had
not been on any king before him in Israel.