CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.

Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

TITLE

(must be inverted pyramid)

A Research Paper Presented

to the

Criminology Department

of the

Christian Polytechnic Institute of Catanduanes, Inc.

by:

(Name of Researchers)

(Dela Cruz, Juan A.)

Researchers

2024

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

Quality basic education is one of the most important educational institutions that
influences and is influenced by other educational institutions Mensah, et. al (2020), The
institution endlessly offers quality education, innovating instruction practice and
enhancing graduates’ performances serve up as an input for professional development
Quiambao. et al. (2015), Similarly, graduates' licensing performance can reflect the
quality and effectiveness of their respective institutions' instruction. The top priority of
any Higher Education Institution (HEI) and State University and College (SUC) here in
the Philippines is high performance in the board program licensing examinations
conducted by the PRC. Gabasa&Raqueño (2021), this examination is designed to
measure the students’ knowledge, competency, skills, and attitude in the practice of their
respective profession as stated by Mohammed and Mohammed (2017), The success of an
institution can be measured through the performance of its graduate in the licensure
examination.

As stated by Manalo and Obligar (2013), the decrease in the passing rate of
Filipino graduates in the various licensure examinations is a symptom of the deteriorating
quality of higher education institutions in the Philippines which can be characterized by
the variety and level of competency of the faculty Bautista, Ducanes and David (2019),
hence, home and family factor have a high influence on the success in CLE, while
student factor, school factor, review center factor, and personal factor have average
influence. Albina et al (2021), truancy affects academic performance drastically and
sometimes even leads to school dropout. other factors such as students’ parental levels of
education and income, textbooks availability and accessibility, libraries, practical
laboratories, meals provision, and teachers have tremendous effects on the academic
performance of students at school Brew, Nketiah, and Koranteng (2021).

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

Background of the Study

Hence, an outcome-based curriculum must be adopted to periodically monitor the

academic performance and behavior as well as the result of the study habits of the
students Laguador and Dizon (2013), The result of this study is consistent with that of
Howell, Kurns, and Antil (2013) explicating that the curriculum being offered in higher
education programs is intended to prepare students to achieve minimum competencies
related to a specific vocation or profession.

The Faculty members should regularly update their knowledge and competencies
along with the subject areas being handled to contribute to the increased passing rate,
enforce a stringent screening and retention policies for criminology students as regards
grade point average and curriculum enrichment, and periodic review the course contents,
in consultation with the subject-experts, should be done Guadamor (2020), all
criminology chairpersons and faculty members must do a careful and thorough
examination of the subjects included in the professional components of the BS
Criminology curriculum Asuncion (2020), State universities and colleges and other
private institutions should adopt several methods to achieve a high passing percentage.
Casama and Ventayen (2020) A graduate with a Baccalaureate degree in Criminology is
required to pass the Licensure Examination from the Professional Regulation
Commission of the Philippines to be considered a Licensed Criminologist to be given full
authority to practice the profession. This is mandated under Republic Act No. 11131
which states that “the law creating the Board of Criminology. To achieve this
expectation, the quality of teaching and learning in higher education institutions must
meet the profession's standards. The passing percentage in the board examination should
be higher than the national passing percentage as a measure of the output of higher
education institutions' quality of teaching and learning.

As one of the province's Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) offering the

Bachelor of Science in Criminology, Solis Institute of Technology aspires to produce
quality graduates and professionals who are competent and mature enough to face the
real world of work after graduation and board examination. Thus, the researchers
envision helping the academic institution to increase its board examination percentage

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

through active engagement of internal and external stakeholders, implementation of well-

planned programs, relevant curriculum alignment, admission and retention policies and
enhancement courses, mock board examination, using the output of this study as a ready
reference.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored on the theory of attribution developed by Shrestha (2017)

and Weiner (1992). Learners learn affected by both personal factors, previously learned
knowledge and past experiences, and environmental factors like the environment of the
home or school. Both these factors are the variables that affected the types of attributions
most likely to be made by the individuals.

This study concentrates on the Academic Performance of Criminology Graduates

and Its Impact on The Licensure Examination for Criminologist (LEC) Of Solis Institute
of Technology (SIT) From 2017 to 2021 the researcher examines the yearly performance
of the Criminology graduates in their academic and licensure examination. The increase,
as well as the decrease in percentages, shall be carefully observed and analyzed in order
to arrive at a higher level of accuracy in the understanding of the impact of the academic
performance in their licensure examination.

Conceptual Framework

Practices
and
strategies Correlation
of academic
Licensure
performance
Examination
and Licensure
for
Examination
criminologist
for
Academic Criminologist
performance

Statement of the Problem

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

The study aimed to analyze the Academic Performance of Criminology Graduates

and Its Impact on The Licensure Examination for Criminologists (LEC) Of Solis Institute
of Technology (SIT) From 2017 to 2021. Specifically, this study was guided by the
following objectives:

1. What are the practices and strategies employed by criminology board passers to
CPIC graduates from year 2018-2023?
2. What is the academic performance of criminology graduates based on their
scholastic records?
3. What is the performance of criminology graduates in the licensure examination
for criminologists from 2018 – 2023?
4. Is there a correlation between the academic performance of criminology graduates
and the Licensure Examination for Criminologists?

Assumption and Hypothesis

There is a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents in terms

of age and sex and the level of performance of criminology graduates in the Licensure

Examination for Criminologist.

Significance of the Study

The researcher embarked on this study because this would benefit groups of
people. The result of this study would be more important to any year level student.

Administrators they are the policy making body of the school. Through the

finding of the study, they can formulate various policies, rules and regulations that would

help emphasize not only the importance of good education but also the importance of

mastering and having a foundation on every subjects that will be taken during licensure

examination.

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

Faculty the teachers are the facilitators and agent of learning and the students are

the active participant of it, so both elements are needed for the learning process to take

place. Since also the teachers or professors are the eye-opener of the students especially

in college students, they would be the one to initiate some ways to improve the

importance of educating the students about the different subjects in criminology. Through

the guide of our findings, they can also properly motivate and guide their students

towards acquiring good study habits and strategies in order to pass the licensure

examination. Also, through the findings of the study the teachers can integrate and use

teaching strategy or technique and teaching on improving the way of teaching especially

the criminology subjects.

Parents the foregoing advice and guidance was started to the parents ever since.

They can be the reason behind the course taken by the students. Thus, the findings of this

study will accord the parents to be informed enough in terms of studying the subjects that

will be taken during licensure examination.

Students/future researchers the students will be given enough idea or

background, in knowing the practices and strategies employed by criminology board

passers. The findings of this study will serve as the related studies of the person who will

almost likely do or create this kind of study.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses on the the practices and strategies employed by criminology

board passers to CPIC graduates from year 2018-2024. This was the delimitation made

by the researchers.

Criminology Department Page |

 CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

The locale of the study is at CPIC specifically, the board passers of licensure

examination for criminologist where one hundred percent would be the respondents of

the study.

Definition of Terms

Age is the length of time that a person has lived, or a thing has existed.

Christian Polytechnic Institute of Catanduanes (CPIC) is where the locale of

the studies conducted.

Practice is the act of rehearsing a behavior repeatedly, to help learn and

eventually master a skill.

Sex is the trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing organism produces

male or female gametes.

Strategy describes how the ends (goals) will be achieved by the means

(resources). Strategy can be intended or can emerge as a pattern of activity as the

organization adapts to its environment or competes. It involves activities such as strategic

planning and strategic thinking.

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies anchored from
foreign and local sources. These are deemed relevant since these will substantiate the
results of the study conducted.

Foreign Literature

Local Literature

Foreign Studies

Local Studies

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

Relevance of the Reviewed Literature and Studies to the Present Investigation

(Synthesis)

CHAPTER III

Method of Research and Procedure

This chapter presents the research method, population and sampling scheme,

description of respondents, research instrument, validation of the instruments, procedures

in gathering data and statistical treatment of data.

Research Methodology

The researcher utilized the descriptive type of quantitative research method,

documentary analysis was employed to determine the academic performance of
criminology graduates and the Licensure Examination for Criminologist examinees
performance from 2018 – 2023 were the subjects of this study. The study analyzed the
relationship and strength of correlation between the graduates’ academic performance
and Licensure examination for Criminologist performance.

Population and Sampling Scheme

This study will be conducted at CPIC one of the private higher education
institutions in the province of Catanduanes specifically situated in the Municipality of
Virac. The participants of the study were the BS Criminology Graduates of this
institution who had undergone the Licensure Examination for Criminologists (LEC)from
the year 2018 to 2023. Both the first timer and repeater examinees were included, there
have two examination schedules conducted every year by the Professional Regulation

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

Commission (PRC). There were ___ passers and ___ non–passers with an overall ___
total respondents.

The population of this study would involve ___ graduates. A total enumeration of

the population will be applied. So, no sampling technique will be used. Thus, purposive

sampling will be applied in the distribution of the questionnaire.

Description of the Respondents

The primary sources of data in this study would be taken from the responses of all

CPIC graduates who took licensure examination for criminologist for the School year

2018-2023.

The respondents of this study were all CPIC graduates who took licensure
examination for criminologist . One hundred percent (100%) or ___ of the total
population were selected respondents. No sampling was used since the total populations
are the respondents of the study.

Research Instruments

The main instrument to be used in collecting the needed data in this study will be

the questionnaire. The questionnaire will have three parts. Part 1 would look into the

profile of CPIC graduates as to age and sex. Part II would deal with practices and

strategies employed by CPIC graduates upon taking licensure examination for

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

criminologist. Part III would deal with the academic performance of CPIC graduates

based on their scholastic records.

Validation of Instruments

The draft of the questionnaire would be submitted to the Research Professor for

comments and suggestions. The comments and suggestions would be incorporated into

the draft. After this, it will be presented to the Research Adviser for review and

evaluation,

and then it will be submitted to the Specialization Committee for face validity and

approval. Once approved, it would be reproduced for reliability testing. The reliability

testing would be conducted on BS Criminology graduates. A 10% of the expected

respondent population would be used as respondents of the reliability testing. The pre-

testing would be conducted to target respondents either online or face-to-face. If there

are suggestions provided by the respondents, it would be incorporated to the

questionnaire before its distribution for post-testing. The distribution of the questionnaire

for post-testing would be conducted after two weeks. The questionnaire after its retrieval

would be tabulated and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. If the questionnaire

is found reliable it would be reproduced for distribution to target respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

The approval of the School President and Vice President on the conduct of the
study was sought. When the approval of the School President and Vice president was
secured, request letters were forwarded to the office of the Dean of College of
Criminology and the registrar’s office of the Solis Institute of Technology (SIT) to obtain
the academic profile in General Education Subjects and Major Subjects. The result of the
Licensure Examination for Criminologists was obtained from the office of the

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). No monetary value was involved in this

study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Frequency count would determine the number of responses for a particular item.
The percentage would be used to indicate the proportion of responses in relation to the
total number of respondents. The weighted mean will be employed to determine the
average responses.

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was utilized to test the

relationship between the graduate’s academic performance and licensure examination for
criminologist performance. It was introduced by Karl Pearson in 1901. The size of the
correlation varies from +1 through 0 to -1.

Chi-square is a statistical test that examines the differences between categorical

variables from a random sample in order to determine whether the expected and observed

results are well-fitting.

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

CHAPTER IV

Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data

This chapter presents the interpretation and analysis of data based on the sub-

problems posited in this study.

Research Methodology

Population and Sampling Scheme

Description of the Respondents

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

CHAPTER V

Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions drawn and the

recommendations made for the study.

Summary

Conclusions

Recommendations

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Books

Potter, S.H., Becker, J.S., Johnston, D.M., & Rossiter, K.P. (2015). An Overview of the
Impacts of the 2010-2011 Canterbury Earthquake. IIJDRR. 8-12.

Adams, Thomas F. (2001). Police field operations (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.

Berry, Gene N. (March, 1984). The uniformed crime investigator: A unique strategy to
protect and serve. [Electronic Version] FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 1-6.

B. Public Documents

Philippine National Police Journal, 3rd Quarter 2008

Philippine National Police Journal, 2nd Quarter 2009

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

Appendix A

Letter to Conduct Research

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

Appendix B

Letter to the Respondents

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

APPENDIX C

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

APPENDIX D

RELEVANT DATA

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

APPENDIX D

DOCUMENTATION

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

Curriculum Vitae

JUAN A. DELA CRUZ

Police Major
REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST

Address :
Contact No. :
Email :

The researcher is a native of Muntinlupa City. He was born on November 1, 2000

in Bayanan Muntinlupa City, by his loving parents, Juan T. Dela Cruz and Juana O. Dela

Cruz.

He studied his elementary education from 2001-2005 in Pilar Village Elementary

School, Las Piñas City and continued his secondary education in Pedro High School

from SY 1996-2000 in Alabang, Muntinlupa City.

He took his Bachelor‘s degree of Criminology in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng

Muntinlupa. During his college, the researcher is a member of a Reserve Officer Training

Course (ROTC) and rich the highest rank designated as a Corp Commander with a full

Criminology Department Page |

CHRISTIAN POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF CATANDUANES, Inc.
Rawis, Virac, Catanduanes

scholar. He was also a member of the Chess Varsity Board 1 and joined a different

tournament Inter-Colleges and Open-tournament and received different awards.

Criminology Department Page |