6

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Representing Quantities
and Solving Problems
Mathematics – Grade 6
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Lesson 1: Represents quantities in real-life situations using algebraic
expressions and equations. (M6AL-IIIe-18)
Lesson 2: Solves routine and non-routine problems involving different
types of numerical expressions and equations. (M6AL-IIIf-19)

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
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respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer : Virna Liza A. Matito
Editors : Teresa R. Manlapaz, Ph.D/ Edna C. Diaz, Ph.D
Joel M. Manlapaz/ Jocelyn E. Hernandez/ Melissa M. Santiago
Reviewers : Mary Rose G. Ga
Illustrator : Jerwin C. Victoria
Layout Artist : Geraldine J. Ismil
Management Team : May B. Eclar Phd CESO III
Rhoda T. Razon EdD, CESO V
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Librada M. Rubio Phd
Ma. Editha R. Caparas EdD
Nestor P. Nuesca Phd
Fatima M. Punongbayan
Arnelia R. Trajano PhD
Salvador B. Lozano

Printed in Republic of Philippines, Department of Education – Region III

Office Address: Matalino St., Government Center, Maimpis, City of San Fernando (P)
Telefax: (045) 598-8580 to 89
E-mail Address: region3@deped.gov.ph
 6

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Representing Quantities
and Solving Problems
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master in Representing quantities in real-life situations using algebraic
expressions and equations.; Solving routine and non-routine problems
involving different types of numerical expressions and equations. The scope
of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are
now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. represent quantities in real-life situations using Algebraic expressions and

equations. (M6AL-IIIe-18)
2. solve routine and non-routine problems involving different types of
numerical expressions and equations. (M6AL-IIIf-19)

What I Know

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a
sheet of paper.

1. It is a Mathematical phrase that uses variables, numerals, and operation

symbols.
A. algebraic expression C. numerical expression
B. constant D. variable

2. It is an expression that combines numbers and one or more operation

symbols.
A. algebraic expression C. numerical expression
B. constant D. variable

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3. It is any letter or symbol that represents a number.
A. algebraic equation C. numerical expression
B. constant D. variable

4. It has a fixed value that does not change.

A. algebraic equation C. constant
B. algebraic expression D. variable

5. Translate five increased by x.

A. 5-x C. 5/x
B. 5+x D. 5x

6. If thrice a number is increased by 11, the result is 35. What is

the number?
A. 7 C. 9
B. 8 D. 33

7. If twice a number is decreased by 13, the result is 9. What is the number?

A. 10 C. 12
B. 11 D. 15

8. Seven less than twice a number is 15. What is the number?

A. 11 C. 13
B. 12 D. 14

9. Karen saved ₱200.00 this week from her allowance. If this amount is
₱50.00 more than twice the amount she saved last week, how much did
she save last week?
A. ₱70.00 C. ₱80.00
B. ₱75.00 D. ₱100.00

10. Margaret went to the mall to buy some clothes. As she waited for her
turn to pay, she was thinking of how much she needed to pay. The
cashier told her that the total amount she needed to pay was ₱3,262.00.
She chose to buy 2 blouses for ₱356.00 each and 3 pairs of pants. How
much is the price of each pair of pants?
A. ₱750.00 C. ₱850.00
B. ₱800.00 D. ₱855.00

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 Lesson Representing Quantities in
Real-Life Situations
1 Using Algebraic Expressions
and Equations
In Mathematics, an Algebraic Expression is an expression built up from
integer constants, variables and the algebraic operations.
An Algebraic Equation can be defined as a Mathematical statement in
which two expressions are set equal to each other. In simple words, equations
mean equality.
Through this module, you will find out how to represent quantities using
algebraic expressions and equations.

What’s In

Algebraic expression is a Mathematical phrase that uses variables,

numerals and operation symbols.

Example:
A kite is flying at an altitude of m meters.

a. Express algebraically its new altitude after rising for 25meters.

m meters increased by 25
m + 25

Algebraic expression: m +25 →The kite’s new altitude is 25 meters more than
m meters.

b. Express algebraically its new altitude after falling 10 meters. {Not

related to (a)}
m meters diminished by 10
m - 10

Algebraic expression: m -10 →The kite’s new altitude is 10 meters less than
m meters.

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 c. Represent algebraically its new altitude after tripling its altitude.
Translate:
3 multiply by m meters
3 x m

Algebraic expression: 3 x m or 3m or 3 • m or (3)(m) →The kite’s new altitude

is 3m meters.

Direction: Give the expressions of the following verbal phrases: Write your
answers on a sheet of paper.

1. The sum of six and a number

2. Eight more than a number
3. A number plus five
4. A number decreased by nine
5. Ten times a number

What’s New

Direction: Read and study the problem.

Maricel buys 5 star apples for ₱5.00 each and 3 guyabanos for ₱32.50
each. She gives the cashier a ₱200.00 bill. Write an expression for the total
cost of the fruits she buys and an equation for the amount of change the
cashier should give her.

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 What is It

Let us use variables to represent the price of each fruit.

Let: m be the price of each star apple which is ₱5.00

n be the price of each guyabano which is ₱32.50
p be the amount of change
Now translate the phrases:
5 star-apples for ₱5.00 each plus 3 guyabanos for ₱32.50 each
5m + 3n

Algebraic expression: 5m + 3n ← This represents the total cost of 5 star-apples

for ₱5.00 each and 3 guyabanos for ₱32.50 each.
200 minus total cost of the fruits is the amount of change
200 - (5m + 3n) = p

Algebraic Equation: 200 – (5m + 3n) = p ← The amount of 5m + 3n when

subtracted from ₱200.00 bill will result to the amount of change (p).

Algebraic Equation is a Mathematical sentence with an equal sign (=)

which shows that two expressions or both sides are equal.
The symbol = is read “equals” and separates an equation into two parts:
the left member and the right member.
Common words Translated as = equal or equals, is/are, is equal to, result
is, yields.

Example:
1. Mr. and Mrs. Panen own a laundry shop. They had 134 customers this
week, 18 fewer than last week. Write an Algebraic equation for the number
of customers they had last week.
Let c be the number of customers they had last week.

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 Translate:
Eighteen fewer than the number last week is 134
c– 18 = 134

Algebraic equation: c – 18 = 134

2. Aling Martha, when asked about her age, replies, “I am six years older
than twice the age of my youngest child.” Express her age in Algebraic
equation if her age now is 66.
Let a be the age of Aling Martha’s youngest child.

Translate:
six years older than twice the age of my youngest child is 66
2a + 6 = 66

Algebraic equation:2a + 6 = 66 → Aling Martha’s age

3. The grade 6 basketball team scored three less than thrice as many points
as their opponent. Their total score at the end of the game was 108. Write an
Algebraic equation for the number of points they earned.
Let s be the score of the Grade 6’s opponent team.

Translate:
three less than thrice as many points as their opponent is 108
3s – 3 = 108
Algebraic equation: 3s - 3 = 108

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 What’s More

I. Direction: Write an expression to represent each of the following.

Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

1. Four times ten divided by five

2. Twelve diminished by two
3. Six times three added to seven
4. Eight added to the product of five and three
5. Twenty-five added to two

II. Direction: Write an equation to represent each of the following.

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The sum of a number and five is twelve.

2. Twice a number decreased by six is equal to sixteen.
3. If nine is added to the difference of a number and nineteen, the sum is
ninety.
4. Twice the sum of a number and two is twenty-two
5. The product of thirteen less than thrice a number and five will result
to forty-five.

What I Have Learned

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Choose your answers
inside the box. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

Algebraic Expression Algebraic Equation words

phrases letter equal sign

1. ________________is a Mathematical phrase that uses variables, numerals

and operation symbols.
2. Algebraic Equation is a Mathematical sentence with an ______________
which shows that two expressions or both sides are equal.
3. To represent real-life verbal expressions, familiarity with ________and

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4. ______________ associated with symbols or operations are important.
5. In _____________, common words translated as “=” are were, was, is equal
to, and result is.

What I Can Do

Direction: Do what is asked in each problem. Write your answers on a sheet

of paper.

1. Jocelyn and Linda own a bakery. They had 338 customers this week, 55
fewer than last week. Write an Algebraic equation for the number of
customers they had last week.
(Let c be the number of costumers they had last week.)

2. My brother, when asked about her age, replies “I am three years younger
than twice the age of my older sister.” Express her age in Algebraic
equation if her age now is 45.
(Let a be the age of my brother’s older sister)

3. Grade 6 volleyball team scored four less than thrice as many points as
their opponent. Their total score at the end of the game was 95. Write an
Algebraic equation for the number of points they scored.
(Let c be the score of Grade 6’s opponent team.)

4. Migo weighed s kilograms. Express algebraically his weight after he gained

2.7 kilograms.

5. Aki is g centimeters tall. Pierre’s height is 4 less than thrice the height of
Aki. How tall is Pierre algebraically?

Additional Activities
Direction: Solve the problem. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

Write in Algebraic equation twice your age less the age of your best friend.

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 Solving Routine and
Lesson Non-Routine Problems
2 Involving Different Types of
Numerical Expressions
and Equations

To solve an algebraic word problem you need to: Define a variable, write
an equation using the variable, and solve the equation. If the variable is not
the answer to the word problem, use the variable to calculate the answer.

To fully comprehend this lesson, you need to recall first the topic that is
close-related to algebraic expression and algebraic equation.

What’s In

Direction: Translate the following sentences to algebraic equations. Write

your answers on a sheet of paper.

1. Twice a number is equal to six.

2. If three times a number is decreased by two, the answer is seven.

3. The sum of a number and ten is twenty-two.

4. Half of the sum of a number and three is six

5. The difference of seven and a number is equal to six times the number.

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 What’s New

Direction: Read and study the problem.

Mother went to the market to buy fruits for her children. She saw in a
fruit stand a basket of fruits full of bananas and mangoes. The number of
bananas has three times the number of mangoes. As she counted the number
of fruits in the basket, there was a total of 20 fruits. How many bananas and
mangoes were there in the basket?

What is It

The number of mangoes is unknown, so let us represent n for mangoes.

n = number of mangoes
The bananas are 3x the number of mangoes, so if n is the number of mangoes;
the number of banana is 3n.
3n = number of bananas

Add the number of mangoes and bananas and we will have the
total number of fruits. Since the total number of fruits is 20,
therefore, the equation will be:
3n + n = 20

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*There are different ways to solve equations of the form ax + b = c. Here are
some examples.

Example: Solve the equation 2x + 3 = 17.

Method 1: Guess and Test

Guess values for the variable and substitute to see if a true equation results.

x 1 4 7
2x + 3 2 (1) + 3 = 5 2 (4) + 3 = 11 2 (7) + 3 = 17
2x + 3 = 17 5 ≠ 17 11 ≠ 17 17 = 17

Therefore, 7 is a solution of the equation.

Method 2: Cover Up
In this method, we cover up the term with the variable.

□ + 3 = 17

To make a true equation, the value of □ must be 14. Thus, 2b = 14, b must be
7.
Since 2 x 7 =, b must be 7

Method 3: Work Backwards

The left side of the equation shows that x was multiplied by 2 and then 3 was
added to obtain 17. Thus, if we subtract 3 from 17 and divide by 2, we can
work backwards to the value of x.

17 – 3 = 14 and 14 ÷ 2 = 7

Method 4: Balancing Method

The weight on the left and right sides must be the same. If you add or subtract
a weight from one side, you must do the same on the other side to keep it
balanced.

A. Abstract Representation 2x + 3 = 17

marbles
□□ marbles

l_______l_________l
∆
*Remove the three marbles from each side.

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B. Add (- 3) to both sides (equivalently, subtract from both sides).

□□

l_______l_______l
∆
*Divide the marbles into two equal piles. (one pile for each square).

C. Multiply both sides bt ½ (equivalently, divide both side)

(1/2) 2x = (1/2) 14
(1/2 x 2 ) x = 7
x=7

□□
l________________l_____________________l
∆
*Each square corresponds to 7 marbles.
• Solution- a number that makes an algebraic equation true or correct.

The 4 basic rules for solving equations:

1. Addition Property of Equality: If the same quantity is added to both sides

of an equation, the resulting equation is equivalent to the original
equation.
Example:

Solve: -13 = -5g + 32

Solution:
13 = -5g + 32
-13 – 32 = -5g + 32 – 32 Addition Property of Equality
-45 = -5g + 0 Identity Property of Addition
-45 = -5g
-45 = -5g Division Property of Equality
-5 -5
9=g

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Check:
-13 = -5g + 32
-13 = -5 x 9 +32
-13 = -45 + 32
-13 = -13 True

2. Subtraction Property of Equality: If the same quantity is subtracted from

both sides, the resulting equation is equivalent to the original.

Example:
Solve: c + 18 = 29
Solution: c + 18 = 29
c + 18 – 18 = 29 – 18

By Subtraction Property of Equality, subtract 18 from both sides.

c + 0 = 11
c = 11
To check the answer, we replace 11 for c in the original equation.
Check:
c + 18 = 29
11 + 18 = 29
29 = 29 True

Therefore, the solution is 11.

3. Multiplication Property of Equality: If both sides of an equation are

multiplied by the same (nonzero) quantity, the resulting equation is
equivalent to the original equation.

Example:
Solve: h = 8
5
Solution: h = 8
5
h x = 8 x 5 By Multiplication Property of Equality, multiply
5 both sides by 5.
Check:
h = 8
5
40 = 8
5
8 = 8 True
Therefore, the solution is 40.

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4. Division Property of Equality: If both sides of an equation are divided by
the same (nonzero) quantity, the resulting equation is equivalent to the
original equation.

Example:
Solve: 3 x f = -12

Solution: 3 x f = -12
3xf = -12
3 3 Division Property of Equality
f=-4
Check:
3 x f = -12
3 x -4 = -12
-12 = -12 True

Therefore, the solution is -4.

Therefore, the solution is 9.

What’s More

I. Direction: Solve the following equation. Write your answers on a sheet of

paper.

1. 5y – 2 = 18
2. -32 = 15 + d
3. h/5 = 8
4. 2/4 – 7 = 35
5. 453 + 364 + d = 1000

II. Direction: Write an expression for each problem/situation and solve the
expression. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

1. Helen is 13 years old, Helen’s father is 4 years more than twice her age.
2. Edna is 155 cm tall. Lilia’s height is 10 cm less than twice Edna’s height.
3. Roman weights 25 kilograms. His father weighs 5 kg less than 3
times Romans weight.

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4. Francis is ten years old. Ben is twice as old as Francis.
5. Aning is five years old. I am six years more than thrice her age.

What I Have Learned

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct term to complete the statement.
Choose your answers inside the box. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.

Addition Property of Equality Division Property of Equality

Multiplication Property of Equality Subtraction Property of Equality
Numerical Expression Solution

1. ____________________- if the same quantity is added to both sides of an

equation, the resulting equation is equivalent to the original equation.
2. ____________________- If the same quantity is subtracted from both sides,
the resulting equation is equivalent to the original.
3. ____________________- If both sides of an equation are multiplied by the
same (nonzero) quantity, the resulting equation is equivalent to the
original equation.
4. ____________________- If both sides of an equation are divided by the same
(nonzero) quantity, the resulting equation is equivalent to the
original equation.
5. _____________________-a number that makes an algebraic expression
true or correct.

What I Can Do

Direction: Solve and check. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. x+5=2
2. x – 10 = 22
3. x – 27 = 8 + 10
4. -11 + x + (-48) = 25
5. x – (-16) = 12 + 13
6. x – (-27) = 35 -12
7. 5x + (-55) = 20
8. 96 – 4x = -28

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9. -41 + 3x = -23 – 18
10. -45x – 13 = 77 + 90

Assessment

I. Direction: Solve each problem. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

1. Write an algebraic equation for the cost of 21 liters of gasoline, if x pesos

per liter is ₱2,092.
2. Samantha is y years old now. Write an algebraic equation for Samantha’s
age if her age 5 years from now is 17.
3. Leo is g centimeter tall. Ralph’s height is 4 less than thrice the height of
Leo. Write an algebraic equation showing the difference of Leo’s height
when subtracted from Ralph’s height will result to 240 centimeters.
4. In three years, the price of a new model of an S6-mobile phone will be six
more than twice its current price. If the projected price of the new S6 phone
is ₱40,000, what algebraic equation to express its current price?
5. Romar is twice as old as Mavic. Jaypee is 8 years older than Romar. Write
an algebraic equation showing that twice the sum of Romar and Mavic ages
will result to Jaypee’s age.

II. Direction: Solve each problem. Write the letter of your answers on a sheet
of paper.

1. A family of three adults and three children visited the circus. They went to
the ticket booth to purchase tickets for all the rides and games. The total
cost of the family’s ticket was ₱1,560.00. If an adult ticket costed ₱280.00,
how much was the ticket cost for each child?
A. ₱140.00 C. ₱245.00
B. ₱240 D. ₱250.00
2. In Baguio City, a horse ride costs ₱120.00 per person for the first 30
minutes and ₱50.00 for every additional 10 minutes. If you spent ₱270.00
for a horse ride, for how long did you ride?
A. 1 hour C. 2 hours
B. 1 ½ hour D. 3 hours
3. There are 56 pupils in a class. Thirty-six of them joined the fieldtrip. Write
an equation to find the number of pupils who did not join the fieldtrip.
A. 56 - 36 = 20 C. 56 - 30 = 26
B. 56 – 6 = 50 D. 56 x 2 =112

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4. The average of 6 numbers is 15. The average decreases by 1 when the 7 th
number is added. What is the value of the 7th number?
A. 7 C. 9
B. 8 D. 10
5. During the council meeting, the number of women is 2 times the number
of men. How many women and men attended the meeting if there were 30
people present?
A. 10 women and 20 men C. 20 women and 10 men
B. 15 women and 15 men D. 30 women and 10 men

Additional Activities

Direction: Solve the problem. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

The difference between two-thirds of s number and one-sixth of the same

number is seventy-five. What is the number?

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 18
What's In
What’s More 1. 6+7 What I Know
2. y+8
I. 1. (4x10)/5 3. n+5 1. A
2. 12-2 4. n-9 2. C
3. 7 + (6x3) 5. 10n or 10•n 3. D
4. (5x3)+ 8 4. C
5. 2 + 25 5. B
II. 6. B
1. S+5=12 7. B
2. 2b-6=16 8. A
3. (n-19) + 9 = 90 9. B
4. 2 (c+2)=22 10. C
5. 5 (3d-13)=45
What I Can Do
1. C – 55 = 338
What I Have learned
2. 2a – 3 = 45
3. 3c – 4 = 95 Additional Activities
1. Algebraic
Expression 4. S + 2.7
5. 3g – 4 The answers will depend
2. equal sign on the age given by the
3. Words
learner.
4. Phrases
5. Algebraic Equation
Lesson 1
Answer Key
 19
What’s More
What I Have Learned
I. 1. y = 4
1.Addition Property of
Equality 2. d = -47 What's In
3. h = 40
2. Subtraction Property of
4. z = 168 1. 2x = 6
Equality 5. d = 183 2. 3b – 2 = 7
II. 3. B + 10 = 22
3. Multiplication Property
of Equality 4. X + 3 =6
1. 13 (2) + 4 = 30 2
4. Division Property of 5. 7 – a = 6a
2. 155 (2) – 10 = 300cm
Equality
3. 25 (3) – 5 = 70 kg
5. Solution
4. 10 (2) = 20 years old
5. 5 (3) + 6 = 21 years old
What I Can Do
Assessment
1. X= -3 (I)
2. X= 32
3. X= 45 1. 21x = 2092
4. X= 84 2. Y - 5 = 17
3. ( 3g – 4 ) -g = 240
5. X= 9 Additional Activities
4. 2n + 6 = ₱40,000
6. X= -4 5. 2 (2y + y) = 2y + 8
7. X= 15 150
8. X= 31
9. X= 0 (II)
10. X= -4 1. B
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. C
Lesson 2
Answer Key
References
A. Book

Burgos, Jaime, Marjoseph Perez and Donnel Placer. 21st Century

MATHletes Textbook for Grade 6. Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal
Group, Inc., 2016., pp. 224-246

Burgos, Jaime, Marjoseph Perez and Donnel Placer. 21st Century

MATHletes Teacher’s Manual for Grade 6. Quezon City, Philippines:
Vibal Group, Inc., 2016., pp. 91-97

B. Electronic Sources

BYJU’s Learning App. Accessed December 27, 2020

bygus.com/maths/algebraic-expressions/

Online Math Learning.com- Accessed December 30, 2020

onlinemathlearning.com/algebraic-expressions.html

Brainfuse Empower Learning- Accessed January 3, 2021

brainfuse.com/jsp/alc/resource.jsp?s=gre&c=35234&cc=108822

MELCS per Subject(SY 2020-2021)-DepEd Commons

https://commons.deped.gov.ph/K-to-12-MELCS-with-CG-Codes.pdf

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph