QUICK REVIEW

The Strolling Saint/Pedro Meyer (1991)

A photograph depicting a surreal street scene with an overcast sky. A saintly figure in
white floats above the pavement and casts a shadow on the wall running down the
street. A woman and child are walking up some steps whilst, on the right of the
image, a man is standing under some plastic sheeting.

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Late Visitors to Pompeii/Carel Wilink (1931)
This is a blend of metaphysical, magic realism and surrealism that situates suited

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male figures in a ruined classical city under a smoking volcano.
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Brainpower
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Our Lady of the Iguanas/Graciela Iturbide (1979)
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This photograph of a woman selling iguanas that focuses on the matriarchal nature
of the Zapotec Indian community and documents the role of women as healers,
political leaders, sexual sirens and merchants.
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Aerial Rotating House/Albert Robida (1883)
This shows a house that's been raised up on a rotating table that makes a statement
on overcrowding and access to light and air for urban residents.

The Romantic Dollarscape/Pedro Alvarez (2003)

This shows images of American historical figures like Lincoln, Hamilton, Jackson and
Jefferson plus the representatives of various ethnic groups who landed in Cuba at

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various times—Africans, Chinese, Arabs, indigenous people and Spaniards.

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Weirdos of Another Universe/Avery Gibbs (2003)
A series of paintings that explores the "what ifs" of an imaginary situation where a
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small population of humans suddenly exist within an alien world. It is about the
feeling of being an outsider after having entered a new world, and gradually figuring
out how to find your place within it.
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A Reversible Anthropomorphic Portrait of a Man Composed of Fruit/Giuseppe

Arcimboldo
It is known for anthropomorphic representations of fruits, vegetables, plants, animals
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and objects.
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Kawsbob/Kaws (2010)
This painting is inspired by the cartoon character SpongeBob SquarePants.
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Soup Cans/Andy Warhol (1962)
A painting that reflects the artist's life for twenty years where he used to drink it and
have the same lunch every day over and over again.

Charlie Brown Firestarter/Banksy (2010)

It features a character emptying a red can of gasoline onto the pavement with a
cigarette protruding from his recognizable smiling face.

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Life, Miracle Whip and Premium/Brenda O'Connell (2013)

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This painting zooms in on the everyday even further, focusing on one brand at a time
that includes consumer interest.
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Liberation of Aunt Jemima:Cocktail /Betye Saar (1973)
This painting combines the iconography of the Black Power Movement, political
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violence, and aspirational middle-class American culture. It uses them to critique the
racist stereotypes of black femininity and speak to the revolutionary aims of Black
Liberation movements.
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Julian calendar
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It is the 365-day calendar that Julius Caesar made official in 46 B.C. It replaced a
calendar based on lunar cycles. It provided for a leap year with an extra day every
four years. And included an average of 365.25 days each year.
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Gregorian calendar
It is the system used since 1582 in Western countries of arranging the months in the
year and the days in the months and of counting the years from the birth of Christ.

Japanese calendar
It is based on the reign period of the emperor. Each time a different emperor begins

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to rule, a new counting of the years begins and the period acquires a new name.
2019 - Present ~ Reiwa Era. 1989 - 2019 ~ Heisei Era. 1926 - 1989 ~ Showa Era.

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Korean calendar
It is a lunisolar calendar, meaning that it has both Lunar and Solar features.
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Islamic calendar
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It is based on twelve lunar months and consists of 344 or 345 days; the years are
reckoned from the Hijra (the time when Muhammad left Mecca for Medina and
founded the first Muslim community) in 622.
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Nepali calendar
It follows the Bikram Sambat (B.S) system which uses lunar months and solar
sidereal year and is also called Nepali Patro. The New year in Nepalese Calendar
begins with the month of Baisakh which falls on mid of April in Gregorian Calendar
(English Calendar).
Lunar calendar
It is any of various systems for measuring the days, weeks, and months of the year
that are based on the phases of the moon (= the regular changes in the shape of the
moon as it appears to us on earth)

Rumi calendar

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It presents the official Ottoman/Turkish calendar system, where it follows a Julian
year structure, where March is the start of the year.

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Mayan calendar
It serves as the basis for all other calendars used by ancient Mexican and Central
American civilizations. It was based on a ritual cycle of 260 named days and a year
of 365 days.

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Hindu calendar
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It is based on a year of 12 lunar months; i.e., 12 full cycles of phases of the Moon.
The discrepancy between the lunar year of about 354 days and the solar year of
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about 365 days is partially resolved by intercalation of an extra month every 30

months.
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Solar calendar
It is any of various systems for measuring the days, weeks, and months of the year
that are based on a year of approximately 365 and a quarter day, the time it takes for
the earth to go around the sun once

After the Ball/Charles Harris (1892)

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The song is a classic waltz in 3/4 time. In the song, an uncle tells his niece why he
has never married. He saw his sweetheart kissing another man at a ball, and he

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refused to listen to her explanation. Many years later, after the woman had died, he
discovered that the man was her brother.

Losing My Religion/REM (1991)

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It is an old southern expression for being at the end of one's rope, and the moment
when politeness gives way to anger.
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Pink Flamingo/Alyona Sviridova (1994)
It is a Russian song that tells the story of a pink flamingo and the child of the sunset.
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Freedom! 90/George Michael (1990)

It refers to a singer's past success with Wham! yet also shows a new side of himself
as a new man, who is more cynical about the music business than he had been
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before.
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Black Hole Sun/Soundgarden (1994)

It illustrates the seemingly hopeless fantasy, revealing the darkness hidden
underneath the smiling face of idyllic, white-picket fence American life.
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Singing in My Sleep/Semisonic (1998)

The singer is talking about how he listened to someone's mixtape and it changed his
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mind about something. He feels like he's falling in love too quickly, either with the
person who made the mixtape or the songs they chose. He keeps hearing the
person's voice singing to him in his dreams.

Singing in My Sleep/Semisonic (1998)

The song's meaning is burned.

I Saved the World Today/Eurthmics (1999)

This song explores themes of heroism and self-sacrifice.
Upscaling (Super-resolution)
It is a machine learning task where the goal is to increase the resolution of an image,
often by a factor of 4x or more, while maintaining its content and details as much as
possible. The end result is a high-resolution version of the original image.

Denoising

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It means removing noise from imagery — which is becoming more common in the
field of image processing and computer vision

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Dataset
It refers to a collection of data that is used to train and test algorithms and models.
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Convolutional neural network

It is a type of artificial neural network used primarily for image recognition and
processing, due to its ability to recognize patterns in images. It is a powerful tool but
requires millions of labelled data points for training.
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Backpropagation
It is an algorithm that is designed to test for errors working back from output nodes to
input nodes. It's an important mathematical tool for improving the accuracy of
predictions in data mining and machine learning.

Training

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It is the process of teaching an AI system to perceive, interpret and learn from data.
That way, the AI will later be capable of inferencing—making decisions based on

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information it's provided.

Object detection
It is a computer vision technique for locating instances of objects in images or
videos.

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Semantic segmentation
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It is a deep learning algorithm that associates a label or category with every pixel in
an image. It is used to recognize a collection of pixels that form distinct categories.
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For example, an autonomous vehicle needs to identify vehicles, pedestrians, traffic

signs, pavement, and other road features.
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Image Classification
It is the task of categorizing and assigning labels to groups of pixels or vectors within
an image dependent on particular rules.
Sunset Boulevard/Ed Ruscha
The project began in 1966, when Ruscha the artist mounted a motorized camera in
the bed of a Datsun pickup truck. The camera was pointed at right angles to the road
and fitted with a reel of film allowing for thousands of frames in a single, continuous
session. The truck proceeded slowly. He clicked continuously. He put a sign on the
back saying "Please Pass."

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Ottoman Panorama/ Sebah & Joaillier

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The collection focuses on cultural and urban images, mainly of Constantinople
(Istanbul), the capital of the Ottoman Empire, but other geographic areas, such as
the Balkans, and other cities and towns within the empire such as Bursa and Smyrna
(Izmir) are included, as are a few images from sites in Greece, Egypt, Jerusalem,
India and China.

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Pre-1906 San Francisco/William M. McCarthy
It contains a particularly rare treat for San Franciscans: Photos taken mere
days—and in at least one case just 24 hours—before the 1906 earthquake.
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Images of the Late Qing Dynasty

It shows a Chinese actress and an actor in elaborate costumes; nineteenth-century
travelers of the Silk Road; The Dragon Boat race, seen here on a crowded
Guangzhou waterway, was held during the Duanwu (Dragon Boat) Festival; Portrait
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of a woman carrying a child on her back; a wealthy merchant's garden and pavilion
in Guangzhou; a religious figure in Peking; the section of the Great Wall that includes
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the Nan-K'ou pass leading to Mongolia; two men pose on a man-powered vehicle - a
wheelbarrow typical of late Qing Shanghai
Images of Meiji-Era Japan
It shows the Nagasaki harbor (1890-1910), Cherry blossoms by Shrine (1890-1910),
Dance lesson (1880-1900), View of Yokohama (1880-1910), Samisen (1880-1910),
Pipe Seller (1800s), The Torii of Chugu Shrine by Lake Chuzenji and Mt. Nantai
(1800s), Rickshaw (1880-1910)

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Rosetta Stone

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It is a symbol for different things to different people, is a dark-colored granodiorite
stela inscribed with the same text in three scripts - Demotic, hieroglyphic and Greek.

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Java Man
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It critical for evolutionists because it appeared to be evidence of a creature with traits

in-between apes and humans). The fossils composing Dubois's discovery included
part of a cranial (skull) cap, a left diseased femur (commonly called a thigh bone)
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and two (some accounts list three) teeth.

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Petra
The city where an enormous ceremonial platform which could be more than
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2,000-years-old.
Ocomtun
A city discovered in the deep jungles of Mexico that uncovered the remains of an
ancient Mayan City, which meaning is 'stone column'. The scientists discovered large
pyramid-like buildings, stone columns, three plazas with "imposing buildings" and
other structures arranged in almost-concentric circles scattered throughout the
thousand-year-old ancient settlement.

Taposiris Magna Stele

It is a huge granite statue of a Ptolemaic king that was headless and the original gate
to a temple dedicated to the god Osiris.

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Borobudur
It is a massive Buddhist monument in central Java, Indonesia, 26 miles (42 km)

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northwest of Yogyakarta. It combines the symbolic forms of the stupa (a Buddhist
commemorative mound usually containing holy relics), the temple mountain (based
on Mount Meru of Hindu mythology), and the mandala (a mystic Buddhist symbol of
the universe, combining the square as earth and the circle as heaven).

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HMS Endurance
It was found at a depth of 3008 metres in the Weddell Sea. It was last seen in 1915,
when Irish-British explorer Shackleton (1874-1922) and his 27 men watched in
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dismay as the ship sank into the icy depths. The crew's mission, as members of the
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, was a daring plan to reach the South Pole by
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traveling over the then-unmapped terrain of the East Antarctic.

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Sutton Hoo
It is the site of two Anglo-Saxon cemeteries dating from the 6th to 7th centuries near
Woodbridge, Suffolk, England. Archaeologists have been excavating the area since
1938, when a previously undisturbed ship burial containing a wealth of Anglo-Saxon
artefacts was discovered.

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Montevideo Maru
Its wreck, in which more than 1,000 Australian troops and civilians perished in the

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worst maritime disaster in Australia's history, has been located at a depth of more
than 13,120 feet off the coast of the Philippines—more than 80 years after she was
sunk by a U.S. submarine during World War II.

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Aztec Calendar Stone

It was buried a few decades after the conquest beneath what is now Mexico City's
main plaza, or Zócalo. It was rediscovered in 1790 and mounted on one of the
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towers of the Catedral metropolitan, where it remained until 1885. The central image
of the massive basalt sculpture depicts either the sun deity Tonatiuh or the earth god
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Tlaltecuhtli. Although the 20 days of the 260-day calendar appear on the monument,
it is not a calendar; rather, it is a sacrificial altar that the Aztecs called a cuauhxicalli,
or "eagle vessel."
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Taung Child
It is the first discovered fossil of Australopithecus africanus. Exhumed by miners in
South Africa in 1924, the fossil was recognized as a primitive hominin (member of
the human lineage) by paleoanthropologist Raymond Dart.

Oldowan tool kit

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The artefacts, found at a site in Kenya, are thought to be the oldest known example
of a specific set of stone tools used for butchery and pounding plant material. It is

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viewed as a milestone in human evolution and was assumed to be an innovation of
our ancestors.

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Lucy and Ardi (fossils)
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A pair of ancient members of the human family from Ethiopia. Their discovery has
illuminated one of the greatest mysteries of humanity: why did our ancestors stand
upright? Also named as Australopithecus afarensis.
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Paranthropus robustus
This discovery of a two-million-year-old skull in South Africa is shedding important
new light on microevolution in an early hominin species. It is a relatively
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small-brained species of hominin that lived in South Africa between c.2 and 1.04
million years ago
Tujiaaspis vividus
The discovery shows the primitive condition for paired fins first evolved, where
there's a separation of muscular pectoral fins, retaining long pelvic fins that reduced
to the short muscular fins in jawed vertebrates, such as in groups like placoderms
and sharks.

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Untitled (Lipstick Urinals) | Rachel Lachowicz
The artist recollected unconsciously that this painting is about the loneliness of a

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large city. It is an all-night diner, three customers sit at the counter opposite a server,
each appear to be lost in thought and disengaged from one another. The
composition is tightly organized and spare in details: there is no entrance to the
establishment, no debris on the streets. Through harmonious geometric forms and

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the glow of the diner's electric lighting
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Are You Using that Chair | Banksy

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A humorous reference to Edward Hopper's famous painting The Nighthawks, this oil
on canvas is indeed set in the deserted urban bar or cafeteria known from Hopper's
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image in the artist's social realist style. The artist depicts a threatening chubby man
only wearing Union Jack underwear, pointing angrily at the cracked window of
Hopper's dinner. Two plastic chairs are scattered on the sidewalk around him, and it
appears that he likely threw them in an attempt to break the window. This figure
potentially represents the angry British working class demanding a seat at the elite's
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table.
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Boulevard of Broken Dreams | Gottfried Helnwein
This painting shows a scene late at night in a diner in the USA during the 1950s.
Outside, the street is dark and empty. Inside, there are three people sitting at the
counter, two men and a woman, and there's a barman standing behind the counter.
The couple on the right are smartly dressed and the woman is laughing, but the man
sitting next to her looks worried and unhappy. The barman is smiling, but the
atmosphere of the painting is bleak and lonely. The four people in the painting are all
famous American stars from the 20th century. The barman is the singer Elvis Presley
- 'the king of rock 'n' roll'. The man on the left is the actor James Dean. The woman
is the film star Marilyn Monroe, and the man in the blue suit is the actor Humphrey
Bogart.

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Nighthawks Revisited | Red Grooms

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This version of Nighthawks shows Hopper in the scene looking lonely and
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out-of-place in the very ordinary environment.
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Nighthawks | Moebius
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This version of Nighthawk strikes the perfect balance between reality and fantasy in
a classic style.
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Fountain/Marcel Duchamp (1917)

The artist purchased a urinal from a sanitary ware supplier and submitted it - or
arranged for it to be submitted - as an artwork by 'R.
Fractured Fountain | Mike Bidlo
This version of the Fountain is a handcrafted porcelain copy, which the artist
smashed, re-built, and cast in bronze.

Untitled (Lipstick Urinals) | Rachel Lachowicz

This version explores social constructions of gender by juxtaposing the feminine

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associations of color and lipstick with the appropriation of Marcel Duchamp's overtly
masculine and seminal readymade, Fountain (1917). The artist casts three miniature

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urinals created from bright red lipstick. The result is a complex riddle of femininity
versus masculinity mixed with a satirical yet reverential salute to the history of art.

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Timket Festival in Ethiopia
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In this event, most of the people wear the traditional white clothes during the festival,
draped with a traditional netela, or shawl, for the ceremony, and gather at the
waterfront at dawn to watch the water be blessed by the priest, be sprinkled with it
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and then, in some cases, submerge themselves in it.

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Naadam Festival in Mongolia

It is a national festival celebrated every year from 11 to 13 July that focuses on three
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traditional games: horseracing, wrestling and archery. It is inseparably connected to

the nomadic civilization of the Mongols, who have long practiced pastoralism on
Central Asia's vast steppe.

Ravenna Railroad Festival in Kentucky

It is a celebration of a railroad heritage, where children can decorate their bicycles,
tricycles, wagons, power wheels or just walk.
Heritage Park in Calgary
It is the largest living museum in Canada.

Millennium City Park in Kaifeng

It is a large-scale historical cultural theme park with 600Mu total floor space.

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Spanish Village in Barcelona

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It is an open-air museum with buildings from regions of Spain
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Plimoth Patuxet
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This offers an immersive recreation of a 17th-century English Village. The living

history museum recreates 7 and a half months of 1627 every year. The exhibit
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includes actors portraying historical residents in a painstakingly researched and

reconstructed environment. Even the livestock are heritage breeds.
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Kona Coffee Living History Farm in Hawaii

This gives visitors an opportunity to experience history brought to life by costumed
interpreters who demonstrate traditional crafts, agricultural activities, and the
everyday tasks of people from the past.
Howick Historical Village in Auckland
It is a living history museum on 7 acres of grounds and heritage gardens. The
museum depicts a settlement in the period from 1840 to 1880 and offers visitors an
immersive historical experience.

Spanish Days Festival in California

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It is a beloved Santa Barbara tradition dedicated to honoring and preserving the
city's history, spirit, culture, heritage and traditions. The annual five-day festival,

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called "Fiesta" by locals, takes place at the beginning of each August.

Suzume
This is a Makoto Shinkai's film about a deadly 2011 tsunami in Japan was implied to

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be one of many natural disasters caused by a large worm from another dimension
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The Woman King

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This film is about the tale of a West African kingdom, Dahomey, which battled a rival
kingdom that collaborated with white colonizers on the slave trade.
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Braveheart
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This film is about a Scottish warrior William Wallace who leads his countrymen in a
rebellion to free his homeland from the tyranny of King Edward I of England
Pocahontas
This film is about an English soldier and the daughter of an Algonquin chief share a
romance when English colonists invade seventeenth century Virginia.

Gastrodiplomacy
This means countries promote their cuisines to foreign audiences to attract tourists

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and even achieve diplomatic goals

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Global Hansik
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It is popularizing Korean food for its nutritional and culinary values, and utilizing the
universal appeal of good food and the positive connotations of food preparation.
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Taste of Taiwan
Its government developed Bubble Tea as a national brand through gastrodiplomacy
to introduce its signature drink to the world
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Cocina Peruana Para el Mundo
Its government promoted Nikkei food in the global culinary market. "Nikkei" generally
refers to Japanese emigrants and their descendants, mostly settled in the Americas,
when it comes to food, it has specifically become known as Peruvian.

Brazilian Telephone | Miriam Greenberg (2010)

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This is a cautionary poem about the dangers of unintentional accidents and kids just
playing. It describes a mother busy baking and children playing trying to reenact a

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science experiment. Although the poem ends before the "electrocution" we assume
the child is injured or dies. The happy and idyllic tone makes the tragedy all the more
surprising. Yet, it seems like an excuse, instead of remorse.

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"The Municipal Gallery Revisited" | W.B. Yeats (1937)
The closing lines of this eulogy/poem describes Yate's experience going through the
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Municipal Gallery in Dublin and seeing all the historical figures and recalling how
they lived. It is full of nostalgia and thankfulness for the friends he had over the
years.
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"At the Tomb of Napoleon" | Robert G. Ingersoll (1882)

In the final stanza of his poem, he reflects about Napolean's personal losses of love
and how his acts resulted in widows and orphans. He compares Napolean to country
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peasants who enjoy nature and dies loved by his family and children. In the final
lines he exclaims how all that glory is worthless.
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"Buffalo Dusk" | Carl Sandburg (1920)

This poem is about the buffaloes are gone - those who saw them (Indians) are also
gone - the death of colonized.
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"The Czar's Last Christmas Letter" | Norman Dubie (1977)

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This shows how the idea of class is as much a psychological as a social structure
and how people's perception of class is ingrained in their behavior. This idea is
evident in the relationships that Nicholas describes to his mother.
"This is a Photograph of Me" | Margaret Atwood (1964)
This poem uses the extended metaphor of a drowned woman to describe the way
that women have historically been overlooked in society.

"Photograph From September 11" | Wislawa Szymborska (2005)

This poem describes the emotions of just one horrific aspect of that day and has the

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readers remember the feelings they felt watching those poor people fall from the
Twin Towers.

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"A Brief History of Toa Payoh" | Koh Buck Song (1992)
This poem describes the cultural and physical changes in Singapore

Alcatraz

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This small island was once a fort, a military prison, and a maximum-security federal
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penitentiary.
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Ground Zero
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The 9/11 terrorist attacks on New York destroyed much more than the landmark Twin
Towers of the city's World Trade Center.
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Chernobyl
It is an accident in 1986 in a nuclear power station in the Soviet Union. And it is the
worst disaster in the history of nuclear power generation.
Hiroshima
An American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first deployed atomic bomb over the
Japanese city and the explosion immediately killed an estimated 80,000 people; tens
of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure.

Ford's Theatre

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It is where Lincoln assassinated and this building collapsed killing 22 workers with at
least 68 others injured.

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Pompeii
It was destroyed because of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius on August 24, 79 CE

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Titanic
British luxury passenger liner that sank on April 14-15, 1912, during its maiden
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voyage, en route to New York City from Southampton, England, killing about 1,500
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Auschwitz
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A camp complex carrying out the Nazi plan for the 'Final Solution' that killed more
than 1.1 million people including nearly one million Jews.
Paris Catacombs
Underground ossuaries, which hold the remains of more than six million people. Built
to consolidate ancient stone quarries gate; the ossuary was created as part of the
effort to eliminate the effects of the city's overflowing cemeteries.

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Oriental riff

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Also known as the Asian riff or the Chinese riff, is a musical riff or phrase that has
often been used as a trope or stereotype of orientalism in Western culture to
represent the idea of the Orient, China, Japan or a generic East Asian theme by

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Western culture. The riff is sometimes accompanied by the sound of a gong.
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Arabian riff
Also known as "The Streets of Cairo", "The Poor Little Country Maid", and "the snake
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charmer song", is a well-known melody, published in different forms in the 19th

century. Alternate titles for children's songs using this melody include "The Girls in
France" and "The Southern Part of France". The melody is often associated with the
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hoochie coochie belly dance.

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Andalusian cadence
It is a common Flamenco chord progression, but it can be found in just about every
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musical style. It simply walks down the chords of the minor scale from the i to the V
and returns to i.
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Tarantella Napoletana
It is a courtship dance performed by couples whose "rhythms, melodies, gestures,
and accompanying songs are quite distinct" featuring faster more cheerful music. Its
origins may further lie in "a fifteenth-century fusion between the Spanish Fandango
and the Moresque ballo di sfessartia".

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Hijaz scale
It is a Harmonic Minor. The only difference from the minor scale is a sharpened 7th
note of the scale, which provides a compelling and triumphant major chord to dance

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around when playing progressions. This scale has been always a dominant scale
(Maqam) in the music of the Middle East.
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Jarabe Tapatio
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A dance of Mexican origin, performed by a couple and consisting of nine figures and
melodies, in which the partners often dance facing each other but not touching.
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Into Bondage | Aaron Douglas (1936)

It is a powerful depiction of enslaved Africans bound for the Americas. Shackled
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figures with their heads hung low walk solemnly toward slave ships on the horizon.
Yet even in this grave image of oppression, there is hope.
The Oxbow | Thomas Cole (1836)
This painting depicts a Romantic panorama of the Connecticut River Valley just after
a thunderstorm. It has been interpreted as a confrontation between wilderness and
civilization.

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The Fighting Temeraire | J. M. W. Turner (1838)

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The painting re-imagines the final journey of a 98-gun warship which featured in the
Napoleonic wars and played a significant role in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, being
towed from Sheerness to Rotherhithe to be broken up.

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Llyn-y-Cau, Cader Idris | Richard Wilson (1774)

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Richard Wilson paints this. It is a lake near the summit of Cadair Idris in North Wales.
He heightened the precipice and included imagined landscape features to create a
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balanced, more ordered composition.

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Edge of Town (Krumau Town Crescent) | Egon Schiele (1918)

It is not a comforting or uplifting work. It confronts us with the harsh realities of
human existence - the loneliness, the anxiety, and the existential dread that can
consume us. Yet, amidst the despair, there is also a glimmer of hope, a suggestion
that even in our darkest moments, we can find meaning and connection.
"Si Vas Para Chile" | Los Huasos Quincheros (1942)
The song takes the form of a conversation between a Chilean living abroad and a
person who is going to visit Chile. The Chilean asks the traveler to visit the woman
he loves to express his feelings from afar. He gives directions to arrive at his
beloved's home, describing in the process characteristics of Chile's Central Valley:
willows alongside streams, the Andes mountain range and the townspeople.

"Kalinka" | Ivan Larionov (1860)

Russia's most renowned folk songs, which means snowball tree.

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"The Isle of Innisfree" | Bing Crosby (1952)
It is a haunting melody with lyrics expressing the longing of an Irish emigrant for his
native land.

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"Bonjour Vietnam" & "Hello Vietnam" | Quynh Anh (2006 & 2008)
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The content of the song is about the longing of an overseas Vietnamese for her
homeland.
N

"My Little Town of Belz" | Alexander Olshanetsky & Jacob Jacobs (1932)
This song expresses the longing for Jewish life in Bălţi, Bessarabia.
H
AC

24-hour news cycle

It is requiring news outlets to compete in order to have the most up-to-the-second
news blasted out before others do.
O
C
Clickbait
Typically refers to the practice of writing sensationalized or misleading headlines in
order to attract clicks on a piece of content. It often relies on exaggerating claims or
leaving out key information in order to encourage traffic. The term is generally used
in a dismissive sense.

N
EE
Content farms
Organizations that produce a large number of low-quality videos, memes, social
media posts, and online articles on many different topics, then uses keywords and

N
algorithms so that this content is placed prominently in social media feeds and in
EZ
Google

iPhoneography
N

Making pictures with an iPhone camera. It often refers to taking photos and
immediately sending them to a photo sharing or news site.
H
AC
O

Pivot to video
A phrase referring to the trend, starting in 2015, of media publishing companies
C

cutting staff resources for written content (generally published on their own web
sites) in favor of short-form video content (often published on third-party platforms
such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, etc.
Branded content
A paid promotion tactic holds power and possibility for content marketers. It grabs
consumer attention and showcases the brand's value without appearing overly pitchy
or promotional.

N
Both-sidesism

EE
The practice in the media of presenting both sides of an issue regardless of
evidence, facts, or the credibility of sources— grew out of a pressure on news-
rooms to avoid showing bias in their reporting.

Explanatory journalism
N
EZ
Journalism that seeks to provide greater context than you'd get from a standard
news article, in order to help the audience make sense of and understand the topic.
N

AI-assisted articles
AI was used to generate the core ideas, content, and structure of the article.
H
AC

Excerpts | Trump on Show (2019)

An opera has opened in Hong Kong about Donald Trump - and his fictional twin
brother who lives in China. Other world leaders such as Kim Jong-un and various
O

Chinese politicians are also depicted in the show.

C

"Jones is Not Your Name" | X: The Life and Times of Malcolm X (1986)
It is based on the life of the civil rights leader Malcolm X.

"Prayer" | Come from Away (2017)

Based on the events after 9/11 in Gander, Newfoundland where a small community
welcomed thousands of stranded plane passengers.
"Eva's Final Broadcast" | Evita (1978)
It concentrates on the life of Argentine political leader Eva Perón, the second wife of
Argentine president Juan Perón.

Seven Cities of Gold

Also known as Cibola. They are the mythical lands of gold that the Spanish of the
16th century believed existed somewhere in the southwest of North America,
comparable to the better-known mythical city of El Dorado.

N
EE
Sid Meier's Pirates!

N
It is a 2004 strategy, action and adventure video game developed by Firaxis Games.
EZ
N
H

Doom
AC

Considered one of the first pioneering first-person shooter games, introducing to

IBM-compatible computers features such as 3D graphics, third-dimension spatiality,
networked multiplayer gameplay, and support for player-created modifications
O
C
Ghost of Tsushima
A play style that the player can adopt, the other is the samurai. By completing tasks
and stories you'll increase the Legend of the Ghost. The ghost uses underhanded
yet effective techniques which the samurai consider dishonorable. The tactics
employ stealth, special tools, deception, and fear.

N
EE
Rampage
It is a 1986 arcade game by Bally Midway. Players take control of a trio of gigantic
monsters trying to survive against onslaughts of military forces. Each round is

N
completed when a particular city is completely reduced to rubble.
EZ
Assassin's Creed
Primarily revolve around the rivalry and conflict between two ancient secret societies:
N

the Order of Assassins, who represents freedom, and the Knights Templar, who
represents order.
H
AC
O

Freedom!
It allows for access to a controlled environment using the native GPS on a user's
C

mobile device.
Alphabet (Google)
It was founded October 2, 2015 by Google co-founders Sergey Brin, who will serve
as president of the new company, and Larry Page, who will serve as CEO. They
chose the company's name because the alphabet is "a collection of letters that
represent language, one of humanity's one of humanity's most important innovations,
and is the core of how we index with Google search.

N
EE
Facebook (Meta)
Directly refers to the metaverse that the company hopes to build over the next 10-15

N
years. It is a concept that blends augmented reality and virtual reality together,
providing people with the future of the internet.
EZ
N
H

Netflix (Qwikster)
AC

It is a split that means two different subscription bills and two queues if a customer
wants access to the whole collection.
O
C
Uber (2019)
The company applied data science to its infrastructure, which enabled to compute
optimum datastore and hardware usage to improve efficiency.

N
Twitter (X)
Elon Musk changes its name, which is a symbol of possibility and a reminder that it

EE
is still a work in progress; signaling to make significant changes to the platform.

N
EZ
OpenAI (2024)
N

It is an artificial intelligence research company that produces services such as

ChatGPT. A lawsuit was filed by New York Times against this program for copyright
H

infringement.
AC
O

Dunkin'
C

Rebranded in 2018 after deciding to prioritize its coffee beverages and speedy
service.
Pringles
The intention with the new look is to simplify and modernize the design, giving the
brand's mascot a bold makeover and highlighting the stickability of the crisps across
the range

N
Leeds United

EE
Its new badge aims to reflect the idea of "strength in unity"

N
EZ
T-Mobile
N

It changes its name to Odido with a commitment to a brighter, more customer-centric

future.
H
AC
O

The Gap
C

This high street retailer has been forced to scrap an expensive new logo days after
its launch following an online backlash from consumers.
Royal Mail
It was rebranded in 2001 as Consignia, but it did not last long. It is considered as
one of the most disastrous corporate rebranding efforts in recent history.

N
Rebranding
The process of changing the corporate image of an organisation. It is a market

EE
strategy of giving a new name, symbol, or change in design for an
already-established brand. The idea behind rebranding is to create a different
identity for a brand, from its competitors, in the market.

N
EZ
N

Restructuring
H

The act of organizing a company, business, or system in a new way to make it

operate more effectively
AC
O
C

Hypermarkets
Retail stores that combine a department store and a grocery supermarket.
Franchise
An arrangement in which a company sells another business the right to sell its
products or services in return for payment

N
De-extinction
The process of resurrecting species that have died out, or gone extinct.

EE
N
EZ
Crowdsourcing
The practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting
N

contributions from a large group of people and especially from the online community
rather than from traditional employees or suppliers
H
AC
O

Drop-shipping
It is a form of retail business in which the seller accepts customer orders without
C

keeping stock on hand.

Subscription
It is an amount of money that you pay regularly to receive a product or service

Peer-to-peer

N
Two parties interact to buy or sell directly with each other, without an intermediary
third-party.

EE
N
EZ
Freemium
It is a type of business model that offers basic features of a product or service to
N

users at no cost and charges a premium for supplemental or advanced features.

H
AC

Virtual storefronts
O

Form of interactive media/electronic marketing that allows customers to view and

order merchandise on their computer screens.
C

Razor-and-blades
A pricing tactic in which a dependent good is sold at a loss (or at cost) and a paired
consumable good generates the profits.
Pop-up shops
A temporary retail spaces that are typically used to introduce a new product line, test
a new market or generate awareness for a product or cause.

N
VAR (Value-Added Reseller)
A company that resells software, hardware and other products and services that

EE
provide value beyond the original order fulfillment.

N
EZ
Supermarket Shopper | Duane Hanson (1971)
Duane Hanson used this work to comment on these changes, as well as portray the
N

changes to society. He portrays the excessive buying of this culture, as shown in the
overflowing shopping cart of various junk food items and ready-made packaged
H

materials like chocolate chip cookies and other foods like Coke.
99 Cent | Andreas Gursky (1999)
AC

It was inspired by an experience on the artist's first trip to Los Angeles when he
became "directly fascinated" by a dollar store window while driving at night.
O
C

A Supermarket in California" | Alan Ginsburg (1984)

A whimsical, almost comic poem that uses the supermarket as a metaphoric setting
for dreaming about the possibilities that America offers and lamenting the country it
has instead become.
Dodo
An extinct flightless bird with a stout body, stumpy wings, a large head, and a heavy
hooked bill. It was found on Mauritius until the end of the 17th century.

Wooly mammoth

N
An extinct mammal that was a heavy-coated mammoth of cold northern regions and
is known from fossils, from the drawings of prehistoric human beings, and from entire

EE
dead frozen bodies dug up in Siberia.

N
EZ
Pyrenean ibex
N

A Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica) chiefly of the Pyrenees mountains that
became extinct in the year 2000
H
AC
O

Passenger pigeon
An extinct species of pigeon that was endemic to North America.
C
Mastodon
A large animal similar to an elephant, but with fur, that existed on the Earth until
around 10,000 years ago

N
Moa
A large bird that could not fly, that was found in New Zealand but is now extinct

EE
N
EZ
Thylacine
A striped, meat-eating Australian mammal about the size of a large dog. It is
N

believed to have become extinct in the 20th century

H
AC

Carolina parakeet
O

An extinct species of small green neotropical parrot with a bright yellow head,
reddish orange face, and pale beak that was native to the Eastern, Midwest, and
C

Plains states of the United States.

Lambert
Typically based on two standard parallels, but it can also be defined with a single
standard parallel and a scale factor. It is best suited for conformal mapping of land
masses extending in an east-to-west orientation at mid-latitudes.

N
Stereographic
It is a particular mapping (function) that projects a sphere onto a plane. The

EE
projection is defined on the entire sphere, except at one point — the projection point.

N
EZ
Mercator
N

It is a conformal map projection of which the meridians are usually drawn parallel to
each other and the parallels of latitude are straight lines whose distance from each
H

other increases with their distance from the equator

AC
O

Robinson
C

It shows lines of latitude as parallel straight lines and lines of longitude as nonparallel
lines that become increasingly curved as you move farther away from the map's
central meridian.
Goode homolosine
It is an equal-area pseudo cylindrical projection for world maps.

Miller

N
It is a s a compromise cylindrical map projection. The projection is a modification of
the Mercator projection; thus they are almost identical near the equator.

EE
N
EZ
Winkel tripel
It is a compromise modified azimuthal projection for world maps. It is an arithmetic
N

mean of projected coordinates of Aitoff and equidistant cylindrical projections. The

projection is known to have one of the lowest mean scale and area distortions
H

among compromise projections for small-scale mapping.

AC
O
C
AuthaGraph
It is an equal-area type world map projection that was invented by Japanese
architect Hajime Narukawa in 1999. While conceptually in the category of an
equal-area projection, it would require further subdivision to qualify as an actual
equal-area map.

N
EE
Azimuthal
It is a map projection of the surface of the earth so centered at any given point that a
straight line radiating from the center to any other point represents the shortest

N
distance and can be measured to scale
EZ
N
H

Conformal
It is a transformation of one graph into another in such a way that the angle of
AC

intersection of any two lines or curves remains unchanged.

O
C
Conic
A map projection in which the surface features of a globe are depicted as if projected
onto a cone typically positioned so as to rest on the globe along a parallel (a line of
equal latitude).

N
EE
Cylindrical
A map projection in which the surface features of a globe are depicted as if projected
onto a cylinder typically positioned with the globe centered horizontally inside the
cylinder.

N
EZ
N
H

Quibi
It was supposed to be a major player in video streaming market with their paid
AC

subscription for 10-minute videos. They raised $2 billion of venture capital funding to
create original content and launch their service. Unfortunately, it was a complete
disaster the investors lost everything.
O
C
LuckIn Coffee
In the summer of 2020, Chinese coffeehouse chain languished on what appeared to
be its deathbed. In April, the firm had confessed to falsely inflating its sales by over
$300 million. Chinese police had raided the company's headquarters. Debt and
equity investors were suing the company for fraud.

N
EE
Life at Sea Cruise
Passengers who'd signed up for inaugural three-year voyage. After weeks of silence,
the company has acknowledged to passengers that it has no ship, and has canceled

N
the departure, vowing to refund those who'd signed up for cruises costing up to
hundreds of thousands of dollars.
EZ
N
H

Nikola
AC

The founder was sentenced to four years in prison for his conviction for exaggerating
claims about his company's production of zero-emission 18-wheel trucks, causing
investors to lose hundreds of thousands of dollars.
O
C
Bitconnect
Operated a textbook Ponzi scheme by paying earlier investors with money from later
investors. Arcaro and his co-conspirators ensured that up to 15% of the money
invested went directly into a slush fund to be used for the benefit of its owner and
promoters.

N
EE
FTX
Billions of dollars were lost by customers and investors in a defrauding scandal
orchestrated by Bankman-Fried. Regulators discovered customer funds went to

N
accounts controlled by Alameda Research — a cryptocurrency trading firm owned by
Sam Bankman-Fried
EZ
Jailbreaking
N

The process of exploiting the flaws of a locked-down electronic device to install

software other than what the manufacturer has made available for that device. It
allows the device owner to gain full access to the root of the operating system and
H

access all the features.

AC
O
C
Reverse engineering
The act of dismantling an object to see how it works. It is done primarily to analyze
and gain knowledge about the way something works but often is used to duplicate or
enhance the object.

N
File sharing

EE
Putting a file from your computer onto a special place on your computer so that other
people can copy it, or look at it using the internet.

N
EZ
Fansubbing
N

The process by which fans translate and subtitle various types of audiovisual
material into a language other than that of the original.
H
AC
O

Aftermarket ink cartridges

An original brand cartridge that was once used, then professionally cleaned, refilled,
C

and sold again.

YouTube-dl
It is a free and open-source download manager for video and audio from YouTube
and over 1,000 other video hosting websites.

N
Hackintosh
It is a home-built version of an Apple Macintosh computer with the Mackintosh

EE
operating system (macOS or MacOS X) configured and modified to run on regular
PC hardware.

N
EZ
N

AACS
A standard for content distribution and digital rights management
H

DeCSS
AC

Software that breaks the CSS copy protection system used on DVD movies and
decrypts the encrypted data. It allows DVDs to be copied to a PC, which can then be
viewed from the hard disk, uploaded to someone else or burned onto a DVD-R or
O

DVD-RW.
C

"Two Little Men in a Flying Saucer "| Ella Fitzgerald (1951)

Obscure novelty song. 78rpm record played on a Dual CS-5000 Turntable.

"Come Sail Away "| Styx (1975)

A song about aliens coming to Earth and inviting human beings to join them in outer
space.
C
O
AC
H
N
EZ
N
EE
N