CADASTRAL SURVEY
of control points between stations of geodetic
DEFINITIONS
Sec 5. DAO 2007-29:
Cadastral surveys – refers to the survey made to
determine the metes and bounds of all parcels
within an entire municipality or city for land
registration and other purposes.
a. NUMERICAL CADASTRE – shall refer to a
cadastral survey wherein bearings and
distance of the individual lots are
determined from computations based on
actual ground survey.
b. GRAPHICAL CADASTRE – shall refer to
cadastral survey where bearing and
distance of individual lots are determined
using transit and stadia, scaling from photo
map, and other graphical method.
c. PUBLIC LAND SUBDIVISION – shall refer
to the subdivision of A&D lands covering an
area of more than 1,500 has.
Cadastral Map – a map made as a result of a
cadastral survey, drawn to appropriate scale
(1:4000 (whole, no sec; 1’), 1:2000 (sec 1; 30”),
1:1000 (sec 1-A; 15”), 1:500 (sec 1-A-NW; 7.5”),
1:250 (sec 1-A-NW-1; 3.75”))
Cadastre – set of records about parcels of lands
consisting of a spatial ref, area, claimant, value,
use of land. Primarily for taxation purposes.
GNSS – standard generic term for satellite
navigation system that provides autonomous geo-
spatial positioning with global coverage. Ex. GPS,
Beidou, GLONASS,
Parcel Information Sheet – refers to a document
recording the boundary adjudication agreement by
all concerned and participating claimants.
Projection map – a map where all lots subject for
verification and approval are plotted to determine
cases of overlaps with previously approved plans.
Sec 3. DAO 1998-12:
Cadastral land survey shall comprise all surveys of
extensive areas of several lots for cadastral
registration proceedings, agricultural development,
or for any purposes; pursuant to act 2259 amd, act
3240 amd, act 3327 amd, sec 1850 of act 2711
amd, ca 141 amd.
Sec 114 DAO 1998-12
Project control survey – shall consist of traverse,
triangulation or any combination thereof, which
together with leveling, shall determine the positions
accuracy over an area of limited extent
WHO WILL ISSUE SURVEY ORDER?
Sec 16. DAO 2007-29
LMB Director
– issue SO for PBS inv. 2 or more province of
different region with dispute
REGIONAL EXECUTED DIRECTOR (RED)
– issues SO for cadastral surveys
– issues SO for PBS no dispute
RTD for LANDS
– issues SO for PLS
– issues SO for PBS if involved are brgy of same
municipality
CADASTRAL SURVEY ACCURACY
Sec 29. DAO 2007-29
a. Establishment of Project Controls and PBS
(municipal) – 3rd order (Primary control)
accuracy.
b. Barangay boundary survey – 4th order
(Secondary Control)
c. Lot survey – the std accuracy of traverse
closure shall be in accord with Tertiary
control survey requirements.
Project control survey returns, and complete
cadastral survey returns shall be submitted to the
LMS (regional offices of LMB) for verification and
approval by the RTD for Lands.
DMC 2010-13
Sec 53
STAGES OF CADASTRAL SURVEY
a. Project control survey – establishment of
main and subsidiary control (BLLM)
b. Political boundary survey – establishment of
political boundary monuments (PBM, CBM,
MBM, BBM) defining boundary lines of
entire municipality.
c. Lot survey – determination of individual lot
boundaries for acquiring title thereto. Other
lands which are not subjected to private
ownership are also included in the lot
survey and issued a cadastral lot number. In
cadastral map and list of claimants, they are
identified as forestland, reservations,
protected areas, government centers, etc.
(PS)
Sec 54. All cad survey projects shall be conducted
in PRS 92
Sec 55.DAO 2008-14 shall apply to the awarding of
survey project. SO is issued by RED upon reco by
RBAC headed by RTD for LANDS.
Sec 56. Cadastral survey project number shall be
issued by LMB
Sec 57. SURVEY INSTRUMENT TO BE USED
a. Project control and Municipal Boundary
survey – any of the ffg:
1. Conventional surveying instruments
2. Aerial photogrammetric instrument
3. GNSS receiver
4. Smart stations
b. Brgy Boundary survey and Lot survey –
ETS is sufficient
Sec 58. 3 MAJOR COMPONENT OF
CADASTRAL SURVEY PARTY
1. Project main office – for general supervision
2. Office operations – for data research,
computations, and cartographic activities
3. Field operations – for reconnaissance,
monument setting, observations
a. Survey control team to lot survey team
b. Reconnaissance and monument
recovery team to political boundary
survey team
c. Monu setting team to two groups: 1.
Political boundary monuments setting
team and 2. Lot corner monument
setting team
Sec 59. List of approved surveys, surveys filed for
reg, shall be collated as reference data.
Sec 60. For all ongoing isolated surveys within
cadastral project:
a. Within 60 days from date of order, GE shall
submit to the chief a list of his ongoing
survey within the cadastral project.
b. Field notes, computations, and sketch plans
shall be submitted to LMS for verification
thru the chief within 4 months from date of
inauguration of project
c. Late submissions shall be accompanied by
explanations
d. Upon issuance of order, the CENRO will no
longer issue a survey authority
Sec 61. CSMP – shall include the project mngmt
plan and technical plan.
Project management plan includes:
1. Cadastral survey party
2. Financial plan
3. Equipment complements
4. Project duration
Technical plan
1. Estimated boundary sketch of the project
using NAMRIA topographic map. This will
be use as a base map
2. Estimated number of control points
3. Estimated area of municipality and
component brgy
4. Estimated number of lots
Sec 62. SCHEME OF WORK
1. Preliminary activities
a. Organization of cadastral survey party,
prep and submission of CSMP
b. Posting and distribution of general public
notice
c. Inauguration of the project
d. Data research and information drive
2. Manufacturing of std concrete reference and
corner monuments
3. Reconnaissance and location of the main
and subsidiary control lines
4. Monument setting of project control station
and running preliminary survey:
a. Esti position of the stations shall be
determined using single measurement
from the ETS.
b. Ref points of the monuments shall be
located.
5. Prep of the progress and project control
map
6. GNSS obs to esta base meridian. Conduct
project control surveys
7. Prep and submission of project control
survey returns for verification and approval
8. Setting of monuments of political boundary
(brgy and muni)
9. Distribution of individual notice to the lot
claimants for the conduct of Boundary
Agreement Process (BAP) informing them
to appear on the ground on the sched date
of monument setting and sketching of lots to
present their muniments of title
10. Reconstruction and projection of old
surveys
11. prep of sketch map and plotting of previous
surveys
12. conduct of BAP, sketching, monument
setting, and signing of Parcel Information
Sheet (PIS)
13. upon approval of Project control survey,
Political boundary survey will follow
 14. plotting and locating in project control and
progress map the areas in dispute bet brgy,
muni, provinces
15. issuance of 30 day notice to give chance to
claimants who failed to appear on the day of
lot sketching and monu setting
16. prep and submission of political boundary
survey returns for verification and approval
17. upon expiration of 30 day notice, lot survey
shall commence
18. plotting in cadastral map the corners as
located from control station. Transformation
of previously approved survey to
PPCS/Grid-PRS92 system
19. numbering of lot corners. Lot data
computation shall be prepared
20. tracing and validating cadastral map in the
field
21. posting of preliminary cadastral map
22. final checking to verify discrepancies.
23. Completion and inking of progress map and
cad map
24. Prep of the bgry/case bdry of the index map
25. Prep of the muni/proj bdry and index map
26. Completion of the survey returns of the
project and submission for verification and
approval
Sec 63. SURVEY NOTIFICATION
General notice – posted in barangay and municipal
building
Lot claimant’s notice – at least 2 weeks before start
of lot sketching and monument setting of lots.
Sec 64. CADASTRAL PROJECT CONTROL
SURVEY (sec 29-52)
Sec 29. Project control surveys shall be conducted
in order to establish set of reference points (BLLM)
for a survey project (cadastral, Pls, Ts, Gss)
belonging to primary, secondary and tertiary
control.
Survey instruments to be used:
a. ETS, GNSS receiver, or combination
b. If ETS, by traverse or triangulation referred
from PRS 92 monument.
Sec 30. The survey order of the survey projects
shall cover the project control survey.
For ex. In cadastral survey projects, the RED
issues SO. The SO issued by RED in cad survey
project also governs the project control survey
under the said project.
In public land subdivisions, the RTD for Lands is
the one issuing the SO.
In case the project control is independent, meaning,
it is not conducted for the purpose of establishing
control for the survey project, the one who will issue
a SO will be the RED and the project area shall be
based on the recommendations of the RTD for
Lands.
For geodetic control surveys, NAMRIA issues SO,
RED recommends project area.
Sec 31. The survey control team shall be the said
team of the project.
If the project control survey is independent, the
survey party are:
1. Project main office – for general supervision
2. Office operations – for data research,
computations, and cartographic activities
3. Field operations – for reconnaissance,
monument setting, observations
a. Survey control team
b. Reconnaissance and monument
recovery team
c. Monu setting team
It shall be the function of the LMS Survey Team. If
the LMS Survey Team is not available, the project
may be done through a contract with a private GE
pursuant to RA 9184
Sec 32. Project control work plan
It is included in the survey projects where it is a
component.
For ex. The CSMP of the cadastral survey project.
If the project control is independent:
Project management plan includes:
1. Project control survey party
2. Financial plan
3. Equipment complement
4. Project duration
Technical plan
1. Estimated boundary sketch of the project
using NAMRIA topographic map. This will
be use as a base map
2. Estimated number of control points
3. Proposed leveling measurement activities
RTD for lands approve the project control work plan
Sec 33. Data research and old monument inventory
The individual status of reference points or
previously established Geodetic control and project
control network adjacent or within the project area
shall be researched, evaluated, and verified on the
ground.
Their corresponding Geographic Position and
Plane coordinates (GPPC), both in local and in the
Philippine Plane Coordinate System (PPCS), shall
be determined.
Only stable and undisturbed control shall be
considered.
Established PRS 92 control validated and approved
by NAMRIA shall also be included.
The following shall be collected to be used as
reference data:
1. Projection Maps showing previous surveys
2. Copy of plans and computations of previous
surveys
3. Last Progress Map of each adjoining survey
projects
4. Approved horizontal angle, distance on the
primary traverse stations of adjoining
projects
5. Approved data on municipal boundaries and
lot corners
Sec 34. If it is an independent project, the survey
team shall establish a survey office with signboard
60x120 cm in dimensions, in the población of the
municipality .
Shall be closed upon written notice of RTD for
lands.
Sec 35. Notification of survey
The following shall be notified:
1. Provincial Gov thru PEO
2. PENRO
3. DPWH DEO
4. CENRO
5. Municipal mayor thru MEO
6. Head of an agency
7. Brgy chair
8. Lot owner affected
Sec 36. Network design
a. Reference control – survey shall take-off
from an esta PRS 92 control pt to another
PRS 92 control pt (check base)
In case of conventional surveying method,
control pts should be intervisible
For the baseline length
when using GNSS receiver:
Primary control: 5 km
Secondary control: variable (each brgy shall
have at least 2 control pt not more than 2km
apart)
when using ETS:
sec 28.b DAO 2007-29
Traverse: P-100m-1000; S-100m-500m;T-Ar
Triang: P-1-3km; S-1km; T-consis. w/ gd
sght
b. Designing network of control
When using GNSS receiver:
Intervisibility of stations are not necessary.
What matters is that it can be occupied, in
stable ground, shall not be affected by any
construction activities in the future.
Following shall be considered:
1. Terrain and physiographic features
2. Availability of old geodetic control
3. Number of GNSS receiver. At least 3
receivers
4. Appropriate number of length of
observation. Depends if single or dual
frequency type of receiver
5. For primary controls, min # of obs is 2
reco # of obs is 2
When using conventional instruments:
1. Terrain and physiographic features
2. Intervisibility of stations
3. Min of 2 reference pts (3 is preferred)
4. Network triangles should be equilateral
5. Availability of old geodetic and project
control data. Leveling data from
NAMRIA
6. Max range of instruments to be used
Sec 37. Preparation of map of proj site
When using GNSS receivers:
1. Available NAMRIA topographic map shall be
used as based map
2. All fixed old controls shall be plotted
3. Points to be esta shall be plotted
4. Caution in scaling. Distance bet pts are
necessary
5. Each station shall be numbered from 1-
3000 esta by NAMRIA and 3001 so forth est
by LMB/LMS and other entities.
6. Network design’s final map may be modified
upon conduct of field reconnaissance
Using NAMRIA topog map as reference for project
site map, the ffg shall be ascertained:
1. Lines connecting control pts within the
network should create closed polygons,
triangles
2. All stations shall have at least 3 known PRS
92 control pt
 3. Should have an adequate amount of
redundancy of measurement over minimum
required (more than 2 observation)
4. Schedules for field observations. It should
be timed when PDOP is low, which
indicates a higher probability of accuracy.
When using conventional method:
1. Available NAMRIA topog map is used as
base map
2. Shall show all proposed control pts
numbered consecutively starting from 1.
Each has a unique iden code number
3. Caution in scaling. Distance bet pts are
important
4. All main control points proposed in survey
projects, shall be conducted in primary
accuracy and designated as BLLM. First
primary control point is BLLLM 1. Second
primary control point is BLLLM 2.
5. Main control shall start from PRS 92 and
ends at another PRS 92 control point.
6. When no BLLM have been previously
established, a pair of BLLM numbered 1 and
2 shall be esta
7. Points to be esta shall be approx. plotted on
the map
8. All fixed old control shall be plotted. At least
3 2nd order or 3rd order geodetic control shall
be included in the network
9. When main control includes est geodetic
control, it shall be divided into loops, where
each loop shall start from one geodetic
control closes to another
10. Main controls shall follow the project
boundary. If the place is rugged, it shall be
placed near the bdry
11. In case of mountain peak bdry, primary
control shall be located at the base of the
mountain, if base is rugged, along the
existing road lines as near as possible to the
bdry
12. Additional pairs of BLLM shall be established
along main control. At interval of 5 km. or at
least a pair for every brgy. Whichever is
shorter. Numbered as BLLM 3 4 5 and so on.
13. No lots shall be more than 1km form nearest
BLLM
Sec 38. Reconnaissance is needed in order to
determine if there is a need to amend the proposed
locations of control points plotted on the network
design to achieve a rigid geometric figure.
Reconnaissance shall finalize the preliminary
network design.
During reconnaissance the following shall be
determined:
1. Accessibility of proposed locations
2. Ground stability
3. The best route
4. Proximity of radio station towers and
presence of any obstructions above
15degrees of the horizon
5. Esti travel time bet stations
6. Actual number of old control points and their
status
7. Private property owners where survey
stations are proposed to be established
8. No vertical structures that will effect
intervisibility
9. LOS is not obstructed by vehicles in busy
streets
10. General condition of atmosphere, it should
not affect the electronic measuring
capability of ETS
Sec 39. Project control monument
BLLM should be in square base frustum that has a
dimensions of:
Top cross section : 25x25
Bottom cross section: 35x35
Length: 120 cm
Above ground: 20 cm
Below ground: 100 cm
Reinforced by steel bar 10 mm in dia for vertical bar
And 8 mm for ties
Class A concrete In ratio 1c:2s:4g
Sec 40. Markings of ref monu/BLLM
Marked on top with
1. Municipality
2. Bllm #
3. Project #
4. Office funded the project
5. Year established
# of control point shall be coordinated with LMS
regional office
Cadastral Project # shall be coordinated with LMB,
other large projects such as Pls, Gss, Sgs, Ts shall
be coordinated with LMS
Sec 41. Location for est of ref pts
1. Identifiable and easy to find
2. Stable ground
3. Safe distance from road
4. Nature of soil
5. Priority area should be government owned
land
Sec 42. Control pts should be identified by its
complete geographic position. Expressed in lat,
long, and elev
The following shall be recorded for every est monu
1. General location wrt island, province, dist
and dir from larger towns or well-known
features.
2. Loc with resp to local features
3. Land ownership
4. Direction for reaching the sta
5. Detailed loc with res to roads, fence lines,
buildings
6. Vicinity and detailed sketch of monu
7. Desc of monu dim and inscription
Sec 43. Specification of GNSS and ETS ins to be
used:
Specifications of GNSS ins:
1. Field test for survey accuracy for issuance
of cert shall be done only upon presentation
of at least a pair (2 units) of GPS receiver: 1
base 1 rover for differential (simul) obs.
2. The receiver, either single (L1 C/A code) or
dual (L1/L2 P-code) freq shall have min
accuracy:
a. At static survey:
Horizontal : 5mm+1 ppm x baseline
length
Vertical : 10mm +1 ppm x baseline
length
b. At kinematic survey:
Horizontal : 20mm+1 ppm x baseline
length
Vertical : 20mm +1 ppm x baseline
length
3. Must be survey grade receiver and dual freq
for 1st and 2nd order, and single for 3rd and 4th
order
4. Capable of receiving signals from diff sat
system (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, etc)
5. Capable of traking at least 4 sat with good
geometry
6. Capable of obtaining carrier phase (P-code)
observable not just C/A code
7. Position is expressed in Long, Lat, and alt
8. Capable of obs and logging at common
times
9. Capable of achieving precision of 1ppm to
0.1 ppm
Types of GNSS receivers to be used shall depend
on baseline length and mode of positioning:
Use Single freq: if up to 10 km in baseline length
: and survey is limited to static mode of
positioning
Use Dual freq: if no limitation in baseline length
: static, rapid static, kinematic, RTK mode
of positioning
Specification of ETS equipment
1. Telescope shall have an erect image and a
magnifying power of not less than 30
diameter. Minimum focus distance be at
least 1.3 meters
2. Hori and verti circle have at least reading of
1” of arc on the centesimal units displayed
on liquid crystal display (LCD) or light
emitting diodes (LED). Angular units may be
in sexagesimal or centesimal system
3. Measuring range of at least 1,000 m when
using 1 prism. Max range at least 5,000 m
using 3 prism.
4. Accuracy of at least +/- 5mm+5ppm
probable error and within temp range of -
15deg to 40deg Celsius
5. Should have measuring range read-out up
to 1mm on fine measurement mode and up
to 10 mm on coarse or tracking mode
6. Provided with automatic or manually
inputted correction for meteorological or
atmospheric conditions, earth curvature,
refraction, and reflector constant including
cyclic error
7. With a circular bubble (sensitivity of 10’ per
2mm) and a plate bubble (sensitivity of 30”
per 2 mm). provided with automatic
compensator for tilt correction
8. With optical plummet and point guide or
optical sighting device.
Sec 44. Instrument preparation before going to
field:
For GNSS instrument:
1. No mixing of different receiver type (if
single/dual) and model
2. Fully charge battery. Receivers should not
be powered down not even for seconds
3. Ensure memory has enough space
4. Ensure receiver settings such as elevation
mask, synchronous rates, observation
types, etc. are the same for all types of
receivers.
For ETS instruments:
1. Battery should be fully charged
2. Ensure memory has enough space
3. Equipment shall be checked for Prism off-
center constant: 0 to +/- 30 mm.
4. Prism should have separate tripod
5. Partial testing/calibration over esti calib
base if ins has not been used in 6 months. If
discrepancy is noted as larger than the
 prescribed allowable linear error (5cm per
km) for 3rd order under sec 28, dao 2007-29,
then a full testing/calib may be necessary.
Sec 45.conduct of project control survey
For GNSS instruments
1. Receivers center must be exactly over the
center of the monument which is brass or
steel bar
2. Observer shall follow the amount of warm-
up time
3. Properly connected to the power source.
4. Antenna height measured in nearest MM. at
least 2 member shall be assigned to
measure the antenna height, separately.
Antenna should be centered at station in
nearest MM. all should be oriented to the
north. Observer should indicate where the
antenna height meas was taken. Meas
should be taken before and after.
5. Height, station name, serial number,
antenna model, and start and stop time
shall be recorded.
6. Observation shall begin after the inst is
logging data when turned on
7. Minimum of 4 satellites shall be observed
with the following time:
a. For static mode:
 Single freq
– if 0-5km Baseline: min of 1 hr, 2
session, at least 30 min bet sessions
– if 5-10 km baseline: min of 2 hrs, 2
session, at least 30 min bet
sessions.
 Dual freq
– if 10-20 km: 1.5 hrs
– if 20-30 km: 2 hrs
– if 30-50 km: 3 hrs
– if 50-150 km: 4 hrs
b. For rapid/fast static mode:
If Up to 5 kms baseline
4 satellites: 20 min
5 satellites: 15 min
6 or more satellites: 10 min
If up to 5-10 kms
4 satellites: 35 min
5 satellites: 25 min
6 or more satellites: 20 min
8. To achieve
1st order: min of 3 obs, reco 4 or more
2nd order: min of 2, reco 3 or more
3rd order: min 2, reco 2
9. Each point shall have min of 2 independent
observation
10. Each independent observation shall be of
different antenna height
11. To ensure diff satellite geometry while
conducting independent obs on same day,
time difference between obs should be at
least 1 hour.
12. During recording session, shall take note
the GDOP, which indicates geometric
strength of the 4 satellites, lower GDOP the
better
13. While collecting data, use of electronic
devices within 10 meters from gps receiver
should be avoided.
For ETS instruments
1. Based on the network design, det the route.
2. Occupy the first monu, with tripod approc
above the center of the mark of said monu
3. Each primary line shall be measured 10
times and must have a rejection limit of not
greater than 0.005 meter from the mean.
Sec 46. Distances of primary control lines that
cannot be directly measured shall be indirectly det
by TRIANGULATION
a. The position of triangulation station
shall be selected so that, no angle
may be less than 30 degrees.
b. Whenever possible, a scheme of
quadrilateral shall be established.
Angles bet diagonals and sides of
the quadrilateral shall be measured.
c. At least 2 baseline shall be
measured.
Sec 47. When using both GNSS and ETS
1. The network design shall reflect the ins’s
mode in every control station.
2. Strength of figure shall be the primary
consideration .
3. There shall be no mixing of ins in a polygon,
except to determine the coordinate of the
staring point, loop started with ETS shall be
finished by ETS.
Sec 48. The geographic position of BLLM 1 shall be
derived from the 2nd and 3rd order geodetic control.
In absence of 2nd and 3rd within 10 km dist from
project bdry, connection shall be made to any ref
certified by LMB. These ref shall be transformed
into PRS 92 if not in PRS 92.
Sec 49.
Sec 50-52.
Sec 65. POLITICAL BOUNDARY SURVEY
a. Determine the exact coverage of
project/municipality
b. Det exact location of lots
Sec 66. SO issued by RED in conduct of cadastral
project shall cover this.
If independent, the LGU shall hire a GE. The LGU
shall submit a resolution of the local council.
Issuing agency for SO is the RTD for lands. LMB
DIRECTOR if PBS with dispute, RED if PBS is with
no dispute.
Sec 67.
Sec 68. Survey team shall be the political boundary
survey team of the cad survey.
If independent,
1. Project main office – for general supervision
2. Office operations – for data research,
computations, and cartographic activities
3. Field operations – for reconnaissance,
monument setting, observations
a. political boundary survey team
b. Reconnaissance and monument recovery
team
c. Monu setting team
sec 69. The work plan shall be included in the
CSMP.
If independent, it shall not be required to submit a
work plan. However, docs like survey authority,
LGU council resolution, availability of funds, and
others are required.
Sec 70. Preliminary data to be used as reference:
1. Laws or EO creating the municipality.
2. Torrens titles of lots issued in the
municipality
3. Approved surveys in the municipality,
especially those covering large tract of
lands like Pls, Gss, Mr, Ts,
4. Approved CLUP
5. Existing municipality tax map
6. NAMRIA topo map
7. LC map from NAMRIA of Bureau of forestry
8. Maps from government agencies
9. NAMRIA admin map
10. Basemaps produced by organizations which
is of acknowledged standard
Sec 71. Presurvey conference at least 1 month
before start of survey headed by RED asst by RTD
for Lands. All local chief executives, adjacent
municipalities shall be informed. Reference data
shall be discussed
Sec 72. Political boundary monuments is in square
base frustum
MBM – 50 above ground; 70 below ground; 25x25
top cross; 35x35 bottom cross
BBM – 30 above ground; 70 above ground; 20x20
top cross; 35x35 bottom cross
Sec 73. Markings –
If the PBS is conducted under a cadastral project,
the cadastral project number shall be indicated
Inscribed also is the province, municipality. Except
if it is a CBM, province is not inscribed.
In case a BBM is common to two or more brgy, the
monu number for each brgy and name of brgy is
chiseled in the face of monu such that when
reading the marker, person is also facing towards
direction of the brgy.
Corners already defined by the PBM, shall be given
its equivalent MBM and BBM number without
altering the monu old inscription. It shall be
indicated on the sketches
All letters and numbers must be in arial bold
Sec 74.
1. PBM shall be est at every prominent turn
and where they cross roads and streams.
2. Where said bdry lines follow roads, streams
and other natural features, a monu shall be
placed near their junction pts
3. Intermediate pts along said roads need not
be placed with monuments but 2 witness
monuments will do.
4. Bdry interval shall not be more than 1km
except when it crosses forest lands, not
more than 5 km.
5. Bdry defined by law or eo shall be located
as well as those claimed by the municipality
6. All corners accepted as common by the
LGUs shall be defined by monuments
7. No attempt shall be made to settle conflicts
during conduct of survey.
Sec 75. In case of bdry disputes,
1. The corner shall be temporarily defined by
hard wood post or monuments with dia of at
least 10 cm. and 2 m length. 50 cm below
ground
2. Dispute area shall be drawn on sketch and
report shall be forwarded to the RTD for
Lands
3. One LGU claim indicated by heavy dashed
line
4. Other LGU claim indicated by heavy dotted
lines.
5. Heavy full line shall mark division of LGU
indicated by tax declarations.
 6. Lot lines indicated by ordinary full lines.
Sec 76. If dispute is not settled before completion
of field work of cad project, the disputed area with
all lots therein shall be surveyed and treated as
separate cadastral case.
The said area in dispute when it comes to LMB
land area statistics, shall still be credited to the
LGU occupying it. Until the dispute is settled
amicably, or resolved in the court of law.
CADASTRAL LOT SKETCHING,
MONUMENTING, SURVEY
Sec 77. Lot survey as part of large survey projects
shall be conducted using TERTIARY PRECISION.
It shall constitute activities such as sketching,
monument setting, and lot survey.
Further subdivided into:
1. Data research and survey notifications
a. Data for planning purposes
b. Research for old survey data
c. Prep of sketch base map
d. Prep of survey notif letter
e. Databasing of preliminary list of
claimants
2. Lot sketching
a. Meeting with brgy officials for proper
coordination
b. BAP with individual lot claimants.
c. Filling out of PIS
d. Actual lot sketching
3. Manufacture and setting of corner
monuments
a. Manufacture
b. Hauling
c. Setting
4. Lot survey
a. Secure approval of main and
subsidiary control survey
b. As well as PBS
c. Lining of traverse stations
d. Lot survey
e. Posting of 30-day notif to give
chance to claimants
f. Final list of claimants
g. Final lot lines connections
h. Correction work
5. Final lot data computation and SR
Some may be done simultaneously.
- Data gathering and research of old survey,
manufacturing. Posting od public notice
Some are pre-requisites of others
- BAP before lot sketching before monu
setting before lot survey
Sec 78. Organization of survey party.
It shall be the lot survey team of the survey project.
Divided into subgroups
1. Sketching (BAP and PIS)
2. Manufacturing and monument setting
3. Lot survey
There shal be LMO from cenro concerned in lot
survey team
Sec 79.
Sec 80.
After 30 days after SO no GE shall conduct a
survey on the project area except when already
started prior to SO.
LOT SKETCHING AND MONUMENT SETTING
Sec 81. Sketching and monument setting – done
independently or simultaneously.
If separately, the monument setting must follow
immediately after sketching, otherwise the
temporary markers made be the sketching party
may be removed.
Lot sketching – the activity is done to gather
information in the field, prepare preliminary maps,
det est number og lots, which shall serve as a
guide to lot survey team. It may also include
information dissemination, issuance of notification
letter.
The following shall be observed:
1. Sketches shall be made using compass and
steel tape. 100 m in length. Base map to be
prepared may be on any mapping paper in
standard size in scale of 1:4000. However,
larger scale may be prepared for lots that
are too small to be shown on standard scale
2. Each sketch sheet shall be given cadastral
map number
3. All approved survey draw in pencil
4. All new monument and control shall be
inked
5. Sketches shall be made free hand method
6. All lots, unsurveyed or surveyed, titled or
untitled, patented, leased or decreed, shall
be reflected on the sketch sheet
7. All corner marker shall be located and
definitely identified as original monument
8. All lots, titled or not, shall be subject to BAP
9. All corners sketched shall be marked
temporarily by stakes in presence of
claimants.
10. In case in dispute, the disputed area shall
be sketched as separate lot. It will only be
marked with monu upon verification and
approval of survey
11. Lot corners, marks and bdry shall be
indicated on the sketch. Trees shall be
 marked on the side opposite the lot in which
they are claimed
12. Natural and man made features shall be
plotted and their local name
13. Name of muni, cad survey number, scale,
and sketch sheet number shall be shown in
ink and on the lower right hand border
14. Corners shall be numbered consecutively in
clockwise direction
15. No single lot shall be in more than one muni
or brgy
16. Cadastral project area shall be divided in
cadastral cases. One brgy one case. Lots
shall be numbered in each cadastral
case/brgy
17. Extent of public land shall be determined
18. In case private claims extend beyond limit of
cultivation, investigation shall be made to
det the nature of claim
19. Claimants of a n d public lands shall be
advised to file the appropriate public land
application.
Monument setting – includes manu, hauling, actual
setting of monument on ground
1. All corners shall be marked with monu
2. All corners not possible to be marked shall
be marked:
3. In case 1 and 2 is still unavailable, at least 2
witness monument located as near as
possible to the true corner. Ex. along both
side of road along river banks
4. Public land claims inspection has been
made and approved, shall be marked with
mon
SKETCHING AND MONUMENT SETTING OF
TITLED OR PREVIOUSLY APPROVED
PROPERTIES
Sec 82. All properties covered by approved survey
titled or not, shall be reflected on map.
1. Sketch men shall compare plan with the
actual bdry on ground
2. In case there is a difference, the
encroached area may be accepted provided
the adjacent owner agree and is not yet
titled or decreed. The lot as per approved
plan shall be reflected on the /sketch plan
which shall be later on adjusted accordingly
in cadastral survey
3. Claims inside an approved survey but not
yet titled shall be sketched as separate lots.
Claims inside titled lands shall be
disregarded
4. In case of lease untitled properties, the
adverse claim must be supported by :
a. Written authority from RTD for Land
b. If subject to land case, an order from
RTC
5. In case approved survey not marked with
monu, the monu shall be relocated and
marked
6. Portions of surveyed lots which now form
part of river, estero, arroyo, creek, shall be
sketch and later surveyed as separate lots
and indicated as such in cadastral map
SKETCHING AND MONUMENT SETTING IN
PUBLIC WORKS
Sec 83. Claims traversing these features (roads,
railways, manmade canals etc) shall not be
allowed. The sketch team shall reflect the road
network, ROW, facilities and other improvement in
the sketch map.
1. Portion of lots which fall within ROW as det
by district, ME shall be sketched and
numbered separate lots when claimed as
private property. Such claims however,
should be discouraged.
2. The owners of land adjoining public
highways or street shall be advised of the
min ROW meas from lot line to lot line for
that particular street.
3. In view of ROW the ffg shall be consulted on
the width and center line of road, railway,
ROW
a. District enginerer of the DPWH on
existing and proposed public
highways
b. Sangguniang bayan or brgy on the
municipal and brgy roads
c. LGU PDO on the roadways within
residential subdivisions
d. Railway company on railroad ROW
4. ROW of highway and railroad shall be
marked with monument as follows:
a. The PC and pt
b. Points on the curve need not be
marked except if desired by owners.
Position of pts along curve shall be
det by computation using the
standard metric curve of 20m chord
5. The municipal engineer shall be requested
to indicate the CL and width of all streets
and roads within their jurisdiction
6. The district engineer shall be notified before
sketching and monument setting on the
areas along provincial roads.
7. If lot is along railways, the railway com shall
also be notified.
8. If claimant insists of claiming a portion of
ROW, the area claimed by him/her shall be
 surveyed separately but monu shall be set
only upon ROW line.
SKETCHING AND MONUMENT SETTING OF
LOTS THAT INDLUDES OR ADJACENT TO
NATURAL FEATURES
Sec 84. Shall take into consideration the provisions
of RA 1273, PD 705, and DAO 13-1992
The ffg shall be considered in sketching and
monument setting of lots that include or adjoins
natural features:
1. In case of doubt in classifying of stream as
arroyo, estero, creek or river, the local name
shall determine its classification
2. If the adjoining AER 5 m or less in width, the
claimant of opposite bank shall be indicated
in the sketch plan
3. If the AER 5 m or less in width but
navigable, the claimant of opposite bank
shall also be indicated on such plans
4. Plans of tract of lands adjoining AERCI,
shall indicate:
a. Width of WB
b. Navigable or not
c. Lot is on right or left when facing
downstream
d. Flow of water by arrow
e. Dist in meter from bank to lot line
5. Along lake shores, all private claims bdry
line shall be sketched up to high water mark
at greatest depth of water
The sketch plan shall show and indicate properly
the ffg:
1. Stream 5m or more in width
2. Stream less than 5m in width but water
flows continuously. Dir of flow
3. Irrigation ditches or canal
4. A strip of 40m wide from bank on each side
of RS
5. The following strips along edge of WB shall
serve as easement of public use
a. Urban area: 3 m
b. Agricultural area: 20 m
c. Forested areas: 40 m
6. For lands bordering sea or its arms:
a. Foreshore lands shall be sketched
as separate cad lot.
b. Corners that fall into sea shall not be
marked with monument, but a
witness monument shall be
established along shoreline at low
tide. Using concrete monu,
galvanized iron spikes, fixed rock,
boulders, wooden post
c. The boundary line shall be the
shoreline which is the line reached
by the highest equinoctial tide.
d. Lands bordering SGBP shall be subj
to easement of SALVAGE ZONE of
20 m from shore line. Need not be
indicated in plan if within 40 m bank
protection of a forestland
e. Easement of coast police which is
the obligation to leave ROW 6m
wide within salvage zone.
7. Buffer zone bet lots and natural boundaries
declared as sanctuary, protected,
ecologically critical, shall be sketched and
established in the ground in the ffg manner:
a. 20m strip of land along edge of
normal high waterline on RS with
channels 5m wide/ less than 5m
wide if water flow is continuous.
b. 50m strip of land fronting the sea
that has mangrove forest. 20m on
both sides or RS that has mangrove
plantation
c. In storm-prone areas, mangrove
forest strip 100m wide inward along
shoreline fronting seas, 50m strip
river bank protection.
d. 20m strip of land outside bdry and
immediately adjacent to designated
protected areas.
e. 20m strip of land adj CBFMP
f. 20m along bdry or reforestation proj
adjacent to private/alienable or
disposable land
g. A buffer zone about 100m of residual
forest surrounding the old growth
forest stands.
BAP AND PIS
Sec 85. BAP is a formal process which aims to
obtain a graphical representation of the parcel to be
surveyed and document the agreement of parcel
boundaries by adj land owners in all original,
cadastral, and other large survey projects.
- Part of systematic adjudication activities
where land claimants, adj owners, brgy rep,
survey team, denr rep(lmo from cenro,
survey verifier from lms) participate in bap
which shall result to accom of PIS
- PIS is a document to be prep during lot
sketching and prior to land survey, recording
the boundary agreement by all concerned to
a public land, indicating on it the bdry of
each parcel, its improvements, marks and
occupations
PIS shall be:
 - Accomplished in legal size 80gsm
substance 20
- All entries shall be neat and legible in
permanent black ink
- All spaces must be filled with relevant
information
- Names and lot number of adj cl shall be
indicated
- Name of signatories printed
- Rep shall have written authority
Sketching instructions:
1. Show bdry length inside and along bdry line
in bolder number in clockwise direction
2. All directions shall be oriented along the
north-south line using a magnetic compass
3. All easement must be shown
4. All waterways, indicating width and flow dir
5. Political boundary lines, name of adj muni
and brgy
6. Info common to two lots
7. Title number if any
8. All physical and natural features
9. Road with width
10. Lot number
11. Adj lot number or name of claimant if no lot
number
12. Indicate land use classification- residential,
commercial, industrial, institutional,
agricultural, reservation, forestland, etc.
Procedure:
1. One will place marker, witnessed by other
2. Measure distance of bdry line
3. Measure offsets and chainage for reference
marks
4. Complete sketch of land parcel
5. Assignment of land parcel by GE
6. Complete all entries on PIS form
7. Signaturea on survey information sheet
8. 30 day period to present their evidence that
will support their claim
Sec 86. Precautions in sketching activities
1. Sketches must be prep with care. Spelling
of all proper names. Lots occ by gov and
private companies shall be properly
identified in their full name
2. No single lot fall in more than one brgy
3. Claims inside patented/decreed property
shall be disregarded unless supported by
RTC order
4. In case dispute, party shall not side or
intervene with one of the parties.
5. Mandatory areas for exclusions from lots
adjoining public works and bodies of water
shall be properly plotted on the sketch map.
6. Road, ponds,streams, etc. within previously
approved survey shall be located, assigned
separate cadastral lot number, and
identified as road, ponds, streams, etc.
STANDARD MONUMENTS AND OTHER
ACCEPTABLE LOT CORNER MARKERS
Sec 87. Monuments of permanent nature used in
defining corners of lot, titled or to be subj to admin
and judicial titling:
1. Standard monument – concrete and
cylindrical, 15cm dia, 50 cm long, 15 cm
above ground, 35 cm below ground.
2. If the loc of lot corner cannot be placed with
standard concrete monument, due to
building, wall, tree, etc. the ffg shall be
accepted as corner marker:
a. Concrete post part of fence not less
than 10cm dia/ metal pipes not less
than 2cm in dia
b. Living edible fruit tree not less than
15 cm in dia or trees in first group
with dia not less than 15cm
c. Points of masonry or concrete wall
d. Immovable hard rock exposed surf
of more than 1m in dia
e. Peg 50mm square for at least 100
mm from top and nlt 400 mm in
length.
Sec 88. Conditions to accept other corner markers:
1. Acceptable living trees, shall be blazed at
about 20cm above ground. Blaze shall be at
least 10 cm. a cross is chiseled.
2. Wooden post or narra, ipil, molave, yacal, of
nlt 15 cm in dia forming part of a
house/fence may be a corner marker
3. When concrete post, masonry, walls, rock,
are used, the corner shall be defined by a
galvanized iron spike driven into the
structure. Or cross if not possible.
4. When metal pipes, such pipes shall be filled
with concrete
5. When a cross is used, such mark shall be
chiseled toa depth of at least 5 mm. arms
be in 5cm long from pt of intersection.
Sec 89. Construction of lot corner monu
1. Class A concrete speci in ratio 1:2:4 csg
2. Top shall be centered by galvanized iron
spike or conical hole not exceeding 2cm in
dia and not less than 1cm in depth. It shall
be marked by CAD
3. Galvanized iron spike used shall be at least
1 cm in dia and 8cm long
INDIVIDUAL LOT SURVEY
Sec 90. Shall only be conducted after 30 day
posting of the PIS.
Sec 91. At least tertiary precision, using ETS or
GNSS
1. Traverses shall start from a primary or
secondary control and close to another
primary or secondary control.
2. The chief may add subteams headed by a
GE with approval of RTD fro lands
3. Tertiary stations for each cadastral projects
shall be numbered consecutively from 1. 1-
1000 to first GE, 1001-2000 to second GE.
And so on.
4. Sketches shall be used in field by party for
identifying lots and corners
5. Lot corners shall be located by side shots.
From nearest trv sta. not more than 1km
from ref pts.
6. Corners outside margin of both sketches
shall be included in only one sketch, by a
semi circle in ink to avoid missing corners
and duplication of work.
Sec 92. The survey shall cover as much as
possible all lots which where included in the sketch
map and PIS.
ISOLATED SURVEY WITHIN CADASTRAL
PROJECT
Sec 93. Approved surveys
1. In case the lot with approved survey/ titled
and sketched lot differ and owner is claiming
additional land, additional area shall be
separate cadastral lot.
2. In case not yet titled but survey, and the
claimant wants to combine the surveyed
area and additional unsruveyed area in one
cadastral lot, he/she shall be required to
surrender the approved tracing cloth plan of
the survey together with cert from the ROD
that the land in untitled, RTC or MTC sitting
as cadastral court that the ladn is not a sub
of any land registration proceeding, and
affidavit requesting RTD FOR LANDS for
cancellation of the subject plan.
3. The ffg shall be surveyed:
a. Titled/untitled prop without lot
description
b. Titled/untitled with erroneous or
missing lot description
c. Titled/untitled with TD from magnetic
survey.
4. When overlapping occurs bet previously
approved surveys;
a. When overlapping is bet surveys not
yet titled, the area in conflict shall be
made as separate cad lot
b. When overlap is bet titled prop, the
area conflict shall also be made as
separate cad lot.
c. When overlap bet title and untitled,
the latter shall be amended to
exclude therefrom the portion in
conflict, except when there is a court
order from RED
5. In case claimant of untitled covered by an
approved survey within a cadastral project
desires subdivision, he shall secure authorit
from RTD for lands for change.
6. Approved survey shall be adopted into
cadastral system
a. Tie line of approved survey shall be
converted to the cadastral system
b. Common pt with previously
patented, leased, or decreed survey
shall be located
c. Area in the lease, patent, or title
shall be final
d. The bearing shall be reduced to cad
bearing either direct shot from
ground or convergence correction
Sec 94. All lands of public domain shall be
surveyed as one lot. Private claim inside
unclassified areas shall not be surveyed
Sec 95.
Sec 96. All gov lands inside a cadastral projects
shall be sketched, marked with monu, surveyed
and assigned a cad lot number
Sec 97. All patented mineral land within a cadastral
project shall be surveyed as regular lots. All mineral
land surveys indicated on the cad map by dotted
lines.
Sec 98. PLS and GSS inside cadastral project.
1. The main control of the cadastral project
shall traverse the PLS and GSS within the
cadastral project. Recovered BLLM, MBM,
BBM shall be made part of the cadastral
main control
2. When there is no BLLM, MBM, BBM
recovered, BLLMS are est
3. BAP and PIS shall not be applicable inside
the are covered by PLS and GSS
4. PLS and GSS plotted in cad map as one big
lot. But the individual lot inside PLS and
GSS shall be indicated in cad map by
dotted red line.
ADVANCE SURVEY
Sec 99. AS pertains to the survey and prep of the
SR of cad lots and the verification thereof ahead of
other lots. Made after primary and secondary
control of the project have been completed, verified
and approved.
In conditions:
a. There is a court order for immediate
conduct of survey
b. There is a written authority from
RED upon reco of the RTD for lands
due to urgency for such survey and
applicant is willing to bear the
expenses.

Sec 100.
Sec 101. Once AS authority is granted:
a. Each contested area shall be made
a separate lot
b. After conduct of survey, the survey
returns shall be submitted to the
DENR regional office for verification
and approval.

Article 5. PUBLIC LAND SUBDIVISION PROJECT

Sec 103. Steps in PLS
1. Project control survey
2. Lot survey

Sec 104. PLS which shall cover only AnD lands

shall not be req to conduct PBS.