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NFC
by Robert P. Sabella and
John Paul Mueller
NFC For Dummies®
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Media and software compilation copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2016933642

ISBN: 978-1-119-18292-4

ISBN 978-1-119-18296-2 (ebk); ISBN ePDF 978-1-119-18293-1 (ebk)

Manufactured in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents at a Glance
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Part 1: Getting Started with NFC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

CHAPTER 1: Introducing Near Field Communication (NFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
CHAPTER 2: Considering the NFC Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Part 2: Understanding NFC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

CHAPTER 3: Defining NFC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
CHAPTER 4: Considering NFC Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

CHAPTER 5: Considering NFC Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Part 3: Using NFC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

CHAPTER 6: Using NFC for Payments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
CHAPTER 7: Employing NFC for Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
CHAPTER 8: Using NFC in Health Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
CHAPTER 9: Considering Other NFC Uses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Part 4: Avoiding NFC Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

CHAPTER 10: Avoiding the Not-Used-Here Mentality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
CHAPTER 11: Understanding the Hardware Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
CHAPTER 12: Understanding the Software Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
CHAPTER 13: Considering Networking Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Part 5: The Part of Tens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

CHAPTER 14: Ten Places to Find NFC-Specific Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
CHAPTER 15: Ten Really Cool NFC Implementations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
CHAPTER 16: Ten NFC Trends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
CHAPTER 17: Ten NFC Companies You Need to Know About. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
About This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Foolish Assumptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Icons Used in This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Beyond the Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Where to Go from Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

PART 1: GETTING STARTED WITH NFC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

CHAPTER 1: Introducing Near Field Communication (NFC) . . . . . . . 7
Presenting a Quick History of NFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Defining the Need for NFC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Interacting with devices using simpler methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Buying products with ease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Launching a marketing campaign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Building your personal network quickly and easily . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Creating ad-hoc wireless connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Having fun with games. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Discovering Where NFC Wallets Are Used Most. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Viewing NFC wallet use by area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Viewing NFC wallet use by purchase type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Presenting a Simplified View of NFC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Considering what is needed for NFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Understanding the three NFC modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Discovering the NFC actors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

CHAPTER 2: Considering the NFC Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Understanding the NFC Forum Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Considering NFC Wireless Communication Specifics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Understanding selectivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Showing intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Creating secure access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Understanding How NFC Compares to Other Technologies . . . . . . . . 25
Defining how NFC differs from RFID. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Defining how NFC differs from QR codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Defining how NFC differs from Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) . . . . . 27
Defining how NFC differs from powered chips (Wi-Fi). . . . . . . . . . . 28
Following the Evolution from Smart Cards to Smartphones . . . . . . . . 28
Creating a Secure Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Creating a secure environment on the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Creating a secure environment in the cloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Table of Contents v
 PART 2: UNDERSTANDING NFC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

CHAPTER 3: Defining NFC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Understanding the Need for Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Investigating the Two Main NFC Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Considering ISO/IEC 14443 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Considering ISO/IEC 18000-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Considering FeliCa (JIS 6319-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Considering Card Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Performing mobile payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Accessing transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Managing access control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Defining the Five Tag Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Working with the Type 1 tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Working with the Type 2 tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Working with the Type 3 tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Working with the Type 4 tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Working with the Type 5 tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Understanding the tag initiation sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Defining the NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Understanding NDEF messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Understanding NDEF records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Locating Additional Resources on the NFC Forum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

CHAPTER 4: Considering NFC Hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Understanding NFC Hardware Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Considering the NFC controller chip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Communicating with the antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Understanding tags and emitters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Considering NFC Communication Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Understanding active mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Understanding passive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Considering NFC Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Working in card emulation mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Working in reader/writer mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Working in peer-to-peer mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Differentiating Between Interrogators and Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Understanding the Transfer of Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Communicating Between Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Understanding what half duplex means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Working with ISO/IEC 14443 Type A tags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Working with ISO/IEC 14443 Type B tags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Working with FeliCa (JIS 6319-4) tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

vi NFC For Dummies

 Adding NFC to an Existing Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Ensuring the device supports NFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Getting the right NFC add-on type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

CHAPTER 5: Considering NFC Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Discovering the Key Players in NFC Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Creating the NFC ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Working with mobile payments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Understanding how NFC is deployed in unique ways . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Turning On Smartphone NFC Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Performing Card Emulation Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Defining Host Card Emulation (HCE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Understanding interactions with devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Using Encryption to Secure Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Understanding the concept of tokenization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Using the ISO/IEC 7816-4 commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Writing Tags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Using a smartphone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Using an accessory reader/writer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Using a high-speed encoding system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Managing NFC Tags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Defining the management tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Determining whether you need an API solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Making NFC Part of the Internet of Things (IoT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Differentiating Between Web Apps and Mobile Apps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

PART 3: USING NFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

CHAPTER 6: Using NFC for Payments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Understanding Mobile Wallet Security Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Relying on Secure Element (SE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Considering the security information locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Relying on Host Card Emulation (HCE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Understanding the role of Trust Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Considering the Potential Mobile Wallet Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Using Magnetic Secure Transmission (MST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Employing QR solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Enjoying NFC Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Understanding what EMV does. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Grasping why EMV transactions are more secure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Defining the advantages of using EMV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

CHAPTER 7: Employing NFC for Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Using NFC for Workplace Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Authenticating Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Table of Contents vii

 Entering rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Working with computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Using resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Working with other devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Using an NFC Phone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Authenticating with an access control card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Creating a college campus ID card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Managing hotel room and other access control cards . . . . . . . . . 129
Personalizing NFC Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Using tags to perform common actions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
Creating tags to log onto home networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Replacing Your Car Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Gaining vehicle access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Adjusting the seat position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
Automating Vehicle Interactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Presenting a driver’s license. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
Performing vehicle inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

CHAPTER 8: Using NFC in Health Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Dealing with Privacy Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Performing Hospital-related Tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Accessing medical records. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Ensuring that patients receive correct
medications and dosages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Tracking patient progress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
Scheduling occupational and physical therapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Tracking doctors and nurses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Working with Logger Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Differentiating between transdermal and subdermal. . . . . . . . . . 146
Making measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Monitoring Patients Remotely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Managing patient care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Verifying health care professional visits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Interacting with Patient Monitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Addressing Accessibility Needs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

CHAPTER 9: Considering Other NFC Uses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Performing Marketing Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Interacting with customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Managing products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Having Fun with Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Playing games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Producing video greetings and invitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Making donations easy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Keeping track of time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Managing trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

viii NFC For Dummies

 Managing Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Purchasing tickets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Tracking attendance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Addressing emergency needs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Interacting with Customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Getting and using coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Getting and using gift cards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Providing a store layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Managing sweepstakes and loyalty campaigns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Sharing recipes and other supplemental information. . . . . . . . . . 169
Managing receipts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Creating NFC Wearable Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Working with Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Developing NFC Smart Posters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Discovering the advantages of NFC smart posters . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Understanding how smart posters work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Getting the N-Mark logo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

PART 4: AVOIDING NFC ISSUES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

CHAPTER 10: Avoiding the Not-Used-Here Mentality. . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Working with Businesses that Don’t Use NFC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Considering the digital p
­ ayment ­conundrum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Defining the digital payment benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Using NFC in the B2B environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Developing Apps that Won’t Work Without NFC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Creating a Business Plan Showing NFC Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

CHAPTER 11: Understanding the Hardware Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Ensuring that the Device is Ready. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Turning the device on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Configuring the device to use NFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Configuring the device to use a related technology. . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Using the Device Correctly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Understanding Odd Device Behaviors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Considering the MIFARE Classic tag compatibility issue . . . . . . . . 192
Determining device functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Finding the Device’s Sweet Spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Considering Other Tag Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Determining when a tag is simply broken. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Reading tags on metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Reading tags near water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Table of Contents ix
 CHAPTER 12: Understanding the Software Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Installing Needed Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Getting a general application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Using a tag writer or other utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Encoding tags using a USB tag reader/writer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Knowing the Modes Your Device Supports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Providing Biometric Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Considering the types of biometric authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Discovering the problems that could occur
with biometric authentication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Understanding how hackers overcome
biometric authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Getting Apps from Reliable Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

CHAPTER 13: Considering Networking Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Understanding the Cost of Using Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Comparing Wi-Fi and Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Pairing with consumer electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Pairing with a network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Understanding the Cost of Using Bluetooth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Pairing with consumer electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Detecting the Bluetooth version problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Making devices discoverable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Dealing with Environmental Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Considering the effects of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Considering the effects of metal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Eliminating sources of interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Considering Potential Security Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

PART 5: THE PART OF TENS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

CHAPTER 14: Ten Places to Find NFC-Specific Information . . . . . . 225
NFC Forum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Smart Card Alliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Groupe Speciale Mobile Association (GSMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
NFC World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
NFC Times. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
NearFieldCommunication.org. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Pymnts.com. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
EverydayNFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Gartner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
IHS Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

x NFC For Dummies

CHAPTER 15: Ten Really Cool NFC Implementations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. . . . . . 234
Blue Bite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Galatea: Jewelry by Artist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
NFC Ring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Khushi Baby. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Rémy Martin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Tracking the Things You Love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Tappy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
PetHub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
London History Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Oxfam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Skylanders Superchargers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

CHAPTER 16: Ten NFC Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Moving from Tap-to-Pay to Tap-to-Buy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Enhancing the Gaming Experience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Improving Health care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Creating New Marketing Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Managing Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Enhancing the Effects of Mobile Commerce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Making the Most of Wearables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Interacting with Smart Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Authenticating Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Considering B2B Trends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

CHAPTER 17: Ten NFC Companies You Need to Know About. . . . 251
Blue Bite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
NXP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Flomio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Smartrac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
HID Global . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Poken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Cellotape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Advanced Card Systems (ACS) Holdings Limited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Thinfilm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Smartwhere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

INDEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Table of Contents xi
Introduction
A
sk most people what NFC stands for and they will probably answer “the
National Football Conference.” But the NFC in this book is far more impor-
tant than football. It stands for Near Field Communication, a technology
that has the potential to significantly change how you interact with the people and
things around you. The exciting news about NFC is that we haven’t even scratched
the surface yet of how this technology is going to change our lives. That’s why you
need NFC For Dummies. This book is your introduction to the larger world of NFC,
and it helps you see why this technology is so amazing.

About This Book

NFC For Dummies begins by introducing you to NFC. You discover that NFC is
already used all over the place, and you might not have even realized it.

Discovering how this technology has been hiding in plain sight is a good starting
point. The second part of the book tells you how NFC actually works and why it
needs to work in this specific way. You may initially find some of this material a
little technical, but if you want to use NFC to the fullest extent possible, you need
to know what makes it special.

After you know how NFC works, it’s time to see it in action. The next part of the
book discusses many of the ways in which you can use NFC to perform useful
tasks. Each chapter introduces another area in which NFC is in use today. Amazing
as these uses are, they’re really just the tip of the iceberg, and the links in these
chapters will lead you to still more resources.

Every technology comes with a few implementation issues. Some set of tech-
nical circumstances inevitably causes problems. Fortunately, this book tells you
about those issues and tells you how to fix them. You end up looking really smart
because while your buddies are sitting there not doing much, you’ve already fixed
the problem and are doing something useful with NFC.

Introduction 1
 A single book can’t even begin to tell you about everything NFC has to offer. In
fact, you could probably read several books and still not begin to exhaust this
topic. That’s why the Parts of Ten is there. It gives you access to resources that
will keep you reading for quite some time to come. When you finish it all, you’ll
become an NFC guru, and everyone around you will be looking to you as the NFC
expert.

To make absorbing the concepts even easier, this book uses the following
conventions:

»» When you see terms in the text in italics, the surrounding text provides a
definition for that term.

»» Web addresses appear in monofont. If you’re reading a digital version of this

book on a device connected to the Internet, note that you can click the web
address to visit that website, like this: http://www.dummies.com.

Foolish Assumptions
You might find it difficult to believe that I’ve assumed anything about you —
after all, we haven’t even met yet! Although most assumptions are indeed foolish,
I made these assumptions to provide a starting point for the book.

Of course, you do need to have some desire to work with NFC to solve some sort of
problem or address a need. In many cases, the problem or need is business or task
specific, but you might be amazed at the ways in which you can use NFC to address
personal needs as well. The point is that you need to have some anticipated pur-
pose for using NFC to get the most out of this book.

You should also understand some basics of technology. For example, if you aren’t
on speaking terms with your smartphone, this book might not be a good fit for
you. You do need some level of technical savvy to make good use of the material,
even though the bar isn’t set very high.

This book also assumes that you can access items on the Internet. Sprinkled
throughout are numerous references to online material that will enhance your
learning experience. However, these added sources are useful only if you actually
find and use them.

2 NFC For Dummies

Icons Used in This Book
As you read this book, you see icons in the margins that indicate material of inter-
est (or not, as the case may be). This section briefly describes each icon in this
book.

Tips are nice because they help you save time or perform some task without a
lot of extra work. The tips in this book are time-saving techniques or pointers to
resources that you should try in order to get the maximum benefit from NFC or in
performing NFC-related tasks.

I don’t want to sound like an angry parent or some kind of maniac, but you
should avoid doing anything that’s marked with a Warning icon. Otherwise, you
might find that your NFC application fails to work as expected, you get incor-
rect responses from seemingly bulletproof configurations, or (in the worst-case
scenario) you lose data or damage equipment.

Whenever you see this icon, think advanced tip or technique. You might find these
tidbits of useful information just too boring for words, or they could contain the
solution you need to get an NFC solution running. Skip these bits of information
whenever you like.

If you don’t get anything else out of a particular chapter or section, remember the
material marked by this icon. This text usually contains an essential process or a
bit of information that you must know to work with NFC successfully.

Beyond the Book

This book isn’t the end of your NFC experience — it’s really just the beginning.
I provide online content to make this book more flexible and better able to meet
your needs. That way, as you send me email about the book, I can address ques-
tions and tell you how updates to NFC affect book content. In fact, you gain access
to all these cool additions:

»» Cheat sheet: You remember using crib notes in school to make a better mark
on a test, don’t you? You do? Well, a cheat sheet is sort of like that. It provides
you with some special notes about tasks that you can do with NFC. You can
find the cheat sheet for this book at http://www.dummies.com/
cheatsheet/nfc. It contains really neat information such as the NFC operat-
ing modes and tag types.

Introduction 3
 Viewing NFC wallet use by purchase type
It matters not only where but also how you use NFC. Many companies have already
found that NFC is an indispensable part of their business environment, as shown in
Figure 1-3. Of course, this figure doesn’t show all the companies that use NFC, but
it does show some of the larger organizations. Even in places like ­Wisconsin (one
of the lighter areas in Figure 1-2, shown previously), you can go into a ­Subway,
tap your card, and pay for your dinner. So, it’s not impossible to find NFC usage
wherever you go because these larger companies are already using it.

Figure 1-3 shows the relative strength of NFC by purchase area. Look for these
numbers to change dramatically for the better as more national and global
companies start to use NFC at the cash register. The article at https://www.
nfcbootcamp.com/near-field-communication-more-than-mobile-marketing/
provides you with more details on just how much of an impact NFC is starting to
make in other industries.

FIGURE 1-3:
Types of
items that are
­commonly
purchased using
NFC.

CHAPTER 1 Introducing Near Field Communication (NFC) 15

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