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Indigo
Increase in Depth Decrease in Depth
Conc.

Indigo Lowers the fastness,

Pigment Less contrast in Improves the fastness
content washdown

Lowers the pH , More

raise the pH,Greater pronounced Ring
Caustic dye dyeing , Shade -
Soda Conc. penetration,Shade - Greener and duller ,
Redder and clearer. Risk of formation of vat
acid at pH < 11.5

More pronounced ring

dyeing , Promotes the
Greater dye oxidation of indigo
Hydro penetration , Shade - during air passage ,
Conc. greener and duller , Risk of indigo pigment
Lowers the pH . foramation in dyebath ,
Shade Redder and
duller , raise the pH

greater dye More pronounced ring

immursion
penetration , dyeing , Decrease in
time
increase in depth depth of shade