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Basic Spoken English

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BASIC
BASIC SPOKEN ENGLISH

© Penerbit FKIP UNMA PRESS

1.

2.
BASIC SPOKEN ENGLISH
This book is aimed at helping student promote effective speaking in their classrooms by engaging their students
in communicative activities to develop oral proficiency. The book aims to develop students’ confidence in using
English in various communication situations, both formal and informal situation. The ability to speak English
effortlessly in a variety of situations requires good pronunciation, a wide range of vocabulary, grammatical
accuracy and also the knowledge of what to say to whom and when. The activities are mainly designed around
shared experiences, to be done in pairs and groups so that students learn to respond spontaneously in any
communication situation. This book contains a summary of simple and systematic English material, which is
considered essential as a basis for developing spoken language skills such as family, place and time, invitation,
direction, like and dislike, past events etc.

Agus Rofi’i,.S.Pd.I,.M.Pd. born in Majalengka, 31 August 1987; I live in a house

with my parents at Jalan Pesantren Cisambeng Palasah Majalengka. He is a doctoral
student in Language Education in Universitas Negeri Jakarta. He obtained his
bachelor degree from English Language Education Department at IAIN Syekh
Nurjati Cirebon in 2011 and He received his master’s degree at Universitas Negeri
Semarang in 2014. He is an English lecture at English Education Study Program,
Faculty of Teacher and Training Education, Universitas Majalengka since 2015. He
also actively participated in workshop and various national and international
conferences. He is a friendly, enthusiastic and honest person. My life motto is very
simple, “Success is not a final, only an achievement”.

Eka Nurhidayat, M.Pd is a doctoral student in English Language Education at

Universitas Negeri Semarang. He obtained his bachelor degree from English
Language Education Department at Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati Cirebon in
2012. He received his master’s degree in English Language Studies at Universitas
Sebelas Maret Surakarta (UNS) in 2015. Now, he is an English lecture at English
Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher and Training Education, Universitas
Majalengka. He has been teaching in Universitas Majalengka since 2015. He has
written several research reports on English Language Teaching and actively
participated in various national and International Conferences as a presenter. His
article has been published in national or International reputable journal. He also
actively participated in workshop and other teacher professional development.

Alamat: Ged. Fkip Universitas Majalengka Jl.

K.H. Abdul Halim No. 103, Majalengka
Majalengka
BASIC SPOKEN ENGLISH
By
Agus Rofi’i, S.Pd.I.,M.Pd & Eka Nurhidayat.,M.Pd
BASIC SPOKEN ENGLISH

© Penerbit FKIP UNMA PRESS

1.

2.
PREFACE

Basic Spoken English Module is a book which contains Speaking

materials in Department of English Education, Universitas Majalengka. To
improve and develop students‘ speaking skill in learning English as second
language is the reason why it is written. The materials would be easily to
understand because it used common words and some pictures, so readers will be
attracted to learn it also.
The authors realize that the completion of this module because of the Lord
God who gives blessings of health, strength and ability in all the time. God always
gives more than we requested. Therefore, Praise and Gratitude the authors send to
the Lord God.
Finally, we, the authors, hope this module could be useful for anyone who
wants to learn and improve English speaking skills.

Majalengka

Authors

i
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ................................................................................................ i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................ ii
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1
Unit 1 : Family ........................................................................................ 3
Unit 2 : Place and Time ......................................................................... 11
Unit 3 : Invitation .................................................................................. 23
Unit 4 : Direction................................................................................... 29
Unit 5 : Like and Dislike ....................................................................... 36
Unit 6 : Past Events ............................................................................... 42
Unit 7 : Schedule ................................................................................... 51
Unit 8 : Offering,Accepting and Refusing Something .......................... 58
Unit 9 : Conditional Sentence ............................................................... 65
Unit 10 : Describing of Place ................................................................ 74
REFERENCES...................................................................................... 83

ii
INTRODUCTION

Language is one of many factors that human cannot live with.

Everyday we communicate each other in languages, whether natives or
second language. It is very important in human life. The word ―language‖
means communication, without a language, people cannot communicate with
others.
And in this world of new era, English will be an essential things to
learn. It is a language of the world, people call it as international language. In
our country, English lesson have been given since the fourth grade in
elementary school up to university. Most people in the world from different
countries and nations speak language. Also, many scientific studies such as
education, science, religion, technology, commerce or politic are written in
language, especially for post-graduated education and English-based
education such as English education or English Literacy.
Recently, globalisation pushes every aspect of human‘s life to
adapted, also in education. In university-level of education, some study
programme obligate students to possess an english-based books, by so on
students were forced to mastered english. Imagine if they have to translate the
book one by one, it must be exhausting.
That obligation is not only for the odor or dignity, it is done by
lecturer for many reasons, one of them is so the students can be habitually
speaks english and mastered english in some time period, they realized the
importance of learning english in this era.
When entering the world of working and apply for jobs, that is the
time when english is needed. In this era, the working world is developing and
become more progressive, it makes many countries cooperate and creates a
global-scale of work.

1
 Unit 1
Telling Your Family

Natali : So, May I know your family. Have you got any brothers or sisters?
Pamela : Yeah, I‘ve got a brother but no sisters.
Natali : A brother. How old is he?
Pamela: Well, the old is twenty-one.
Natali : And what does he do?
Pamela : The old that‘s Tom
Natali : And what about your dad? What does he do?
Pamela : Oh, he‘s a doctor.
Natali : Oh, really ? what is about your mom? Does she doctor, too?
Pamela: Yeah, she‘s a psychiatrist. She work for a specialist psychologist

Wilma’s Family
Wilma : Hi, Martha. I‘m glad to meet you. How is your life?
Martha : Hi, wilma. I‘m good, and you?
Wilma : I‘m good, thank you. Would you like to come to my house now? Long
time no see you. I miss you so much.
Martha : Of course, my best friend. I miss you too
Wilma : Please, come in. Sit down please, Martha.
Martha : Yeah, thank you.

3
 4

Wilma : Have a drink , please.

Martha : Thank you Wilma, I will. Oh, who is the baby?

Wilma : That's my daughter. Her name is Ericka. This picture is from her first
birthday.
Martha : Oh. She's cute. Who are the other people in the picture?
Wilma : Of course, that's me in the green dress. The other people are my parents.
My mother's name is Wanna and my father's name is Ed.
Wilma : Here's another picture.
 5

Martha : I recognize you but who's the man.

Wilma : That's my husband Carl. He's a great cook.
Martha : My husband's a terrible cook.
Wilma : Here's another picture.
Martha : Who's that?
Wilma : That's my sister Wanda and my nephew Tommy.
Martha : Those are nice pictures. Do you want to see my pictures?
Wilma : Sure.
Martha : I‘m sorry wilma. I have to go now because I must to pick up my son to
kindergarten.
Wilma : Yeah, of course.
Martha : Thank you very much, wilma. Send my regards to your family for me.
See you ...
Wilma : Yeah, see you later my best friend.

TALK 2
TALKING ABOUT FAMILY
Bella : Hello, how do you do? What is your name?
Siera : How do you do. My name is Siera, and you?
Bella : My name is Bella. Nice to meet you.
Siera : Nice to meet you too, Where are you from Bella ?
Bella : I‘m from Indonesia.
Siera : Oh, Far there.
Bella : Yeah. Are from America, Siera?
Siera : Yeah. I live near here on Oak Street.
Bella : I‘m new in your country. Do you mind if you hang out with me to wander
around America, sometime?
Siera : Ok, I don‘t mind.
Bella : Do you live with your family?
Siera : Yeah. I live with my parents and my uncle.
Bella : In an apartment.
Siera : No, our house.
 6

Bella : Ow, great. I‘m alone here.

Siera : Really? How brave you are.
Bella : That is okay. I‘m studying here. I have to be had to stay alone.
Siera : So, where are your parents?
Bella : They are in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Siera : Both of them?
Bella : yeah. And I have two brothers. They are gotten married. They live in
Majalengka now. It‘s Far from Jakarta.
Siera : Nice, Bella. Can I drop into your boarding house sometime?
Bella : That‘s fine. I‘m waiting.
Siera : Do you have any siblings?
Bella : Yes, I have a younger brother. What about you?
Siera : I have quite a big family with two brother and two sisters!
Bella : Wow, a big family... I‘d have liked a sister too.
Siera : Yes, my sister are very nice. They‗re kind and smart. I feel lucky to be
their brother.
Bella : What a nice thing to say!
Siera : So you were gone visiting your grandfather last weekend?
Bella : Yup! My grandfather must be in his late 80‘s and he‗s very active.
Siera : Wow! That‘s great! What about your grandmother?
Bella : She‘s very sprightly old women too. In fact my grandparents from my
mother‘s side are pretty healthy and active themselves.
Siera : That really good to hear. Your folks know how to take care of themselves.
Bella : Yeah, our family eats right and exercises. That‘s why we‘re healthy.
Siera : Proud of your family member.
Bella : Where‘s your younger brother these day?
Siera : Well, John got admitted to the medical college in New York. He‘s going to
be a doctor.
Bella : Really? You must be so proud of him.
Siera : Yeah, I‘m. My old man was a carpenter, and I got into the same profession,
but little John‘s always studied hard.
Bella : So happy for you Siera!.
 7

1. Family Tree

 Do you have any brother or sisters ?

Have you got any brother or sister ?
 Yeah, I‘ve got a brother but no sister
and two sisters
No, I‘m an only child

Practice 1
My name is Rachel
My mother‘s name is Martha
My father‘s name is Michael
My sister‘s name is Hannah
My brother‘s name is David

My father has a sister. Her sister‘s name is Laura

Tom and Henry are my uncle.
Laura is my aunt.
The parents of my father and my mother are my grandparents.
 8

My grandmother are Mary

My gandfather are George
My cousins are Bill and Sue.

For Example practice 3 :

A. How old are they?
Barbara has three sisters:
 How old are they?
The oldest (one) = is twenty-three. The second oldest is twenty-one,
My oldest sister =
And = the youngest = is nineteen.
= the other (one)
Tom has two brothers
 How old are they?
The older one = is twenty four, and = the younger one = is twenty-three.
My older brother = the other one

Imagine you are talking to someone. Ask her how many brothers and sisters she
has and how old they are. Begin like this: ―How many...?‖
lucy : ―May i ask how old your sisters?‖
Jully : ―Yeah, it‘s OK.‖
Lucy : ― How old is she?‖
Jully : ―She‘s the youngest four and a half.
Lucy : ―Oh,yeah?‖
Jully : ―Yeah, that‘s right.‖

B. Are you married?

 Are you married?
Yes, i am.
No, i‘m = single.
= divorced.
 9

= widowed.
 What does your = wife ― do? ―
= husband ― do? ―
She is a housewife.
He/she works for IBM.

Ask your someone if they are married. If they are, ask what their
husbands and
Husbans and wives do.
Siska : ― Are you married ? ‖
Mina : ―Yes, i am. ―
Siska : ― Would you mind telling me what your husband does? ―
Mina : ―He works in a factory.
Siska : ―I see. Factory worker. And could i ask you how much he
earns? ―
Mina : ―His salary? do you have to know that?‖
Siska : ―Well, it wuold be helpful. Just a general amount.‖
Mina : ―About $13,500.
Siska : ― And you‘re housewife? No income?‖
Mina : ― Mmmm.‖
 10

Practice 2
First look at Pamela‘s family tree. Then ask her if she has any :
1. Brother
2. Cousins
3. Aunt and uncle

Wilma : Oh. Hi Martha.

Martha : Yeah, of course! Oh. Who is the baby?
Wilma : That's my daughter. Her name is Ericka. This picture is from her first
birthday.
Martha: Oh. She's cute. Who are the other people in the picture?
Wilma : Of course, that's me in the green dress. The other people are my parents.
My mother's nameisWanna andmyfather's name is Ed.
Wilma : Here's another picture.
 11

Martha : I recognize you but who's the man.

Wilma : That's my husband Carl. He's a great cook.
Martha : My husband's a terrible cook.
Wilma : Here's another picture.
Martha : Who's that?
Wilma : That's my sister Wanda and my nephewTommy.
Martha : Those are nice pictures. Do you want to see my pictures?
Wilma : Sure
 11

Unit 2
Place and Time
If we talk about place and time, it can refers to adverbs and
prepositions. Adverbs and prepositions is part of grammar. And now, we
can talk about it.

1. Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of place tell us where something happens. They are usually
placed after the main verb or after the clause that they modify. Adverbs
of place do not modify adjectives or other adverbs. These adverbs
always answer one important question: Where?
These simple rules for adverbs of place will help you to use them the
right way:
 An adverbs of place always talks about the location of the verb is
being carried out.
 An adverbs of place are normally placed after a sentence‘s object
or main verb.
 An adverbs of place can be directional. For example: Nearby, far
away, miles apart.
 An adverbs of place can indicate an object‘s position in relation to
another object. For example: Bellow, between, above, behind,
through, around and so forth.
 Many adverbs of place indicate movement in a particular direction
and end in the letters ―-ward or –wards‖. For example: Toward,
forward, backward, homeward, westward, eastwards, onwards.
 12

Adverbs of place list:

- Aboard - Eastwards - Overseas
- Across - Everywhere - There
- Ahead - Here - West
- Back - In - Yonder
- Backwards - Indoors - Downwards
- Beyond - Down

2. Adverbs of Time
Adverbs of time tell us when an action happened, but also for how
long, and how often.
These simple rules for adverbs of time will help you to use them the right
way:

 Adverbs of time often work best when placed at the end of sentences.
For example:
Robin Hood swindled the Sheriff of Nottingham yesterday.
I‘m sick of living in chaos, so I‘m going to clean my house tomorrow.
 You can change the position of an adverb of time to lend emphasis to
a certain aspect of a sentence. For example:
Later Robin Hood stole the king‘s crown. (The time is the most
important element here.)
Robin Hood later stole the king‘s crown. (This is a formal way to use
the adverb later. Notice how the statement sounds like it belongs in a
police report.)
Robin Hood stole the king‘s crown later. (This is a neutral, standard
way to use the adverb later.)
 Adverbs of time describing for how long an action occurred usually
work best at the end of a sentence. For example:
She stayed at her grandmother‘s house all day.
My father was up with heartburn for hours.
 Adverbs of time that express an exact number of times the action
happens usually work best at the end of a sentence. For example:
 13

The newspaper arrives daily.

They go out to dinner weekly.
Our family goes on an outing monthly.
 When using more than one adverb of time in a sentence, use them
in the following order:
1. How long
2. How often
3. When
For example:
She volunteered at the hospital (1) for three days (2) every month
(3) last year.

Example of Adverbs of Time

Each sentence contains an example of an adverb of time; the
examples are italicized for easy identification.

Are you coming to work tomorrow?

I‘d like to go to the movies later.
Jim was so sick he spent four weeks in the hospital.

Adverbs of Time List

After reading this list of adverbs of time, you may be able to come
up with several more on your own. Remember that adverbs of time always
tell us when, how long, and how often something happens.

When:
- Yesterday
- Today
- Tomorrow
- Later
- Last year
- Now
How long:
 14

- All morning
- For hours
- Since last week
How often:
- Frequently
- Never
- Sometimes
- Often
- Annually
3. Preposition
Many learners and teachers sometimes view the usage and meaning
of prepositions as a secret that can‘t be unlocked. However, if we
examine the syntactic environments of such key prepositions
systematically, patterns of usage and core meaning concepts emerge
which can aid explanation and learning.
The prepositions at, in and on are often used in English to talk
about places (positions) and times. Sometimes the choice of one over
another in a particular phrase or sentence seems arbitrary. However if we
analyse patterns of occurrence we can identify key concepts in meaning
and usage which consistently apply and can be used as a platform for
learning.
a. Prepositions of time
The preposition AT is used in the following descriptions of time:
 With clock times:
My last train leaves at 10:30.
We left at midnight.
The meeting starts at two thirty.
 With specific times of day, or mealtimes:
He doesn‘t like driving at night.
I‘ll go shopping at lunchtime.
I like to read the children a story at bedtime.
 With festivals:
Are you going home at Christmas/Easter?
 15

 In certain fixed expressions which refer to specific points in

time:
Are you leaving at the weekend?**
She‘s working at the moment.
He‘s unavailable at present.
I finish the course at the end of April.
We arrived at the same time.
**Note that in American English, on the weekend is the correct form.

The preposition IN is used in the following descriptions of time:

 With months, years, seasons, and longer periods of time:
I was born in 1965.
We‘re going to visit them in May.
The pool is closed in winter.
He was famous in the 1980‘s.
The play is set in the Middle Ages.
They‘ve done work for me in the past.
 With periods of time during the day:
He‘s leaving in the morning.
She usually has a sleep in the afternoon(s).
I tried to work in the evening.
 To describe the amount of time needed to do something:
They managed to finish the job in two weeks.
You can travel there and back in a day.
To indicate when something will happen in the future:
She‘ll be ready in a few minutes.
He‘s gone away but he‘ll be back in a couple of days.
The preposition ON is used in the following descriptions of
time:
 With days of the week, and parts of days of the week:
I‘ll see you on Friday.
She usually works on Mondays.
We‘re going to the theatre on Wednesday evening.
 16

Note that in spoken English, on is often omitted in this context,

e.g.: I‘ll see you Friday.
 With dates:
The interview is on 29th April.
He was born on February 14th 1995.
 With special days:
She was born on Valentine‘s day.
We move house on Christmas Eve.
I have an exam on my birthday.

If we examine these different aspects of usage for the three

prepositions, a general pattern emerges. At is generally used in
reference to specific times on the clock or points of time in the day. In
generally refers to longer periods of time, several hours or more. On is
used with dates and named days of the week.

b. Prepositions of place
The preposition AT is used in the following descriptions of
place/position:
 With specific places/points in space:
She kept the horse at a nearby farm.
I had a cup of coffee at Helen‘s (house/flat).
Angie‘s still at home.
I‘ll meet you at reception.
There‘s a man at the door.
I saw her standing at the bus stop.
Turn right at the traffic lights.
The index is at the back of the book.
Write your name at the top of each page.
 With public places and shops:
Jane‘s at the dentist/hairdresser.
I studied German at college/school/university.
Shall I meet you at the station?
 17

We bought some bread at the supermarket.

 With addresses:
They live at 70, Duncombe Place.
 With events:
I met her at last year‘s conference. She wasn‘t at Simon‘s party.

The preposition ON is used in the following descriptions of

place/position:
 With surfaces, or things that can be thought of as surfaces:
The letter is on my desk.
There was a beautiful painting on the wall.
The toy department is on the first floor.
Write the number down on a piece of paper.
You‘ve got a dirty mark on your jumper.
He had a large spot on his nose.
She placed her hand on my shoulder.
 With roads/streets, or other things that can be thought of as a line,
e.g.: rivers:
The bank is on the corner of King‘s Street.
Koblenz is on the Rhine.
Bournemouth is on the south coast.
It‘s the second turning on the left.
The preposition IN is used in the following descriptions of
place/position:
 With geographical regions:
Driving in France is very straightforward.
Orgiva is a very small village in the mountains.
 With cities, towns and larger areas:
Do you like living in Nottingham?
They were having a picnic in the park.
She works somewhere in the toy department.
 18

 With buildings/rooms and places that can be thought of as

surrounding a person or object on all sides:
Can you take a seat in the waiting room please?
I‘ve left my bag in the office.
There‘s a wedding in the church this afternoon.
Lots of people were swimming in the lake
 With containers:
There‘s fresh milk in the fridge.
I think I‘ve got a tissue in my pocket.
The money is in the top drawer of my desk.
 With liquids and other substances, to show what they contain:
Do you take milk in your coffee?
I can taste garlic in this sauce.
There‘s a lot of fat in cheese and butter.

A general pattern again emerges if we consider these different aspects of

usage. We can think of at as one-dimensional, referring to a specific place
or position in space. On is two dimensional, referring to the position of
something in relation to a surface. In is by contrast three-dimensional,
referring to the position of something in relation to the things that surround
it. Thinking of the prepositions in these terms helps us explain certain
facts. For instance, in is generally used for larger places and at for smaller,
more specific places, so we say:

We arrived in Inverness two hours ago.

But:
We arrived at the campsite two hours ago.
However, if we think of a city or larger place as a specific point in space,
we can use at, e.g.:
The train stops at Birmingham and Bristol.
Or if we think of a smaller place as three dimensional, we can use in, e.g.:
We‘ve lived in this little village for many years.
 19

c. Prepositions at/in/on – extended meanings

A systematic analysis of the occurrence of the prepositions at, in and
on in their core usage as indicators of time and place, helps us
establish some key meaning concepts which will aid us in identifying
and explaining their extended meanings:

at - is a mechanism for denoting the specific, it usually refers to fixed

points in time (e.g.: clock times) and specific points in space.

on – is a mechanism which usually describes something in relation to

a second, often linear dimension, hence it relates to the calendar (days
and dates) and surfaces or lines.

in – is a mechanism for describing something in relation to the things

that surround it in time or space, hence it relates to periods of time and
three dimensional spaces or containers.

Extended meaning of AT

 At is used for showing specific temperatures, prices and speeds,

etc.
Tickets are now on sale at £15 each.
He denied driving at 110 miles per hour.
And more generally to talk about the level or rate of something,
e.g.:
Interest rates have stayed at this level for several months.
The loan repayments are going up at an alarming rate.

 At is used to show when someone is a particular age:, e.g.:

He began composing at the age of 5.
She chose not to retire at 65.

 At is used to show that an activity is directed specifically towards

someone or something:
He‘s always shouting at the children.
Jamie threw the ball at the wall.
 20

Why are you staring at her like that?

 At is used to show the specific cause of a feeling or reaction:

Audiences still laugh at her jokes.
We were rather surprised at the news.

Extended meanings of ON
 On is used to show movement in the direction of a surface:
We could hear the rain falling on the roof.
I dropped my bags on the floor.
On is used to show when the surface of something accidentally hits or
touches a part of the body:
I cut my finger on a sharp knife.
She banged her head on the cupboard door.
 On is used to show that a part of someone‘s body is supporting their
weight:
She was balancing on one leg.
He was on his hands and knees under the table.
 On is used to show that something is included in a list:
He‘s not on the list of suspects.
How many items are on the agenda?

Extended meanings of in

 In is used to show movement towards the inside of a container, place

or area:
She put the letter back in her briefcase..
The farmer fired a few shots in the air.
 In is used to show when something is part of something else:
I‘ve found one or two spelling mistakes in your essay.
Who‘s the little girl in the photograph?
There are several valuable paintings in the collection.
 In is used to show that someone is wearing something:
Do you know that girl in the black dress?
 21

A man in a brown suit was walking towards her.

 In is used to show how things are arranged, expressed or written:
We gathered round in a circle.
Their names are given in alphabetical order.
Complete the form in block capitals.
She spoke to me in Spanish.
 22

Here is some example:

 23

Unit 3
Invitation
A. The definition of invitation
Invitation is a text which containing a request, a solicitation, or an
attempt to get another person to join you at specific event.
B. The generic structure of invitation
1. Including event title: including the purpose or type of event will be
held.
2. Showing orientation: inform about what will or who will come.
3. Stating date and time: including when or where the event will be
held.
4. Giving closing statement: including hope of of the writer to the
reader to come to his or her event.
C. Invitations and how to invite people English lesson
What will I learn from the lesson on invitations?
During this lesson you learn the basic on how to invite people in
a formal and informal way. The lesson also covers how to accept
invitations and how to decline them in a polite way.
Making invitations
Do you know how to invite someone to your house for dinner or
to go to the movies? What do you say in English when someone invites
you? Here are some common expressions you can use when making or
responding to invitations.
a. Formal Invitation
Formal is a more polite way of asking for people you don't
know that well.
I was wondering if you would like to join us for a meal. Perhaps
you would like to have dinner at my home. Perhaps you would like
to come round for a meal.We would like to invite you to dinner.I
thought you might like to try some of our local cuisine.There‘s a
really nice place just a few minutes from here.There‘s a pretty
good place you might like which specializes in steaks.
 24

Just round the corner. There‘s a great new place with a fantastic
view of the city.

b. Informal Invitation
Informal is a less polite way of asking for people normally
used for friends and family
1) Inviting
 Why not come round for a drink? What about going out for a
meal? Why not join us for a drink?
 Fancy going for a drink/ a meal?
 There‘s a really nice place just a few minutes from here/ round
the corner. Shall we meet later tonight to discuss it over
dinner?
 Let‘s discuss it later over a drink.
 Do you want to go to the movies tonight?
 Would you like to go to the theater tomorrow?
 Would you be interested in going to the the stadium next
Sunday?
 How do you fancy going to the the restaurant for dinner?
 How about going to the movies?
 Care to come over for lunch?
 I was just wondering if you would like to come over for a
drink.
 We'd be delighted to have you over for my birthday party.
 25

2) Accepting
 That‘s very kind of you. Thank you for inviting me. I‘d like
that very much.
 I‘d be delighted to come.
 Thank you. That‘d be very nice. I‘ll look forward to it.
 Yes, please. Thanks.
 That‘s/ What a good idea. That sounds good/ fun.
 Sure. What time?
 I'd love to, thanks.
 That's very kind of you, thanks.
 That sounds lovely, thank you.
 What a great idea, thank you.
 Sure. When should I be there?
Setting the details for your invitation
 What time should I come?
 Where shall we meet?
 Shall I pick you up?
 What time?
 Where shall I pick you up?
 Shall we meet at half past seven?
Say at half past seven.

How to decline an invitation

 Thank you very much, but I‘m
afraid I can‘t come.
 That‘s very kind of you,
unfortunately I have arranged
something else.
 That‘s very kind of you, but I won‘t be here tomorrow.
 That‘s very kind of you, unfortunately I‘m busy on Tuesday.
 I can't. I have to work.
 26

 This evening is no good. I have an appointment.

 I'm busy tomorrow. Can I take a rain check* on that?
 That's very kind of you, but actually I'm doing something else this
afternoon.
 Well, I'd love to, but I'm already going out to the restaurant.
 I'm really sorry, but I've got something else on.
 I really don't think I can - I'm supposed to be doing something else.
 Thanks, but I won‘t be able to make it then.
 No, thank you.
 No, thanks.
 I‘m all right, thanks.
 I can manage.
(*rain check: used to tell someone that you cannot accept invitations now, but
would like to do so at a later time)
Dialogue:
Mike and Ann are in a wedding party:
Mike: Do you want to dance?
Ann: No thanks. I'm a bit tired right now
Mike: How about having a drink?
Ann: Sure, I'd love to!

c. Oral Invitation
1. Words or Expressions Used for Giving an Invitation.
a. Would you like to + V1
b. I‘d like to invite you to + V1
c. Would you mind + V-ing +. . . ?
d. How about + V-ing + . . . ?
e. What about + V-ing + . . . ?
2. Words or Expressions Used for Giving a Response
 27

Read the dialogues below

1) At the office.
Staff : I‘d like to invite you to come to my engangement party on
Saturday
Supervisor : I‘d like love to come. Thanks. What time is the party?
Staff : In the afternoon at 4, and please come with your spouse.
Supervisor : okay. I‘ll be there.

2) Mr. Kuncoro comes to Mr. Purwanto house.

Mr. Kuncoro : Would you mind coming to my house this evening?
Mr. Purwanto : I‘d like to, but I.ve already planned to visit my parents. Thanks
anyway.
Mr. Kuncoro : Actually, I‘ll have a dinner party. We‘ll celebrate our wedding
anniversary.
Mr. Purwanto : Oh, congratulations to you. Hopefully your wedding will last
forever.
Mr. Kuncoro : Thank you very much.

3) On the way home.

David : I have two tickets to Exist Band concert on Saturday night. Would you
like to go?
Alex : Thank‘s, I‘d love to, What time is it?
David : It‘s at 8.00.
Alex : That sounds great. So, do you want to have dinner at 6.00?
David : Uh, I‘d like to, but I have to finish my homework first.
Alex : oh, that‘s O.K. let‘s just meet at the hall before the concert, around 7.30.
David : That sounds fine.
4) At school.
Jacky : There is a computer exhibition in Java Mall. It is from Thusday to
Sunday. Would you like to come with me?
Dodi : I‘d love to. When will we go?
Jacky : I‘ll pick you p at 4 p.m. is it O.K.?
 28

Dodi : That‘s fine.

d. Written Invitation
Written invitation which is usually written on piece of paper. It is
usually in the form of a very simple letter and doesn‘t follow the
certain limitation. There are some elements in the written
invitation. They are:
1. Heading,
2. Salutation,
3. Body of letter that consists of invitation, date, time, and place,
4. Closing.

A. Yani Street 202

Semarang Mr. And Mrs. Kusno Raharjo
June 16th, 2011 Request the pleasure of
Mr. And Mrs. Wiryo Subroto
Hi, friend. For dinner
Please come andOn Wednesday,
join the third
to my birthday of October
party of the 17th
anniversary, on: At seven o’clock
Merapi Street 78

th
RSVP Date: June 24 , 2011
Time:78,
Merapi Street 3 p.m.
Boyolali
Place:
0278-366789 Kampung Laut Resto
Marina Street Semarang

See you and have fun with me

Code dress: Blue Best isregards:

A written invitation Wella than a spoken one. In
more effective
writing a witten invitation, you must be careful to include the
folowing:
1. Your full address,
2. The date time, and place,
3. Any necessary regarding the kind of event or program
 29

There are some elements in the written invitation:

1. The Heading
It consist of three lines. The first line contains your addres. The
second one is the name of your town and postal code (if there
is one). The third shows the date. The most common wrritten
date is month, day, year.
2. The Salutation
It greets the reader. The usual form is the word dear followed
by the person name who is addressed to. There is a comma
after the salutation.
3. The Body
The body is the letter it self. In acommon personal letter, the
first line is intended. The example can be seen on the letter
above.
4. The Closing
If the closing consists of more than one word, only the fist
word of the closing is capitalized.
5. The Signature
The signature is below the closing whether the letter is typed
or hand written. It should not trail off the space of the fight
margin.
 29

Unit 4
Direction

-How do i get to …? - What's the best way to …?

- Where is …? - Go straight on (until you come to
…)
- Turn back./go back. - Turn left/right (into …-street).
 30

- Go along … - Cross …
- Take the first road on the left - Take the second road on the left
- It's on the left/right. - Straight on
- Opposite - Near
- Next to - Between
- At the end (of) - On/at the corner
- Behind - In front of
- (just) around the corner - Traffic lights
- Crossroads, junction - Signpost
- The bus station - Excuse me, do you know where the
... Is?
- Post office - I'm sorry, I don't know
- Sorry, I'm not from around here - I'm looking for ...
- This address - Are we on the right road
- Is this the right way for ...? - Do you have a map?
- Can you show me on the map? - It's this way
- It's that way - You're going the wrong way
- You're going in the wrong direction - Take this road
- Go down there - Take the first on the left
- Take the second on the right - Turn right at the crossroads
- Continue past the fire station - You'll pass a supermarket on your
left
- Keep going for another ... - Hundred yards (about 91 meters)
- Two hundred meter - Half mile (about 800 meters)
- Kilometer - It'll be ...
- On your left - On your right
- Straight ahead of you - How far is it?
- How far is it? - How far is it to ...?
- The airport - How far is it to ... From here?
- The beach - Is it far?
- Is it a long way? - It's ...
- Not far - Quite close
 31

- Quite a long way - A long way on foot

- A long way to walk
- Giving Directions To Drivers
- The town centre
- Take the second exit at the roundabout
- Go under the bridge
- You'll cross some railway lines
traffic lights.
- At the second set of traffic lights, turn left
a mile
- Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to...?
- About a mile from here
- Follow the signs for ...
- Go over the roundabout
- Turn right at the T-junction
- Go over the bridge
- Continue straight on past some
- Continue straight ahead for about

Direction is a statement that tells a person what to do and how to do it an

order or instruction. Instruction that tell you how to go to a place. directions
mentioned here is Go ahead/go straight on, turn right, turn left, T-junction,
crossroad, on the right side, on the left side, on the corner, 5-junction, turn around.
These directions can be described as follows :

A. Asking Direction
Asking direction by the way how to ask a questions to ask about the
location of a place.
 32

Note the following expression :

 Where is…?
 Would you please tell me how to get to …?
 Could you show me the way to …?
 Can you tell me which direction to …?

There are three kinds of asking directions, as follows :

1. Asking directions : responding negatively

 Excuse me. Which way is the post office ?

Pardon me. How do I get to
 The post office ? Sorry, I‘m not sure.
I don‘t know.
 Well, thanks anyway.

2. Asking more politely : responding negatively

 Excuse me. Would you know how to get to the post office (from
here) ?
Could you tell me where the post office is ?
 Sorry, I‘m not sure where it is.
I don‘t know.
 Well, thanks anyway.

3. Asking more politely : responding positively

 Excuse me. Could you tell me where the post office is ?

 Uh, let me see now it‘s down this street about two
blocks.
think for a moment
 Thanks a lot.
 You‘re (very) welcome.
 33

B. Giving direction
Giving direction otherwise known as responding to questions from
a person who does not understand a place to someone who is already
aware of the exact location of the place. Purpose of the giving direction is
to provide general or specific information about a place.

There are two kinds of responses :

1. Positive Response
Note the following expression :
 Yes, of course
 Certainly
 Yes, sure
 Go ahead
 Turn left
 Pass this street
 Go down this street
 Follow me, I‘ll show you the way
 Take this way
 Take that way
 Over there
 It is next to
 Take the first on the left
 Take the second on the right
 Turn right at the crossroads
 34

 Continue straight ahead for about a mile (one mile is

approximately 1.6 kilometers)
2. Negative Response
Note the following expression:
 No, I‘m sorry
 I don‘t know
 I‘m a new comer
 Sorry, I‘m not from around here

There are two kinds of giving directions, as follows:

1. Giving simple directions

 (You) go (straight) down this street.

up
It‘s the second right.
on the left next to the drugstore
right
just past
before
opposite

2. Giving longer directions

 (You)go down this street (for two blocks) until you come to the
university.
Make a left and go two blocks (more). Cross the street, and it‘s at
the end of the block just past
next to
across from the post office
Example of direction :
 35

Situation:
Jack is a tourist, He stays while in the Hotel. He will go to market but he
doesn‘t know where the market is. So he asks some local people.

Jack : Hi Sir, can you do a favor?

Billy : Yes, what can I do for you, sir?
Jack : Well, I‘m a foreign here. My name is Jack. Nice to meet you.
Billy : Nice to meet you too, Mr. Jack. People call me Billy. So what‘s
up, Jack?
Jack : I‘m looking for something of my souvenir. Is there any Market in
this neighborhood?
Billy : Yes, there is one of course. There is one of Giant Market in this area but
you will take a minute to get there because it is far from here .
Jack : Never mine, I will enjoy that journey. How do I get there?
Billy : Oke, I‘ll show you the way, listen … From this Hotel, walk along into St.
James Mansions. You will find T - intersection at Central Avenue Street.
Jack : Oke I see. What‘s next?
Billy : Turn left from that T-intersection. Keep going until you find what are
looking for. There is a market on the right side of Central Avenue and you
can find the souvenir in there.
Jack : I get it. That‘s not too complicated, is it? Well… thanks for the
information anyway.
Billy : Roger that. Good luck and have a nice trip, Jack.
Jack : See you, amigo. Gracias.
 36

Unit 5
Like and Dislike

Expression of like and

dislike is the way we act
through something at
certain time and places.
For example, when we
feel agree on something,
we will automatically
show some responses of
agreement and show
expressions of our feel to
that statement. If we heard
something that we do not
want to hear, we will show some expressions of our dislike and disagreement.
Usement of these kind of expressions is really depends on our own
opinion and the way we feel at certain time.
To show some expressions of like and dislike, we can use a polite responses
when talking to older people or who has higher position than ours.

Expression of like
The Pattern:
Subject + like/ like (s) + object (noun/verb-ing)
Subject + tobe + crazy about + object (noun/ verb-ing)
Subject + love/love (s) + object (noun/verb-ing)

Expression of dislike
The pattern:
Subject + dislike/dislike(s) + object (noun/verb-ing)
Subject + don‘t like/doesn‘t like + object (noun/verb-ing)
Subject + hate/ hate(s) + object (noun/verb-ing)
 37

Subject + to be + fed up with + object (noun/verb-ing)

Subject + can‘t stand with + object (noun/verb-ing)

Note:
Orang ketiga tunggal Expression of like and dislike
She/he/it Likes/loves/dislikes/hates

Orang pertama tunggal/orang Expression of like and dislike

pertama jamak
I/we Like/love/dislike/hate

Orang ketiga jamak/ orang kedua Expression of like and dislike

jamak/tunggal
They/you Like/love/dislike/hate

Example 1 :
1. They like nut
Mereka suka kacang
2. We like fruit
Kami suka buah-buahan
3. I love you
Saya suka/cinta kamu
4. You love spaghetti
Kamu suka spaghetti
5. They dislike listening rock music
Mereka tidak suka mendengarkan musik rock
6. We dislike sleeping in the afternoon
Kami tidak suka tidur di siang hari
7. I don‘t like pineapple
Saya tidak suka nanas
8. You hate a cheater
Kamu tidak suka seorang pencontek
 38

Note : Kalimat-kalimat diatas tidak menggunakan (s) pada kata like,

love, hate and dislike karena subjeknya bukan orang ketiga tunggal.

Example 2:
1. She likes blue gown
Dia suka gaun biru
2. He likes playing marbles
Dia suka bermain kelereng
3. She loves keroncong music
Dia suka musik keroncong
4. He loves sweeping the floor
Dia suka menyapu lantai
Note : kalimat-kalimat di atas menggunakan (s) pada kata like, love,
hate and dislike karena subjeknya menggunakan orang ketiga tunggal.

The use of to be:

Subject To be
They Are
We Are
I Am
You Are
She Is
He Is
It Is

Example 3:
1. They are crazy about Roller coaster in Dufan
Mereka tergila-gila akan roller coaster di dufan
2. We are crazy about Katty Perry
Kami tergila-gila akan Katty Perry
3. I am crazy about Jazz music
Saya tergila-gila akan musik jazz
 42

4. You are crazy about me

Kamu tergila-gila akan aku

The use of ―do/does‖:

Subject Do/Does
They Do
We Do
I Do
You Do
She Does
He Does
It Does

Note : subjek orang ketiga tunggal menggunakan „does‟

Example 4:
1. They don‘t like taking a bath
Mereka tidak suka mandi
2. We don‘t like flying too high
Kami tidak suka terbang terlalu tinggi
3. I don‘t like vegetables
Saya tidak suka sayuran
4. You don‘t like laughing
Kamu tidak suka tertawa

No Expression Meaning Responds

1 What do you like? Apa yang kamu suka? I like...
2 What does she like Apa yang dia suka? She likes...
3 What does he like? Apa yang dia suka? He likes...
4 What do we like? Apa yang kami suka? You like...
5 What do they like? Apa yang mereka They like...
suka?
 42

6 What do i like? Apa yang saya suka? You like...

7 What do you hate? Apa yang kamu benci? I hate...
8 What does she hate? Apa yang dia benci? She hates...
9 What does he hate? Apa yang dia benci? He hates...
10 What do they hate? Apa yang mereka They hate...
benci?
11 What do we hate? Apa yang kami benci? You hate...

12 What do i hate? Apa yang saya benci? You hate...

13 What are you crazy Apa yang membuat I am crazy about...

about? kamu tergila gila?
14 What is she crazy Apa yang membuat dia She is crazy about...
about? tergila gila?
15 What is he crazy Apa yang membuat dia He is crazy about...
about? tergila gila?
16 What are they crazy Apa yang membuat They are crazy
about? mereka tergila gila? about...
17 What are we crazy Apa yang membuat You are crazy
about? kami tergila gila? about...
18 What am i crazy about? Apa yang membuat You are crazy
saya tergila gila? about...
19 What do you love? Apa yang kamu suka? I love...
20 What does she love? Apa yang dia suka? She loves...
21 What does he love? Apa yang dia suka? He loves...
22 What do they love? Apa yang mereka They love...
suka?
23 What do we love? Apa yang kami suka? You love...
24 What do i love? Apa yang saya suka? You love...

Conversation:
Dialogue 1
A: Hei, do you know about the latest movie?
 42

B: Oh yes, i know it
A: What do you think about it? Do you like the movie?
B: It is a good movie. Yes, i like it. It's so romantic
A: Yeah, that's right. I love it too
C: Hey guys, what are you talking about?
A: We are talking about the latest movie. Do you know it?
C: Oh yeah i know it
B: Do you like that movie? It is romantic movie
C: Emmm...no, i don't like it
A: Uhh? Why?
C: Because, I prefer action movie than romantic movie
B: Ahh... I like action movie too
C: Are you hungry? What if we go to the Korean restaurant?
A: Yeah, I agree. It's a good restaurant. I like the food there
B: Yup, i love korean food too
C: Okay, let's go to there

Dialogue 2
Kirana: Do you like reading a novel?
Vania: Yes, I like it.
Kirana: What is your favorite novel?
Vania: My favorite novel is ―Catatan Hati Seorang Jomblo‖.
Kirana: That‘s a good novel, but I prefer ―Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan‖.

Dialogue 3
Lia: What do you like doing in your free time?
Mia: Reading a book and sometimes I like cooking. What about you?
Lia: I like writing. Writing is my hobby.
Mia: Do you like cooking?
Lia: I don‘t really like it. I know many food recipes, but I‘m too lazy to
cook.
Mia: What if we cook together?
 42

Lia: That‘s a good idea.

Dialogue 4
Rian: Do you like meatball?
Tino: No, I don‘ like it.
Rian: What kind of food do you like?
Tino: I like fried rice.
Rian: I also like it, but I prefer meatball.
 42

Unit 6
Past Events
1. What is exactly Past Event?
Past event is talking about an action or a situation that happened in
the past. The event can be short or long. When we talking about past
events or situations, we use the Simple Past Tense.
Adverb of time past event using Simple Past Tense :

S+V2+O

a. When we are talking about an event that happened at a particular

time in the past
- We arrived home before dark
- The film started at seven thirty
b. when we are talking about something that continued for some time in
the past
- Everybody worked hard through the winter
- We stayed with our friends in London
c. When we are talking about something that happened several times in
the past we use :
 the past simple:
o Most evenings we stayed at home and watched DVDs
o Sometimes they went out for a meal.
 or used to
o Most evenings we used to stay at home and watch DVDs.
o We used to go for a swim every morning.
 ... or would
 43

o Most evenings he would take the dog for a walk.

o They would often visit friends in Europe.

WARNING: We do not normally use would with stative verbs.

d. We use the past continuous :

- When we are talking about something which
happened before and after a given time in the past
o It was just after ten. I was watching the news on TV.
o At half-time we were losing 1-0.
- When we are talking about something
happening before and after another action in the past:
o He broke his leg when he was playing rugby.
o She saw Jim as he was driving away.

2. The past and the present:

We use the present perfect:

a. when we are talking about the effects in the present of something

that happened in the past :
o I can‘t open the door. I’ve left my keys in the car.
o Jenny has found a new job. She works in a supermarket now.
b. When we are talking about something that started in the past
and still goes on:
o We have lived here since 2007. (and we still live here)
o I have been working at the university for over ten years.

These sentences beloware the simple examples of past events :

1. What did you do last Friday? I went to a baseball game.

2. Where did you go?
3. When did you get back?
4. Where did you stay?
5. What did Sally have for lunch?
6. What did he eat last night?
I went to Detroit.
I got back on Saturday night.
I stayed with my parents.
She had soup and sandwiches.
He ate Chinese food.
 44

Relate to past event, in daily life we usually talk about our personal
history to other people. And it can be divided into several sections:

1. Talking about personal history

The little conversation bellow is an example to show about
someone personal history :

Kevin : Were you born in Los Angeles ?

Anne : No, i was born in Chicago ?
Kevin : Did you grow up there ?
Anne : Yeah, i grew up in the suburbs.
Kevin : Did you graduate from high school in Chicago ?
Anne : No, I graduated from Lincoln High.

2. Clarifying Information
It used to make clear the information about the history.

Kevin : I moved out here when i was fourteen.

Anna : So you went to high school here ?
Kevin : Yeah, that‘s right.

3. Being Specific
This point is to

Kevin : I lived in Munich for a while.

Anne : Did you? And when was that?
Kevin : That was about elevent years ago. In 1973. When i was nineteen.
 45

4. Length Of Time
Example length of time

Kevin : How long did you stay in Munich?

Anne : there for two years. From 1973 to 1975. Between 1973 and 1975.

The underlined words show the period(length of time) of the

events.
5. What Next?
Example of what next?

Kevin : And what did you do after leaving Chicago?

Anne : well, then i went to high school in L.A.

Here is the simple example conversation of talking past events

Andi is yuni‘s classmate. He saw yuni at Mall. But they didn‘t meet each other:
Andi : Hello Yuni. How are you?
Yuni : Hi Andi. I‘am very well. How about You?
Andi : I‘am fine. Thank You. Anyway, where did you go last night?
Yuni : I went to the mall with my parents. Did you see me?
Andi : I saw you last night but you look so hurry. Why were you so?
Yuni : Oh I wanted to find something to drink, Mysister was thirsty.
Andi : Oh I see. I also saw little girl, maybe she was only 4 years. Is she your
sister?
Yuni : Yes, she is my youngest sister.
Andi : She looked so beautiful. What did she wear? Its look like a party dress.
Yuni : Thats a princess Elsa‘s gown.
Andi : Wow! Did you mean, frozen?
 46

Yuni : Exactly! It was event bye hear grand-aun. Bye the way, I didn‘t see you.
What were you doing?
Andi : I just wanted to refresh my mind.
Yuni : With your family?
Andi : Yes. My family took me to the Mall, so we went to cinema.
Yuni : I must be a good movie. What did you watch?
Andi : We watched Cars II. My brother loves that movie so much. He had been
waiting that movie for a long time. That‘s amazing!
Yuni : Cool, I have watched the first story, but not for the second one. Oh, I‘am
sorry Andi I‘ve to go canteen. I have no breakfast this morning.
Andi : Okay. No problem. Would you mind to buy me some candies?
Yuni : Okay, why not?
Andi : Thanks. I am waiting for it.
When we are going to tell our experience to someone else we also called it
as Past Event, these activities will help you learn how to tell or write past events
in your life.
This e-mail below are the example:
To : susanbrown25@gmail.com
From : hanifah129@gmail.com
Subject: Hello Susan
Hi Susan,
I‘ve got some good news. I‘ve got a new job. Last week I saw an
advertisement for a shop assistant in a shop window and decided to apply for the
job. I spoke to manager and he gave me an application form. I took it home, filled
it in end sent it back at the same day. Two days later the manager phoned. He
invited for an interview. I went to town. I bought some new clothes and shoes
because I wanted to look good for my interview.
On the day of interview I felt very nervous. When I got there, the manager
showed me around the supermarket and introduced me to the staff. Then, he asked
me a lot of questions about my job and the jobs I had before. At the end of the
interview he offered me the job and told me I can start next week. And I can‘t
wait for it.
 47

3. Telling about past events

Storytellers usually tell the events of the story in the past
tense. The tense most often used in stories is the past simple. Doing verbs
in the past simple are used in the ORIENTATION,
PROBLEM and SOLUTION stages of stories. Using the past simple

We use the past simple to talk about events which were completed
in the past. We typically make verbs into the past simple by adding -ed to
the verb base :

- Lara picked up her bag and walked slowly to the door.

- Some commonly used past simple verbs have irregular forms.

To make a past simple verb negative, we add did not to the verb, eg did
not worry. In stories we often see the contracted form, eg didn't worry.

Here are some events in the past simple from the ORIENTATION of the
narrative An adventure at Ocean Park:

doing clause

event

Lara picked up her bag

She waved and smiled.

Here are some events in the past simple from the PROBLEM stage of the
narrative Adventure at Ocean Park:
 48

doing clause

event

Lara took Rosie's

hand

and they went through the entrance.

Lara pushed through the crowd.

Here are some events in the past simple from the SOLUTION stage of the
story Adventure at Ocean Park:

doing clause

event

She bent Down

and picked it up.

Here is a event in the past simple from the CODA stage of the story
Adventure at Ocean Park:

doing clause

event

Lara and winked at each other.

Rosie

A. Using other past tenses

Although the most typical past tense in a story is the past simple, we can
also use other kinds of past tenses, e.g the past perfect, the past perfect
continuous and the past continuous. We use the past perfect if we want to talk
about events which were completed before other events of the story occurred. To
 49

make this tense, we typically add had to the past participle, although some
common verbs have a special past perfect form.

doing clause

event before
other events
- past perfect

Perhaps she had gone straight to the pandas.

We use the past perfect continuous for events which were continuing
before other events of the story. To make this tense, we combine the past perfect
of the verb be, had been, to the -ing form of the verb.

doing clause

continuing event
before other events
- past perfect
continuous

She had been chattering in the car about a secret she

wanted to tell Jia
Jia.

She had been playing with a whole in the car that morning.
packet of
them

We use the past continuous if we want to talk about events which

are not completed, or events which were still happening at the same time as
another event happened. To make the past continuous, we add was/were to the
verb base with an -ing ending.
 50

- not completed - completed

incomplete complete
event event

The merry-go- was but Rosie wasn't on it.

round starting

- not completed

incomplete event

Her heart was beating fast.

Jia Jia was sitting near the front ...

People were pointing and talking very excitedly.

Narating Past Events / Experiences

When we are telling our friends about a past event in our lives-a past event,
like a party you went to, or a past experience, like a trip your made, a love
relationship you had, or an anecdote, like a childhood memory, a fun memory of a
meeting or lesson...

1. How many different tenses do we us? (consider modals in a paralel block)

2. When do we switch from the past to the present?
3. Extra question you can skip if it makes you feel puzzled: a different kind
of question you should also consider is: what language function do tenses
perfom? For instance, we us the present simple to speak about habits and
routines, things that are generally speaking true or permanenting our
knowledge system.... this means tense do not only mean time! If I were
rich I‟d set up a co-operative. “were” and “d set up” are not only a past
simple and a conditional tense: they‟re also indicating what i‟am saying in
hypothetical. (Modals are amazing for this “language function” thingy)
 51

When we talk about our life stories we switch from past to present in moments
we want listeners to focus. Notice how you do it in Spanish. It‘s tricky when you
try to do it in English, mostly because you feel insecure. The safest option is for
you to stick to the past. But us you practice listening to yourself at home, in your
weekly monologues (or talks). Remember to record yourself, you will learn much
more than you think you‘ll develop a sense of when is it Ok to switch to the
present. If you are not doing your weekly monologues, just tell the story in the
past.

Unit 7
Schedule

A volunteer adjusts the schedule board at Wikimania 2007.The

board indicates the times and locations at which events will take place,thus
assistingparticipants in deciding which events they can attend.
 52

Hours of operation posted at a FEMA office following a disaster

inform the public of when FEMA employees will be available to assist
them.

A train schedule informs travelersof the trains going to various

locations,and indicates the time of departure.
 53

A weekly work schedule indicates which employees of a business

are going to work at which times,to ensure the effective distribution of
labor resources.

A. The Meaning Of Schedule

A schedule is a printed from with lists of information: stock
prices,train departure times,payment schedule,etc.
A schedule or a timetable as a basic time-management
tool,consist of a list of times at which possible task,events or actions
are intended to take place,or of sequence of events in the
chronological order in which such things are intended to take
place.The process of creating a schedule deciding how to order these
tasks and how to commit resources between the varietyof possible
tasks is called scheduling,and a person responsible for making a
particular schedule may be called a scheduler.Making and following
schedules is an ancient human activity.

B. The Kinds Of Schedules

1. Publicly available schedules
Certain kinds of schedules reflect information that is generally
made available to the public,so that members of the public can plan
certain activities around them.These may includes things like :
 54

 Hours of operations of businesses,tourist attractions,and

government office which allow consumers of these services to
know when they can obtain them.

 Transportation schedules,such as airline timetables,train

schedules,bus schedules and various public transport
timetables are published to allow commuters to plan their plan.

 In broadcast programming,the minute planning of the content

of a radio or television broadcast channel.
 55

 Concerts and sporting events are typically scheduled so that

fans can plan to buy tickets and attend the events.

2. Internal Schedules
An internal schedule is a schedule that is only of importance to the
people who must directly abide by it.
 Workplace schedule is a list of employees who are working on
any given day,week or month in a workplace.
 56

 Class schedule is one type of schedule that applies only in

schools that provide a series of lessons taught information on a
particular day.

3. Project Management schedules

Project Management schedules is a list of a project‘s terminal
elements with intended start and finish dates.
 57

4. Computer science schedules

Computer science schedules is a list of actions from a set of
transactions in databases.

C. Conversation
It is a conversation about schedule in the train station
Booking the ticket
Dhila : Good morning sir…
Clerk : Good morning miss,what can I do for you?
Dhila : I want to buy a ticket to Surabaya for next week.
 71

Clerk : Ok,which class do you want?Executive,business class or regular

train?
Dhila : Let me think first,hmmm I‘ll take the business class
Clerk : Wait for a second,I‘m preparing the ticket.(after a
minute)…Ok,Miss Dhila,here is the ticket,a business class for
one person to Surabaya next week.The train will leave the
station at 7 a.m.Please come in time.
Dhila : Ok,thank you sir
Clerk : You‘re welcome miss Dhila
Dhila misses the train and she wants to exchange the ticket
Dhila : Excuse me sir,I missed the train to Surabaya 20 minutes
ago.Can I exchange the ticket to the next departure?
Clerk : I‘m so sorry Miss Dhila,you cannot exchange your
ticket,because it‘s your mistake.You should come on time next
time.
Dhila : How about a half price?I am ok to pay the rest of it.
Clerk : I‘m so sorry you cannot.
Dhila : So it means that I must buy a new one?
Clerk : Yes,you must buy the new ticket to Surabaya.
Dhila : In that case,I buy the new one to Surabaya for today.
Clerk : Let me check it first.After a minute…Ok,Here is the ticket to
Surabaya.The departure is at 10 a.m. don‘t miss it again Miss.
Dhila : I will.
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Unit 8
Offering, Accepting, and Refusing Offer
Offer means to give something physical or abstract to someone
which can be taken as a gift or a trade.Offer can be in terms of food,
money, solutions, friendship or a bargain. Offer means to give help. It can
be taken or refused.

How to offer help How to accept an offer

1. Shall I do it for you? 1. Thank you very much
2. What can I do for you? 2. Oh, yes please
3. Would you like me to 3. If you‘re sure. It‘s no
help you? problem

How to refuse the offer

1. Please, don‘t trouble yourself with this.
2. Thank you for the offer, but I can do it myself.
3. That‘s a good idea, but thanks.

A. OFFERING SOMETHING
Offering Something is a way for someone to offer help to someone. In
offering something revealed there were two grammar namely:

Formal
Examples of formal words:
1. Would you like something to drink?
2. Would tou like to disco?
3. Would you like to come along?
4. Could i offer you a glass of lemonade?
5. Would you mind joining us?
6. Shall i get you a bottle of water?
Above is an example of offering something formal word, usually
used to older people.
 71

Informal
Examples of informal words:
1. What can i get for you?
2. Won't you have a pancake?
3. Cheese sandwich?
4. Chocolate?
5. Have some?
6. Like one?
7. How about some?
Above is an example of an informal said offering something, usually
used to people the same age.
Offering things in English is important for every time we want to be
polite, host people at your home or work, etc. We can use the phrases
below which is about how to accept offers graciously if we want to treat
our guests generously.

Here are some of the most important phrases used to offer something :
1. Can I get you some…?
2. Would you like some..?
3. May I offer you some…?
4. Would you like me to get you some..?

Example:
Formal Dialogue
Perri : Can I get you something to drink?
Yoon : Yes, that would be nice, Thank you
———————————————-
Luna : May I offer you some tea?
Vury : Thank you.

Informal Dialogue
 71

Mom : Are you up for some dinner?

Reeva : Yes, mom. What‘s on the menu?
——————————————-
Nury : What about something to drink?
Karen : Sure, do you have any coffee?

B. ACCEPTING OFFER
Accepting offers is as important as we offer something. We have to make
sure to thank our host to show our politeness. The following phrases are
commonly used when accepting an offer.
Example:
Ann : May I get you some to drink?
Rena : Yes, I‘d love to get some tea.
———————————————————
Puput : Would you like me to get you some food?
Maria : That would be nice. Thank you.
Xhao : Would you like some cookies?
Quinn : Thank you, but I‘m on a diet.
——————————————————–
Dean : How about a cup of tea?
Farah : I‘d like to have a cup of tea.

Accepting an Offer
Is the means used to receive help or offer from someone.
Examples:
1. Thank you
2. Yes, please!
3. I'd like it
4. Thank you, i would
5. That would be very nice
 71

Example :
Zoe : Shall I carry your luggage to your apartment?
Sarah :Yes, please!
Lean: Do you need help?
Vera : Would you mind sending me those boxes, please!

C. REFUSING OR DECLINING OFFER

If we don‘t want to accept an offer, be sure to politely refuse. Offering an
excuse is also a good idea in order not to offend your kind host.
Politely refusing offers:
1. I‘m all right, thanks
2. I‘m fine, thanks
3. That‘s very kind. Unfortunately, I‘d like to, but…
4. Thank you, but I‘m on a diet.
5. No thanks, i‘ve just had lunch

Refusing an Offering Something

Is the means used to refuse assistance or offer from someone.
Examples:
1. No, thanks
2. No, i really won't. Thank you
3. Not for me , thanks
4. No thanks, I am not hungry

Example:
Yean : Is there anything I can do for you?
Franda : Thank you, but I can finish it soon
Intan : Well, let me know if i can be of any help
Mary : Thanks for your kindness
 71

Expressing of Offering, Accepting and Refusing Offer

In a Restaurant 1
Mariana : What are you going to have, Helena?
Helena : Just a cheeseburger and french fries. What about you?
Mariana : I think i‘ll have the chef‘s salad. I guess we‘re ready to order,
then. Waitress , Excuse me , Waitress!!
Waitress : Yes, ma‘am. May i help you?
Mariana : Yes, we‘d like to order please
Waitress : Fine. And what would you like?
Helena : I‘ll have a cheeseburger, medium rare with french fries.
Mariana : could i have the chef‘s salad, please?
Waitress : One chef‘s salad and a cheeseburger. And what kind of
dressing would you like on the salad?
Mariana : What kinds do you have?
Waitress :Italian, French, Russian, or oil and vinegar
Mariana : I‘d like Russian
Waitress : Would you care for anything to drink?
Mariana : Do you have any iced tea?
Waitress : I‘m sorry, we don‘t
Mariana : Well, i‘ll have a coffee, then
Waitress : Yes, ma‘am. Would you like anything else?
Mariana : Not right now, thank you. What about you Helen?
Helena : Could you bring me some sliced tomatoes?
Waitress : One side order of sliced tomatoes. Very good. And shall i
bring you your coffee now?
Mariana : Yes, please.

In a Restaurant 2
Waiter : Would you care to order now, sir?
Dan : Yes, i think we‘re ready. Janet?
Janet : Yes, i‘ll have the baked salmon
Waiter : Very good. And what kind of potatoes would you like with that?
 71

Janet : Boiled. Please

Waiter : Vegetable?
Janet : Broccoli. . .oh no, sorry. I think i‘d rather have asparagus
Waiter : The asparagus. Yes , ma‘am. Soup or salad?
Janet : Salad
Waiter : And what kind of dressing would you like on that : Russian,
Blue Cheese or french?
Janet : I‘ll take the blue cheese
Waiter : And what would you like to drink?
Janet : Coffee. But i‘ll have that later
Waiter : Very good. Ma‘am. And you sir?
Dan : I‘d like the veal cutlet
Waiter : I‘m sorry sir. But we‘re all out of the veal cutlet
Dan : Oh i see. Well, bring me the steak then
Waiter : Yes, sir. And how would you like that?
Dan : Medium rare
Waiter : Fine sir. Soup or salad?
Dan : What kind of soup is it?
Waiter : Today‘s soup is French onion
Dan : That sounds nice. I‘ll have the soup
Waiter : Mashed, boiled, or baked potato?
Dan : Baked
Waiter : Vegetable?
Dan : I‘ll have the broccoli
Waiter : Very good, sir. And what will you have to drink?
Dan : Nothing right now, thank you!

Another Dialogue
Husband : I‘m going to the bank. Do you want me to stop at the
supermarket on my way back?
Wife : Good idea
Husband : What do we need?
 71

Wife : Let me check the refrigerator. Hmm, we haven‘t got any bread for
one thing
Husband : So we need a loaf of bread
Wife : Yeah, but get whole wheat bread. I don‘t like that thin white stuff
Husband : OK. What about butter?
Wife : No, we‘ve got enough
Husband : Vegetables?
Wife : Well, we‘ve got plenty of potatoes and cucumbers, but we don‘t
have any tomatoes
Husband : Tomatoes. Anything else? Cabbage, lettuce?
Wife : You‘d better get some lettuce, too. We only have half a head
Husband : What about fruit?
Wife : We‘ve got some oranges, but we don‘t have any apples. You‘d
better put them down, too.
Husband : Do we need any eggs?
Wife : Yeah, we‘ve only got a couple left. You‘d better get a Dozen
Husband : Milk?
Wife : No, we‘ve got half a gallon. That should be enough
Husband : What are we having for dinner?
Wife : Hmm. I hadn‘t thought about that. How about pork chops for a
change? We haven‘t had them for a while
Husband : That sounds good. How many should i buy?
Wife : Four should be enough
Husband : OK. Is that it?
Wife : I think so.
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Unit 9
Conditional Sentences
C
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l

s
e
ntence are semtences expressing factual implications, or hypotheticals
situations and their consequences. They are so called because the validity
of the main clause of the sentence is conditional on the existence of certain
circumstances, which may be expressed in a dependent clause or may be
understood from the context.
A full conditional sentence (one which expresses the condition as
well as its consequences) therefore contains two clauses. The dependent
clause expressing the condition, called the protasis and the main clause
expressing the consequence, callaed the apodosis, an example of such a
sentence is the following: ― if it rains, the picnic will be cancelled‖. Here
the condition is expressed by the clause ― if it rains‖, this being the protais
while the consequence is expressed by ―the picnic will be cancelled‖, this
being is apodosis. (the protasis may either precede or follow the apodosis,
it is equally possible to say ―the picnic will be cancelled if it rains‖). In
tremsof logic, the poratis corresponds to the antecedent, and the apodosis
to the consequent.
 71

Languages use a variety of grammatical forms and constructions in

conditional sentences. The forms of verbs used in the protasis an apodosis
are often subject to particular rules as regrads their tense and mood. Many
languages have a sepecialized type of verb form called the conditional
mood broadly equivalent in meaning to the English ― would (do
something)‖ for use in some types of conditional sentece.
a. Type of conditional
a. Zero Conditional
We use the zero conditinal (if + present simple + present
simple), to talk about facts. Rule and the situations which are
always true (one thing always follow the other).

If the telephone rings,

it makes a noise!

We use Zero Conditional to describe rules and situations

where one event always follows the other.

a) for general truths

example : If the recorder is on, the green light appears.

b) for instructions
example : If you have any problem, call our store.
b. First conditional sentence
 71

We use the first conditional sentence (if + subject + simple

present,subject + will)to talk about possible future events which
depend on other events happening in the future.
a) First Conditional form:
If Clause – Present Simple + Future (Will)
Future (Going To)
- For Plans
Example conditional type 1

 If you heat water, it boils.

 If you put salt and vinegar on chips, they taste nicer.
 If you need assistance, press here.
 If you don‘t come on time, you miss such a lot.
 If you feel tired, it‘s a good idea to go to bed.
 If it rains, it‘s good for the garden.
 If I eat too many sweets, I put on weight.
 If I get up too early, I feel tired all day.
 If I have toothache, I go to the dentist‘s.
 If I feel ill, I make an appointment with my GP.
 If I read without my glasses on, I strain my eyes.
 If the number 54 is late, the next bus is the 56.
 If school finishes early, I usually go to my friend‘s house.
 If the post comes on time, I look at it before I go to work.
 If you spill coffee on my laptop, it doesn‘t agree with it!
 Soap dissolves if you leave it in water.
 Plants die if you don‘t water them.
 Milk goes off if you don‘t keep it in a cool place.
 Ask the teacher if you don‘t understand.
 I don‘t mind if you want to use the car.
 Children get upset if they‘re being bullied.
 Stamps can be good fun if you enjoy collecting things.
 It can be hard to access the web if you don‘t have a PC at home.
 The heater comes on if you press this switch.
 71

 Pasta tastes awful if you let it boil for too long.

 I can go early on Fridays if I ask my manager‘s permission.
 I usually like listening to the radio if Julie has it on.
 My mind goes blank if you put me on the spot.
 The car runs like a dream if you service it regularly.
 Dogs really like it if you walk them regularly.
c. Second conditional sentence

Garfield doesn‘t know what would be fun.

Laziness COMES naturally to Garfield.

We use the second conditinal sentence (if + subject + past

tense, subject, would + bare infinitive ) to talk about uneral,
impossible and unlikely situation in the present and in the future.

if clause - past simple + would/could/might + infinitive

Second conditional form :
a) To talk about imagined, impossible or unlikely events in the
future.
b) To talk about impossible present situations.
1. Now you do it!
 71

2. I am not in your position. I can‘t do it.

3. If I were in your position, I could do it.
4. I am fit. I will go climbing
5. If I were (was) fit, I wouldn‘t go climbing.
6. I am in a hurry. I won't stay to dinner.
7. If I weren‘t (wasn‘t) in a hurry, I would stay to dinner.
8. He's not a millionaire. He won't buy you a palace.
9. If he were (was) a millionaire, he would buy a palace.
10. The weather isn't sunny. We won't stay indoors.
11. If the weather were (was) sunny, we would stay indoors.
Example conditional type 2
 If I were you, I‘d get my hair cut.
 If I had the time, I‘d take up golf.
 If I saw you more often, we could get to know each other better.
 If I lost my wallet, I‘d report it at the police station.
 If I met Michael Jordan, I‘d ask him for his autograph.
 If I won the lottery, I‘d buy a house for my brother.
 If I wasn‘t so lazy, I‘d start my own business.
 If my friend were here, you could meet him.
 If I drank too much, I‘d be sure to make a fool of myself.
 If I studied more often, I might get better grades.
 If I woke up at nine am, I‘d be late for work.
 If I entered the competition, I wouldn‘t do very well.
 If I played football for England, they wouldn‘t keep losing!
 If I saw my children smoking, I‘d be really angry with them.
 If I came to class early, I could finish my homework.
 If I bought a video recorder, I wouldn‘t miss my favourite soap.
 If I wore that red dress, they would all notice me.
 If I left it up to you, we wouldn‘t get anything done.
 If I had a word-processing package, I could type up my reports.
 If I were twenty years‘ younger, I‘d marry her!
 If I needed help, I would ask you.
 71

 If I moved to Canada, I could get a good job out there.

 If we took part in the quiz, we might win it.
 If we saw that film, you wouldn‘t enjoy it.
 If the computer crashed, you‘d lose all your unsaved work.
 If our boat got lost, we‘d have to call for help.
 If I told her that I‘m a vegetarian, she‘d be surprised.
 If my washing machine broke, I‘d get it mended.
 If I had a heart attack, I might die.
 If I were Prime Minister, I‘d privatise the NHS.
d. Third Conditional

‖If Bart had studied,he wouldn‘t have failed‖

The Third Conditional is formed in this way:
if + Past Perfect, would/could/might + Perfect Infinitive
The thrid conditional sentence Use:
1. To talk about things in the past happening differently from the
way they really happened. This sometimes means criticizing people
or pointing out their mistakes.
If you'd been a bit more careful, you wouldn't have cut yourself.
2. To express regret about the past.
If I hadn't fallen ill and missed the interview, I might have got the
job.
Example conditional sentences type 3
 If you‘d eaten your dinner, you wouldn‘t have been hungry.
 If I‘d married Harry, we would have been happy.
 If I‘d sold my car to you, you‘d have got a bargain.
 If you‘d attended every lesson, you‘d have passed that exam
 71

easily.
 If it‘d been sunny yesterday, we would‘ve gone to the beach.
 If I‘d told you about Chantal, you wouldn‘t have believed me.
 If we‘d read the map properly, we wouldn‘t have got lost.
 If you‘d asked her, she could‘ve come as well.
 If I‘d won the lottery, I wouldn‘t be shopping in charity shops!
 If you‘d eaten all of your main course, you could‘ve had some
dessert.
 If I‘d had the chance, I would have gone to university.
 If I‘d had your phone number, I could‘ve called you.
 72

 If I‘d asked the doctor, she would‘ve advised me on what to

do.
 If I‘d lent you my lawnmower, you would have broken it.
 If I‘d watched that program, I would‘ve been bored stiff.
 If I‘d had the salmon, I might have got food poisoning.
 If I‘d gone to the interview, I might have got the job.
 If they‘d scored another goal, they would‘ve won.
 If I‘d found some money, I would‘ve handed it in.
 If I‘d taken a taxi, I would have been there by now.
 If I‘d thrown away your magazine, you would‘ve been
annoyed.
 If I‘d gone on the trip to London, I would‘ve visited Hyde
Park.
 If I‘d eaten your chocolates, I would‘ve felt a bit guilty.
 If I‘d known it was your birthday, I would‘ve got you a
present.
 If we didn‘t remember which room it was, we could‘ve asked
Stephen.
 If the train had been late, we would‘ve missed our
appointment.
 If I‘d had the courage, I would‘ve confronted her.
 If I‘d opened the shop on Sundays, I would‘ve compromised
my beliefs.
 If you‘d been here earlier, you could have had a free drink.
 If my shirt had been dry, I could have put it on.

C. Dialogue complelity metod conditional sentence

A: I am having some problems at work, and I was wondering if
you might be able to give me some advice.

B: Sure, what's the problem?

A: The computer sales business is more difficult than I thought.

When customers come in to look at the new computer models, they
 73

often ask me which model they should buy. If they ask me to

suggest a model, I am usually quite honest with them. Most
computer users don't need very advanced computer; they just need
a basic model which they can use for word-processing,
bookkeeping and Internet access. If I am honest and
I recommend one of the cheaper models, my boss gets angry at
me. He always says that a good salesperson can convince a
customer to buy one of the more expensive advanced models. I
don't really feel comfortable doing that. What would you do in my
situation? Isn't it wrong to make them buy something which they
don't need?

B: I think you should help your customers make an intelligent

decision. If I were you, I would educate the customers. I would
teach them how to make a good decision by themselves. I wouldn't
make the decision for them. When a customer asks a question,
answer it honestly. You don't need to lie to the customer, and you
don't need to make the decision for them.

A: When I sell an inexpensive computer to a customer, my

boss complains that I am not trying hard enough. What would you
tell him?

B: I were in your situation, I would tell him that I wasn't

comfortable forcing customers to buy products which they don't
need. Tell him that you don't want to lie to honest people, and that
you want to provide them with good service. Remind him that
when customers get good service, they return to a store and spend
more money.

A: I think that's a great idea. He might change his mind if I said

that to him. Maybe he would realize that good service is the most
important thing to consumers. And, of course, I would feel much
 74

More comfortable if I were able to be honest with the customers.

Thanks for your advice.
 74

Unit 10
Describing Place
Before we learn about describing of place, let us know about descriptive
t
e
x
t
.

Descriptive Text

 Definition
Descriptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like
or lists the characteristics of something.Descriptive text is a text that
describe a particular person, place or thing.
 Purpose
To describe and reveal the characteristic a particular person, place,
or thing in detail.
 Generic Structure
1. Identification
In this part contains introduces to subject of the description.
2. Description
In this part contains details of the characteristic features of the
subject. It may describe parts, qualities, size, physical apperance,
ability, habit, daily life, etc.
 The Language Feature of Descriptive Text
1. Using simple present tense
 75

If things or persons descried are still alive.The simple present

tense is the one which we use when an action is happening right
now, or when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it‘s
sometimes called present indefinite).
The simple present tense is used:
a. To describe facts and habits.
b. To describe schedule events in the future.
c. To tell stories to make your listener or reader feel more
engaged with the story.
The simple present tense is formed by using the root form or by
adding -s or -es to the end, depending on the person.

Simple Present Tense

Rumus:
a. S + to be +(am/is/are) + ...
b. S +Verb 1 (s/es) + ...

For example:

- Icha is a teacher
- Andi goes to school every morning
2. Using past tense
If things or persons described don‘t exist anymore.
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The past tense is used describe or indicate an action that began in the
past.

Rumus:
a. S + to be (was/were) + ...
b. S + Verb 11 + ...

For example:
- I was late yesterday
- Ratna went to Solo last week
3. Using noun
Noun is words that give a name to something.
For example: cat, computer, man, woman, house, etc.

(ball) (house)

(cat and computer) (human)

4. Using kinds of adjective

An adjective is words that add description to something.
For example: beautiful, bad, ugly, tall, small, etc.
 77

5. Using active verb

Verb is words that describe an action.
For example: jump, speak, run, throw, swim, etc.

Example Describing Of Place:

KutaBeach
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Kuta beach is a beautiful in a southern Bali. Its location is in

Badung Regency, 9 km from Denpasar, the capital of Bali exactly near
Bali‘s Ngurah Rai Airport.
Kuta is one of the first towns with substantial tourist development
and also remains one of Indonesia‘s major tourist destinations. Its long
Sandy beach is known internationally, its with varied accomondation,
many restaurants, bars, and renowned surfers.
It is also well-known as the right place for people to see scenic
sunset in the afternoon. People who come to Bali will be very unlucky if
they don‘t see the panoramic sunset in this town. It is real that tourist feel
happy to be there. They can sunbathe, swim, surf, play soccer, kite flying,
play volleyball or just take a walk yes, they can do many activities in this
beach for its complete beach activities. For person who like playing
soccer, don‘t forget to try the game with some locals. The locals usually
set up the goal posts between Hard Rock Cafe and Discovery Shopping
Mall at 16:00.
When the they becomes dark, the nightlife of kuta often begins too
late, at around 23:00. The scene is full of different atmospheres and
entertainment in bars and pubs which some of them give live bands,
fashion show, DJ‘s and sexy dancers. Being hungry and hoping to have a
dinner, many restaurant are ready to serve their best recipes with a lot of
international cuisines. Some of the famous restaurant in Kuta areB‘couple
Bar N‘grill, Blue Pin, Gabah Restaurant, Papa‘s Cafe and others.
 82

Needing the Hotel around Kuta Beach, don‘t worry because Kuta
also offers its best varied hotels and resorts which most ot the them give
beach front locations with their various style and budget ranges. In these
hotels and resorts you can chose your best. It‘s really the worth town to
visit. Kuta with its beauty of the beach will make the tourists feel satisfied
and hope to visit it back. Believe or not, though for 50 years ago Kuta is
the village of fisherman nowadays it‘s called as the International City
because this town is the place where tourists all over the world meet each
other.

Generic Structure Details

Identification Kuta beach is beautiful in Bali. (The first

paragraph)
Remains one of Indonesia‘s major tourist
Description destination, for people can do many activities in
the beach, there is some best varied the restaurants
and the hotels. (paragraph 2, 3, 4, 5)

Conversation about Describing Of Place:

Situation: Jack asks Ray about her experience visiting Indonesia beaches.
They meet in a Restaurant.
Jack :‖Hi, Ray.. How are you today?‖
Ray :‖Hi,very well.. How about you?‖
Jack :‖I‘am fine.. O yeah, I heard you just got back from a trip to
Indonesia. How was it?‖

Ray :‖It was great! I went to several of Indonesia‘s most beautiful

beaches. The white sand,the crystal clear water, and the sunny
weather, were all fantastic!‖
Jack :‖Did you go to Kuta Beach, the most popular beach in
Indonesia?‖
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Ray :‖Yes, I did. I think the beach is very popular because it‘s easy
to go there. It does have a nice view but it‘s very busy because
there are a big number of water attractions.
Jack :‖Did you try the water sports?‖
Ray :‖I did! I tried parasailing and it was so thrilling!‖
Jack :‖Wow.. you‘rereally brave!‖
Ray :‖Oh, it‘s nothing.‖
Jack :‖What about other beaches?‖
Ray :‖Well, the other probably less popular, but in my opinion they
are more amazing and above all, more relaxing.‖
Jack :‖Really? What are they? I should put them on my itinerary
because I plan to go to Indonesia this winter break.‖
Ray :‖Oh, do you? Umm.. mymost favorite was Sanur Beach. The
scenery was just too much for the eyes and it was quieter there.
The water was crystal clear too.
Jack :‖What did you do there?‖
Ray :‖I went snorkeling and I could see all the corals under the
water. Kuta Beach in Bali was also amazing. It was also quiet
and peaceful there.
Jack :‖Well, I should go to now and thanks for information about
your vacation in Bali. See you friend.‖
Ray :‖You are welcome, See you too.‖
 83

REFERENCES
Richards, J. C. Person To Person : Communicative speaking and listening skills.
Formatif. Bahasa Inggris untuk smk/sma semester genap, Viva Pakarindo.
Richard,Jack C.Person To Person,England:Oxpord University Press.
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-
inviting.php
http://freeenglishcourse.info/invitation-pengertian-generic-structure-dan-contoh/
https://vikanayza.wordpress.com/2013/05/20/expressions-of-like-and-dislike/
http://www.belajaringgris.net/expression-of-like-and-dislike-3160.html
http://www-
01.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsADescriptiveText.htm
http://www.slideshare.net/restu12/restuadeliappt
http://www.englishindo.com/2012/02/descriptive -text-about-kuta-beach.html
http://juliantluber.blogspot.co.id/2014/04/descriptive-text.html
http://www.belajarmudahbahasainggris.com/2016/04/conversation.html
https://aury-muda.blogspot.com,2011/02/asking-and-giving-direction.html?m=1
https://studybahasainggris.com/belajar-menanyakan-dan-memberi-arah-jalan-
giving-direction/
https://bahasainggrisoke.com/asking-giving-direction-pengertian-jenis-cara-dan-
contoh-dialog-asking-direction/

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