M. Sc. Hugo A.

Barreda de la Cruz
Introduction to Drawing
EngineerSpecialistinElectricalProjects
Researcher in Renewable Energy
DRAWING FOR ENGINEERING

Technical and AutoCAD

Environment

Technologic
al University
of Peru
 FIRST DAY OF CLASS

icate the syllable.

•Introduction to the course and
regulations in class delivery.
 Learning unit 1: Week 1 and 2
Use of drawing instruments in the development of geometric constructions .

Specific learning achievement:

At the end of the unit, the student draws and applies geometric constructions to obtain graphic solutions using drawing instruments without standardized
paper formats.

Learning unit 2: Projections. Week 3 and 4

Specific learning achievement:

At the end of the unit the student builds multiple projections in ISO and ANSI using AutoCAD software.

Learning unit 3:
Week 5 and 6
Sizing, layers, cutting and section.

Specific learning achievement:

At the end of the unit, the student constructs and represents section views, sections and breaks to show internal details of solids using ISO and ANSI
standards, with their respective bounded isometries using AutoCAD software.

Learning unit 4:
Week 7,3 and 9
Representation of views in detail.
start
Specific learning achievement :
At the end of the unit, the student builds, reads and interprets detail views and plans using AutoCAD.
(20%)PC1 + (20%)PC2 + (20%)PC3 + (40%)TF

Where:

Guy Description Week Observation

PC1 QUALIFIED PRACTICE 1 3 qualified practice 1 individual

PC2 QUALIFIED PRACTICE2 5 qualified practice 2 individual

PC3 QUALIFIED PRACTICE3 7 qualified practice 3 individual

T.F. INDIVIDUAL FINAL WORK 9 individual final work

15 MINUTES
 THE STUDENT DRAWS AND
BUILD VIEWS
USING TOOLS
INSTRUMENTAL DRAWING AND
AUTOCAD.
 Represent three-dimensional elements
accurately by applying technical standards. utility

SOPOPTE GUIDE

WHAT IS THE TECHNICAL

DRAWING?
The technical drawing is a
system of graphic
representation of various types
of objects , with the purpose of
providing sufficient
information to facilitate their
analysis, help develop their
design and enable future
construction .
 Technical drawing includes works such
as sketches and/or sketches, schemes, diagrams,
industrial, mechanical and electrical plans , representations of

DRAWING FOR
architecture, urban planning, etc., solved through the help of
geometric concepts , where mathematics, geometry and
various types are applied. of perspectives, scales, etc.
 TECHNICAL DRAWING
AND ARTISTIC DRAWING
Artists transmit their ideas and thoughts according to
their own rules .
Technical drawing is called that because the draftsman
transmits the idea of the pieces within established

DRAWING FOR
STANDARDS .
Technical drawing can be reproduced but artistic drawing
cannot.
 h3
aq
mFr_ i .

ARTISTIC DRAWING TECHNICAL

Try to communicate ideas and

DRAWING
27
Representation of objects
more accurately as possible,
sensations, based on the
suggestion and stimulating shape and dimensions. This type
imagination. drawing is used for
Expresses aesthetic ideas, represent topography, work
philosophical and abstract. engineering, parts

DRAWING FOR
machinery, buildings and consists
in a standard drawing.
TYPES OF
TECHNICAL
1. Industrial Drawing
DRAWING
2. Architectural Drawing Demister pad
Steam Outlet

3. Mechanical drawing R
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4. Electrical Drawing IN
G

5. Electronic Drawing
F
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6. Geological Drawing E
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7. Topographic Drawing N

8. Urban Planning
Drawing
9. Civil Drawing, etc.
 TECHNICAL DRAWING CLASSES
ACCORDING TO
DIN, ASA AND ISO STANDARDS

The DIN and ASA standards classify

technical drawings based on the following
criteria:

DRAWING FOR
a. Drawing objective
b. Form of preparation of the drawing.
c. Content.
d. Destination.
 DRAWING: Scale
TO. ACCORDING representation.
TO YOUR
SKETCH: Freehand GRAPHICS:
representation. Representation
graph of measurements,

DRAWING FOR
values.
PLAN: Representation with
its position or function.
B. ACCORDING TO THE MANNER OF
CONSTRUCTION:
PENCIL DRAWING: Any INK DRAWING : The same, but
pencil drawing. executed in ink.

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ORIGINAL: The drawing REPRODUCTION: Obtained by O
performed for the first time. any copying procedure. R
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C. ACCORDING TO ITS
CONTENT: EXPLODED DRAWING:
Representation of each element
GENERAL OR ASSISTANCE DRAWING:
Representation of a machine.

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GROUP DRAWING: WORKSHOP DRAWING F
Representation of a DRAWING: Drawing SCHEMATIC: O
subset. to simplify symbolic representation. R
E
representations. N
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D.ACCORDING TO Representation intended for the
manufacture of a part.
YOUR DRAWING OF
DESTINATION: MECHANIZATION:
Representation to carry out certain
DRAWING OF manufacturing operations.
MANUFACTURING :

DRAWING FOR
Fig. 10

ASSEMBLY DRAWING: Drawing of CLASSE

the data necessary for assembly. S:
Drawings of objects that only
DRAWING OF differ in dimensions.
 Graduated ruler 30 cm
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scalemeter IN
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Conveyor

UTILITY
 Materials
Draft Template to
delete

Brush
UTILITY
 P Precision compass
> Compass leads 2B
and 2H
> mine slicer

UTILITY
Compass
Clamp

Endless screw

Articulated rigid arms

Accessory slot

steel needle graphite mine

 USE OF THE
A compass isCOMPASS
a technical drawing instrument that can be used
to make circles or arcs. It can also be used as a tool to measure
distances.
D
90 angles R
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IN
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F
Direction of rotation
O
Pape 0.5t R
E
Pape N
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sharpening
angle

1 Center and radius 2 Compass placement

Compass
Compa

It is the instrument used

to draw circles or
arcs of circles and for
transport measurements.

■ f is made up of two legs,

joined by a hinge,
whose opening can
easily regulated
 There are different types,
which are characterized by
your form of employment:

•It is assem ss is functions

compose bly of not of the
d of two a used articulati
arms mecha to draw on
articulate nical lines. compass
d at the pencil • but,
head ■ rsta Commo unlike
of the compo nly in this one,
compass sed of time opening
. one of two with between
the arms contin small his arms
It is uous precisio can
straight and n is graduate
and at its finishe called through
end it d arms mustac a thyme
has in he and that
an metal is used allows a
adjustabl tips to trace better
e or that are small stability
fixed articul circumf between
needle ated in erences them,
other the , such
arm can head. particul that the
be used arly opening
articulate to when does not
d transfer they vain if
or measur are the
continuo ements vanes screw is
us and and of the not
has at divide same turned.
the end lines diamete
mo a into r
slotted equal ■
hole that parts, Fulfills
allows this the
the compa same
 Materials

UTILITY
Pencil and mechanical pencil
The letters: express the degree of hardness. Its meaning is: B (Black)
= soft lead; HB (Hard Black) = semi-hard lead: H (Hard) = hard lead.
• The numbers: indicate the quality within a range of hardness, the
higher the number the more this quality will increase, thus a 4B mine
will be softer than another 2B

DRAWING FOR
ENGINEERING
Pencil and mechanical pencil
EUROPEAN SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION 9H 8H 7H 6H 5H 4H 3H 2H

HF HB B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

Hard Half Gentle

DENOMINATION HARDNESS PREFERRED USE D

R
8B
A
7B
Extra soft Shade W
6B IN
S.B.
G
F
4B Soft, very black Write and draw freehand O
3B R
2B E
b
soft, black Sketches and freehand drawings N
cA--:Lt -,4,.
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H.B. >emiDianao Sketches and finishing of technical drawings
N
h Hard
Layouts of technical drawings
2H Harder

3H

4H Very hard Auxiliary layouts of technical drawings

5H

6H To draw on polyester sheets

Extra hard Mapping

7H
 Hard Pencils
In this group (9H - 8H - 7H - 6H - 5H -4H) for extreme accuracy, such as in
calculations, graphs, charts and diagrams.

Medium Pencils
These pencils (3H - 2H - H - F - HB - B) are for general work in technical drawing.
H and 2H pencils are used in drawing calculations.

DRAWING FOR
ENGINEERING
Soft Pencils
These pencils (2B- 3B- 4B- 5B- 6B- 7B) are too soft to use for mechanical drawing.
Using it for such work results in rough, dirty lines , which are difficult to erase and
the pencil must be continually sharpened. They are used for artistic work of various
kinds and for natural scale details in architectural drawing.
 D
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Set of squares A
beveled W
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The hypotenuse of the square must
have the same length as the long
leg of the bevel.
Flannel m

UTILITY
 Squads:
•Wooden, metal or plastic instrument.
•With the 45º square, parallel perspective oblique projections are drawn and with the 60º
square, isometric, conical and/or vanishing point projections are drawn.

Parts of the squad:

DRAWING FOR
ENGINEERING
Angle is a relative inclination of two straight lines that intersect at a given point.
Vertex , points where the two sides of an angle meet.

UTILITY
 Work at Home: Canson A4 120 g paper D
Class Work: 75 g A4 bond paper R
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IN
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masking tape N

UTILITY
LEGEND LABELING
• It is the art of drawing letters and numbers under a standardization or norm.
(Monkhouse F. J., 1982).
• The drawing title block is generally located in the lower right corner, but it can
go at the bottom of the sheet (course practices). The layout and size of the

DRAWING FOR
ENGINEERING
block is optional but must contain at least the following information: Name of
artist or organization, title of
work, drawing number, scale, date, approval or grade in course practices.

TRANSFORMATIO
N
 LABELED (NTP833.022)
PERUVIAN NTP 833.022
PERUVIAN TECHNICAL 3 out of 5
NTP 833.022
TECHNICAL 2 of 5 STANDARD
STANDARD

Specific information: Detailed aspects of the object, type of projection used, executors
REQUIREMENT (name or signature) and dates of execution, review and approval of the drawings.
S
Complementary information: Symbol of the representation method (ASA or DIN), general
Label tolerances, shape and position, surface treatments, plane it replaces, number of sheets
budget number, etc.

4.1.1 The sign will be placed in the lower right part of the plan, according to what is shown in
Figure 1.
4.1.6 The scales used in the plan will be placed on the label, highlighting the main scale with
larger numbers. The secondary scales will be recorded below the corresponding drawings.

List of modifications
FIGURE 1
Label
When the label is added to the modifications list, it will be placed
4.2.1
preferably on the label in the manner as shown in Figure 2.

DRAWING FOR
ENGINEERING
4.1.2 The sign will have a maximum width of 185 mm and a recommended height of LIST OF MODIFICATIONS
51mm.

4.1.3 The thickness of the lines in the boxes will be in accordance with the NTP
833.004. LABEL

4.1.4 The writings within the boxes will be those that are in accordance with NTP 833.003.
FIGURE 2

The list of modifications will be divided in the way that is considered most
4.1.5 The information to be indicated on the label will be located and will be of the size 4.2.2
corresponding to its importance, grouped into: convenient, but without changing the width of the
sign.

Identification information : Identification and/or sequential key. 4.2.3 The information to be provided to me will be grouped
into:
General information: Entities executing the plan, identification of the work (work or group,
client and location). Basic information: Code of the modified object, date of modification.

Additional information: Appearance of the modification (before and after), author.

--0
etc / *
2 SAC WEB í
(%. F
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Freehand lettering
Labeling can be done freehand or freehand using the pencil, which must have a conical tip. In this marking
you must be careful and comply with the established rules.

Mechanical labeling
Labeling can also be done using equipment or templates which contain an alphabet with engraved letters and
can be done with ink. The tracing is done using a graphic plotter, also called a tracer or spider.

DRAWING FOR
ENGINEERING
The one that is most used is the normograph, which are rulers whose surface has the alphabet perforated.
 Labeled
For the course, the legend will be defined in the box and the labeling will be through
the Auto CAD software in a format regulated by the UTP and applied
D
all course of drawin

the
in R
A
The usefulness of labeling is to indicate in writings all the necessary information
g. of a W
IN
Drawing and the name is because the type of letters and numbers must be drawn G
according to the techniques. F
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Name Date
GI

Techn
Unive

ologic
Elaborate

Peru
rsity
N

al of
l

l d:
IT Revised:
Section:
Page:
Sc

e:
al

DRAWING TITLE 01
Pages: 01/01
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F
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SCALE:
E
DRAWING: N
DESIGN
AC AE EUF:
TTuto" QUALIFIED PRACTICE GI

I APPROVE:
DIMENSIONEE:
DATE: N°2 N
MATERIAL:

RULE: TEACHER: EDP A4 FORMAT

FCYECCICN SYSTEM: F-ANO NT: 1 NOTE

UNIVERSITY
TECHNOLOGICAL
DEL PERG
None REPLACES

EUSTITUIDOFOR: H CJA N*

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING 1:1

 Paper Formats (NTP833.001 )
In series A, the sheet of size 1 m² is called
A0, and the following divisions, which ISO 216 Standard
reduce the previous one by half, are
successively called A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, ... Formóte
Ar
D
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The relationship between its sides is: √ IN
G
2=1.4142. F
O
Example: 210 x √ 2 = 297 Approx. Format R
Format Dimensions (mm Margin (mm| A3 E
N
10
\
Format
A.O. 841 X1189 A2
Yo
GI
N
«

±
00 X

A1 10

Format
CU

M
or 1\ X
AU

10

A3 297x420 10

120
,-- 297x210 10

l
 FREEHAND DRAWING
As its name indicates , it is freehand , so the figures
are out of scale, but they should not be out of
proportion .

DRAWING FOR
ENGINEERING
Vertical lines
• The pencil is held not close to the tip, the verticals
straight
They draw from top to bottom, the movement must be
with the hand in a free position and making quick strokes.
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Way to draw lines:
Always draw downwards, from left to right or vice
versa depending on the case.
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 DRAWING FOR
ENGINEERING
By moving the square on the bevel,
lines can be drawn
The square and bevel are used to: V Draw angles
V Draw parallels and perpendiculars
If we rotate the square 90° without moving the bevel, lines can be drawn
Using the square and bevel, angles of 30°, 45°, 60° can be easily
drawn.
Angles of other different values can also be drawn by composition of
the square and the bevel.
PRACTIC
 EXAMPLE: Place the square and bevel according to the angle that the sample lines form with the
horizontal. Then, draw a line every 5 mm until each box is completed.

PRACTIC
 RI

P8
(N
W

33

03
.0
T
E

)
Normalized letter
height (mm)
2 3 1 1
, , 0 4
The relationship between 2 normalized letter heights is 1:√2.
5 5

K 2-. 3.3.2. ,

6 4
■ EEKE MN 0b e f 9h 1

DRAWING FOR
OpGRSHIK1 mB0pMs «Mía
UMMx2

.% 23,56 7890
 STANDARDIZED
STANDARDIZED
Writing A (d = h/14f

Writing B(d= h/Wi

Characteristics
LETTERS
LETTERS 223.
Relationshi
p
Measures
Values in millimeters

Values in millimeters

395
22 ;
Relationsh
Characteristics Measures D
Writing height ip
h (14/14) 2,5 3,5 5 7 10 14 20 R
Height of capital letters D
A
Writing height
h (10/10) 2,5 3.5 5 7 10 14 20
R
W

0
Height
Height of of lowercase
capital lettersi's A
IN
c (10/14) - 2,5 ’ 3,5 5 7 10 14 W
(without highlighting lines) G
Height of lowercase letters (without IN
F
c (7/10)h -- 2.5 3,5 5 7 10 14
raised strokes) G
O
Character spacing to (2/14) h 0.36 0,5 0,7 1 1.4 2 2,8
F
R
Character spacing to (2/10)h 0,5 0,7 1 1,4 2 2,8 4 O
E
Minimum space between support
b (20/14)h 3.5 5 7 10 14 20 28 R
N
lines I of writing (interline)
E
GI
Minimum space between supporting b (10/14) h 3,5 5 7 10 14 20 28
N
lines I of writing
Minimum space(interline)
between words and (6/14) h 1,05 1,5 2.1 3 4,2 6 8,4 N
GI
Minimum space between words • (6/10) 1.5 2.1 3 4,2 6 8,4 12 N
Stroke Width d (1/14) hr 0,18 0,25 0,35 0,5 0,7 1 1,4

Stroke
Speck —Width (1/10)
The space between two charactersd may be halved if it0,25
provides0,35 0,5 effect0.7
a better visual 1
, for example, LA.1,4
TV; It will 2
then correspond to a stroke width d.
Note - The space between two characters may be reduced by half if it provides a better visual effect, for example, LA. TV; It will
then correspond to a stroke width d.
 STANDARDIZED

DRAWING FOR
ENGINEERING
Normalized Letters
• To make lowercase letters, the two jambs and the body are
used and to make uppercase letters or numbers, the body
and the upper jamb are used.
D
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Upper Jamb IN
G
FJ < j G E "i *- Body F
O
R
E
Lower Jamb N
GI
N
Letters and figures
design
D
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4 BCDEFGHUKL MNP IN
G
F
O
TU V WX YZ R
E
N
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N

¡123456 789^
Letters and figures design
Normalized heights of letters and numbers (h) mm.

2.5 3,5 5 7 10 14 20

Writing inclination = 15°.

Capital letter height ( h ) 10/1 Oh

DRAWING FOR
Lowercase height ( c) 7/10 a.m.

Line thickness (d) 1/ 10h

Minimum distance between letters (a) 2/ 10h
L
et
te
rs
a
n
d
fi
g
freehand stroke of letters

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Replicate the drawing made by the teacher in the
following links:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xa1BAo8
=6&list=PLkWXxnKJHNL0R-

DRAWING FOR
Jw4nehR6okTbR7ptbyM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0u PHx
=7&list=PLkWXxnKJHNL0R-
Jw4nehR6okTbR7ptbyM

PRACTIC
 DRAWING IN OUR
DAYS
Use of CAD computer programs.
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 INTRODUCTION
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN
Computer-aided design , better known by its acronym CAD (Computer Aided Design) , is the
use of a wide range of computer tools that assist engineers, architects and designers. CAD is
also used within the framework of product life cycle management processes (in English product

DRAWING FOR
Ufe cycle management).

It can also be found denoted by the acronym CADD (computer aided design and drafting),
which means computer aided drawing and design.
 THE CAD DESIGN PROCESS CONSISTS OF FOUR
STAGES)
1 . Geometric modeling.
2. Analysis and optimization of the design.
3. Design review and evaluation.
4. Documentation and drawing (drafting). Finally, in this stage technical and work plans
are made. Different views of the piece are represented, to scale, including
perspectives. In addition to design drawings, the documentation may include a
descriptive memory with non-graphic aspects that are necessary for its manufacturing;
this type of data is usually added to the drawing footer .

DRAWING FOR
ENGINEERING
Drawing made with CAD software.

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DRAWING FOR
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1. AutoCAD Menu 2. Basic Tools 3. Workspace 4. Program Version 5. File Name 6. Autodesk 360 Online 7.
Graphics Window Controls 8 . Ribbon (Ribbon) 9. Drawing Area 10. View Cube 11. Tools Palette 12. Cursor 13.
Properties Palette 14. Navigation Bar 15. Model Space 16. Presentations (Paper Space) 17. Command Line 18.
Drawing utilities 19. UCS ( User Coordinate System) 20. Status Bar 21. Drawing Sheet.
 DEFINE THE UNITS OF THE DRAWING
Using the DDUNITS (UN) command displays a Unit Control dialog box with two areas
A Drawing Unit! {Length and Angle): D
R
Lengh
TyFe: Used to specify how AutoCAD displays drawing units, that is, the type
A
Type

Pacing________ Dedma Degeee

of measurement units, for example, feet and inches or metric. [A
Precision:
W
0.0000 c drawing unit is the distance between two points, which can be
IN
measured in feet, meters, millimeters, etc.)
mnckwise
G
rsarionacale
Lnistoscale nsered content:
F
O
Length, Used to indicate the types and formats of linear units.
Millimeters

Sample Output ■
R
5.20039.0 3645.0 E
Angle, Used to indicate the types and formats of angular units: N
lighting
Urteforepecfyng the imersty of ightng
GI
nbemetonal
N
- Diection I Hep
The Direction button controls the origin and orientation of the angles.

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 in
in

DRAWING FOR
Art of Drawing Precision Technical Plans with High

DRAWING FOR
DRAWING FOR
DRAWING FOR
 CONCLUSIONS
Onclusions
Technical drawing uses technical
closing standards for its representation.
CAD tools allow us to develop
What is it for... Projects very
complex.
Technical plans allow us to
communicate our ideas to other
professionals in the same branch.
V The purpose of the plans is that they
can be built in reality.
Thank you
See you
the next
class