EXPERIMENT 2
AIM - To prepare M/30 solution of Mohr’s salt and, using this solution find out the molarity and
strength of the given potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution.
THEORY –Mohr’s salt titration with potassium permanganate is also a redox titration. In this
titration, Mohr’s salt acts as a reducing agent and potassium permanganate works as the oxidising
agent.
MOLECULAR EQUATIONS
REDUCTION HALF REACTION -
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5O
OXIDATION HALF REACTION -
(FeSO4(NH4)2SO4.6H2O +H2SO4 +O→ Fe2(SO4)3 + 2(NH4)2SO4 +13H2O) x 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVERALL REACTION-
2KMnO4+10FeSO4(NH4)2SO4.6H2O+8H2SO4→K2SO4+2MnSO4+5Fe2(SO4)3+10(NH4)2SO4+68H2O
IONIC REACTIONS –
Oxidation half – [Fe2+→Fe3+ + e-]5
Reduction half - MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- → Mn2++4H2O
Overall equation - MnO4- + 8H++5Fe2+→ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O
MATERIALS REQUIRED
APPARATUS REQUIRED – weighing bottle, weight box, volumetric flask, conical flask, burette,
pipette, clamp stand, chemical balance, beakers, burette stand, funnel, measuring flask, white tile,
burnet and wire gauge. distilled water, dilute sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate solution.
INDICATOR – KmnO4 is a self indicator.
END POINT -- colour change of KMnO4 from colourless to light pink.
PROCEDURE -
A. Preparation of 250ml of M/20 solution of Mohr’s salt –
1. weigh 4.9g of Mohr’s salt using a chemical balance and watch glass.
2. dissolve weighed Mohr’s salt conc H2SO4 (5 ml) and 100 ml distilled water in a beaker.
Dissolve the salt and pour in into in 250 ml volumetric flask. Now fill the volumetric flask with
distilled water according to the required volume.
B. Titrating potassium permanganate solution against standard ferrous ammonium sulphate
(Mohr’s salt)
1. Wash the pipette and the burette with distilled water and then rinse burette
with KMnO4 and pipette with Mohr salt solution.
CALCULATION: 2. Fill the burette with potassium permanganate solution. Fix the burette in the burette stand.
3. Take out 20 ml of standard more Mohr salt solution in the conical flask. Add 10ml of sulfuric
For Mohr salt preparation molarity acid to prevent the oxidation of manganese to form manganese dioxide.
Molarity = Given mass x 1000 4. Note the initial reading of the burette before starting that experiment.
Molar mass x V 5. Now against the potassium permanganate solution start the titration and slowly still the flask
gently.
! $ & '((( 6. Initially, the purple colour of KMnO4 will be discharged with ferrous ammonium sulphate. The
= appearance of the permanent pink colour indicates the endpoint. Repeat the for 3 time unless
,# )*+ & '((
Concordant value is obtained.
!"# % &
X = &' = 1.3 g.
% !'
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Part -A. Molarity of KMnO4 The volume of Mohr’s salt solution taken – 20ml. (by Pippette)
From the balanced ionic equation 1 mole KMnO4 is reacting with 5 mole of mohr’s salt solution. Burette Reading The volume of KMnO4 Concordant
S.No. used in ml Value
M KMnO4 x V KMnO4 Initial Final
&
MMohr x V Mohr = ( 1. 0 ml 11.9 ml 11.9 ml
2. 0 ml 12.0 ml 12.0 ml 12.0 ml
MKMnO4 x 12.0 ml 3. 0 ml 12.0 ml 12.0 ml
&
0.03 x 20.0 = (
RESULT – Molarity of given KMnO4 solution 0.01M Strength 1.58 g/l
MKMnO4 = 0.01 M
PRECAUTIONS –
Part -B Strength of KMnO4 solution = Molarity x Molar mass = 0.01 x 158u = 1.58 g/l 1. Always rinse the burette and pipette before use.
2. Clean all apparatus with distilled water.
Result – Molarity of given KMnO4 solution 0.01M Strength 1.58 g/l 3. Use dilute H2SO4 acid in the experiment.
4. Strength of KMnO4 solution should be taken at least 2 decimal.
5. Don’t use a rubber cork burette as it is can be attacked by KMnO4.
AIM-IDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP FROM GIVEN SAMPLE – C EXPERIMENT - 06
AIM-IDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP FROM GIVEN SAMPLE – C
RESULT – The experimental observation shows the presence of aldehyde group -CHO
confirmed. PART- A - PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
EQUATION - a. Colour - colourless
b. Odour – order of sprit or wine
c. Solubility in Water - soluble in water
d. Solubility in dil HCl – soluble in Dil Hcl
PART- B - CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
S.N. Experiment Observation Inference
1. Unsaturation test- To the KMnO4 get Compound is
given organic compound add decolourised saturated (-)
alkaline KMnO4 solution
2. Litmus Test – Put a drop of No change is Alcoholic or
sample on blue litmus and red observed carboxyl group is
llitmus absent
3 Test for carboxylic group- Add No CO2 evolve Carboxylic group
a pinch of NaHCO3 to the given absent
sample
4. Test for phenol – to the given NO VOILET Phenolic group
sample add 2- 3 ml of Neutral PPT obtained absent.
FeCl3 soln
5. Test for carbonyl group – Add Orange yellow Carbonyl group may
1 ml of sample add 2-3 ml of 2,4 ppt formed be an aldehyde or
DNP (dinitro phenylhydrazine) ketone.
6. Test for aldehyde group: Added Red ppt formed -CHO group
1ml Fehling solution to given confirmed
organic compound & heated on
water bath.
7. Added Tollen’s reagent to Silver mirror on -CHO group
organic compound and warm it inside wall of confirmed
in water bath the test tube
RESULT – The experimental observation shows the presence of aldehyde group -CHO
confirmed.
EQUATION -
AIM-IDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP FROM GIVEN SAMPLE – E EXPERIMENT - 08
AIM-IDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP FROM GIVEN SAMPLE – E
RESULT – The experimental observation shows the presence of Carboxylic group – COOH .
PART- A - PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Equations:- a)CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → CH3COO Na + H2O +CO2 a. Colour - colourless
b) C2H5OH + CH3COOH → CH3COO C2H5 + H2O. b. Odour – order of sprit or wine
c. Solubility in Water - soluble in water
d. Solubility in dil HCl – soluble in Dil Hcl
PART- B - CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
S.N. Experiment Observation Inference
1 Unsaturation test- To the given KMnO4 get Compound is
organic compound add alkaline decolourised saturated (-)
KMnO4 solution
2 Litmus Test – Put a drop of change is Alcoholic or
sample on blue litmus and red observed, blue carbonyl group
llitmus litmus turn red may be present
3 Test for carboxylic group: Effervescence with
a.- Sodium bi carbonate test: evolution of colour
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to less and odourless Carboxylic
small amount of Organic gas which turns group present
compound lime water milky
4 b.- Ester test: Added ethanol to Pleasant fruity Carboxylic
organic Compound and then smell group present
added 2-3 drops of conc. H2SO4
to it and warmed in water bath for
few min
RESULT – The experimental observation shows the presence of Carboxylic group – COOH .
Equations:- a)CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → CH3COO Na + H2O +CO2
b) C2H5OH + CH3COOH → CH3COO C2H5 + H2O.
AIM- To detect one cation and one anion radical from given salt EXPERIMENT - 09
AIM- To detect one cation and one anion radical from given salt
A. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
RESULT- The given salt is NH4 Cl in which NH4+ is cation and Cl- as anion radical
COLOUR- White and Crystalline – Cu++,Ni++,Fe+++, Fe++, Mn++, Co++ Ni++ absent
ODOUR- characteristic pungent smell- NH4+ may be present
SOLUBILITY- Soluble in water , Soluble in Dil. HCl
DRY HEATING TEST-
S.N. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Heat a pinch of No redish brown gas NO3- absent
salt in dry test Sublimation occurs Halide may be present
tube No crackling sound Pb(NO3)2 may be absent
B. TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICAL
S.N. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Dil H2SO4 test No effervasence of CO2 CO32- absent
Take a pinch of salt in a test No rotten egg smell of H2S S2- absent
tube add Dil No S02 gas ( turn K2Cr2O7 green) SO32- absent
H2SO4 No reddish Brown gas make NO2- absent
FeSO4 solution black
2. Conc. H2SO4 test HCl gas (suffocating smell) Cl- may be present
Take a pinch of salt in a test Give white PPT with AgNO3
tube add Conc H2SO4 (soluble in NH4OH)
3. CONFIRMATORY TEST
a.To the salt solution add White PPT – soluble in NH4OH Cl- Confirm
conc HNO3 and AgNO3 soln
b.To the salt add MnO2 and
Conc H2SO4 and Cl2 gas evolves Cl- Confirm
heat .
c.Salt + solid K2Cr2O7 + Red vapours- add NaOH ( yellow Cl- Confirm
Conc H2SO4 & heat solution obtained) add acetic acid
& lead acetate - Yellow PPT
C. TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL
1. To the salt solution add Smell of ammonia NH4+ may be
NaOH solution and heat present
2. Bring a glass rod dipped in White fumes appears NH4+ may be
Dil HCl over the test tube present
3. Add Nessler’s reagent Brown PPT formed NH4+ confirm
RESULT- The given salt is NH4 Cl in which NH4+ is cation and Cl- as anion radical
AIM- To detect one cation and one anion radical from given salt. EXPERIMENT - 12
AIM- To detect one cation and one anion radical from given salt
RESULT- The given salt is (CH3COO)2Pb in which Pb++ is cation and CH3COO-
A. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
as anion radical
COLOUR- White and Crystalline – Cu++,Ni++,Fe+++, Fe++, Mn++, Co++ Ni++ absent
ODOUR- characteristic pungent smell- CH3COO- may be present
SOLUBILITY- Soluble in water , Soluble in Dil. HCl
DRY HEATING TEST-
S.N. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Heat a pinch of salt in No redish brown gas NO3- absent B.
dry test tube Sublimation not occurs Halide may be absent
No crackling sound Pb(NO3)2 may be absent
TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICAL
S.N. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Dil H2SO4 test No effervasence of CO2 CO32- absent
Take a pinch of salt in a test tube No rotten egg smell of H2S S2- absent
add Dil No S02 gas ( turn K2Cr2O7 green) SO32- absent
H2SO4 No reddish Brown gas make NO2- absent
FeSO4 solution black
2. Conc. H2SO4 test Colorless vapours of vinegar CH3COO-
Take a pinch of salt in a test tube smell (acetate) may be
add Conc H2SO4 present
3. CONFIRMATORY TEST Vinegar smell CH3COO-
To the solid salt add oxalic acid (acetate)
and 2-3 drops of water- Rub with Confirm
finger
ESTER TEST- To the salt CH3COO-
solution add ethanol and Conc Fruity smell of ester (acetate)
H2SO4 and heat Confirm
C. TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL
1. To the salt solution add NaOH No Smell of ammonia Zero group NH4+
solution and heat absent
2. To the salt add dil HCl White PPT Pb++ may be
present
3. CONFIRMATORY TEST
To the above solution Yellow PPT formed Pb++ confirm
I. add KI soln (one part)
II. add K2CrO4 soln Yellow PPT formed Pb++ confirm
RESULT- The given salt is (CH3COO)2Pb in which Pb++ is cation and CH3COO- as anion
radical
